2022-2023学年北京市西城区北京第八中学高二上学期期末英语练习题（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年北京市西城区北京第八中学高二上学期期末英语练习题（解析版），共23页。试卷主要包含了完形填空，语法填空，阅读理解，信息还原，阅读表达，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2022-2023学年度第一学期期末练习题
年级：高二科目：英语
一、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Thursday would be huge. But when coach announced the championship game would be a night game on Thursday, Devin's heart ___1___. The concert was at the same time as the game. And Ms. Poltis had ___2___ Devin to sing a brief solo (独唱). Thinking the soccer team was on the edge of a title and he was a big reason — he ___3___ the league in scoring, Devin frowned (皱眉). He couldn't disappoint his team by ___4___ the game.
That night, Devin lay in bed, staring at the trophies (奖杯) from races, baseball leagues and free-throw contests which ___5___ his shelves. The solo was only four lines in the middle of a song, but the thought of singing ___6___ made him shiver (颤抖). He'd never sung a solo before. Now it was a relief to know he didn't have to. The soccer game was a perfect ___7___. While at the moment Ms. Poltis' words came to his mind "I chose you not because you're the best singer but because you work hard, like the person in the song. And you have a very nice voice. So don't be nervous. Be proud." It was no secret that several other choir members had ___8___ singing voices than he did. But he liked the song, and he ___9___ how kind and inspiring Ms. Poltis always was. Finally Devin made a choice and whispered the solo with ____10____, "no matter how hard the struggle. I will never let you down…"
1. A. bled B. sank C. hurt D. beat
2. A. taught B. allowed C. chosen D. ordered
3. A. led B. won C. joined D. formed
4. A. watching B. playing C. entering D. skipping
5. A. lined B. piled C. covered D. decorated
6. A. loudly B. outside C. alone D. proudly
7. A. platform B. request C. condition D. excuse
8. A. louder B. stronger C. softer D. deeper
9. A. appreciated B. accepted C. confirmed D. praised
10. A. tension B. patience C. sorrow D. confidence
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。Devin被Ms. Poltis选中参加独唱，因为怕唱不好而紧张，Devin想要拒绝；最后在Ms. Poltis的鼓励下，Ms. Poltis自信地参加了独唱。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当教练宣布冠军赛将是周四晚上的比赛时，Devin的心情变得沉重。A. bled流血； B. sank(心情)变得沉重；C. hurt受伤；D. beat跳动。根据后文“Devin frowned(皱眉)”可知，当教练宣布比赛时，Devin的心情变得沉重。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ms. Poltis 选择Devin来唱一段简短的独唱。A. taught教；B. allowed允许；C. chosen选择；D. ordered命令。根据第二段“I chose you not because you're the best singer but because you work hard”可知，Ms. Poltis 选择Devin来唱一段简短的独唱。故选C。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Devin认为足球队即将夺冠，他是他在得分方面领先联盟的一个重要原因，他皱起了眉头。A. led率领，处于领先地位；B. won赢得；C. joined加入；D. formed形成。根据空前“Thinking the soccer team was on the edge of a title ”可知，因为将要夺冠，由此可知，在得分上是领先的。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不能不参加比赛而使他的球队失望。A. watching看；B. playing玩耍；C. entering进入；D. skipping跳过。根据前文“He couldn't disappoint his team”可知，Devin不想不参加比赛，这样会让球队失望。故选D。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，Devin躺在床上，盯着货架上摆满的比赛、棒球联赛和罚球比赛的奖杯。A. lined沿……排成行；B. piled堆放；C. covered覆盖；D. decorated装饰。由空前“trophies (奖杯)from races , baseball leagues and free-throw contests”可知，比赛中的获得的奖杯在架子上排成行。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这首独唱只有歌曲中间的四行，但一想到要独自唱，他就不寒而栗。A. loudly大声地；B. outside在外面；C. alone单独；D. proudly骄傲地。根据前文the solo可知，因为是独唱，所以此处指一个人唱歌。故选C。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：足球比赛是个完美的借口。A. platform站台，讲台；B. request要求；C. condition条件；D. excuse借口。根据前文“He'd never sung a solo before.”可知，因为Devin不想唱歌，所以足球比赛是个完美的借口。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：唱诗班的其他几个成员的嗓音比他响亮，这已经不是什么秘密了。A. louder更大声的；B. stronger更响亮的；C. softer更柔软的；D. deeper更深的。根据前文“I chose you not because you're the best singer but because you work hard”可知，唱诗班的其他几个成员比他唱得好，由此可知，他们的嗓音也比Devin响亮。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他喜欢这首歌，他也感激Ms. Poltis一直以来的善良和鼓舞人心。A. appreciated感激；B. accepted接受；C. confirmed确认；D. praised赞扬。根据后文“how kind and inspiring Ms. Poltis always was.”可知，Devin感激Ms. Poltis一直以来的善良和鼓舞人心。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，Devin做出了选择，自信地低声唱着独唱。A. tension紧张；B. patience耐心；C. sorrow悲伤；D. confidence自信。根据后文“no matter how hard the struggle. I will never let you down…”可知，Devin自信地歌唱。故选D。
二、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
World Health Day is celebrated every year on April 7, the founding day of the WHO.____11____ (establish) in 1950, this event has a theme each year to draw attention to a current world health issue. The day is also used to highlight the ____12____ (important) of personal health. For common people, we can take some extra steps ____13____ (care) for our health like getting a gym membership (and going!) or starting a diet.
