2022-2023学年上海市晋元高级中学高一上学期期末诊断英语试卷（解析版）

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晋元高级中学2022学年第一学期期末诊断
高一年级英语学科
考试时间：90分钟 满分：100分
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. A journalist. B. An astronaut. C. A writer. D. A worker.
2. A. In a restaurant. B. On a train. C. On a plane. D. In a cigarette shop.
3. A. She’s dependable. B. She’s time—conscious.
C. She’s frequently late. D. She’s good at sports.
4. A. She will help the man pay for the opera tickets.
B. She would like to go with the man to the opera.
C. There is no time left to order opera tickets.
D. Going to the opera is time—consuming.
5. A. Go out to cat when the museum closes.
B. Check if the museum cafeteria is open.
C. Meet each other later in the day.
D. Leave the museum temporarily.
6. A. The man will find a job if he perseveres.
B. The man should keep his current job.
C The man can get a job where the woman works.
D. The man should look for a job in a different field.
7. A. She will get her money back from the shop.
B. She will have to talk to the manager about it.
C. She can exchange the T—shirt for a larger one.
D. She can complain to the after—sale service department.
8. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.
C. A vehicle is polluting the air. D. The man is reading a report online.
9. A. The price for rent is beyond them. B. The neighborhood is not near enough.
C. They can rent it as soon as possible. D. They don’t need a new apartment.
10. A. They are its regular customers. B. They like the Italian food best.
C. They prefer the new chef there. D. They are disappointed at its changes.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear one passage and one longer conversation. After each passage and conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. American kids’ sleeping habits. B. Teenagers’ sleep—related diseases.
C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness. D. Learning problems and lack of sleep.
12. A. 7 hours. B. 8 hours. C.10 hours. D. 18 hours.
13. A. They are affected by certain body chemicals.
B. They tend to do things that excite them.
C. They follow their parents’ examples.
D. They don’t need to go to school early.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following conversation.
14. A. Types of future clothes. B. Functions of eco—clothes.
C. New ways to produce electricity. D. Ideas for a research project.
15. A. They can bring us economic benefits. B. They can protect the environment.
C. They can regulate our body temperature. D. They can produce electricity.
16. A. Workshops for eco—clothes are set up overseas to ensure workers a good salary.
B. The man has found reference books on clothes made from smart fabrics in the library.
C. A great number of people are quite eager to wear the dress decorated with lights.
D. Clothes made from smart fabrics can be used to charge cell phones in the future.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary.
Section A
1. Shortly after we ______ (seat), a waiter came over to our table with a smile.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were seated
【解析】
【详解】考查谓语动词时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：我们落座后不久，一个服务生面带微笑地走到我们这桌。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语。根据主句谓语动词came可知，从句谓语表示的动作也应发生在过去，应用一般过去时，be seated为固定搭配，意为“就座；坐下”，且主语为复数，故填were seated。
2. The ban comes after a study found there had been more than 11,000 injuries in the United States ______ (result) from phone—related distraction while walking in the past few years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】resulting
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：这项禁令出台之前，一项研究发现，在过去几年中，美国有11000多人因与手机相关的走神而受伤。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作后置定语。result from意为“由……引起”，injuries与动词短语result from构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。故填resulting。
3. The reason ______ she gave for not coming to the party puzzled all of the people present. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which##that
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她给出的没来参加聚会的理由使在场的所有人感到困惑。分析句子可知，此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为reason，指事物，关系词在从句中作gave的宾语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
4. Neither her skill of delicate, ironic observations on social custom, love and marriage nor her ability ______ (apply) a sharp focus to English manners and morals has abandoned her in her final finished work.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to apply
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论是她对社会习俗、爱情和婚姻的微妙、讽刺的观察技巧，还是她对英国礼仪和道德的敏锐关注，都没有在她最后完成的作品中抛弃她。分析句子结构，结合句意可知，在句中应用非谓语形式作后置定语。被修饰的名词是abliity时，惯常用动词不定式作后置定语，意为“……的能力”，故填to apply。
5. Some people value the peace and beauty of a rural setting, ______ the quiet forests and snowy winters of the Northeast or the dry expanses of the West.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】whether
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：有些人重视乡村环境的和平与美丽，无论是东北宁静的森林和白雪皑皑的冬天，还是西部干燥的广阔地区。分析句子可知，此处为whether…or…的用法，意为“不管……还是……”，在句中作让步状语。故填whether。
6. The Organization has found that 15-year-olds who reported not regularly ______ (share) family meals were twice as likely to be absent from school. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】sharing
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：世卫组织发现，报告不定期与家人共餐的15岁儿童旷课的可能性是其他人的两倍。分析句子结构可知，share与逻辑主语15-year-olds构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语。故填sharing。
7. I wish to thank Professor Smith, with the help of ______, I become who I am today. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whom
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我要感谢史密斯教授，在他的帮助下，我成为了今天的我。分析句子可知，此处为介词of+关系代词whom引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词Professor Smith在从句中作of的宾语成分，和help形成所属关系。故填whom。
8. ______ (overcome) the obstacle, the manager felt relieved. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Overcoming
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：克服了障碍后，经理感到如释重负。分析句子结构可知，本句已有动词felt，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词overcome“克服”与主句主语 the manager 之间主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Overcoming。
Section B
选词填空
A. survived B. donate C. cooperation D. addicted
E. satisfaction F. acquired G. devote H. functions I. suffer

