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2022-2023学年河北省张家口市高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版） 听力
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这是一份2022-2023学年河北省张家口市高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版） 听力，共24页。试卷主要包含了15等内容，欢迎下载使用。
张家口市2022－2023学年度高二年级第一学期期末考试
英语
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A.£19.15. B.£9.18. C.£9.15.
答案是C。
1.How did the man come?
A.By plane. B.By car. C.By bus.
2.What’s the woman’s suggestion to the man?
A.Preparing for the exam.
B.Listening to the lecture.
C.Checking the library desk.
3.What does Julia want to become?
A.A teacher. B.A dancer. C.A writer.
4.Where does the conversation probably take place?
A.At home. B.In a science lab. C.In a pet clinic.
5.What will the man probably do next?
A.Buy some souvenirs. B.Return to the hotel. C.Meet someone.
第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.Why does the man look unwell?
A.He lacks sleep. B.He feels a little sick. C.He is tired from the courses.
7.What time is it now?
A.1:20 p. m. B.1:50 p. m. C.2:00 p. m.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.What color trousers does the man want?
A.Gray. B.Blue. C.Black.
9.What’s the man’s decision?
A.To buy wool trousers. B.To visit another shop. C.To leave his phone number.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.Which place will the man probably visit?
A.Mexico City. B.Florida. C.Havana.
11.How many points can the man get?
A.5,000. B.10,000. C.20,000.
12.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A.Workmates. B.Ticket seller and buyer. C.Travel agent and customer.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.Why does the woman have to stay at home?
A.She is stuck at home by the rain.
B.She is preparing for a birthday party.
C.She is willing to cook for grandparents.
14.What will the woman donate?
A.Her clothes. B.Her bike. C.Some food.
15.What is the man going to do next?
A.Talk to Jenny. B.Invite grandparents. C.Donate some money.
16.What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A.A yard sale. B.An invitation. C.A birthday plan.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What is the theme of this trip?
A.History. B.Literature. C.Architecture.
18.Why is London chosen?
A.The price of tickets is reasonable.
B.The COVID-19 virus is considered.
C.The availability of tickets is the main concern.
19.Why do they plan to take the subway?
A.To avoid the traffic. B.To do some research. C.To prevent being lost.
20.What’s the lucky part of this trip?
AWalking to the museum.
B.Attending an expert report.
C.Taking photos in the museum.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Top Destinations for Adventure Travel in 2023
The adventures you and your family take are an excellent way to bring your family closer together, enjoy beautiful scenery, and help you feel young and energetic. Here are some top destinations for adventure travel in 2023.
Austria
If you love winter sports, traveling to Austria won’t disappoint you. There are tons of adventure opportunities, including exploring the rolling hills on a fat bike and tobogganing (乘橇滑雪) down mountainsides. You can also climb a frozen wall!
Canada
Canada is the world’s second-largest country, which means endless adventure opportunities. You can walk with polar bears, watch grizzly bears, and canoe in isolated lakes to watch moose (驼鹿). Not to mention, because Canada’s coastline is the longest in the world, there are a lot of coastal adventures!
Chile
Located between the Pacific Ocean and the Andes Mountains, Chile’s Patagonia Park gives explorers so many opportunities. Check out the Atacama Desert, where you’ll feel like you’ve landed on the moon while exploring a natural spring that sometimes sends hot water or steam up into the air and the salt-flats that look like white still ocean.
Galapagos Islands
With its location 600 miles from Ecuador, animal lovers and outdoor adventurers feel like the Galapagos Islands are heaven on Earth. Many species are endemic, which means they are not found anywhere else in the world. You can explore Devil’s Crown, an dead volcanic cone (火山锥) near Floreana Island. Watch sea lions sunbathe on Gardner Bay’s beach or check out the tortoises in Santa Cruz, and more!