【答案】11. Established
12. importance
13. to care
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界卫生日的宗旨和意义。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这一活动成立于1950年，每年都有一个主题，以引起人们对当前世界卫生问题的关注。此处为非谓语动词作状语，this event与establish之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词表被动，故填Established。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：这一天也用来强调个人健康的重要性。此处缺少名词作动词highlight的宾语，表抽象意义，不可数，故填importance。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：对于普通人来说，我们可以采取一些额外的措施来照顾我们的健康，比如申请一个健身房的会员(并坚持去！)或开始节食。此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语，故填to care。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In March 2018, a couple opened the first Zero Green in Bristol,____14____ (sell) food and household items entirely without packaging. Shoppers ____15____ (encourage) to bring their own containers to take their shopping home. Although there was a lot of trial and error, plus additional challenges, they believe ____16____ they are doing is a sustainable business model.
【答案】14. selling
15. are encouraged##were encouraged
16. what
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一对夫妇在布里斯托尔开了一家Zero Green，销售完全没有包装的食物和家居用品。虽然有很多尝试和错误，但他们认为这是一个可持续的商业模式。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2018年3月，一对夫妇在布里斯托尔开设了第一家Zero Green，销售食品和家居用品，完全没有包装。句中已有谓语动opened其无连词，空处应用非谓语动词作状语，a couple和sell之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填selling。
【15题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：购物者被鼓励自己带购物容器来把物品带回家。主语shoppers和encourage之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；此处可理解为陈述该店一条规则，用一般现在时的被动语态；也可理解为陈述过去的事实，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填are encouraged##were encouraged。
【16题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：虽然有很多尝试和错误，加上额外的挑战，他们相信他们正在做的是一个可持续的商业模式。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，且指代“他们做的事情”，应用连接代词what。故填what。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Recently, many who drink milk have switched to plant-based milks ____17____(come) from almonds, soy or rice. And the newest star among them is oat milk. This creamy, delicious drink makes coffee, cereal, and baked goods taste delicious. Another reason for its ____18____(popular) lies in its benefits. Oat milk contains vitamins and minerals. It also has fiber, which can help to reduce the risk of heart disease. It is ____19____(cheap) to make and requires less water to produce than some other plant-based milks. Some people believe it’s an environmentally-friendly choice.
【答案】17. coming
18. popularity
19. cheaper
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。最近，许多喝牛奶的人已经改用杏仁、大豆或大米制成的植物性牛奶。其中最新的明星是燕麦牛奶。文章介绍了燕麦牛奶的好处。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，许多喝牛奶的人已经改用杏仁、大豆或大米制成的植物性牛奶。分析句子结构可知come在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语milks构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填coming。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：它受欢迎的另一个原因是它的好处。此处作宾语，表示“受欢迎”应用名词popularity，故填popularity。
【19题详解】
考查比较级。句意：与其他植物性牛奶相比，它的制作成本更低，需要的水也更少。根据后文“than some other plant-based milks”可知应用比较级。故填cheaper。
三、阅读理解（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Dear Koko,
I’ve learned about you from my amazing teacher. I think it’s fun that you can communicate with us humans by using the sign language. I’ve spent a lot of time watching you in different videos and love you from the bottom of my heart.
It’s heartbreaking to learn about all of the cruel things done to gorillas(大猩猩). In Africa, for example, the killers use guns to kill your fellows for meat. They don’t understand the influence their actions are having on gorillas. Another thing is the loss of gorillas’ natural home, which is caused by the improved infrastructure such as building roads and airports. When we cut down trees, you become homeless. We take away your shelter and sources of food, leaving you with very little chance of survival.
Some of my classmates are writing to the relevant departments about these serious problems. Hopefully these letters will make a difference during your lifetime. Over the past three months, my class has been researching on gorillas, and I’ve learned so many things. For example, I’ve learned that you have a lot of feelings similar to mine and you are always so careful with everything you do. I think that you are really worth saving.
We’ve come up with many ideas to help you and your fellows. One of the best ideas is to communicate with the President of the World Bank and have him give more financial support to the organizations for gorillas. Another idea is to make public laws on the killers. I also think we need to keep educating people about gorillas.
I love writing to you and hope you can understand how important you’ve become to our class. Would it be too much to ask for a return letter?