9. Some businesses have agreed to ______ computers to schools.
10. I know that if I start watching a soap opera I immediately become hopelessly ______.
11. The car manufacturer receives consistently high customer ______ ratings.
12. Marketing networks have been enhanced through ______ with Chinese enterprises.
13. The museum will put the recently ______ Picasso on display this spring.
14. The baby was born with a heart problem and only ______ for a few hours.
15. If you’re not happy with it, you should complain. Don’t just ______ in silence.
16. On weekdays, one third of the room ______ as workspace.
【答案】9. B 10. D
11. E 12. C
13. F 14. A
15. I 16. H
【解析】
【9题详解】
考查动词。句意：一些企业已经同意向学校捐赠电脑。根据空格前的“agreed to”可知，此处应用动词原形。根据句意，此处指“同意向学校捐赠电脑”，故用donate，意为“捐赠”。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我知道，如果我开始看肥皂剧，我会立刻上瘾。根据空格前“become hopelessly”可知，此处应用形容词作表语。根据句意，此处指“上瘾”，故用addicted，意为“上瘾的”。故选D。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：汽车制造商的客户满意度一直很高。根据空格后的“ratings”可知，此处应用名词或形容词作定语。根据句意，此处指“满意度”，故用satisfaction，名词，意为“满意”。故选E。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：通过与中国企业的合作，加强了营销网络。根据空格前的介词“through”可知，此处应用名词作宾语。根据句意，此处指“通过与中国企业的合作”，故用cooperation，意为“合作”。故选C。
【13题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：博物馆将在今年春天展出最近获得的毕加索。根据句中“recently ______ Picasso”可知，空格处作定语。根据句意，此处指“最近获得的毕加索”，故用acquired，意为“获得”，此处是过去分词作定语。故选F。
【14题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：婴儿出生时有心脏问题，只活了几个小时。空格处是句子的谓语动词。根据空格前的“was born”可知，此处应用一般过去时。根据句意，此处指“存活”，故用survived，意为“生存；幸存”。故选A。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果你对此不满意，你应该抱怨。不要只是默默忍受。根据空格前的“Don’t”可知，此处应用动词原形。根据句意，此处指“忍受”，故用suffer，意为“遭受；忍受”。故选I。
【16题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：在工作日，三分之一的房间用作工作区。空格处是句子的谓语成分。根据句中“On weekdays”可知，此处应用一般现在时。根据句意，此处指“充当”，故用functions，意为“起作用；运转”，function as意为“担任；兼起作用”。故选H。
Section C
语法填空
How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feeling
Architects have long had the feeling that the place we live in can affect our thoughts, feeling and behaviours. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical(实证的)basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people___17___ (focus) , and lead to relaxation.
Researches show aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2012, Joan Meyers—Levy reported that the height of a room’s ceiling affects how people think. Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, ___18___ (lead) them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook. ___19___ ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant’s ability to concentrate.
___20___ (expose) to nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and ___21___ seems to, according to a study. Students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students___22___ classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.
Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim light helps people loosen up. ___23___ that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation.
So far public buildings ___24___ (concentrate) on by scientists. “We have a very limited number of studies, so we are almost looking at the problem through a straw(吸管),” architect David says. “How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad use of them? That is what we are all struggling with.”
