2022-2023学年上海市上海交通大学附属中学高一上学期期末英语考试（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年上海市上海交通大学附属中学高一上学期期末英语考试（解析版），共33页。

上海交通大学附属中学2022-2023学年度第一学期
高一英语期末试卷
I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A (2’ ´ 10 = 20’)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. To protect yourself against the cold weather, traditional Chinese medicine recommends food with relatively high calories for most people so as to __________ your energy.
A. reserve B. preserve C. persevere D. reverse
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了抵御寒冷天气，中医建议大多数人吃热量相对较高的食物，以储备能量。A. reserve预定，储备；B. preserve维持，保护；C. persevere坚持；D. reverse反转。根据上文“with relatively high calories”可知，吃高热量食物是为了储备能量。故选A。
2. The new Shanghai Library East Branch, which opened at the end of September in the Pudong New Area, has quickly become a new landmark and the city’s __________ favorite photogenic location.
A. last B. later C. latest D. least
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：9月底在浦东新区开放的新上海图书馆东分馆已迅速成为新地标和上海最新的上镜地点。A. last最后的；B. later后来的；C. latest最新的；D. least最小的。由语意可知，新上海图书馆东分馆是在9月底新开放的，已迅速成为新地标，说明下文应该是成为最新的上镜地点。故选C项。
3. Labradors and springer spaniels are ideal candidates for sniffer dogs, because they are known for their __________ sense of smell, and they are active but less aggressive than other breeds.
A. keen B. strong C. genuine D. profound
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拉布拉多犬和施普林格西班牙猎犬是嗅探犬的理想狗选，因为它们以敏锐的嗅觉而闻名，而且它们很活跃，但不像其他品种的狗那么好斗。A. keen敏锐的；B. strong强大的；C. genuine真正的；D. profound深刻的。根据前文“Labradors and springer spaniels are ideal candidates for sniffer dogs”可知，它们是嗅探犬的理想人选，所以它们是有敏锐的嗅觉。故选A项。
4. Stand-up comedy is a fascinating art in that it not only questions the taboo, convention and even our traditions, and questions them with laughter but also shows us new __________, changing the way we see the world.
A. respect B. perspective C. prospect D. reflection
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：单口喜剧是一门引人入胜的艺术，它不仅质疑禁忌、习俗，甚至质疑我们的传统，用笑声质疑它们，而且向我们展示新的视角，改变我们看待世界的方式。A.respect尊重；B. perspective视角；C. prospect前景；D. reflection反思。根据“changing the way we see the world.”可知，向我们展示新的视角，改变我们看待世界的方式。故选B项。
5. The century-old Zhangyuan was once the most popular leisure destination in Shanghai, offering a wide variety of __________ entertainment, such as a roller coaster, an aquatic Lotic Brave Ride（激流勇进）, a fireworks show and circus performances.
A. fancy B. fantasy C. fascination D. fashion
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有百年历史的张园曾经是上海最受欢迎的休闲胜地，它提供了各式各样的令人着迷的娱乐，如过山车、激流勇进、烟花表演和马戏表演。A. fancy想象；B. fantasy幻想；C. fascination令人着迷的事物；D. fashion时尚。分根据“such as a roller coaster, an aquatic Lotic Brave Ride（激流勇进）, a fireworks show and circus performances.”，可知，空它提供了各式各样的令人着迷的娱乐。故选C项。
6. The Brazilian coach confirmed that Neymar would not be fit to play the next match due to ankle injury and complained that the match against Serbia was too __________.
A. economical B. historical C. physical D. political
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：巴西教练证实内马尔由于脚踝受伤无法参加下一场比赛，并抱怨与塞尔维亚的比赛太过粗暴。A. economical节约的；B. historical历史学的；C. physical粗暴的；D. political政治的。根据句意可知，内马尔受伤不能参加比赛，因此推断此处为形容词physical“粗暴的”，满足句意要求，说明比赛过于粗暴导致受伤。故选C项。
7. Tourism is gaining strong recovery momentum in China, with booming demands on air tickets, accommodations, __________ tours and other services, according to Tripadvisor.
A. parceled B. packaged C. packed D. pacified
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：Tripadvisor表示，随着机票、住宿、跟团旅游和其他服务需求的激增，中国旅游业正获得强劲的复苏势头。A. parcel把……包起来；B. package将……包装好；C. pack打包；D. pacify安抚，使平静。根据句意可知，句中指人们对跟团旅游的需求激增，“packaged tour”意为“跟团旅游”，“packaged”为“package”的过去分词，在句中作定语。故选B项。
8. When he presented his findings to Food and Drug Administration, they paid no __________ to his claims or fears that the drugs might have been poisoned.
A. investigation B. regard C. notice D. inspection
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他向食品和药物管理局提交他的研究结果时，他们没有理会他的说法，也没有理会他对药物可能已经中毒的担忧。A. investigation 调查；B. regard 关注；C. notice 注意；D. inspection 检查。动词短语pay no regard to，意为“不考虑，不顾及”。故选B。
9. For this year’s New Year Charity Fair, an admission fee will be charged, but all of the revenue will go to the Shanghai Rende Foundation to __________ medical bills of children with cardiac diseases.
A. cover B. finish C. sign D. support
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年新年慈善博览会将收取入场费，但所有收入都将捐给上海仁德基金会，用于支付患有心脏病的儿童的医疗费用。A. cover足以支付；B. finish结束，完成；C. sign签字；D. support支持。根据空后medical bills of children with cardiac diseases可知，此处指支付患有心脏病的儿童的医疗费用。故选A。
10. In order to boost the stagnating sales, the online shopping giant is introducing a total of 1 billion yuan __________ of red envelopes for the coming Spring Festival.
A. number B. sum C. value D. worth
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了提振停滞不前的销售额，这家在线购物巨头为即将到来的春节推出了总价值10亿元的红包。A. number数字；B. sum金额；C. value价值；D. worth价值。根据句意可知，此处为名词worth“价值”，满足句意要求，（money）worth of sth.……价值……(接数词)。故选D项。


Section B (1’ ´ 20 = 20’)
(A)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. expanding B. alternative C. bridge D. recycled
E. contributed F. concerns G. encouraging H. landscape
I. marine J. dispose K. widening
Food delivery apps are changing the way we eat
It’s raining, it’s dinnertime, and the fridge is nearly empty. Years ago, we made do; today, we order food through our phones. Within twenty minutes, we get whatever it was we were craving, we’re warm and dry, and there’s not a single dish to wash afterward.
Food delivery apps have altered the ___11___ of how eat, particularly in big cities. The industry is a complex machine; there’s Meituan, Ele.me, Hema…the list goes on. These companies are ___12___ and changing at a rapid rate, bringing on the rise of virtual restaurants and ghost kitchens, and customers who will never step inside a brick-and-mortar shop（实体店）.
Of course, these apps bring all types of cuisines around the city to our fingertips, but it comes at a cost. And one of the real environmental ___13___ lies in all that plastic and excess food.
In the US alone, packaging accounts for 30 percent of municipal solid waste. In 2017, that meant 80.1 million tons. Food delivery systems are likely ___14___ this huge number to rise. Durable materials like the plastics serveware is made from, are difficulty to ___15___ of.
Restaurant delivery is a global phenomenon – as is the impact on the environment. Meituan, one of the leading Chinese delivery platforms, delivered 6.4 billion food orders in 2018. It is estimated that China ___16___ 1.6 million tons of packaging waste(containers, utensils, plastic bags) in 2017, nine times more than in 2015.
In the EU, University of Manchester researchers estimate, over two billion single-use takeaway containers are used every year. Most of those are not ___17___. According to the European Commission, packaging, which includes plastic utensils, plates, and straws, make up 70% of all ___18___ pollution found in European seas.
Plastic bans, ___19___ packaging materials, and other efforts to cut down on waste are on the rise. Food delivery apps should, too, do their part to raise awareness for plastic pollution and ___20___ the gap between food waste and hunger.