Mike
20. According to the passage, Koko is probably ________.
A. a killer of gorillas B. a member of the gorilla family
C. an expert on gorillas D. a governor in charge of gorillas
21. What is mainly talked about in the second paragraph?
A. The problems gorillas face at present.
B. The danger gorillas cause for humans.
C. The unique characteristic gorillas have.
D. The natural environment gorillas live in.
22. The author suggests that ________.
A. gorillas should be protected in nature reserves
B. killers for gorillas should be legally responsible
C. organizations should be set up to protect gorillas
D. people should make donations to gorilla protection
【答案】20. B 21. A 22. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是写给大猩猩的一封信，信中讲述了大猩猩当前的悲惨遭遇及人类应该采取的保护措施，以保护大猩猩的生存环境。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中I think it’s fun that you can communicate with us humans by using the sign language.和第二段中When we cut down trees, you become homeless. We take away your shelter and sources of food, leaving you with very little chance of survival.第三段中I think that you are really worth saving.等信息可判断，收信人Koko可能是一只大猩猩，故选B。
【21题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中all of the cruel things done to gorillas...the killers use guns to kill your fellows for meat. Another thing is the loss of gorillas’ natural home等信息可知，本段主要是描述了大猩猩当前被捕杀和家园被破坏的不幸遭遇，故选A。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Another idea is to make public laws on the killers.可知，作者建议制定关于杀害大猩猩凶手的法律，他们应该为自己所做的事负法律责任。故选B。
【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。小题2根据第二段all of the cruel things done to gorillas. the killers use guns to kill your fellows for meat. Another thing is the loss of gorillas’ natural home等信息可知本段主要是描述了大猩猩当前被捕杀和家园被破坏的不幸遭遇。
B
Five days a week, 28-year-old Ebony Smith arrives at Changing Gears Bike Shop at 10:50 a.m., ten minutes before opening. Walking into the shop, she turns on the lights, opens the register, and reviews the repair orders. For the next several hours she will repair bikes with professional skill and care, and guide customers through bike choices like an experienced rider, learning about their needs and preferences, and helping them to find the perfect fit.
Although Smith had almost no experience riding a bike and didn’t even enjoy riding one when she first came to Changing Gears, she has stayed in the position for nearly a decade now, and her customers are thankful to her heartfelt assistance. What’s more, many of the shop visitors are youth from families living in low-income housing named Alameda Point. Smith lived in this neighborhood throughout her childhood, and to these youngsters and families she is a positive role model-someone determined to succeed in spite of educational and financial struggles.
When she first began at Changing Gears at 19 years old, Smith was living with her parents, who struggled to make a living. She had failed to earn a high school diploma when she didn’t pass California’s high school exit exam. However, when a three-month job training position opened at the bike shop in 2008, Smith took a chance to, as she says, “turn her life around”. She signed up and was quickly hired.
Smith is just one of the thousands of Changing Gears’ employees around the world, and her continued success at Changing Gears embodies the shop’s duty to “operate a bicycle-based social enterprise that meets the needs of the underprivileged of our local area”.
In addition, the shop has a strong environmental focus, which includes bicycle reuse and recycling. Throughout the years Changing Gears has also engaged youth and families in bicycle field trips and provided free bicycle parking and repair service at local farmers’ markets in order to encourage bike riding as a practical and green form of transportation.
Through its blending（协调）of effective small business practices with a social and environmental duty, Changing Gears stays inspired to use bicycles as a vehicle for social change.
23. What can we learn about Ebony Smith?
A She is a bike shop owner.