1. What will a traveler to Austria enjoy?
A. Winter sports. B. Coastal adventures.
C. Hot springs. D. Volcano scenes.
2. Where would a wildlife lover like to go?
A. Austria or Canada. B. Austria or Chile.
C. Canada or Galapagos Islands. D. Chile or Galapagos Islands.
3. What can we infer from the text?
A. Austria offers otherworldly scenery.
B. Canada ranks second in coastline length.
C. Chile is noted for a moon-themed park.
D. Galapagos Islands have unique wildlife.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Austria部分“If you love winter sports, traveling to Austria won’t disappoint you. (如果你喜欢冬季运动，去奥地利旅游一定不会让你失望)”可知，去奥地利的游客会享受冬季运动。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Canada部分“You can walk with polar bears, watch grizzly bears, and canoe in isolated lakes to watch moose (驼鹿). (你可以和北极熊一起散步，看灰熊，在偏僻的湖泊里划独木舟看驼鹿)”和Galapagos Islands部分“With its location 600 miles from Ecuador, animal lovers and outdoor adventurers feel like the Galapagos Islands are heaven on Earth.(加拉帕戈斯群岛距离厄瓜多尔600英里，动物爱好者和户外冒险家觉得加拉帕戈斯群岛是地球上的天堂)”可知，野生动物爱好者会喜欢去加拿大或加拉帕戈斯群岛。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据Galapagos Islands中“With its location 600 miles from Ecuador, animal lovers and outdoor adventurers feel like the Galapagos Islands are heaven on Earth. Many species are endemic, which means they are not found anywhere else in the world.(加拉帕戈斯群岛距离厄瓜多尔600英里，动物爱好者和户外冒险家觉得加拉帕戈斯群岛是地球上的天堂。许多物种是当地特有的，这意味着它们在世界其他地方都找不到)”可推知，加拉帕戈斯群岛有独特的野生动物。故选D项。
B
Last year, I spent my holiday with some of my children and grandchildren in a rented house in an unfamiliar neighborhood in Lakewood, New Jersey. Everyone in the area was super friendly and hospitable (好客的), offering to introduce themselves to us.
The home next door to us was particularly fascinating. In the yard, there was a trampoline (蹦床), a swing set and various toys and games that were particularly popular with young children. The owner was also very friendly and invited the kids to come over and play.
They played for hours on end. While we relaxed in our yard, perhaps feeling comfortable, perhaps enjoying each other’s company, perhaps forgetting that young children can’t be left too long without adults looking after them.
Unexpectedly, a small fight broke out. My 10-year-old grandson pushed the boy of the next door. At this point, the mother next door went to intervene (调停).
She came over to speak to us. Were I in that position, I would have been a very angry mother and complained about the bad behavior of these visiting children, and definitely sent them home.
What she did was quite the opposite. She spoke of their great pleasure in sharing the backyard, of a slight difficulty that had arisen and of the necessity of monitoring our children’s behavior. She told her children we were all their guests and that we should be respected and treated well. After that, these children got along well as before.
Honestly, I owed my thanks to the neighbor. Small as her actions may seem, they were big in our eyes. The neighbor not only kept the children happy but also taught me an unforgettable lesson in dealing with relationships. From her, I learned small and kind actions can bring warmth to people.
4. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To tell a story of warm friendship.