【答案】11. H 12. A
13. F 14. K
15. J 16. E
17. D 18. I
19. B 20. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了外卖应用正在改变我们的饮食方式。主要介绍了这一行业的一些企业以及对环境的影响。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：外卖应用已经改变了人们的饮食方式，尤其是在大城市。作宾语，结合句意表示“形势”应用名词landscape。故填landscape。故选H。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：这些公司正在快速扩张和变化，带来了虚拟餐厅和幽灵厨房的兴起，以及永远不会踏入实体店的顾客。作谓语，结合句意表示“扩张”应用动词expand，且为现在进行时。故填expanding。故选A。
【13题详解】
考查名词。句意：真正的环境问题之一在于所有的塑料和过量的食物。作宾语，结合句意表示“问题”应用名词concern，此处为one of+复数名词。故填concerns。故选F。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：食品配送系统可能会扩大这一巨大数字的增长。作谓语，表示“扩大”应用动词widen，结合are可知为现在进行时。故填widening。故选K。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：像塑料餐具这样耐用的材料很难处理。结合句意表示“处理”可知短语为dispose of，此处为be adj. to do sth.。故填dispose。故选J。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：据估计，2017年中国产生了160万吨包装垃圾(容器、器皿、塑料袋)，是2015年的9倍多。作谓语，结合句意表示“产生”应用动词contribute，为一般过去时。故填contributed。故选E。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：其中大部分都不能回收。作谓语，表示“回收”应用动词recycle，与主语构成被动关系，故填recycled。故选D。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：根据欧盟委员会数据，包括塑料器皿、盘子和吸管在内的包装构成了欧洲海洋污染的70%。作定语，结合句意表示“海洋”应用marine。故填marine。故选I。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：塑料禁令、替代包装材料和其他减少浪费的措施正在增加。作定语，修饰名词materials应用形容词alternative，表示“替代的”。故填alternative。故选B。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：外卖应用也应该尽自己的一份力，提高人们对塑料污染的认识，缩小食物浪费和饥饿之间的差距。结合句意表示“缩小”可知应填动词bridge，此处为不定式作目的状语。故填bridge。故选C。

(B)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. adolescent B. appeal C. champion D. entitled
E. grounding F. initially G. likely H. matter
I. original J. presented K. specializing
Nicola Morgan was born in 1961. She studied Classics and Philosophy at Cambridge University, then became a teacher of English, ___21___ in reading and writing difficulties. She has written many educational books for children aged 3-11.
Nicola Morgan’s novels for teens range from historical to modern-day to sci-fi futuristic settings, and the subject ___22___ is equally diverse: serious medical conditions; government corruption; brainwashing cults; 18th-century highwaymen; the dangers of the Internet.
Most of the novels are gripping psychological thrillers. Morgan offers readers a challenging but satisfying read, with thought-provoking novels that teenagers can get their teeth into. There is also a cross-over ___23___ that attracts adult readers.
Her first book, Mondays Are Red(2002) is a highly ___24___ novel with an unusual storyline: 14-year-old Luke wakes from a coma caused by meningitis to discover he has synaesthesia, a rare condition in which sensory perceptions become heightened and mixed, for example, hearing colours or tasting sounds. And most frightening of all is the existence of Dreeg, a strange presence in Luke’s mind who encourages him to commit evil actions. Morgan thus crafts a modern-day Faustian tale in which Luke is in awe of the power that Dreeg offers him, and ___25___ unaware of the way in which this power is corrupting him and causing trouble to those around him.
The style of this remarkable and ambitious novel helps to convey the altered sense of reality. Luke’s experiences are ___26___ in a vivid, multi-sensory prose which has been highly rated: Morgan also makes her characters real and sympathetic to readers by ___27___ the story in a more recognizable reality: for example, Luke also suffers from more ordinary ___28___ problems such as falling in love and sibling rivalry.
Blame My Brain(2005) is a non-fiction book, about the workings of the teenage brain, and was shortlisted for the Aventis Prize for Science Books (Junior). She has also written The Leaving Home Survival Guide(2005); Know Your Brain, showing how brains work differently and how to help your brain to work well(2007); and Reality Check: Curses(2008). Her recent book of non-fiction is a book for writers ___29___ Write to be Published(2011).
Nicola Morgan is an active visitor to schools, ____30____ of reading, and is Chair of the Society of Authors in Scotland. She lives in Edinburgh now.
【答案】21. K 22. H
23. B 24. I
25. F 26. J
27. E 28. A
29. D 30. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述作家尼古拉·摩根（Nicola Morgan）和她的作品。
【21题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她在剑桥大学学习古典学和哲学，然后成为一名英语教师，专攻阅读和写作困难。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查非谓语动词，作伴随状语，意为“专攻”。故选K。
【22题详解】
考查名词。句意：尼古拉·摩根的青少年小说从历史到现代，再到科幻的未来主义背景，题材同样多样：严重的医疗状况；政府腐败；洗脑邪教；18世纪的高速公路人；互联网的危险。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查名词，作主语，意为“课题”。故选H。
【23题详解】
考查名词。句意：还有一种吸引成人读者的跨文化吸引力。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查名词，作表语，意为“吸引力”。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她的第一本书《星期一是红色的》（2002）是一部高度原创的小说，故事情节不同寻常。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查形容词，作定语，意为“原创的”。故选I。
【25题详解】
考查副词。句意：因此，摩根编造了一个现代浮士德式的故事，在这个故事中，卢克对德雷格提供给他的力量感到敬畏，但最初并不知道这种力量是如何腐蚀他并给周围的人带来麻烦的。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查，作状语，意为“起初”。故选F。
【26题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：卢克的经历以一篇生动、多感官的散文呈现，获得了高度评价。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查非谓语动词，作表语，意为“呈现”。故选J。
【27题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：摩根还通过将故事置于一个更具辨识度的现实中，使她的角色真实而富有同情心分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查非谓语动词，作宾语，意为“以…为基础”。故选E。
【28题详解】
考查形容词。句意：例如，卢克还患有更常见的青少年问题，如恋爱和兄弟姐妹之间的竞争。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查形容词，作定语，意为“青少年的”。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她最近出版的非小说类书籍是一本写给作家的书，书名为《写作待出版》（2011）。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查非谓语动词，作定语，意为“书名叫作”。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词。句意：尼古拉·摩根是学校的积极访问者，阅读冠军，也是苏格兰作家协会主席。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查名词，作表语，意为“冠军”。故选C。

III. Reading Comprehension
Section A Cloze (1’ ´ 30 =30’)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
(A)
Certainty：Over-rated and Over-rewarded
Type the words “kind of” or “perhaps” into an email in Microsoft Outlook and the program might well tell you to think again. If the Al-powered “Microsoft Editor” judges that you are not sounding ____31____ enough, it will soon give you a word of warning：“Words expressing uncertainty will ____32____ your impact.”
To me, this suggestion precisely expresses something we’ve got wrong in society. We live in a world that ____33____ those who speak with confidence-even when that is misplaced-and gives very little opportunity to perform to those who ____34____ doubt. “We tend to listen to those experts who tell us a simple, clear and confident story. Why? Because that’s ____35____ satisfying,” says Dan Gardner, author of Future Babble, “That’s saying let me sweep away the uncertainty for you’.”
Research shows that the human brain is “programmed” to hate ____36____：a 2016 study found that when volunteers were given electric shocks, their stress levels were highest when they had no idea whether they were going to be given a shock-higher even than subjects who were told they would ____37____ get one.
We should first know that while confident-sounding experts might be giving us what our brains desire, the ____38____ they are providing is probably false. Psychologist Philip Tetlock divided up forecasters into “foxes” and “hedgehogs”. Foxes consider all sorts of different approaches sand perspectives, and combine those into distinct conclusions. ____39____, hedgehogs tend to view the world through the lens of one single defining idea. That makes the hedgehogs _____40_____ forecasters but more likely to get attention.