B. She is a professional rider.
C. She has a good knowledge of bikes.
D. She has a lot of shopping experience.
24. What helped Ebony Smith get into the career?
A. Family support.
B. Personal interest.
C. Training opportunity.
D. High school education.
25. What does the underlined word “embodies” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Be an example of.
B. Be similar to.
C. Be the reason for.
D. Be modeled after.
26. Which of the following is Changing Gears’ duty?
A. Making bike donations.
B. Offering help to the poor people.
C. Improving bike-riding techniques.
D. Drawing people’s attention to bike enterprises.
【答案】23. C 24. C 25. A 26. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述一个自行车店为了帮助当地的穷人，为他们提供培训并安排他们就业。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“For the next several hours she will repair bikes with professional skill and care, and guide customers through bike choices like an experienced rider, learning about their needs and preferences, and helping them to find the perfect fit.”（在接下来的几个小时里，她将用专业的技能和关怀来修理自行车，并像一个经验丰富的骑手一样引导顾客选择自行车，了解他们的需求和喜好，并帮助他们找到最合适的自行车。）可知，Ebony Smith对自行车很精通。故选C。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“However, when a three-month job training position opened at the bike shop in 2008, Smith took a chance to, as she says, “turn her life around”. She signed up and was quickly hired.”（然而，当2008年这家自行车店开设了一个为期三个月的职业培训职位时，史密斯抓住了一个机会，正如她所说，“改变了她的生活”。她报了名，很快就被录用了。）可知，3个月的工作培训机会让她从事这个职业。故选C。
【25题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“and her continued success at Changing Gears embodies the shop’s duty to “operate a bicycle-based social enterprise that meets the needs of the underprivileged of our local area”（她在 Change Gears的持续成功embodies该店的责任，即“经营一家以自行车为基础的社会企业，满足当地贫困人口的需求”。可以猜测出embodies为“代表”之意。故选A。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“the shop’s duty to “operate a bicycle-based social enterprise that meets the needs of the underprivileged of our local are.”（该店的责任，即“经营一家以自行车为基础的社会企业，满足当地贫困人口的需求”。）可知，Changing Gears职责是为当地的穷人提供帮助。故选B。
C
Scientists say we are all born with a knack for mathematics. Every time we scan the cafeteria for a table that will fit all of our friends, we’re exercising the ancient estimation center in our brain.
Stanislas Dehaene was the first researcher to show that this part of the brain exists. In 1989 he met Mr. N who had suffered a serious brain injury. Mr. N couldn’t recognize the number 5, or add 2 and 2. But he still knew that there are “about 50 minutes” in an hour. Dehaene drew an important conclusion from his case: there must be two separate mathematical areas in our brains. One area is responsible for the math we learn in school, and the other judges approximate amounts.
So what does the brain’s estimation center do for us? Harvard University researcher Elizabeth Spelke has spent a lot of time posing math problems to preschoolers. When he asks 5-year-olds to solve a problem like 21+30, they can’t do it. But he has also asked them questions such as, “Sarah has 21 candles and gets 30 more. John has 34 candles. Who has more candles?” It turns out preschoolers are great at solving questions like that. Before they’ve learned how to do math with numerals and symbols, their brains’ approximation centers are already hard at work.
After we learn symbolic math, do we still have any use for our inborn math sense? Justin Halberda at Johns Hopkins University gave us an answer in his study. He challenged a group of 14-year-olds with an approximation test: The kids stared at a computer screen and saw groups of yellow and blue dots flash by, too quickly to count. Then they had to say whether there had been more blue dots or yellow dots. The researchers found that most were able to answer correctly when there were 25 yellow dots and 10 blue ones. When the groups were closer in size, 11 yellow dots and 10 blue ones, fewer kids answered correctly.
The big surprise in this study came when the researcher compared the kids’ approximation test scores to their scores on standardized math tests. He found that kids who did better on the flashing dot test had better standardized test scores, and vice versa (反之亦然). It seems that, far from being irrelevant, your math sense might predict your ability at formal math.
27. From the first two studies, we can learn that estimation center ________.
A. is divided into two separate mathematical areas
B. can help figure out numerals and symbols problems
C. functions independently in both kids’ and adults’ brains
D. works better when symbolic parts are injured or undergrown
28. What most surprised Justin in the study of 14-year-olds?
A. The variety of math abilities in different students.
B. The link between technology skills and estimation skills.
C. The difficulty of the task as the number of dots increased.
D. The connection between estimation skills and formal math ability.
29. What could be the best title for the passage?
A. Born with a Sense of Math
B. Go beyond What You Can Learn
C. Symbolic Math and Estimation Math
D. Our Brain一a Born Mathematician
【答案】27. C 28. D 29. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述的是我们天生就有数学头脑。研究发现那些在闪烁点测试中表现更好的孩子有更好的标准化考试成绩，反之亦然。你的评估能力可能会预测你在正式数学方面的能力。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中Dehaene drew an important conclusion from his case: there must be two separate mathematical areas in our brains. One area is responsible for the math we learn in school, and the other judges approximate amounts.可知，从前两项研究中，我们可以了解到评估中心在儿童和成人的大脑中独立运作。故答案为C。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中He found that kids who did better on the flashing dot test had better standardized test scores, and vice versa (反之亦然).可知，在对14岁孩子的研究中，最令贾斯汀感到惊讶的是评估技能好的学生，标准化数学测试分数也好，也就是评估能力与正式数学能力是相关的。故答案为D。
【29题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中Scientists say we are all born with a knack for mathematics. Every time we scan the cafeteria for a table that will fit all of our friends, we’re exercising the ancient estimation center in our brain.可知，本文讲述的是我们天生就有数学头脑。故答案为A。
D
Earth is experiencing its sixth mass extinction: somewhere between 30 and 159 species(物种) disappear every day, and more than 300 types of animals have died out since 1500. This is not good for the future of life on our planet, but what if we could make some of the extinct species come back to life? Thanks to ongoing advances in DNA recovery and cloning technology, de-extinction may soon be realized, and we may see Tasmanian Tigers, or Dodo Birds back into existence in the near future.