B. To describe an exciting trip experience.
C. To give advice on how to be a great mother.
D. To share a lesson the author learned from a neighbor.
5. What can be learned from the text?
A. The boy next door picked on the author’s grandson.
B. The children secretly went into the yard to play games.
C. The adults didn’t take good care of the children while relaxing.
D. The author’s family spent their holiday in her friend’s neighborhood.
6. Which of the following best describes the mother next door?
A. Kind and calm. B. Strict and tough.
C. Generous and curious. D. Rude and narrow-minded.
7. How will the author deal with a similar situation in the future?
A. She will leave without doing anything.
B. She will be patient and take kind actions.
C. She will teach her own children a good lesson.
D. She will stop troubling her hospitable neighbor.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【4题详解】
推理判断题。通读文章内容可知，文章末尾段部分“The neighbor not only kept the children happy but also taught me an unforgettable lesson in dealing with relationships. From her, I learned small and kind actions can bring warmth to people.(这位邻居不仅让孩子们开心，而且在处理人际关系方面给我上了难忘的一课。从她身上，我学到了微小而善良的行为可以给人们带来温暖。)”揭示了文章的主旨目的，即，作者通过讲述了旅行中邻居对孩子矛盾之间的调停行为，分享从邻居那里学会的重要的一课：微小而善良的行为给人带来温暖。这就是写作目的。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“While we relaxed in our yard, perhaps feeling comfortable, perhaps enjoying each other’s company, perhaps forgetting that young children can’t be left too long without adults looking after them.(当我们在院子里放松的时候，也许是感觉很舒服，也许是享受彼此的陪伴，也许是忘记了孩子们不能离开大人太久。)”可知，大人们沉浸在放松享受中以致于忘记了孩子们离开大人太久，即，在放松的时候，大人们没有照顾好孩子们。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“The owner was also very friendly and invited the kids to come over and play.(主人也非常友好，邀请孩子们过来玩。)”可知，这位妈妈主动邀请孩子一起玩耍，是一个好心善良的妈妈；而根据文章第六段内容“She spoke of their great pleasure in sharing the backyard, of a slight difficulty that had arisen and of the necessity of monitoring our children’s behavior. She told her children we were all their guests and that we should be respected and treated well. After that, these children got along well as before.(她谈到了他们分享后院的快乐，谈到了出现的一点小困难，以及监督孩子们行为的必要性。她告诉她的孩子们，我们都是他们的客人，我们应该受到尊重和善待。从那以后，这些孩子就像以前一样相处得很好。)”可知，这位妈妈主动调停孩子间的矛盾，并与作者一家进行了友善的交谈，说明她在面对孩子的问题时很冷静。因此，A项“Kind and calm.(善良而冷静。)”符合这位妈妈的性格特点。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“The neighbor not only kept the children happy but also taught me an unforgettable lesson in dealing with relationships. From her, I learned small and kind actions can bring warmth to people.(这位邻居不仅让孩子们开心，而且在处理人际关系方面给我上了难忘的一课。从她身上，我学到了微小而善良的行为可以给人们带来温暖。)”可知，作者从这位妈妈身上学到了“微小而善良的行为可以给人们带来温暖”的道理，由此可推知，在将来，作者应该会像这位妈妈一样在处理问题时有耐心，且并采取友好的行动。故选B项。
C
More than a third of the world’s population lives in dry lands, areas that experience significant water shortages. Scientists at the University of Texas at Austin have developed a unique solution to help people in these areas access clean drinking water.
They developed a low-cost gel film (凝胶膜) that can pull water from the air in even the driest climate. Combining two simple ingredients, cellulose and konjac gum, the gel is inexpensive to produce. Just one kilogram of gel can absorb up to 6 liters of water in a dry climate. For those living in a climate with relative humidity (湿度), one kilogram of gel can collect up to 13 liters of water a day. As the gel is so inexpensive and easy to make, it may offer a way of providing drinking water to countries with water shortages.
Previously, researchers have harvested fresh water from fog and dew, but that only serves areas with high humidity. Other attempts at pulling water from desert air are typically energy-intensive and do not produce much. In fact, this gel is a vast improvement from previous water harvesting technologies. The maximum water harvested has been 5.87 liters in places with relative humidity. This new gel doubles this amount, uses no energy and is simple to operate and it can be made into a shape or size that best suits the user.
“This new work is about practical solutions that people can use to get water in the hottest, driest places on Earth,” said Guihua Yu, professor at the Cockrell School of Engineering. “This could allow millions of people without consistent access to drinking water to have simple, water generating devices at home that they can easily operate.”
“This is not something you need an advanced degree to use” the paper’s lead author, Youhong Guo said. “It’s straightforward enough that anyone can make it at home if they have the materials.” Scientists are planning on making a thicker gel that will increase the yield, making this technology a practicable solution to drought.
8. What can we know about the gel film from paragraph 2?
A. It can increase the humidity of the air.
B. It can harvest drinking water from the air.
C. It has been widely applied in desert areas.
D. It costs lots of money and energy to produce.
9. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The advantages of the new gel.
B. The process of producing the new gel.
C. The tough living conditions in dry regions.
D. The theory of water harvesting technologies.
10. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. An advanced degree. B. An expensive material.
C. A water harvesting device. D. A non-stopping condition of drought.
11. What do scientists plan to do next?
A. Develop a thicker gel. B. Raise money for further research.
C. Produce the gel in large quantities. D. Teach people to make the gel at home.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“They developed a low-cost gel film that can pull water from the air in even the driest climate.(他们开发了一种低成本的凝胶膜，即使在最干燥的气候下也能从空气中吸收水分。)”，以及“As the gel is so inexpensive and easy to make, it may offer a way of providing drinking water to countries with water shortages.(由于这种凝胶既便宜又容易制造，它可能为水资源短缺的国家提供饮用水。)”可知，这种凝胶膜可以吸收空气中的水分，可能成为为水资源短缺的国家提供饮用水的一种方式。故选B项。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段的关键句“In fact, this gel is a vast improvement from previous water harvesting technologies.(事实上，这种凝胶是对以前的水收集技术的巨大改进。)”以及“This new gel doubles this amount, uses no energy and is simple to operate and it can be made into a shape or size that best suits the user.(这种新型凝胶的收集量翻了一番，不消耗能量，操作简单，可以被制成最适合用户的形状或大小。)”可知，该段主要讲述了这种凝胶膜是在以前的水收集技术上的巨大改进，收集量大大提高，不耗能，易操作，且具有便捷携带性。即，该段主要讲到了这种凝胶膜的优势。故选A项。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。分析可知，该段内容与上一段内容均是对这种凝胶膜的积极评价，因此结合前后文语境可推知，“it”所在句“It’s straightforward enough that anyone can make it at home if they have the materials.”与前文“This could allow millions of people without consistent access to drinking water to have simple, water generating devices at home that they can easily operate.(这将使数百万无法持续获得饮用水的人在家中拥有简单的、易于操作的产水装置。)”为同义句表达，由此可推知，“it”应与前文“water generating devices(产水装置)”所指相同。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章末尾句内容“Scientists are planning on making a thicker gel that will increase the yield, making this technology a practicable solution to drought.(科学家们正计划制造一种更厚的凝胶，以提高产量，使这项技术成为解决干旱的可行方案。)”可知，科学家们正在计划研制一种更厚的凝胶，因此可推知，科学家下一步要做的是制造一种更厚的凝胶。故选A项。
D
While the situation may be improving, much of the world is still under the shadow of COVID-19 and its associated containment measures. But according to a study published in the scientific journal Cell, an unlikely friend could help defeat the virus.