【答案】17. focused
18. leading
19. Besides
20. Exposed 21. it
22. whose 23. If
24. have been concentrated
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述我们生活的家居环境是如何影响我们的感觉和行为的。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们正在探索如何设计空间，促进创造力，保持人们的注意力集中，并导致放松。分析句子结构可知，空前是系动词keep，所以空处应填形容词，focus的形容词形式是focused。故填focused。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她的研究表明，较高的天花板能鼓励人们更自由地思考，使他们建立更抽象的联系。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词encourage，所以lead应该用非谓语形式，逻辑主语是higher ceilings，两者是主动关系，所以此处应该用现在分词做结果状语。故填leading。
【19题详解】
考查介词。句意：除了天花板的高度外，建筑物所能提供的视野也会影响居住者集中注意力的能力。根据后文“the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant’s ability to concentrate”可知，是在讲建筑物除了天花板的高度外，其他会影响居住者集中注意力的地方，所以应填besides意为“除…之外”符合句意，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Besides。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一项研究表明，接触大自然以提高注意力应该会在学术上有所回报，而且似乎确实如此。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词ought to pay off，所以expose应该用非谓语动词，逻辑主语是人，两者是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动，又位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Exposed。
【21题详解】
考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，接触大自然以提高注意力应该会在学术上有所回报，而且似乎确实如此。分析句子结构可知，本句是and引导的并列句，后句中缺少主语，根据句意，空处应填it代指“Exposed to nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically”这件事。故填it。
【22题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：在能看到窗外至少50英尺视野的教室里，学生在词汇、语言艺术和数学测试中的得分要高于那些教室里主要看不到道路和停车场的学生。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是students，在从句中做定语修饰classrooms，所以应该用whose引导。故填whose。
【23题详解】
考查状语从句连接词。句意：如果这是普遍情况，那么在晚餐或聚会时保持昏暗的灯光可以促进放松。根据前文“Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim light helps people loosen up.”可知，此处是表示“如果是真的话”之意，表假设，应该用if引导条件状语从句，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填If。
【24题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，科学家们主要研究公共建筑。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以concentrate做本句谓语，主语是public buildings，两者间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，再根据标志词so far，应该用现在完成时，所以应该用现在完成时被动语态。故填have been concentrated。
Section D
选词填空
A. psychologically B. issue C. vary D. academically E. benefits
F. discipline G. monitor H. peer I. religiously J. emotional K. emerged
The term home schooling means educating children at home or in places other than a normal setting such as a public or private school.
Teaching methods at homeschooling ___25___. Some parents follow a strict timetable and imitate a traditional school environment. Other parents follow an extreme form of homeschooling in which they do not give grades or tests and allow their children to study wherever they want. More parents, however, follow the middle path to provide a balance between freedom and ___26___.
Why do parents choose homeschooling? Some believe that children in public schools experience too much “___27___ pressure”, or social pressure from friends. They say it may have a negative effect on the child’s studies. Other parents are dissatisfied with the quality of education in the public school. About half the parents who teach at home are ___28___ motivated and use lessons by mail or Internet from church schools. Whatever the reasons may be, it is evident that more and more children are being taken out of normal schools every year. As a result, many questions have ___29___, encouraging the debate over home schooling against public schooling.
What then is the future of education? Although children often lean well at home, weak regulations in most states mean that officials rarely challenge or ___30___ parents who say they are home—schooling. As the debate continues, so do the questions about what home schoolers are studying at home. How can parents ensure that their children are prepared ___31___ for college? How are home schoolers assessed to make sure they are getting the same educational standards that school students must have? Recent studies in the United States have shown that homeschooled children tend to be slightly better in subjects like English and art, but they are obviously less skilled at math and science. Finally, there are questions regarding the children’s ___32___ development. Are they too isolated from their fellow students? Are they losing the opportunity to get the social ___33___ of being in a large classroom of students? As with any debatable ___34___, the answers to these questions are never one—sided.
【答案】25. C 26. F
27. H 28. I
29. K 30. G
31. D 32. J
33. E 34. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“家庭教育”的概念以及利弊。
【25题详解】
考查动词。句意：在家教育的教学方法各不相同。作谓语，结合句意表示“不同”应用动词vary，主语为methods，谓语用原形。故填vary。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，更多的父母选择中间路线，在自由和纪律之间寻求平衡。作宾语，结合句意表示“纪律”应用名词discipline。故填discipline。故选F。
【27题详解】
考查名词。句意：一些人认为公立学校的孩子承受了太多的“同伴压力”，或者来自朋友的社会压力。结合句意表示“同伴压力”应用名词peer。故填peer。故选H。
【28题详解】
考查副词。句意：在家教学的家长大约有一半是出于宗教动机，他们通过教会学校的邮件或互联网上课。结合句意表示“宗教”应用副词religiously，作状语。故填religiously。故选I。
【29题详解】
考查动词。句意：因此，出现了许多问题，鼓励了关于家庭教育和公共教育的争论。作谓语，表示“出现”应用动词emerge，结合have可知为现在完成时。故填emerged。故选K。
【30题详解】
考查动词。句意：尽管孩子们在家里往往学习得很好，但大多数州的薄弱监管意味着官员们很少质疑或监督那些声称自己在家上学的父母。结合句意表示“监督”可知应用动词monitor，结合上文challenge可知为一般现在时，用原形。故填monitor。故选G。
【31题详解】
考查副词。句意：父母怎样才能确保他们的孩子在学业上为大学做好准备呢？作状语，结合句意表示“在学业上”应用副词academically。故填academically。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：最后，还有关于孩子情感发展的问题。作定语，结合句意表示“情感”应用形容词emotional。故填emotional。故选J。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们是否失去了在一个大教室里获得社会福利的机会？作宾语，结合句意表示“福利”应用名词benefits。故填benefits。故选E。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：与任何有争议的问题一样，这些问题的答案从来不是片面的。作宾语，结合句意表示“问题”应用名词issue。故填issue。故选B。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In interviews, famous people often say that the key to becoming both happy and successful is to “do what you love.” But mastering a skill, even one that you deeply love, requires a huge amount of hard work
Anyone who wants to master a skill must run through the ___35___of practice critical feedback, alteration, and improvement over and over. Some people seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years and ___36___their gradual improvement. Yet others find it ___37___to do this kind of focused, time—consuming work. Why?