Some scientists are confident and optimistic about de-extinction. They think that the best reasons for de-extinction have more to do with ecology than tourism. “If this is always going to be a zoo animal, then stop,” says Ben Novak, the lead researcherat Revive & Restore—a foundation devoted to rescuing endangered and extinct species in San Francisco, California. “The goals have to be about ecological restoration and function.”
Take passenger pigeons for example. Their numbers reached nearly 5 billion at the start of the 19th century, and they played an important role in shaping the forests they inhabited(居住). After their extinction, the forests have never been the same. “The passenger pigeon is a very important ecological species if we want their original habitat back.” Novak says.
However, we need to think twice about Novak’s idea. Any new scientific initiative is bound to have risks, so is de-extinction. Although some assume that de-extinction may help the environment, we can’t be so sure. The de-extinct animals would now be strangers to their habitats. As the habitat is no longer what it was, the species role within the ecosystem may have also changed. This could be actually a threat to the other species within the environment as the de-extinct animals enter the area and compete for food sources. Once again we’re trying to force nature to act in a certain way, rather than letting it remain natural.
Many scientists also believe that priorities(优先权) would change within the conservation of currently endangered species. Would we still put in the effort to preserve living animals if we knew we could just magically bring them back from the dead? Douglas McCauley, an ecologist at University of California, Santa Barbara, stresses this worry. “Honestly, the thing that scares me most is that the public absorbs the misimpression that extinction is no longer scary. The general attitude becomes: Deforest, no worry, we can reforest. If we drive something extinct, no worry, we can de-extinct it.” said McCauley.
It seems that with the subject of de-extinction, we must look at our reasons for doing such a thing. Yes, we may, in the near future, be able to de-extinct the extinct species. But does that mean we should? Are the risks really worth it? Does it make sense to focus on the dead than the living? And who are we truly benefiting in the end?
30. Ben Novak probably agrees that ________.
A. the value of de-extinctionlies in tourism
B de-extinct animals are unfit to live in the zoo
C. de-extinction results from the change of ecosystem
D. de-extinction aims to bring back former environment
31. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 5?
A. People’s impressions on lost species.
B. Change of public attitude towards de-extinction.
C. Importance of the conservation of living animals.
D. Effects of de-extinction on the protection of endangered species.
32. What is the author’s attitude toward de-extinction?
A. Optimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Neutral. D. Supportive.
33. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion
A. B. C. D.
【答案】30. D 31. D 32. B 33. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球正在经历第六次大规模灭绝：每天有30至159种物种消失，自1500年以来已有300多种动物死亡．这对我们这个星球上的未来生命并不好，但如果我们能够使一些已灭绝的物种恢复生机，会怎么样？
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The goals have to be about ecological restoration and function.（目标必须是生态恢复和功能。）”可知，Ben Novak可能同意抵抗灭绝的目的是恢复原有的环境，故选D。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段““Honestly, the thing that scares me most is that the public absorbs the misimpression that extinction is no longer scary. The general attitude becomes: Deforest, no worry, we can reforest. If we drive something extinct, no worry, we can de-extinct it.” said McCauley.（说道：“老实说，最让我害怕的是公众对灭绝不再感到害怕的错误印象。人们的普遍态度是：砍伐森林，不用担心，我们可以重新造林。如果我们把灭绝的东西赶走，别担心，我们可以使灭绝的东西复活”。）”可知，本段主要就讲述了抵抗复活对保护濒危物种的影响，故选D。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, we need to think twice about Novak’s idea. Any new scientific initiative is bound to have risks, so is de-extinction. Although some assume that de-extinction may help the environment, we can’t be so sure.（然而，我们需要再考虑一下Novak的想法。任何新的科学倡议都必然有风险，复活灭绝也是如此。尽管有人认为复活灭绝可能有助于环境，但是我们无法肯定。）”可知，作者对于复活灭绝是持怀疑的态度，他认为这样做是有风险的，并且也无法肯定是否对环境有帮助，故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章可知，文章第二段“Some scientists are confident and optimistic about de-extinction.（一些科学家对于复活灭绝是由信心，且乐观的。）”和第三段“However, we need to think twice about Novak’s idea. Any new scientific initiative is bound to have risks, so is de-extinction.（然而，我们应该再考虑一下Novak的想法。任何新的科学倡议都必然有风险，复活灭绝也是如此。）”可知，文章第一段引入主题，如何分别提出了两个对立的观点，第五段又提出了另外一些科学家的观点，第6段做了总结，故文章的结构符合选项A，故选A。
四、信息还原（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Art of Slow Reading
If you are reading this article in print, chances are that you will only get through half of what I have written. And if you are reading this online, you may not even finish a fifth. ____34____ They suggest that many of us no longer have the concentration to read articles through to their conclusion.