Perhaps we care less about the truth and more about enjoying some sense of _____41_____ however short-lived that might be. But wouldn’t it be better if we held experts to account? Mr. Gardner suggests tagging speakers with some kind of record of previous _____42_____ much as we are given performance statistics for racehorses or baseball players.
Highly confident statements also _____43_____ polarization（两极化）, encouraging others to respond in the same kind of language when they disagree. “There’s a natural tendency to push back with equal amounts of _____44_____ says Daniel Drezner, a political scientist.
Is it time to give a bit more attention to the _____45_____? Full of certainty on the need to stop paying so much attention to those expressing certainty, I say yes.
31. A. timid B. reasonable C. decisive D. mature
32. A. assess B. reverse C. enhance D. lessen
33. A. rewards B. relaxes C. confuses D. weakens
34. A. eliminate B. acknowledge C. emphasize D. conceal
35. A. physically B. psychologically C. politically D. professionally
36. A. uncertainty B. confidence C. dishonesty D. stress
37. A. readily B. fortunately C. definitely D. probably
38. A. desire B. depression C. shock D. relief
39. A. For instance B. In addition C. Even so D. In contrast
40. A. funnier B. worse C. less confident D. more reliable
41. A. achievement B. responsibility C. security D. justice
42. A. approaches B. attention C. predictions D. significance
43. A. prohibit B. promote C. sacrifice D. separate
44. A. firmness B. encouragement C. carefulness D. statement
45. A. foxes B. hedgehogs C. forecasters D. scientists
【答案】31. C 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. D 39. D 40. B 41. C 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍表达不确定性的词会影响你的影响力，鼓励人们像狐狸一样考虑不同的方法和观点，并把它们结合成不同的结论。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果Al-powered“微软编辑”认为你听起来不够果断，它很快会给你一个警告：“表达不确定性的词语会降低你的影响力。” A. timid胆小的；B. reasonable合理的；C. decisive决定性的；D. mature成熟的。根据“Type the words “kind of’ or “perhaps” into an email in Microsoft Outlook and the program might well tell you to think again.”和“it will soon give you a word of warning：“Words expressing uncertainty will lessen your impact.””可知，你输入电子邮件的内容不够果断。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果Al-powered“微软编辑”认为你听起来不够果断，它很快会给你一个警告：“表达不确定性的词语会降低你的影响力。”A. assess评估；B. reverse改变；C. enhance提高；D. lessen减少。根据“If the Al-powered “Microsoft Editor” judges that you are not sounding ____1____ enough, it will soon give you a word of warning：”可知，表达不确定性的词语会降低你的影响力。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们生活在一个奖励那些充满信心的人的世界——即使是在错误的时候——给那些承认怀疑的人很少表现的机会。A. rewards奖励；B. relaxes放松；C. confuses使困惑；D. weakens削弱。根据“even when that is misplaced-and gives very little opportunity to perform to those who ____4____ doubt.”可知，自信地说话的人会得到激励。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们生活在一个奖励那些充满信心的人的世界——即使是在错误的时候——给那些承认怀疑的人很少表现的机会。 A. eliminate消除；B. acknowledge承认；C. emphasize强调；D. conceal隐藏。根据“We live in a world that ____3____ those who speak with confidence-even when that is misplaced”可知，这里与那些充满信心的人对比，指承认怀疑的人。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：《喋喋不休未来》一书的作者丹•加德纳说：“因为这是一种心理上的满足，也就是说，让我为你扫除不确定性吧。”A. physically生理上；B. psychologically心理上；C. politically政治上地；D. professionally专业地。根据“That’s saying let me sweep away the uncertainty for you”可知，自信和不确定性都是心理上的。故选B。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，人类的大脑是“编程”讨厌不确定性：2016年的一项研究发现，当志愿者电击，他们的压力水平最高，当他们不知道他们是否会是由甚至比的给定一个轮冲击波受试者被告知他们肯定会得到一个。A. uncertainty不确定；B. confidence自信；C. dishonesty不诚实；D. stress压力。根据“That’s saying let me sweep away the uncertainty for you”可知，人类的大脑是“编程”也讨厌不确定性。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究表明,人类的大脑被“编程”讨厌不确定性：2016年的一项研究发现，当志愿者被电击时，他们的压力水平最高，当他们不知道他们是否会是由甚至比的给定一个轮冲击波受试者被告知他们肯定会得到一个。A. readily容易地；B. fortunately幸运地；C. definitely当然地；肯定地； D. probably可能地。根据“they had no idea whether they were going to be given a shock-higher even than subjects”可知，这里与不确定性进行对比，所以是肯定地。故选C。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们首先应该知道，虽然听起来很自信的专家可能给了我们大脑想要的东西，但他们提供的安慰可能是错误的。A. desire欲望；B. depression沮丧；C. shock震惊；D. relief安慰。根据“confident-sounding experts might be giving us what our brains desire,”可知，专家给我们的大脑提供了想要的东西，即安慰。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：相反，刺猬倾向于通过一个单一的定义概念来看待世界。A. For instance例如；B. In addition此外；C. Even so即便如此；D. In contrast相反。根据“Foxes consider all sorts of different approaches sand perspectives, and combine those into distinct conclusions.”可知，与狐狸考虑了各种不同的方法和观点不同，刺猬是相反的，即只考虑一个单一的概念。故选D。
【40题详解】
考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：这使得“刺猬”预测能力更差，但更有可能得到关注。 A. funnier更可笑的；B. worse更糟糕的；C. less confident不自信的；D. more reliable更可靠的。根据“hedgehogs tend to view the world through the lens of one single defining idea.”可知，“刺猬”预测能力更差。故选B。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许我们更关心的不是真相，而是享受一种安全感，不管这种安全感多么短暂。A. achievement成就；B. responsibility责任；C. security安全；D. justice公正。结合前文“刺猬”看待世界的方法可知，人们大多是享受目前的一种安全感。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：加德纳建议给演讲者贴上某种先前预测的记录，就像我们收到赛马或棒球运动员的表现统计数据一样。A. approaches方法；B. attention注意；C. predictions预测；D. significance重要性。根据“we are given performance statistics for racehorses or baseball players.”可知，加德纳建议给演讲者者加上某种先前预测的记录。故选C。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：高度自信的陈述也会加剧两极分化，鼓励别人在表达不同意见时用同样的语言回应。A. prohibit禁止；B. promote提升；C. sacrifice牺牲；D. separate分开。根据“encouraging others to respond in the same kind of language when they disagree.”可知，高度自信的陈述会加剧两极分化。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：政治学家丹尼尔•德雷兹纳表示，人们自然会倾向于以同样坚定的态度予以回击。A. firmness坚定；B. encouragement鼓励；C. carefulness细心；D. statement声明。根据“Highly confident statements also ____13____ polarization（两极化）, encouraging others to respond in the same kind of language when they disagree.”可知，人们会以坚定的态度予以回击。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：是时候对狐狸给予更多的关注了吗?A. foxes狐狸；B. hedgehogs刺猬；C. forecasters预报员；D. scientists科学家。根据前文“Psychologist Philip Tetlock divided up forecasters into “foxes” and “hedgehogs”. Foxes consider all sorts of different approaches sand perspectives, and combine those into distinct conclusions.”结合之前讲述了“刺猬”可知，此处表示考虑狐狸的观点。故选A。

(B)
In December, 43-year-old doctoral researcher Nina Jane Patel put on a headset and entered Meta’s virtual world to see what was happening that day. “Within seconds of being there, there were three avatars (虚拟替身) near me,” she says. “Suddenly they were taking selfies … I couldn’t see at first that they were touching the avatar’s upper body … They were yelling at me, ‘Don’t ___46___ you don’t like it, this is what you came for.’”
The incident took place in the metaverse (元宇宙) — an immersive virtual world accessed via wearable technology — in which tech groups expect us to spend a far greater proportion of time in the future, both playing and, ___47___, working.
When it comes to___48___, however, it is unclear what rules of engagement apply in a universal digital realm. What counts as harassment (骚扰) in the metaverse? Can an avatar be___49___ against, or worse? Will national legislation protect employees or does working in the metaverse require a(n)___50___ rule book altogether?