The ___38___may turn on the ability to enter into a state of “flow”, the feeling of being completely involved in what you are doing. Flow states can happen in the course of any activity, and they are most common when a task has well—defined goals and is at a(n) ___39___skill level, and where the individual is able to ___40___their performance to clear and immediate feedback.
Flow states turn the boring practice into an autotelic activity that is, one that can be enjoyed for its own sake, rather than as a means to an end or for obtaining some ___41___reward. Then how can we get into a flow state for an activity that we want to master, so that we enjoy both the ___42___and the rewards?
Those who most ___43___entered into flow states had an “autotelic personality”—a quality to seek out challenges and get into a state of flow. While those without such a personality see ____44____autotelic individuals see opportunities to build skills. Autotelic individuals are receptive, open to new challenges and also persistent. Such people, with an ability to focus on tasks rather than ____45____, have a great advantage over others in developing their inborn abilities.
____46____, for those of us who aren’t necessarily blessed with an autotelic personality, there is evidence that flow states can be promoted by environmental factors. In particular, the learning framework advocated by Montessori schools seems to encourage flow states. In Montessori schools, learning comes through discovery rather than direct instruction and students are encouraged to develop individual interests.
35. A. cycle B. list C. circle D. series
36. A. lose interest in B. make up for C. take pleasure in D. make use of
37. A. meaningful B. frustrating C. amazing D. shameful
38. A. behaviour B. difference C. reaction D. procedure
39. A. appropriate B. elementary C. advanced D. difficult
40. A. compare B. assess C. apply D. adjust
41. A. considerable B. well—deserved C. material D. external
42. A. process B. pleasure C. compliment D. performance
43. A. reluctantly B. blindly C. readily D. casually
44. A. advantages B. difficulties C. details D. faults
45. A. rewards B. expectations C. complaints D. contributions
46. A. Unexpectedly B. Occasionally C. Traditionally D. Fortunately
【答案】35. A 36. C 37. B 38. B 39. A 40. D 41. D 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. A 46. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一种“心流状态”，用以说明任何想要掌握一项技能的人都必须不断重复的循环。一些人能够集中精力练习而另一些人则反感的原因。文章还介绍了“心流状态”的特点和具有这类特征的人的特点，以及有证据表明此状态可以被环境因素影响。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：任何想要掌握一项技能的人都必须经历一遍又一遍的练习、批评反馈、修改和改进的循环。A.cycle循环；B.list清单；C.circle圆圈；D.series系列。根据后文“over and over”可知，掌握技能需要重复循环的练习。故选A项。
【36题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：有些人似乎能够集中精力练习这样的活动多年，并乐于看到逐渐进步。A.lose interest in失去兴趣；B.make up for补偿；C.take pleasure in乐于；D.make use of利用。根据上文“people seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years”可知，有些人似乎能够常年集中精力练习这样的活动，并乐于看到他们自己的逐渐进步。故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是一些人觉得做这种集中精力并耗费时间的工作令人沮丧。A.meaningful有意义的；B.frustrating令人沮丧的；C.amazing令人惊异的；D.shameful可耻的。根据后文“time-consuming work”可知，一些人觉得做这种集中精力的工作是耗费时间的，很是令人沮丧。应该选择感情色彩消极的词。故选B项。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种差异可能会开启进入“心流”状态的能力，一种完全投入到你正在做的事情中的感觉。A.behaviour行为；B.difference差异；C.reaction反应；D.procedure程序。根据上文“Some people seem able to concentrate on”以及“Yet others find it frustrating”可知，有些人喜欢这种循环的状态，而一些人觉得沮丧，这是一种不同人之间的差异性。故选B项。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：心流状态可以发生在任何活动的过程中，当一项任务有明确的目标，具有适当的技能水平，并且个人能够调整自己的表现以获得清晰和即时的反馈时，流状态最常见。A.appropriate适当的；B.elementary基本的；C.advanced先进的；D.difficult困难的。根据下文“their performance to clear and immediate feedback”可知，要想能够完成这项任务，那么肯定需要这类人有清晰的表现和反馈，这也是一种具有适当水平的技能。故选A项。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：心流状态可以发生在任何活动的过程中，当一项任务有明确的目标，具有适当的技能水平，并且个人能够调整自己的表现以获得清晰和即时的反馈时，流状态最常见。A.compare比较；B.assess评定；C.apply申请；D.adjust调整。根据后文“their performance to clear and immediate feedback.”可知，个人能力的体现可以表现为调整他们的表现获得清晰和即时的反馈。故选D项。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：心流状态可以把枯燥的练习变成一种自娱自乐的活动——也就是说，这种活动可以为自己而享受，而不是作为达到目的的一种手段或获得某种外部奖励。A.considerable相当大的；B.well-deserved理所应得的；C.material物质的；D.external外部的。根据上文“turn the boring practice into an autotelic activity”以及“be enjoyed for its own sake”以及“rather than”可知，此处指这种活动更多让自己内心得到享受，而不是获得某种外部奖励。故选D项。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，我们如何才能进入一种我们想要掌握的活动的心流状态，从而享受过程和回报呢？A.process过程；B.pleasure快乐；C.compliment恭维；D.performance表现。根据上文“Flow states turn the boring practice into an autotelic activity”可知，心流状态可以把枯燥的练习变成一种自娱自乐的活动，这说明心流状态下是享受完成任务的过程。故选A项。