So are we getting stupider? Actually, our online habits are damaging the mental power we need to process and understand textual information. Round-the-clock news makes us read from one article to the next without necessarily engaging fully with any of the content. Our reading is frequently interrupted by the noise of the latest email and we are now absorbing short bursts of words on Twitter and Facebook more regularly than longer texts. ____35____ But we are gradually forgetting how to sit back, think carefully, and relate all the facts to each other.
____36____ A desperate bunch of academics want us to take our time while reading, and re-reading. They ask us to switch off our computers every so often and rediscover both the joy of personal engagement with printed texts, and the ability to process them fully. What's to be done then? Most slow readers realize that total rejection of the web is extremely unrealistic. They feel that getaway from technology for a while is the answer. ____37____ Personally, I'm not sure whether I could ever go offline for long. Even while writing this article, I am switching constantly between sites, skimming too often, absorbing too little. Internet reading has become too rooted in my daily life for me to change. I read essays and articles not in hard copy but as PDFs. I suspect that many readers are in a similar position. ____38____ You can download a computer application called Freedom, which allows you to read in peace by cutting off your Internet connection. Or if you want to avoid being disturbed by the Internet, you could always download offline reader Instapaper for your iPhone. If you're still reading my article, that is slow reading.
A. The Internet is probably part of the problem.
B. Now some campaigns are advocating slow reading.
C. These are the two findings from the recent research projects.
D. But if you just occasionally want to read more slowly, help is at hand.
E. Some of them have suggested turning their computers off for one day a week.
F. Slow reading can help connect a reader to neighborhood and become popular.
G. Because of the Internet, we have become very good at collecting information.
【答案】34. C 35. G 36. B 37. E 38. D
【解析】
【分析】本文讲述的是“慢读的艺术”。 研究表明我们中的许多人不再专注于阅读文章，实际上，我们的网络习惯正在破坏我们处理和理解文本信息所需要的精神力量。大多数慢读者意识到，完全拒绝网络是非常不现实的，他们觉得暂时摆脱科技是解决问题的办法。
【34题详解】
根据下文：他们认为，我们中的许多人不再专注于阅读文章。此处的they应该是指代前文出现的事物，也就是C项中的the two findings，“最近的研究项目有两个发现。”故选C。
【35题详解】
根据上句：我们的阅读经常被最新电子邮件的噪音所打断，我们现在在Twitter和Facebook上吸收简短的一连串的单词比长篇大论更有规律。故可知因为有了互联网，我们变得非常善于收集信息。故选G。
【36题详解】
根据下文：一群极度渴望的学者希望我们在阅读或重读的时候要放慢速度。故可知现在一些活动提倡缓慢阅读。故选B。
【37题详解】
根据上文：大多数慢读者意识到，完全拒绝网络是非常不现实的。他们觉得暂时摆脱科技是解决问题的办法。由此推知，E项Some of them have suggested turning their computers off for one day a week.（他们中的一些人建议每周把电脑关掉一天。）与上文匹配。
【38题详解】
根据空格下句：你可以下载一个叫做Freedom的电脑程序，这样你就可以通过切断你的网络连接来阅读。由此可知此处的意思是：如果你只是偶尔想要读得慢一些，那么帮助就在手边。故选D。
【名师点睛】
做七选五时“尤其代词不可放”是说：在填空处的前后语境中出现的一些代词不可忽视。有这样一道题：”They can be rich resources to improve your knowledge.”，该选项中凭空多出一个代词they，这说明什么问题？代词是起替代作用的，一定是前文出现的事物被they替代了，找到被替代的名词就可以了。往文中一找，前面的语境是“Volunteering brings together all kinds of people.所以they替代的就是前文的all kinds of people短语。这样的现象在七选五中是很多见了，能帮助大家解决不少难题。本题第1小题，根据下文：他们认为，我们中的许多人不再专注于阅读文章。此处的they应该是指代前文出现的事物，也就是C项中的the two findings，“最近的研究项目有两个发现。”故选C。
五、阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12 分）
阅读下面小说片段，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。
But while he was thinking this, his feet were taking him, step by step, closer and closer to the dot in the distance, which in the meantime had become a speck, and then began to show every sign of turning into a blob. And shortly after that the blob became a figure. And then, as Bruno got even closer, he saw that the thing was neither a dot nor a speck nor a blob nor a figure, but a person.
In fact it was a boy.
“Hello,” said Bruno.
“Hello,” said the boy.
Bruno was sure that he had never seen a skinnier or sadder boy in his life but decided that he had better talk to him.
“I've been exploring,” he said.
“Have you?” said the little boy.
“Yes. For almost two hours now.”
This was not strictly speaking true. Bruno had been exploring for just over an hour but he didn't think that exaggerating slightly would be too bad a thing to do. It wasn't quite the same thing as lying and made him seem more adventurous than he really was.
“Have you found anything?” asked the boy.
“Very little.”
“Nothing at all?”
“Well, I found you,” said Bruno after a moment.
He sat down on the ground on his side of the fence and crossed his legs like the little boy and wished that he had brought some chocolate with him or perhaps a pastry that they could share.