Known for their long legs and beautiful eyelashes, llamas (美洲驼) — specifically their antibodies (抗体) — are believed to play an important role in the fight against the virus.
Having experimented with antibodies from a llama called Winter years ago, a small lab at Ghent University in Belgium had a eureka moment earlier this year. They found that llama antibodies were able to neutralize (中和) both the MERS and SARS viruses — two strains of the coronavirus that caused previous outbreaks in 2012 and 2003, respectively.
Done in cooperation with the University of Texas, US, studies showed their effectiveness against COVID-19.
Jason McLellan, from the University of Texas at Austin and co-author of the study, said, “This is one of the first antibodies known to neutralize SARS-CoV-2.”
Antibodies are like your body’s defense system. Similar to tiny soldiers, they protect your body from invaders (入侵者) and destroy them before they can spread. But what makes llama antibodies so special is their small size, which enables them to better fight the virus by sticking to its spikes (刺突) more easily. This will prevent attachment and entry, which effectively neutralizes the virus.
The encouraging results have led to rapid development and testing of the antibodies so that they can be tested on humans as soon as possible. However, the study’s co-author, Xavier Saelens, from Ghent University noted that “there is still a lot of work to do to bring this into the clinic”. But he added that “if it works, llama Winter deserves a statue”.
12. Who is the unlikely friend mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. A researcher. B. A system.
C. A virus. D. An animal.
13. What does the underlined word “eureka” mean in paragraph 3?
A. It’s terrible. B. I’m fed up.
C. I found it. D. Let’s try harder.
14. What’s Xavier Saelens’ attitude towards applying the antibodies to the clinical practice?
A. Indifferent. B. Hopeful.
C. Negative. D. Disapproving.
15. What can we learn from the text?
A. The MERS virus caused a previous outbreak in 2003.
B. The small size enables llama antibodies to better fight the virus.
C. The llama antibodies’ tying to the spikes is able to kill the spikes.
D. It won’t be long before llama antibodies are ready for clinical use.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. B
【解析】
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But according to a study published in the scientific journal Cell, an unlikely friend could help defeat the virus.(但根据发表在科学杂志《细胞》上的一项研究，一个不太可能的朋友可以帮助打败病毒。)”和第二段“Known for their long legs and beautiful eyelashes, llamas (美洲驼) — specifically their antibodies (抗体) — are believed to play an important role in the fight against the virus.(美洲驼——特别是它们的抗体——以其长腿和美丽的睫毛而闻名，被认为在对抗病毒方面发挥着重要作用。)”可知，第一段中提到的那个不太可能的朋友是一种动物——美洲驼。故选D项。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Having experimented with antibodies from a llama called Winter years ago, a small lab at Ghent University in Belgium had a eureka moment earlier this year.(几年前，比利时根特大学的一个小实验室对一只名叫“冬天”的美洲驼的抗体进行了实验，今年早些时候，他们突然……。)”和下文“They found that llama antibodies were able to neutralize (中和) both the MERS and SARS viruses — two strains of the coronavirus that caused previous outbreaks in 2012 and 2003, respectively. (他们发现美洲驼抗体能够中和中东呼吸综合征和SARS病毒，这两种冠状病毒分别在2012年和2003年引发了疫情)”可知，比利时根特大学的一个小实验室几年前对一只美洲驼的抗体进行了实验，但只到今年早些时候，他们突然有了新的发现，发现了美洲驼抗体能够中和中东呼吸综合征和SARS病毒。由此推知，“eureka moment”是指顿悟时刻，有了新的发现。结合选项，eureka指“发现”。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Xavier Saelens的话“there is still a lot of work to do to bring this into the clinic (要将其应用于临床，还有很多工作要做)” 和“if it works, llama Winter deserves a statue”(如果这一计划有效，那么冬天羊驼应该拥有一座雕像)”可推和，Xavier还是很期待将抗体应用于临床实践的到来的，所以他的态度应该是“充满希望的”。故选B项。
15题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“But what makes llama antibodies so special is their small size, which enables them to better fight the virus by sticking to its spikes more easily. (但是羊驼抗体的特别之处在于它们的小尺寸，这使得它们能够更好地对抗病毒，更容易地粘附在病毒的尖刺上。)”可知，羊驼抗体因其尺寸小，能够更好地运用于对抗病毒。故选B项。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The gym can be scary for a beginner. Whether you’re a fitness green hand or getting back in the game, not knowing what to do in the gym can be a very real fear. ___16___ Here are some ways to get started in the gym.