【43题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：那些最容易进入心流状态的人有一种“自成性格”——一种寻求挑战并进入心流状态的品质。A.reluctantly不情愿地；B.blindly盲目地；C.readily容易地；D.casually随便地。根据下文“to seek out challenges and get into a state of flow”可知，拥有“自成性格”的人更容易进入心流状态。故选C项。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些没有这种个性的人看到了困难，而有目的的人看到了培养技能的机会。A.advantages优势；B.difficulties困难；C.details细节；D.faults故障。根据上下文“those without such a personality”以及“autotelic individuals see opportunities to build skills”而且“while”表示对比，可知，没有“自成性格”的人看到了困难，而有目的的人看到了培养技能的机会。故选B项。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样的人，能够专注于任务而不是奖励，在发展他们天生的能力方面比其他人有很大的优势。A.rewards奖励；B.expectations期望；C.complaints投诉；D.contributions贡献。根据下文“have a great advantage over others in developing their inborn abilities”以及前文“ rather than”可知，这里有句意上的对比，说明有“自成性格”的人专注于发展自身内部能力，而不是注重外部奖励。故选A项。
【46题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，对于我们这些不一定拥有自成性格的人来说，有证据表明心流状态可以被环境因素促进。A.Unexpectedly意外地；B.Occasionally偶尔；C.Traditionally传统地；D.Fortunately幸运地。结合下文“for those of us who aren’t necessarily blessed with an autotelic personality. there is evidence that flow states can be promoted by environmental factors.”可知，虽然我们不一定拥有自成性格，但是幸运地是有证据表明环境因素可以促进心流状态的形成。故选D项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
It cannot be denied that Hakka earth buildings, or Kejia tulou, are totally different to traditional architectural styles both in China and abroad
Beyond their giant size, earth buildings are unique for their robust(坚固的)architecture. The multi-storey buildings were built with a mixture of earth, sand, glutinous rice , bamboo and wood chips, solidly tamped(夯实)into walls up to two metres thick. Each building could shelter hundreds of people——all sharing the same surname. If danger approached, the doors would be swiftly bolted(闩上)shut. Weapons would then be distributed among the men. Food would be stockpiled in advance and water drawn from the wells located within the building.
Though sometimes called roundhouses, not all earth buildings are doughnut-shaped. Oval square and rectangular ones can be found as well. Some earth buildings bunch up in picturesque clusters, but many stand alone
While some of the oldest existing earth buildings date back to the 12th century, the most recent examples were built in the last century. In a typical earth building, rooms are arranged in a ring-like formation, which face onto a circular central courtyard.
For anyone numbed by the impersonal nature of modern Chinese apartment blocks or the rapid pace of urban China, the earth buildings are charming reminders of what communal village life was like in the past. The Chinese frequently say, “A nearby neighbour is better than a distant relative.” The earth-building-living Hakka have the best of both worlds, as neighbours are also relatives.
Despite their sturdy defences, the earth buildings are falling victim to a gradual hollowing out from within. Like so many villages across China, grandparents and grandchildren can be found playing together, but there is often less and less indication of the presence of the labouring generation between the two. The young and the middle-aged have left to earn money in the country’s cities and towns, leaving many earth buildings largely depopulated.
47. According to the article, which of the following statements about Hakka earth buildings is true?
A. Most earth buildings are round—shaped.
B. Most earth buildings are built to be the same size.
C. The first earth building was built in the 12th century.
D. A typical earth building is occupied by one large family clan of the same surname.
48. We can learn from the article that the biggest advantage of living in an earth building compared to that of an urban apartment is the ______.