The global workforce has grown far more accustomed to working ___51___ in the past two years because of the Covid-19 pandemic and companies have already started experimenting with virtual reality in the workplace. Hilton hotel group, for example, uses it to train staff on how to handle guests. And last year Microsoft, in its first step towards ___52___ the physical and digital worlds of work, began rolling out a plan to enable workers to appear on its Teams collaboration software as avatars.
But the metaverse takes hybrid working a step further, and brings with it a host of tricky employment law issues. These range from practical challenges, such as how are employees paid, to more ___53___ ones, like whether avatars have a legal identity.
The physical world of work is regulated by ___54___ legal frameworks. In California, for example, workers can be fired with no notice, while in Holland, employees generally cannot be sacked without ____55____ from the court or Dutch employment agency. In the metaverse, ____56____, the national employment law that applies is not immediately obvious.
“In one sense, the metaverse is just another platform. And the fundamental principles of an employment relationship ____57____ regardless of platform,” says Jonathan Chamberlain, a partner at Gowling WLG. “Arguably, in the era of Teams and Zoom, many of us are already in it. But the employment relationship has until relatively recently been largely geographically ____58____; employment law is still largely country or state specific. You often cannot ____59____ your country’s statutory (法定的) employment protection system even if you — or your boss — wanted to.”
So far, no one has decided what legal framework should apply to a decentralised digital workspace, in which workers may be mobile, and geographically ____60____ from each other and the company they work for.
46. A. decide B. pretend C. reject D. hesitate
47. A. crucially B. expectedly C. relatively D. deliberately
48. A. corporate images B. virtual interactions C. employment laws D. public regulations
49 A. voted B. prejudiced C. fought D. weighed
50. A. outdated B. universal C. justified D. new
51. A. diligently B. efficiently C. cooperatively D. remotely
52. A. integrating B. distinguishing C. restoring D. eliminating
53. A. concrete B. philosophical C. academic D. emotional
54. A. national B. comprehensive C. flexible D. global
55. A. grant B. protest C. approval D. support
56. A. therefore B. however C. moreover D. otherwise
57. A. fade away B. remain hollow C. come up D. hold true
58. A. fixed B. labelled C. agreed D. signed
59. A. come up with B. opt out of C. get away with D. go in for
60. A. oriented B. dependent C. joined D. disconnected
【答案】46. C 47. A 48. C 49. B 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. B 54. A 55. C 56. B 57. D 58. A 59. B 60. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述在元宇宙中，打工人如何维护自己的权益。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要排斥你不喜欢，这就是你来的原因。A. decide决定；B. pretend假装；C. reject排斥；D. hesitate犹豫。根据下文“you don’t like it, this is what you came for.”可知，这里指即使不喜欢，也要接受，不能排斥。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：事件发生在元宇宙中—— 一个通过可穿戴技术访问的沉浸式虚拟世界——科技团体预计我们未来将在其中花费更多的时间，包括玩耍和（至关重要的）工作。A. crucially关键地；B. expectedly期待地；C. relatively相对地；D. deliberately故意地。根据上文“Don’t ___1___ you don’t like it, this is what you came for.”可知，工作是至关重要的。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查名词短语辨析。句意：然而，当涉及到雇佣法时，尚不清楚在普遍的数字领域中适用什么雇佣规则。A. corporate images企业形象；B. virtual interactions虚拟交互；C. employment laws雇佣法；D. public regulations公共法规。根据下文“it is unclear what rules of engagement apply in a universal digital realm”可知，这里指元宇宙中的雇佣法。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：化身是否会受到歧视，或者更糟？A. voted选举；B. prejudiced歧视；C. fought打架；D. weighed称重。根据下文“worse”可知，这里指在元宇宙工作中会发生的不好的事情，即化身是否会受到歧视。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：国家立法是否会保护员工，或者在元宇宙中工作是否需要一本通用规则书？A. outdated过时的；B. universal通用的；C. justified正当的；D. new新的。根据下文“altogether”可知，这里指在元宇宙工作中大家都会用的法律。故选B。
【51题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于新冠肺炎疫情的爆发，全球员工在过去两年中已经越来越习惯于远程工作，公司已经开始在工作场所试验虚拟现实。A. diligently勤奋地；B. efficiently高效地；C. cooperatively配合地；D. remotely远程地。根据下文“because of the Covid-19 pandemic and companies have already started experimenting with virtual reality in the workplace”可知，新冠肺炎疫情期间，员工们都是远程工作。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年，微软迈出了整合物理和数字工作世界的第一步，开始推出一项计划，使员工能够在其团队协作软件中作为化身出现。A. integrating整合；B. distinguishing区分；C. restoring恢复；D. eliminating消除。根据下文“began rolling out a plan to enable workers to appear on its Teams collaboration software as avatars”可知，微软整合了物理和数字工作。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些挑战从实际挑战，如员工的薪酬，到更具哲学意义的挑战，如化身是否具有合法身份。A. concrete具体的；B. philosophical哲学的；C. academic学术的；D. emotional情感的。根据上文“from practical challenges”可知，上下文是对应的，有实际的挑战，也有哲学意义的挑战。故选B。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：工作的物质世界受国家法律框架的制约。A. national国家的；B. comprehensive综合的；C. flexible灵活的；D. global全球的。根据上文“The physical world of work”可知，现实生活中，每个国家都有国家法律约束。故选A。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，在加州，工人可以在没有通知的情况下被解雇，而在荷兰，员工通常在没有法院或荷兰就业机构批准的情况下不能被解雇。A. grant拨款；B. protest抗议；C. approval批准；D. support支持。根据上文“while”可知，上下文是转折的关系，在加州，工人可以在没有通知的情况下被解雇，而在荷兰，员工通常在没有法院或荷兰就业机构批准的情况下不能被解雇。故选C。
【56题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在元宇宙中，适用的国家就业法并不立即明显。A. therefore因此；B. however然而；C. moreover而且；D. otherwise否则。根据上文“The physical world of work is regulated by ___9___ legal frameworks.”可知，这句话和上文是转折的关系。故选B。
【57题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：“在某种意义上，元宇宙只是另一个平台。无论平台如何，雇佣关系的基本原则在任何平台上都是成立的，”Gowling WLG合伙人Jonathan Chamberlain表示。A. fade away消退；B. remain hollow保持中空；C. come up出现；D. hold true同样适用。根据上文“In one sense, the metaverse is just another platform.”可知，在Jonathan Chamberlain看来，不管在哪里，雇佣关系的基本原则都是同样适用的。故选D。
【58题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但直到最近，雇佣关系在很大程度上在区域上是固定的；就业法在很大程度上仍然是国家或州具体的。A. fixed固定；B. labelled标签；C. agreed同意；D. signed签字。根据下文“employment law is still largely country or state specific”可知，雇佣关系在很大程度上在区域上是固定的。故选A。
【59题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：通常情况下，即使你或你的老板想要退出本国的法定就业保护体系，你也无法选择退出。A. come up with想出；B. opt out of选择退出；C. get away with逃脱惩罚；D. go in for参加。根据上文“employment law is still largely country or state specific.”可知，每个国家都有雇佣法，所以每个人都不可能退出这个系统。故选B。
【60题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，还没有人决定什么样的法律框架应该适用于分散的数字工作空间，在这种工作空间中，员工可能是移动的，但是在地理上与彼此以及他们工作的公司都是分离的。A. oriented面向……的；B. dependent依赖的；C. joined联合的；D. disconnected不联系的。根据上文“geographically”可知，这里指在数字工作空间，人们在地理位置上都是没有联系的。故选D。

Section B (2’ ´ 15 = 30’)
Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Tens of thousands of ancient pictures carved into the rocks at one of France’s most important tourist sites are being gradually destroyed. Scientists and researchers fear that the 36,000 drawings on rocks in Mont Bego in the French Alps are being damaged so rapidly that they will not survive for future generations.
