2023 英语新中考二轮复习热点透析 核心考点10 完形填空之说明文

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核心考点10  完形填空之说明文一、考向分析中考完形填空抛弃了传统的语法知识型”命题模式转变成，情境能力型”的命题趋势。它的一个显著特点就是实出语篇，即重在文意的干扰，把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去，考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。二、考点详解1. 快速弄清文章大意。对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。2. 弄清楚说明的顺序。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。4. 注重上下文语境应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：（1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。（2）语法正确。从语法的角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。（3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。（4）符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。三、真题再现1、【2020·宜兴外国语学校初三月考】Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like brains are showing a bit and that can be upsetting.   1   , research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid（避免）those moments.Focus on the  2   .People who regularly made plans and looked forward to the coming events had a 50 percent reduced enhance of Alzheimer’s disease（早老性痴呆症），according to a recent study. But don’t   3   if your plan isn’t filled with life-changing events. Something as simple as setting a goal to have weekly coffee date with a friend will do. There’s proof that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better. That is, keep your brain looking forward.Go for a walk.Raised glucose（葡萄糖）levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories.   4   activity can help get blood glucose down to normal（正常）levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain.   5   , when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.Learn something new.Take a French class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards. A study found that mental stimulation（大脑刺激）limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind. But what is best for your brain is that you keep physically   6   at the same time when learning something new. It can be something like learning gardening, or going dancing with your friends.1．A．Sadly B．Seriously C．Luckily D．Finally2．A．future B．brain C．behavior D．illness3．A．argue B．worry C．frighten D．hesitate4．A．Physical B．Public C．Powerful D．Pleasant5．A．At last B．In addition C．So far D．In other words6．A．fit B．active C．safe D．tired2、（2021·山东潍坊·中考真题）Space suits don’t just make astronauts look cool. Without these ___1___ suits, astronauts wouldn’t be able to leave their spaceship. That is to say, they wouldn’t be able to ___2___ on the Moon or work outside the International Space Station.Space is a ___3___ place for human beings. Firstly, there is no air to breathe. Secondly, space also has high levels of radiation(辐射), energy that can pass through our bodies and make us ___4___. Thirdly, some parts of space are really cold ___5___ other parts are very hot. So astronauts could die in just a few seconds if they ___6___ outside their spaceship without their suits. With a space suit, though, astronauts can move around in space for several hours.Space suits keep astronauts ___7___ sealed(密封的) inside. A backpack sends O2 in to let astronauts breathe normally. At the same time, the CO2 ___8___ astronauts breathe out is sucked away. The suit also protects them from harmful radiation and fast-moving space dust. ___9___ the space suit is another suit that looks like a pair of tight pajamas(睡衣) with little pipes running through them. Water runs through these pipes to ___10___ astronauts because wearing a space suit can make astronauts very hot!1．A．private B．special C．plastic D．expensive2．A．run B．walk C．live D．surf3．A．funny B．natural C．beautiful D．dangerous4．A．sick B．bored C．strong D．Relaxed5．A．after B．since C．before D．while6．A．rushed B．jumped C．stepped D．escaped7．A．safely B．quickly C．quietly D．terribly8．A．who B．this C．that D．whether9．A．Above B．Under C．Behind D．Between10．A．wash away B．warm up C．cool off D．clean out3、【2020·北京宣武】Hello，I'm Kate. This is my room. It is my desk.   1  on the desk？It's my radio. The   2   is blue. Blue is      3   favorite（最喜欢的）color. This is my schoolbag. A hat，a photo and four CDs   4   in it. The   5   is from my mother. It's yellow. The photo is from my father. It's a   6   of my family. The   7   CDs are from Grace. Grace is a nice   8  . She is my friend. This is my bed. What are under it？