A. close neighborhood ties B. scenery of the countryside
C. vast living space D. communal way of life
49. According to the last paragraph, why are the earth buildings disappearing?
A. Because fewer and fewer babies are being born in the villages
B. Because they have to make way for modern apartment blocks.
C. Because they have been worn down by the years without repair.
D. Because more and more people are moving into the cities and towns.
【答案】47. D 48. A 49. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是客家土楼的结构特点及其作用和意义，但是随着青壮年劳动力外出务工，使得土楼人口在很大程度上减少。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Each building could shelter hundreds of people—all sharing the same surname.(每栋建筑可以容纳数百人——他们都拥有相同的姓氏。)”可知，客家土楼可以容纳数百人，这些人拥有同样的姓氏。故选D项。
【48题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The Chinese frequently say, “A nearby neighbour is better than a distant relative.” The earth-building-living Hakka have the best of both worlds, as neighbours are also relatives.(中国人常说：“远亲不如近邻”。居住在土楼中的客家人拥有两全其美的优势，因为邻居也是亲戚。)”可知，生活在土楼的客家人把邻居当作亲戚，体现出邻里之间的亲密关系。故选A项。
【49题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The young and the middle—aged have left to earn money in the country’s cities and towns, leaving many earth buildings largely depopulated.(年轻人和中年人离开去该国的城镇赚钱，使许多土楼的基本人口减少。)”可知，很多青年和中年人都进城务工，居住在土楼的人越来越少，所以土楼也将随着消失。故选D项。
(B)

This document sets out the display standards for Glasgow Museums. This guide will help exhibition planners provide access to exhibitions in our museums. Glasgow Museums’ aim is to improve access to collections by having as many items as possible on display and without physical barriers. We also try out best to protect these objects without limiting access to them.
Ø Object Placement
• Don’t place objects in such a way that they could present a danger to visitors.
• All object displays, cased or otherwise, must be viewable by all, including people who are small in figure or in wheelchairs.
Ø Open Display
• All objects on open display must be secure from theft and damage.
• All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum.
Recommendations
Distance
Recommended distance to place objects out of “casual arm’s 700mm length” (taken from the edge of the object to the edge of any proposed form of barrier)
700mm
*In some cases, 600mm may be acceptable, provided the plinth height is above 350mm.
Ø Cased Objects
• All cased displays should fall within the general optimum (最优的) viewing band of 750-2000mm. Ensure everything is visually accessible from a wheelchair.
• Position small objects or those with fine detail in the front part of a case, with larger items behind.
• Position small items or those with fine detail no higher than 1015mm from floor level. Objects placed above this height are only seen from below by people in wheelchairs or people who are small in figure.

50. From this passage, we can learn that Glasgow Museums ________.
A. limit access to exhibitions on a daily basis B. are most well-known for its large collection
C. make generous donations to the disabled D. give weight to the experiences of visitors
51. According to the guide, objects to be placed on open display must ________.
A. be equipped with anti-theft system B. be viewed from a distance of 700mm
C. receive approval from the museum first D. fall within arms’ reach of a standing man
52. A mother and her 10-year-old son are likely to both feel comfortable in front of a diamond placed in a glass case at the height of ________.
A. 1250mm B. 950mm C. 650mm D. 450mm
【答案】50. D 51. C 52. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了格拉斯哥博物馆对参展物品所规定的展示标准和要求。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Glasgow Museums’ aim is to improve access to collections by having as many items as possible on display and without physical barriers. ”（格拉斯哥博物馆的目标是通过展示尽可能多的物品，并且没有物理障碍，来改善人们对藏品的访问）可知从这段话中，我们可以了解到格拉斯哥博物馆重视游客的体验。故选D项。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三部分“All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to-object basis by the Security Manager of the museum.”（所有被确定为可能开放展示的物品必须由博物馆的安全经理逐个查看并同意），可知根据该指南，公开展示的物品必须首先获得博物馆的批准。故选C项。
【52题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一部分“All cased displays should fall within the general optimum (最优的) viewing band of 750-2000mm. Ensure everything is visually accessible from a wheelchair.”（所有带外壳的显示器应在750-2000mm的一般最佳观看范围内。确保所有东西都可以从轮椅上看到。）以及“Position small items or those with fine detail no higher than 1015mm from floor level. ”（摆放小物件或有细节的物件，距离地面不超过1015mm）可知一位母亲和她10岁的儿子在放在950毫米高的玻璃盒子里的钻石面前都会感到很舒服。故选B项。
(C)
People climbing Mount Everest are two times as likely to reach the top and less likely to die on the climb than 20 years ago, a new study finds. Everest, high in the Himalayans, is the tallest mountain above sea level on Earth. It reaches 8,848 meters into the sky.
Between 2006 and 2019, around two thirds of climbers were successful in their attempt to reach the top. In the 15 years before that, only about one—third went all the way to the top.
The number of attempts to reach the top of Everest has risen sharply over the years, leading to a 300 percent increase in overcrowding. In 2019, 955 climbers tried to reach the mountaintop. Only 222 people did so in 2000.