The mountain, believed to have once been a site for prayer and worship, has 4,000-year-old drawings cut into bare rock. They include pictures of cows, cultivated fields and various gods and goddesses. But as the popularity of the site increases, the pictures are being ruined by thoughtless graffiti (涂鸦).
Jean Clottes is the chairman of the International Committee on Rock Art. He says, “People think that because the pictures have been there so long they will always continue to be there. But if the damage continues as this rate there will be nothing left in 50 years.”
He describes seeing tourists stamping on the drawings, wearing away the rock and definition of the artwork as they do so. Some visitors, he says, even chop off parts to take home as souvenirs.
“When people think they can’t take a good enough photograph, they rub the drawings to get a clearer picture,” he said. “The drawings are polished by the weather, and if the sun is shining and the visitors can’t see them properly they simply rub them to make them look fresher.”
But experts are divided over the best way to preserve the drawings. Henry de Lumley, director of the Museum of Natural History in Paris, believes that the only way to save the site is to turn the whole mountain into a “no-go” area, preventing the public from going there except on guided tours.
Clottes disagrees. “The measure proposed by Henry de Lumley is the most severe, and while it is the most effective, it is also certain to bring about protests from people who live there,” he said. “The site was classified as a historic monument years ago by the Ministry of Culture, and we must do as much as possible to save what is there.”
61. What does the pronoun “they” (in the last sentence of paragraph 1) refer to?
A. The rocks. B. The French Alps. C. The drawings. D. The tourist sites.
62. Jean Clottes says that people who visit the mountain __________.
A. do not believe the drawings are old
B. believe they are allowed to paint there
C. think the drawings should be left alone
D. assume the drawings will not change
63. Henry de Lumley is keen to __________.
A. set up research projects B. safeguard public rights
C. keep out individual visitors D. ban traffic in the area
64. Clottes disagrees to Henry de Lumley’s suggestion because he thinks ___________________.
A. he has a better idea B. it is unlikely to work
C. visitors will protest against it D. it will annoy local people
【答案】61. C 62. D 63. C 64. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在法国最重要的旅游景点之一的岩石上雕刻的数万幅古代图画正在逐渐被破坏，以及专家们对保存这些画作的最佳方式存在分歧。
【61题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Scientists and researchers fear that the 36,000 drawings on rocks in Mont Bego in the French Alps are being damaged so rapidly(科学家和研究人员担心，法国阿尔卑斯山脉贝戈山岩石上的36000幅图画正在迅速受损)”可知，they为代词，指代前文提到的人或物，此处是指法国阿尔卑斯山脉贝戈山岩石上的36000幅图画。故选C项。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Jean Clottes is the chairman of the International Committee on Rock Art. He says, “People think that because the pictures have been there so long they will always continue to be there. But if the damage continues as this rate there will be nothing left in 50 years.”(Jean Clottes是国际岩石艺术委员会主席。他说：“人们认为，因为这些图画已经在那里很久了，所以它们会一直在那里。但如果破坏以这样速度继续下去，50年后就什么都不剩了。”)”可知，Jean Clottes说，参观这座山的游客以为这些图画会一直在那里，不会改变。故选D项。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Henry de Lumley, director of the Museum of Natural History in Paris, believes that the only way to save the site is to turn the whole mountain into a “no-go” area, preventing the public from going there except on guided tours.(巴黎自然历史博物馆馆长亨利·德·拉姆利(Henry de Lumley)认为，拯救该遗址的唯一方法是将整座山变成“禁入区”，除了有导游的游客外，公众不得前往)”可知，亨利·德·拉姆利希望将整座山变成“禁入区”，除了有导游的游客外，个人禁止入内。故选C项。
【64题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Clottes disagrees. “The measure proposed by Henry de Lumley is the most severe, and while it is the most effective, it is also certain to bring about protests from people who live there,” he said.(Clottes不同意。“亨利·德·拉姆利提出的措施是最严厉的，虽然是最有效的，但也肯定会引起当地居民的抗议，”他说)”可知，Clottes不同意Henry de Lumley的建议，因为他认为这肯定会引起当地居民的抗议。故选D项。
(B)

We understand that in light of the latest government CORONAVIRUS TRAVEL ADVICE, your travel plans will be changing. To reflect this, some terms & conditions for refunding tickets or changing journeys are different to usual.
Refunds on Unused Tickets for Travel
• You can apply for refunds up to four weeks from the last day that the ticket was valid.
• Unused Anytime, Off-Peak and Super Off-Peak tickets can be refunded and a service fee applies. Advance tickets are not refundable. Alternatively, you can change your ticket io travel at a later date — See 'Changing Tickets or Requesting a Travel Voucher' below.
• PLEASE NOTE that if the train you are booked on docs not ran or is canceled due to irresistible forces, refund： will be made on ALL TICKETS TYPES with no service fee.
If you are uncertain about travelling, you may wish to consider purchasing a more flexible ticket — such as Anytime or Off-Peak - for travel.
Changing Tickets or Requesting a Travel Voucher
• If you bought an Advance ticket before the National Lockdown was announced on 4lh January and will no longer be travelling, you should apply for a travel voucher or reschedule your journey free of charge. You need to do this be lore your first train departs and pay the difference if your new ticket is more expensive. Please note you will not be entitled to a travel voucher if your Advance ticket was purchased after 4lh Jan. Speak to the original retailer of your ticket for advice.
• Anytime, Off-Peak and Super Off-Peak tickets are more flexible and can be changed any time before you travel There is no fee to change these tickets. you will only need to pay any difference in fare.
Refunding Season Tickets
•Unexpired(未逾期的)Season Tickets can be submitted for refund at any time and train companies calculate how much is refunded by bow much value is left on your ticket, they do this by deducting (扣除)the value of any other tickets you could have travelled with in the same lime until you stopped using and return your Season Ticket Refunds can only be backdated with evidence that illness prevented you from travelling. (National Rail Conditions of Travel. Condition 40.4).
• To see how much you could get back from your Season Ticket, try the Season Ticket Refund Calculator below. For more information, including if you require a refund due to sickness that prevented you from using a Season Ticket see the link here,
• Customers can still claim refunds remotely online, minimizing contact between customers and staffs keeping everyone safer. Please see your retailer's website for details.
Travelling on Another Train Company's Service
• In areas where there is cancellation, train companies may agree acceptance of tickets routed via another company For more details, please contact your rail service provider.
65. Passengers are entitled to their money back on________.
A. Anytime tickets completely free of charge B. Oil-Peak tickets with no restrictions
C. Advance tickets for their train not running D. Super Off-Peaks that went invalid for half a year
66. A Season ticket holds more refundable value only when________.
A. train companies refuse to calculate the value that is left on it
B. you formally apply to cease using the ticket and hand it back
C. you use the Season Ticket Refund Calculator on the website
D. the proof is given that you were unable to travel due to illness
67. We can learn from the passage that ________ .
A. Advance tickets purchased after Jan. 4th can also be rescheduled
B. passengers with a fixed timetable are advised to buy Anytime tickets
C. safer approaches to refund have been introduced to limit physical contact
D. service from another train company is not available if your train get cancelled
【答案】65. C 66. D 67. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在疫情期间退票或改程的一些条款和条件。
【65题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三个黑点“• PLEASE NOTE that if the train you are booked on docs not ran or is canceled due to irresistible forces, refund： will be made on ALL TICKETS TYPES with no service fee.”（•请注意，如果您在单据上预订的列车没有运行或由于不可抗拒的力量而被取消，所有类型的车票都将获得退款，不收取服务费。）可知，火车停运时，乘客有权凭预售票退票。故选C项。
【66题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第四个黑点“Unexpired(未逾期的)Season Tickets can be submitted for refund at any time and train companies calculate how much is refunded by bow much value is left on your ticket, they do this by deducting (扣除)the value of any other tickets you could have travelled with in the same lime until you stopped using and return your Season. Refunds can only be backdated with evidence that illness prevented you from travelling. (未到期的季票可以随时提交退款，火车公司通过你的车票上还剩多少钱计算退款多少，他们会扣除你在同一线路上可能使用的任何其他车票的价钱计算剩余的钱，直到你停止使用并退掉你的季票，只有有证据表明你因生病而不能旅行时，才能退钱。）”可知，只有当你证明你因病不能旅行时，季票才有更多的可退还价值。故选D项。
【67题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二个黑点“Customers can still claim refunds remotely online, minimizing contact between customers and staffs keeping everyone safer.”（客户仍然可以远程在线申请退款，减少客户和员工之间的联系，确保每个人都更安全。）可知，为了限制身体接触，已经引入了更安全的退款方法。故选C项。
(C)
An argument will break down if one of the premises is not true or if the conclusion does not logically follow from them. For example, consider this argument:
The deer population in our state should be preserved. During the hunting season hundreds of deer are killed. Therefore, the hunting season should be discontinued.