“I'm Shmuel,” said the little boy.
Bruno scrunched up his face, not sure that he had heard the little boy right. “What did you say your name was?” he asked.
“Shmuel,” said the little boy as if it was the most natural thing in the world. “What did you say your name was?”
“Bruno,” said Bruno.
“I've never heard of that name,” said Shmuel.
“And I've never heard of your name,” said Bruno. “Shmuel.” He thought about it. “Shmuel,” he repeated. “I like the way it sounds when I say it. Shmuel. It sounds like the wind blowing.”
“Bruno,” said Shmuel, nodding his head happily. “Yes, I think I like your name too. It sounds like someone who's rubbing their arms to keep warm.”
“How old are you?” he asked.
Shmuel thought about it and looked down at his fingers and they wiggled in the air, as if he was trying to count. “I'm nine,” he said. “My birthday is April the fifteenth nineteen thirty-four.”
Bruno stared at him in surprise. “What did you say?” he asked.
“I said my birthday is April the fifteenth nineteen thirty-four.”
Bruno's eyes opened wide and his mouth made the shape of an O. “I don't believe it,” he said.
“Why not?” asked Shmuel.
“No,” said Bruno, shaking his head quickly. “I don't mean I don't believe you. I mean I'm surprised, that's all. Because my birthday is April the fifteenth too. And I was born in nineteen thirty-four. We were born on the same day?”
Shmuel thought about this. “So you're nine too,” he said.
“Yes. Isn't that strange?”
“Very strange,” said Shmuel.
“We're like twins,” said Bruno.
“A little bit,” agreed Shmuel. “Where did you come from?” asked Shmuel, narrowing his eyes and looking at Bruno curiously.
“Berlin.”
“Where's that?”
Bruno opened his mouth to answer but found that he wasn't entirely sure. “It's in Germany, of course,” he said.
“Don't you come from Germany?”
“No, I'm from Poland,” said Shmuel.
Bruno frowned. “Then why do you speak German?” he asked.
“Because you said hello in German So I answered in German. Can you speak Polish?”
“No,” said Bruno, laughing nervously. “I don't know anyone who can speak two languages. And especially no one of our age.”
“Mama is a teacher in my school and she taught me German,” explained Shmuel. “She speaks French too. And Italian. And English. She's very clever. I don't speak French or Italian yet, but she said she'd teach me English one day because I might need to know it.”
39. Why did Bruno lie to Shmuel about the time he had been exploring?
______________________________________________________________________________
40. What did Bruno and Shmuel have in common?
______________________________________________________________________________
41. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
ØShmuel viewed his mother as a smart woman because she could solve difficult math puzzles.
______________________________________________________________________________
42. Is having the same interests good for friendship? Please put forward your idea and explain the reason. (In about 40 words)
______________________________________________________________________________
【答案】39. Because Bruno thought it made him seem more adventurous than he really was.
40. They have the same date of birth.
41. ØShmuel viewed his mother as a smart woman because she could solve difficult math puzzles. Because she can speak three languages.
42. Yes, it is. If two people share the same interests, they will have more topics and emotional connection. At the same time, the same hobbies can also give two people something to do together, thus further deepening the friendship.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要为Bruno和Shmuel之间的对话，二人分享了各自的一些个人情况。
【39题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第九段“This was not strictly speaking true. Bruno had been exploring for just over an hour but he didn't think that exaggerating slightly would be too bad a thing to do. It wasn't quite the same thing as lying and made him seem more adventurous than he really was.(严格地说，这并不是真的。Bruno已经探索了一个多小时，但他不认为稍微夸大会是一件糟糕的事情。这和撒谎不太一样，这让他看起来比实际上更有冒险精神)”可知，Bruno在探险的时间上对Shmuel撒谎是因为Bruno认为这让他看起来比实际上更有冒险精神。故答案为Because Bruno thought it made him seem more adventurous than he really was.
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第十五段中“I mean I'm surprised, that's all. Because my birthday is April the fifteenth too. And I was born in nineteen thirty-four.(我是说我很惊讶，仅此而已。因为我的生日也是4月15日。我出生于1934年)”可知，Bruno和Shmuel是共同点是他们的出生日期一样。故答案为They have the same date of birth.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段“She speaks French too. And Italian. And English. She's very clever.(她也会说法语。还会说意大利语和英语。她很聪明)”可知，母亲聪明的原因是她会说三种语言，错误的部分是“because she could solve difficult math puzzles”，故答案为ØShmuel viewed his mother as a smart woman because she could solve difficult math puzzles. Because she can speak three languages.
【42题详解】
开放性题目。题干：拥有相同的兴趣爱好对友谊有益吗？请提出你的想法并说明理由。可回答：是的，有益处。如果拥有相同的兴趣爱好，两个人会有更多的话题以及情感连接。同时，相同的爱好也可以让两个人有可以一起从事的事情，从而进一步加深友谊。故答案为Yes, it is. If two people share the same interests, they will have more topics and emotional connection. At the same time, the same hobbies can also give two people something to do together, thus further deepening the friendship.