The study noted that on a single day in May of last year, 396 climbers had gathered at the narrow path just below the top. The area, known as the “death zone,” is so narrow that only a small number of climbers can pass through, one directly behind another.
Nine climbers died on Everest in May 2019. It was the deadliest Everest climbing season since 2015 when an earthquake killed at least 18 people on the mountain.
A picture of climbers waiting their tun to go up and down through the death zone became famous as it was shared online. Yet researchers say the crowds were not the main reason for the deaths last year. “Surprisingly crowding has no evident effect on success or death” of Everest climbers, the study said.
However, overcrowding does make the climb more dangerous. “If crowding slows climbers (as is expected), this increases their exposure to the elements, which should increase risk of an accident or illness,” said Raymond B. Huey, lead writer of the report.
An unexpected storm, earthquake, or landslide could be disastrous, he told Reuters by email.
Climbers have expressed concern about giving anyone willing to pay the government $11,000 permission to climb Everest. Nepal plans to change its policy to require climbers to use guides, and meet physical fitness and experience qualifications, said tourism department official Mira Acharya.
Nepal temporarily closed its mountains to climbers because of the coronavirus health crisis. Now they are open again. However, Acharya noted that flights into and within Nepal have not restarted.
53. Supposing 900 people took part in the climbing Mount Everest between 1990 and 2005, how many of them reached the top?
A. 300. B. 400. C. 500. D. 600
54. Why does overcrowding make the climbing more dangerous?
A. Because it surprisingly leads to death for those climbers.
B. Because it stopped the climbers from reaching the top at the area called “death zone”.
C. Because it exposes climbers to increasing risk of an accident or illness.
D. Because it gets climbers stranded in “death zone” and unable to get further supplies.
55. According to the report, what is the possible reason for overcrowding?
A. More people want to experience the climbing to the top of Mount Everest.
B. A picture of climbers waiting to reach the top inspires more people to give it a try.
C. Nepal government gives climbers permission without restrictions.
D. More people want to climb the Mount Everest before Nepal takes restrictions.
56. What is the general idea of this passage?
A. Climbers are more likely to lose their lives before Reaching Top of Mount Everest.
B. More climbers need to be trained before climbing Mount Everest.
C. Enough experience in climbing mountains matters so much.
D. Climbers are twice as likely to reach top of Mount Everest than in Past.
【答案】53. A 54. C 55. C 56. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述目前攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人登顶的可能性是20年前的两倍，在攀登过程中死亡的可能性也比20年前少了一倍。并简要介绍了导致登山者死亡或患病的原因。
【53题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Between 2006 and 2019, around two thirds of climbers were successful in their attempt to reach the top. In the 15 years before that, only about one—third went all the way to the top.（在2006年至2019年间，大约三分之二的登山者成功登顶。在那之前的15年里，只有大约三分之一的人登顶。）”可知，在1991年到2005期间只有1/3的人登顶成功。由此可推知，如果1990年到2005年有900人登珠峰，那么登顶的人数为：900×1/3=300人。故选A。
【54题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段““If crowding slows climbers (as is expected), this increases their exposure to the elements, which should increase risk of an accident or illness,（如果拥挤减缓登山者的速度（正如预期的那样），就会增加他们暴露在自然环境中的机会，这就会增加发生事故或患病的风险。）”可知，因为过度拥挤会增加登山者发生事故或患病的风险，所以这会让登山变得更困难。故选C。
【55题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Climbers have expressed concern about giving anyone willing to pay the government $11,000 permission to climb Everest.（登山者们表示担心，任何愿意向政府支付1.1万美元的人都可以攀登珠穆朗玛峰。）”可推知，尼泊尔政府给予登山者无限制的许可，这可能是导致登山拥挤的原因。故选C。
【56题详解】
主旨大意题。阅读文章，并根据第一段“People climbing Mount Everest are two times as likely to reach the top and less likely to die on the climb than 20 years ago, a new study finds.（一项新的研究发现，攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人登顶的可能性是20年前的两倍，在攀登过程中死亡的可能性也比20年前少了一倍。）”可知，本文主要讲述登山者登上珠穆朗玛峰的可能性是过去的两倍。故选D。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Exercise for a Better Brain
Most of the time, your brain is the boss of your muscles—directing how you hit a ball, play the piano, or open a cereal box. ____57____ When you’re active, they send chemical signals telling your brain, “Hey, it’s time to grow!” Recent research suggests physical activity has multiple brain benefits, encouraging the birth and growth of new brain cells that supply oxygen and blood sugar to brain cells.