To challenge this argument, the state’s wildlife commission might agree with both the major and minor premises but question whether the conclusion follows logically from them. True, the deer population should be preserved; true, deer are killed during the hunting season. However, in a state where deer have no natural enemies, herds become too large for the natural forest vegetation to support them. The overpopulated herds eat the leaves of the young trees, killing the trees, before dying of starvation themselves. The commission might conclude, therefore, that a limited hunting season helps preserve a healthier and more stable population of deer.
People who already agree with you need no persuasion, although a well-argued case for their own point of view is always welcome. But indifferent and doubting people will tend to resist your argument because they have minds of their own. To convince them, you will need to refute(驳斥)opposing arguments.
To give up a position that seems reasonable, the arguer has to see that there is an even more reasonable one. In addition to presenting your own case, review the chief arguments of the other side and explain what you think is wrong with them.
It is the best way to deal with the other side. Often it is useful to summarize the opposing position. Sometimes a better plan is to anticipate objections as you develop your detailed reasons for your argument. Wherever you decide to deal with opposing arguments, do your best to refute them.
As you refute opposition arguments, try to establish common ground with readers who at first do not agree with your views. If you can show that you share their values, they may be able to switch to your position without giving up what they feel is important. For example, to persuade people emotionally opposed to shooting helpless deer, a state wildlife commission would have to show that it too cares about preserving deer and does not want them to die needlessly. Having established these values in common, the commission might be able to persuade people that a carefully controlled hunting season is good for the deer population because it prevents starvation caused by over-population. However, if those opposed to hunting want to persuade the commission to ban the hunting season, they would need to show that the commission could achieve its goals by some other means, such as expanding the deer preserve or allowing the deer and the food supply to come into a natural balance.
68. What does the underlined word premises mean in the first paragraph?
A. establishments B. commercials
C. assumptions D. prejudices
69. By killing some deer, we ________.
A. have the hunting season B. make the hunters happy
C. protect the rest of the herds D. create their natural enemies
70. It is suggested that you ________ before refuting the opposing argument.
A. present your case first B. summarize the position of the other side
C. review your own views D. pretend to be indifferent
71. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. One may give up a position when he sees a more reasonable one.
B. You’d better anticipate the possible objections before you give your reasons
C. Deer should be preserved but overpopulation will do harm to them.
D. Those opposed to hunting don’t have good reasons
【答案】68. C 69. C 70. B 71. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章以狩猎季禁止捕猎的论断为例说明了，在反驳对方的论点之前，要先总结一下对方的立场，由此说服别人，认同自己的观点。
【68题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后的句子“if the conclusion does not logically follow from them(结论不能从它们逻辑上得出)”可知，此处的them指代前文的划线词premises，此处的表示结论的出处，即结论出自于假设，故划线词与C选项assumptions为同义词，意为“假设”。故选C。
【69题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“However, in a state where deer have no natural enemies, herds become too large for the natural forest vegetation to support them. The overpopulated herds eat the leaves of the young trees, killing the trees, before dying of starvation themselves. ( 然而，在一个鹿没有天敌的州，鹿群变得太大，自然森林植被无法养活它们。数量过剩的鹿群吃了小树的叶子，树的数量减少，然后自己饿死了。)”可知，通过猎杀鹿群可以保护其他物种。故选C。
【70题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Often it is useful to summarize the opposing position. Sometimes a better plan is to anticipate objections as you develop your detailed reasons for your argument. Wherever you decide to deal with opposing arguments, do your best to refute them.(总结对方的立场通常是有用的。有时一个更好的计划是在你为你的论点提出详细理由的时候预见到反对意见。无论你决定在什么地方对付相反的论点，尽你最大的努力去反驳它们。)”可知，在反驳对方的论点之前，建议你先总结一下对方的立场。故选B。
【71题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However, if those opposed to hunting want to persuade the commission to ban the hunting season, they would need to show that the commission could achieve its goals by some other means, such as expanding the deer preserve or allowing the deer and the food supply to come into a natural balance.(然而，如果那些反对狩猎的人想要说服委员会禁止狩猎季节，他们就需要证明委员会可以通过其他手段实现其目标，比如扩大鹿保护区或允许鹿和食物供应达到自然平衡。)”可知，那些反对狩猎的人会通过其他手段比如扩大鹿保护区或允许鹿和食物供应达到自然平衡来实现其目标即可推断那些反对狩猎的人有充分的理由去实现自己的目标说服委员会。D选项与文意相反，为错误选项。故选D。

(D)
Directions：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Discovering the Lost City
Sixty miles south, in Cusco, Hiram Bingham gazed thoughtfully at the old Incan stone wall. He had come to this place in search of Vilcapampa, the lost city of the Inca. But right here was the most beautiful stonework he had ever seen-huge stones cut so perfectly that not even a razor blade could be slipped between them.
The Inca had no iron tools to carve them, no wheel or animals to move them. The wall had endured time and earthquakes.___72___
It was a mystery.
He walked through the cobbled streets of the old capital, Cusco. The Spanish had come to this city, conquered the Inca, taken their gold, and built churches over their temples. Suddenly, he stopped. Before him was the famous Temple of the Sun. He placed his hands on the sun-warmed stones so beautifully carved, as if they had grown together.
___73___Would it hold gold and riches like the Spanish had found in Cusco? More than ever he was determined to find that city.
The next day Bingham began his search. He would look for ruins-that might be the key. He and his party, accompanied by the military man Sergeant Carrasco, left for the holy valley of the Urubamba River. They came to the sleepy old village in the valley, long ago an important city.
“Are there any ruins nearby?” Bingham asked. “Do you know of the lost city of Vilcapampa?” No one knew of it. Traveling north, the adventurers came upon a remote and wild canyon. In the distance were snowcapped mountains over three miles high.___74___Bingham’s determination to find the lost city grew with each turn of the increasingly wild path.
Far below in the valley, Bingham’s party camped on a sandy beach alongside the thundering rapids of the Urubamba River. Days had gone by. No one knew of any ruins.
___75___
This time, through the interpreter, the farmer said, “Yes. There are very good ruins on top of the mountain called Machu Picchu.” The farmer pointed straight up.
“Can you take us there?” Bingham asked.
...