六、根据首字母和英文释义，填写适当的单词（共10小题；每小题0.5分，共5分）请将完整的单词拼写填在答题纸上。
43. It’s not worth b______ with an umbrella--the car’s just outside. (to spend time and /or energy doing something)(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】bothering##othering
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词。句意：不必打伞——汽车就停在外面。根据句意和所给首字母b分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个动词，且意义为“花费时间或精力”，所以应该用动词bother；再由形式主语it和空格前的worth可知，bother应该用动名词形式bothering作主语。故填bothering。
44. Continued trade in these products is a threat to the s______ of the species. (n. the state of continuing to live or exist, often despite difficulty or danger) (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】survival##urvival
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这些产品的持续贸易对该物种的生存构成了威胁。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填名词survival，作宾语。不可数。故填survival。
45. She was a perfectly o______ little girl, you won’t even notice her at the ball. (adj. not unusual or different in any way) (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】ordinary##rdinary
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她是一个非常普通的小女孩，在舞会上你甚至不会注意到她。根据句意和所给首字母o以及空格后的girl分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个以字母o开头的形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词girl，且意义为“普通的”。故填ordinary。
46. If you want to pass your exams, you'd better change your a______! (n. the way that you think and feel about somebody /something) (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】attitude##ttitude
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你想通过考试，你最好改变你的态度。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填名词attitude，作宾语。故填attitude。
47. The event, watched by millions of people all over the country, takes place a______. (adv. once every year) (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】annually##nnually
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：全国各地的数百万人每年都会观看这项赛事。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填副词annually，作状语修饰take place。故填annually。
48. Our newspaper aims to r______ the views of the local community. (v. to show or be a sign of the nature of something or of somebody's attitude or feeling) (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】reflect##eflect
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的报纸旨在反映当地社会的意见。分析句子，设空处应该填写动词与空前to构成不定式结构(aim to do)，结合首字母和英文提示可知此处表示“反映”用reflect。故填reflect。
49. We can't i______ the fact that there is a huge problem here. (v. to pay no attention to something) (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】ignore##gnore
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我们不能忽视这一事实，这里存在一个巨大的问题。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填动词ignore，且can't后跟动词原形。故填ignore。
50. The band has gone on tour to p______ their new album. (v.to help sell a product, service, etc. by advertising it) (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】promote##romote
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：这支乐队已经开始巡回宣传他们的新专辑。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填动词promote，此处不定式作目的状语。故填promote。
51. The names of the winners of the competition will be p______ in June. (v.to produce a book, magazine, CD-ROM, etc. and sell it to the public) (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】published##ublished
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：比赛的获胜者名单将于6月公布。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填动词publish，结合上文will be可知为一般将来时的被动语态。故填published。
52. Since our research so far has not produced any answers to this problem, we need to adopt a different a______ to it. (n. a way of dealing with somebody /something) (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】approach##pproach
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：由于我们的研究到目前为止还没有对这个问题提出任何答案，我们需要采用不同的方法来解决它。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填名词approach，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填approach。
七、书面表达（15分）
53. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校英国留学生Jim最近在学习汉语的过程中遇到了许多困难，希望你给他一些学习汉语的建议，请你给Jim回信，提出你的建议，内容包括：
l. Jim遇到的困难；
2.你的建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
It’s great to know that you have begun to learn Chinese! You say you find Chinese difficult to learn. I quite understand your problem.
Different from your language, most Chinese characters are from images. For English, most of time, you’ll know how to pronounce a word when you see it. But it is impossible in Chinese. In addition, Chinese grammar is totally different from English grammar. That definitely brings you more trouble.
However, learning Chinese takes time. Don’t worry. I suggest you start with Pinyin, which will help you know how to read Chinese characters. Besides, listening to Chinese songs or watching Chinese movies will also help. The more you are exposed to the language, the more familiar you will get with it.
I wish you every success in learning the language! If you have any further questions, feel free to ask. Good luck!
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文写作。假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校英国留学生Jim最近在学习汉语的过程中遇到了许多困难，希望你给他一些学习汉语的建议，请你给Jim回信。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
理解：understand→comprehend
确实：definitely→indeed
建议：suggest→advise
另外：besides→moreover
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In addition, Chinese grammar is totally different from English grammar. That definitely brings you more trouble.
拓展句：In addition, Chinese grammar is totally different from English grammar, which definitely brings you more trouble.
【点睛】[高分句型1]For English, most of time, you’ll know how to pronounce a word when you see it.(运用了how+不定式作宾语，when引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型1]I suggest you start with Pinyin, which will help you know how to read Chinese characters.(运用了虚拟语气和which引导的非限制性定语从句)