In a 2016 National Institute on Aging study, people who ran on a treadmill for 45 minutes three days a week boosted their levels of brain—derived neurotrophic(神经营养的)factor, a chemical that acts like fertilizer for new brain cells. ____58____
Without exercise, Suzuki says, “little baby neurons don’t get bigger and make thousands of new connections to other brain cells. With exercise, you get fully functioning adult brain cells.” Studies suggest that in younger adults, this can add to the overall number of cells in the hippocampus(海马体). ____59____ It’s a good deal. “There’s evidence these new brain cells are very active,” she says. “They’re excitable, like teenagers. They get involved in more memory circuits than older cells do. You get more connections.”
____60____ If you’re inactive, a stroll around the block may be all it takes to encourage neuroplasticity, she says. And every bit counts. In a 2019 Boston University study of 2354 adults in their 40s through 60s, sedentary people who boosted their daily walking by 7500 steps or more had bigger brains than those who didn’t exercise equivalent to 1.4 to 2.2 fewer years of brain aging, the more light activity study participants logged, such as doing housework, shopping, gardening, or walking the dog, the greater the overall size of their brains.
A. And once age—related brain changes begin, starting in our 30s, exercise helps keep brain cells alive longer and replaces old cells with new ones.
B. Tips have been offered as to how to do exercise.
C. After four months of workouts, their scores improved on a memory test.
D. Besides, studies also suggest that dying cells and brain wastes can be cleared with enough exercise on a regular basis.
E. But when it comes to growing new brain cells, more and more research shows that when you exercise, your muscles take charge.
F. Again, a little goes a long way.
【答案】57. E 58. C 59. A 60. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究发现体育运动对各年龄段人们的大脑有益，同时能促进新的脑细胞的诞生和成长。
【57题详解】
下文“When you’re active, they send chemical signals telling your brain, “Hey, it’s time to grow!” (当你活跃时，它们会发送化学信号告诉你的大脑，“嘿，是时候成长了！”)”可知，空格处需要谈到的是运动促进大脑成长，选项E“但是当谈到培养新的脑细胞时，越来越多的研究表明当你运动时，你的肌肉在起作用”符合题意，下文they指代选项中的your muscles。故选E项。
【58题详解】
上文“In a 2016 National Institute on Aging study, people who ran on a treadmill for 45 minutes three days a week boosted their levels of brain—derived neurotrophic(神经营养的)factor, a chemical that acts like fertilizer for new brain cells.(在2016年一项国家衰老研究所的研究中，每周跑三次，每次四十五分钟的人提高了他们脑源性神经营养因子的水平——这是一种化学物质对新生脑细胞起着肥料的作用)”可知，脑源性神经营养因子的水平会随着运动提高，选项C“在4个月的锻炼之后，他们在记忆测试中的分数有所提高”揭示了这项研究的成果，也是对上文的承接。 故选C项。
【59题详解】
下文“It’s a good deal. “There’s evidence these new brain cells are very active,” she says.(这是一件好事。她说：“有证据证明新的脑细胞非常活跃”) ”可知，新的脑细胞的产生对提升人思维的活跃度有好处，选项A“一旦与年龄相关的大脑变化开始，从我们30多岁开始锻炼，有助于让脑细胞活得更久并用新细胞替换旧细胞”符合题意，it指代中的exercise，是对空格处内容的承接，说明了运动的好处。故选A项。
【60题详解】
下文“If you’re inactive, a stroll around the block may be all it takes to encourage neuroplasticity, she says.(如果你不爱运动，在街区散步可能就能促进神经的可塑性)”可知，人们的运动量不需要很大，一点点就够了。F项“再说一遍，一点点运动就够了”符合题意。故选F项。
IV. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
61. 抱怨网络对热爱冒险的青少年的消极影响是无意义的。(point; impact)(汉译英)
【答案】There’s no point complaining about the internet’s negative impact on teenagers who love adventure.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、搭配、动词和形容词。表示“做某事是无意义的”可以使用固定句型There is no point doing sth；表示“抱怨某事”应使用短语complain about；表“某物对某人的消极影响”可以使用A’s(某物) impact on B(某人)；表示“热爱冒险的青少年”可使用定语从句teenagers who love adventure；表“消极的”使用形容词negative，故答案为：There’s no point complaining about the internet’s negative impact on teenagers who love adventure。
62. 虽然他未能在比赛中获得一等奖，但他的雄心与决心都让裁判们印象深刻。(impress)(汉译英)
【答案】Although he failed to win the first prize in the competition, the referees were deeply impressed by his ambition and determination.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、名词和动词。表示“获得一等奖”应用动词短语win the first prize；表示“在比赛中”可使用介宾短语in the competition；表示“未能”可以使用动词短语fail to do，根据句意表述可知，句子描述过去事实，应使用过去式形式；表“对……印象深刻”应使用动词短语be deeply impressed by sth；表示“雄心与决心”使用ambition and determination；表“裁判”使用名词referee；表示“虽然……但是……”可使用Although引导让步状语从句。故答案为：Although he failed to win the first prize in the competition, the referees were deeply impressed by his ambition and determination.