A. Hidden in the mountains, the lost city would be built of stones like these.
B. What could he be thinking!
C. But now the adventurers aroused the curiosity of a local farmer named Arteaga.
D. How had they built them!
E. Cliffs rose thousands of feet above the roaring rapids of the Urubamba River.
F. Suddenly, the clouds drifted away and there it was.
【答案】72. D 73. A 74. E 75. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Hiram Bingham探寻失落的印加城市的故事，记叙了一路上的所见所闻所感。
【72题详解】
根据上文“The Inca had no iron tools to carve them, no wheel or animals to move them. The wall had endured time and earthquakes.(印加人没有铁制的工具来雕刻它们，也没有轮子或动物来移动它们。这堵墙经受了时间和地震的考验)”以及下一段“It was a mystery.(这是一个谜)”可知，上文提到了印加人雕刻的困难，后文则说是一个谜，可推测本句是在描述他们如何建造这些石墙的。故D选项“他们到底是如何建造它们的！”符合语境，故选D。
【73题详解】
根据上一段“He walked through the cobbled streets of the old capital, Cusco. The Spanish had come to this city, conquered the Inca, taken their gold, and built churches over their temples. Suddenly, he stopped. Before him was the famous Temple of the Sun. He placed his hands on the sun-warmed stones so beautifully carved, as if they had grown together.(他走在古首都库斯科的鹅卵石街道上。西班牙人来到这座城市，征服了印加人，掠夺了他们的黄金，在他们的庙宇上建造了教堂。突然，他停了下来。在他面前的是著名的太阳神庙。他把手放在那些被阳光晒得暖暖的石头上，它们雕刻得如此美丽，仿佛它们是生长在一起的)”以及后文“Would it hold gold and riches like the Spanish had found in Cusco? More than ever he was determined to find that city.(它会像西班牙人在库斯科发现的那样藏有黄金和财富吗？他比以往任何时候都更下定决心要找到那座城市)”可知，上文提到了抚摸那些被太阳晒得暖暖的石头，后文则是在内心设想一些关于石头的问题，可推测本句是在说明这些石头的情况，A选项中stones like these对应上文中the sun-warmed stones。故A选项“隐藏在山里的失落之城就是用这样的石头建造的”符合语境，故选A。
【74题详解】
根据上文““Are there any ruins nearby?” Bingham asked. “Do you know of the lost city of Vilcapampa?” No one knew of it. Traveling north, the adventurers came upon a remote and wild canyon. In the distance were snowcapped mountains over three miles high.(“附近有废墟吗？” Bingham问道。“你知道失落的Vilcapampa城吗？”没有人知道这件事。向北旅行时，探险者们来到了一个遥远而荒凉的峡谷。远处是三英里多高的雪山)”以及后文“Far below in the valley, Bingham’s party camped on a sandy beach alongside the thundering rapids of the Urubamba River.(在山谷深处，Bingham一行人在Urubamba河激流边的沙滩上扎营)”可知，上文提到了探险者们来到了峡谷，看到了雪山，且后文提到了Urubamba河，可推测本句承接上文继续说明他们的所见所闻，故E选项“悬崖耸立在数千英尺高的Urubamba河咆哮的急流之上”符合语境，故选E。
【75题详解】
根据后文“This time, through the interpreter, the farmer said, “Yes. There are very good ruins on top of the mountain called Machu Picchu.” The farmer pointed straight up.(这一次，农夫通过翻译说：“是的。在马丘比丘山顶有很好的遗址。”农夫直接指着上面)”可知，后文提到了一位农民在给他们指路，C选项中a local farmer对应后文中the farmer。故C选项“但是现在这些冒险家引起了当地一个叫阿蒂亚加的农民的好奇心”符合语境，故选C。

第II卷
Section A (2’ ´10 = 20’)
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs.
Dr Stewart Adams, the man who discovered ibuprofen (布洛芬，退烧药), died on January 30, 2019, at the Queen’s Medical Centre in Nottingham. He was 95. The following was taken from an interview with him about how his discovery of ibuprofen came about.
It was about 2:30 pm on Tuesday December 19, 1961, ___76___ there was a knock on the door. A technician entered the office of Dr Stewart Adams at Boots’ research laboratories in Nottingham with the latest data from ongoing trials. It was just ___77___ he wanted to see. The compound being tested against others, including aspirin, had successfully reduced or eliminated signs of any inflammation (炎症). This was the first indication ___78___ the research, begun five years earlier, might pay off.
The year 1956 ___79___(be) the beginning of the search for a drug that would relieve rheumatoid arthritis (类风湿关节炎), traditionally treated with large doses of aspirin. Dr Adams had a hunch (直觉，预感) about ___80___ compounds to test and narrowed them down over five years.
A group of compounds called carboxyls (羧基) ___81___(prove) particularly interesting to Dr Adams’ team. His colleague, John Nicholson, found a number, but one caught their attention. Dr Adams said: “Of several hundred, we picked out the best, sent it for clinical trial — but it wasn’t active in rheumatoid arthritis.”
It was a major setback for Dr Adams and his colleagues, but they were undiminished in their determination. The researchers made a slight chemical modification to the compounds and moved into a new group of compounds, propionics (丙酸), ___82___ were discovered by Boots.
Of all the compounds, Compound 1472 had produced little or no inflammation during a test carried out. A similar test ___83___(run) two days later using the same compound, 1472. As modest doses were stepped up, there was still no or reduced inflammation. Drug development takes time and is expensive. It was 30 months ___84___ ibuprofen became a product candidate at Boots.
During the 1970s Boots tested ibuprofen for further properties and it was marketed for dental pain, period pain and headaches. In 1983, it became the first drug to move from prescription only to over-the-counter. The big smile arrived when ibuprofen was approved for sale over-the-counter by the Food and Drug Agency in the United States _____85_____ the need for a doctor’s prescription. It was to rank alongside aspirin and paracetamol (对乙酰氨基酚) for its properties as an analgesic (止痛) and is regarded as more effective.
【答案】76. when
77. what 78. that
79. was 80. which
81. proved 82. which
83. was run
84. before 85. without
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了布洛芬被发明的故事。
【76题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：1961年12月19日星期二下午2点30分左右，有人敲门。分析句子结构和意思可知，___1___ there was a knock on the door是定语从句，先行词2:30 pm on Tuesday December 19, 1961在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故填when。
【77题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：那正好是他想要看到的。分析句子结构和意思可知，___2___ he wanted to see是表语从句，从句中缺少动词see的宾语，指物，“什么”的意思，用连接词what引导。故填what。
【78题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：这是五年前开始的这项研究可能获得回报的第一个迹象。分析句子结构和意思可知，___3___ the research, begun five years earlier, might pay off是同位语从句，从句句意完整、成分齐全，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。
【79题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：1956年是寻找缓解类风湿关节炎药物的开始，传统上用大剂量阿司匹林治疗。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，所以谓语用一般过去时。主语是The year 1956，be动词用was。故填was。
【80题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：亚当斯博士预感到要测试哪些化合物，并在五年内缩小了范围。分析句子结构和意思可知，___5___ compounds to test是宾语从句，从句中缺少定语，修饰后面的名词compounds，意为“哪些”，用which引导。故填which。
【81题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：亚当斯博士的团队对一组叫做羧基的化合物特别感兴趣。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，所以谓语用一般过去时。故填proved。
【82题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：研究人员对这些化合物进行了轻微的化学修饰，并加入了一组新的化合物，即布茨发现的丙酸。分析句子结构和意思可知，___7___ were discovered by Boots是非限制性定语从句，先行词propionics在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【83题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：两天后使用相同的化合物1472进行了类似的测试。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，所以谓语用一般过去时。句子主语A similar test和动词run是被动的关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态结构，主语是A similar test，be动词用was。故填was run。
【84题详解】
考查时间状语从句。句意：30个月后，布洛芬才成为Boots的候选产品。分析句子结构和意思可知，___9___ ibuprofen became a product candidate at Boots是时间状语从句，需要表示“在……之前”的意思，用连接词before引导。故填before。
【85题详解】
考查介词。句意：当布洛芬被美国食品和药物管理局批准在非处方药中销售而无需医生处方时，人们露出了灿烂的笑容。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要表示“没有”对应的介词without。故填without。

Section B (2’ ´ 10 = 20’)
Directions: Complete the following sentences with the help of the Chinese given.