Oh，  9   are my baseball and model plane. The baseball is  10   and the model plane is red，too. The model plane is my favorite toy.1．A．Where's B．Where C．What's D．What2．A．radio B．bed C．chair D．schoolbag3．A．her B．his C．my D．your4．A．be B．am C．is D．are5．A．desk B．hat C．baseball D．CD6．A．photo B．game C．card D．tape7．A．two B．three C．four D．five8．A．teacher B．girl C．daughter D．aunt9．A．they B．we C．you D．this10．A．yellow B．blue C．red D．white4、（2021·江苏盐城·中考真题）Red Packets in Chinese CultureGiving Hongbao (red packets) is a tradition in China. Traditional red pockets are often decorated with gold Chinese characters（汉字）, such as __1__ and wealth.How red packets are usedDuring Chinese New Year, __2__ is (are) put inside red packets which are then handed out to younger generations by their parents, grandparents, relatives, and even close neighbours and friends.The __3___Red represents luck and good fortune in Chinese culture. That is _4__ red packets are used during Chinese New Year and other celebrations. How to give and receiveGiving and receiving red packets is a __5__ act. Therefore, red packets are always __6__ and received with both hands. Someone who receives a red packet at Chinese New Year or on his or her birthday should not __7__ it in front of the giver. _8__, things are different at a Chinese wedding, where the guests usually give the red packets to the attendants and sign __9__ names on a large scroll ( long piece of paper). The attendants will open the packets at once, __10__ the money inside, and record it on a register（登记簿） next to the guests’ names. The amount（数量）The amount of money is relative to your relationship to the person who receives-the __11__your relationship is, the more money is expected. Anyway, it is not the amount of the money that matters, but the care and love you hold for others .What not to giftCertain amounts of money are to be __12__. Anything with a four is not good because four sounds similar to _13__ in Chinese. Even numbers（偶数）, except four, are better than odd-as good things are believed to come in __14__. For example, gifting ＄20 is better than ＄21.The money inside a red packet should __15__ be new. Folding the money or giving dirty or wrinkled bills is in bad taste. Hongbao is a symbol of love from others, as well as a sign of good luck.1．A．praise B．dream C．happiness D．advice2．A．paper B．money C．letters D．notes33．A．colour B．size C．shape D．history4．A．when B．why C．how D．where5．A．strange B．simple C．smart D．serious6．A．presented B．filled C．covered D．gathered7．A．watch B．hide C．open D． accept8．A．Moreover B．However C．Otherwise D．Besides9．A．his B．their C．your D．our10．A．count B．change C．choose D．collect11．A．worse B．harder C．closer D．wider12．A．avoided B．increased C．afforded D．returned13．A．birth B．fear C．death D．envy14．A．groups B．rows C．teams D．pairs15．A．sometimes B．never C．seldom D．always5、（2021·湖南岳阳·中考真题）We all need food. But when you can’t finish your meal, how do you ____1____ ? You might think that wasting ____2____ food isn’t a big deal. The truth is that people in China waste 35 million tons of food each year. It’s nearly one third of food waste in the world. As we all know, food waste becomes a ____3____ problem in China.In order to ____4____ food waste, the government has started the “Clean Plate Campaign (运动）”. Especially in restaurants, we can see ____5____ of the “Clean Plate” on the wall. Many restaurants remind their customers that they shouldn’t ____6____ too much food. According to the law passed in April, 2021, if the restaurants always mislead (误导）customers to order too many dishes, they will face a fine (罚款). Restaurants in Wuhan have begun the N-l system, which means groups of customers are supposed to order one fewer dish than the number of people in the group. For example, a group of 7 people can order ____7____ dishes at most. Most restaurants provide customers with free packing boxes (打包盒), and customers can use ____8____ to take the leftovers (剩饭剩菜）home.Today, more and more people start to realize the importance of ____9____ food. Everyone should play a part in the “Clean Plate Campaign” and say ____10____ to food waste.1．A．smell B．taste C．feel2．A．a little B．too many C．much too3．A．different B．serious C．safe4．A．cut up B．cut down C．cut into5．A．signs B．clocks C．tickets6．A．mix B．cook C．order7．A．6 B．7 C．88．A．them B．us C．you9．A．wasting B．saving C．eating10．A．yes B．no C．sorry