86. Cristiano Ronaldo urged his long-time rival Lionel Messi to ____________________(将体能推到极限，push) and play the next World Cup.(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】push his stamina to the limit
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多敦促他的长期竞争对手莱昂内尔· 梅西将体能推到极限并且参加下一届世界杯。固定搭配push … to the limit意为“把……推到极限”与前面的不定式符号to构成不定式短语，作宾语补足语,表示“体能” 应用名词stamina，作push的宾语。故填push his stamina to the limit。
87. The animated version of The Three-Body Problem, which ____________________(改编自畅销科幻小说，adapt), met mixed responses from the audience since its release in December. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】was adapted from a best-selling science fiction novel
【解析】
【详解】考查句意，主谓一致，动词时态和语态。句意：动画版《三体》改编自畅销科幻小说，自去年12月上映以来，观众的反应褒贬不一。根据句意和中英文提示可知，空格处应填“改编自畅销科幻小说”并使用动词“adapt”。be adapted from“根据……改编”，逗号后为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The animated version of The Three-Body Problem，故从句谓语动词应使用单数形式。结合下文时态，此处时态应该使用一般过去时。故填was adapted from a best-selling science fiction novel。
88. This year, Hangzhou will host a series of Southern Song-themed activities and exhibitions to ____________________(重现宋朝文化，bring) and help residents explore citywide cultural heritages and popularize historic knowledge among young generations. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】bring Song Dynasty culture back to life
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和名词。句意：今年，杭州将举办一系列南宋主题活动和展览，让宋代文化重现生机，帮助居民发掘全市文化遗产，并在年轻一代中普及历史知识。表示“重现”应用动词短语bring...back to life；表示“宋朝”应用专有名词Song Dynasty；表示“文化”应用名词culture。故答案为bring Song Dynasty culture back to life。
89. Another press conference was held ____________________(为了警告人们防范，purpose) the danger of drug overdose. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】with the purpose of warning people to prevent

【解析】
【详解】考查介词，名词，动词和短语。句意：又举行了一次新闻发布会，为了警告人们防范药物过量的危险。表示“为了”应用介词短语with the purpose of；表示“警告”应用动词warn；表示“人们”应用名词people；表示“防范”应用动词prevent；故答案为with the purpose of warning people to prevent。
90. The athlete ____________________(经历了漫长的康复过程，go) before he appeared in the Winter Olympics again. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】had gone through a long rehabilitation process
【解析】
【详解】考查名词，动词，形容词，短语和时态。句意：这位运动员在再次参加冬奥会之前经历了漫长的康复过程。表示“经历”应用动词短语go through；表示“漫长的”应用形容词long；表示“康复”应用名词rehabilitation；表示“过程”应用名词process；分析句子结构和意思可知，主句动作go through发生在从句谓语appeared之前，所以用过去完成时。故答案为had gone through a long rehabilitation process。
91. The destruction of the rainforest in that area ____________________(会导致对生态系统的巨大影响，bring). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】will bring a huge impact on the ecosystem
【解析】
【详解】考查名词，动词，形容词，介词，短语和时态。句意：那个区域热带雨林的毁坏将会导致对生态系统的巨大影响。表示“会”应用情态动词will；表示“生态系统”应用名词ecosystem；表示“巨大的”应用形容词huge；表示“导致对……的影响”应用动词短语bring an impact on。故填will bring a huge impact on the ecosystem。
92. The prime minister ____________________(下定了决心实施，mind) the reform of higher education. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】has made up his mind to implement
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：首相已下定决心实施高等教育改革。根据提要要求，需翻译“下定了决心实施”，且需用到mind，所以此处应用固定动词短语：make up one’s mind to do sth.意为“下定决心做某事”，描述的是过去的动作持续到现在并且已经完成，所以应该用现在完成时，“实施”译为“implement”。故填has made up his mind to implement。
93. Some patients ____________________(不一定会觉得没有胃口，suffer); instead, they claimed to be hungry all the time. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】didn’t necessarily suffer the loss of appetite
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构，时态和动词。句意：一些病人并不会觉得没有胃口；相反，他们声称一直都很饿。根据句意和英汉提示，空格处应填“不一定会觉得没有胃口”且使用动词“suffer”, suffer此处为及物动词，the loss of appetite(没有胃口)作宾语，由下文“claimed(声称)”可知句子应使用一般过去时。故填didn’t necessarily suffer the loss of appetite。
94. To the prosecutor’s(检察官) disappointment, ____________________(所有的目击证词都未能指出重点，point) of who was the mastermind of the armed robbery. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】all the eyewitness testimonies missed the point
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构，时态，主谓一致和名词。句意：令检察官失望的是，所有目击者的证词都没有指出谁是持械抢劫的主谋。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空格处应填“所有的目击证词都未能指出重点”并利用名词“point”。通过分析句子成分可知，空格处应填主谓宾结构，all the eyewitness testimonies(所有的目击证词)作主语，missed作谓语，the point作宾语。时态应该用一般过去时态。故填all the eyewitness testimonies missed the point。
95. The doctors and nurses ____________________(冒着被感染这种致命疾病的风险，risk) to save these refugees. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】risked contracting the deadly disease
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：医生和护士冒着被感染这种致命疾病的风险去救这些难民。根据句意可知空格处应填“冒着被感染这种致命疾病的风险”且需使用单词“risk”，“冒险做某事”risk doing sth，“感染致命的疾病”contract the deadly disease。根据语境推测动词应使用一般过去时。故填risked contracting the deadly disease。

Section C (3’+3’+4’=10’)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
96. 我觉得很有必要给这个孩子一个教训，他不能把过错甩锅到父母身上。(blame) (汉译英)
【答案】I feel it necessary to teach the child a lesson that he can’t blame his parents for his mistakes.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，固定搭配和同位语从句。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。“我觉得很有必要给这个孩子一个教训”中，“觉得”为动词feel，“有必要的”为形容词necessary，“给某人一个教训”为teach sb. a lesson，“感觉做某事是……”为固定句型，feel it+形容词+to do，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式，所以“我觉得很有必要给这个孩子一个教训”翻译为I feel it necessary to teach the child a lesson，“他不能把过错甩锅到父母身上”是“教训”的具体内容，所以为同位语从句，“把某事的责任归咎于某人”为短语blame sb. for sth.，“过错”指的是“他的过错”翻译为his mistakes，“父母”译为his parents，“他不能把过错甩锅到父母身上”翻译为he can’t blame his parents for his mistakes，从句句意完整不缺少任何成分，应用that来引导同位语从句，故整句翻译为I feel it necessary to teach the child a lesson that he can’t blame his parents for his mistakes.
97. 无论你将来选择怎样的专业，我希望你不要被迫做出一个你会后悔的决定。(push) (汉译英)
【答案】Whatever major you choose in the future, I hope you won't be pushed to make a decision you'll regret.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句和宾语从句和定语从句。中文句子中“无论你将来选择怎样的专业”是状语部分，使用whatever引导状语从句，翻译为“Whatever major you choose in the future”，而第二部分由“我希望”后面接一个宾语从句，在宾语从句中“决定”前有修饰语“你会后悔的”，可以使用限制性定语从句对decision进行修饰。提示词“push对应的是“被迫”。故译为Whatever major you choose in the future, I hope you won't be pushed to make a decision you'll regret.
98. 今天的年轻人要坚定地站在人类文明进步的一边，努力为人类和平与发展事业贡献智慧。(contribute) (汉译英)
【答案】Today’s young people should firmly stand on the side of the progress of human civilization and strive to contribute wisdom to the cause of human peace and development.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词，动词，副词，介词，连词，短语和时态。表示“今天的”应用名词today的所有格形式；表示“年轻人”应用名词短语young people；表示“要”应用情态动词should；表示“坚定地”应用副词firmly；表示“人类文明”应用名词短语human civilization；表示“进步”应用名词progress；表示“站”应用动词stand；表示“在的一边”应用介词短语on the side of；表示“努力”应用动词短语strive to do；表示“人类”应用名词human；表示“和平”应用名词peace；表示“与”应用连词and；表示“发展”应用名词development；表示“事业”应用名词cause；表示“为……贡献”应用动词短语contribute…to；表示“智慧”应用名词wisdom；这句话描述的是现在的事情，谓语用一般现在时。故翻译为Today’s young people should firmly stand on the side of the progress of human civilization and strive to contribute wisdom to the cause of human peace and development.