Chat with the staff. The fitness staff is friendly and ready to help! A simple “hello” to a staff member when you walk in the door can really promote your mood. ___17___ It’ll be much easier to go back to the gym regularly if you know that some friendly people there are waiting.
___18___ Don’t know what to do in the gym? Don’t be afraid to ask for help—that’s what the staff members are there for! A quick tour of the equipment or even some practice on the machines can be extremely beneficial. A trainer will provide you with a complete demonstration to get you feeling comfortable in no time!
Get started on a simple machine. If you’re unsure where to start, sticking with the basics is a great way to go. Walk on the treadmill (跑步机) that you may be familiar with and start at a gentle pace. ___19___ Even if you don’t have a sweat part, you’ll have still moved your body and gotten used to the gym equipment. And that’s a hopeful start.
Try a 30-minute circuit. Circuit training is a super effective way to train, whether you’re a beginner or a more experienced gym-goer, and is the perfect solution when you don’t know what to do in the gym. It allows you to work multiple muscle groups in one workout. The best part: It’s a preplanned workout. ___20___
A. Ask for a tour.
B. Share your tour with others.
C But it truly doesn’t have to be.
D Work your way up to a fast run.
E. But it can be a scary experience.
F. So all you have to do is follow along.
G. So your confidence in the gym will build up at once.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. F
【解析】
【16题详解】
根据上文“Whether you’re a fitness green hand or getting back in the game, not knowing what to do in the gym can be a very real fear.(无论你是健身新手还是重返健身馆，不知道在健身房做什么都是一种真正的恐惧)”和下文“Here are some ways to get started in the gym.(这里有一些开始健身的方法)”可知，不管是新手还是重返健身馆的人都会因为不知道做什么感到一定程度的恐惧，而事实上有方法可以让人们开始在健身房健身。由此可知，感到恐惧是不必的。C项“(But it truly doesn’t have to be.但其实不必如此)”符合题意，it指代上文提到的事情，且选项引出下文。故选C。
【17题详解】
根据上文“A simple “hello” to a staff member when you walk in the door can really promote your mood.(当你走进健身房时，跟工作人员简单地说声“你好”就能提升你的情绪)”和下文“It’ll be much easier to go back to the gym regularly if you know that some friendly people there are waiting.(如果你知道有一些友好的人在那里等着你，你就会更容易定期回到健身房)”可知，主动和健身房工作人员打招呼能提升人们的情绪，这样就更容易定期去健身。由此可知，主动和员工打招呼会提高人们的自信，以至于之后能常常去健身。G项“So your confidence in the gym will build up at once.(所以你在健身房的信心会立刻建立起来)”符合题意，与上文构成因果关系。故选G。
【18题详解】
空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Don’t know what to do in the gym? Don’t be afraid to ask for help—that’s what the staff members are there for! A quick tour of the equipment or even some practice on the machines can be extremely beneficial. A trainer will provide you with a complete demonstration to get you feeling comfortable in no time!(不知道在健身房做什么？不要害怕寻求帮助，这是工作人员的职责所在！快速浏览设备，甚至在机器上进行一些练习都会非常有益。培训师将为您提供完整的演示，让您在任何时候都感到舒适！)”可知，本段的建议要求工作人员带领参观健身房。A项“Ask for a tour.(要求参观)”可以概括本段内容。故选A。
【19题详解】
根据主旨句“Get started on a simple machine.(从一台简单的机器开始)”可知，本段建议从简单的活动开始。结合上文“Walk on the treadmill (跑步机) that you may be familiar with and start at a gentle pace.(在你可能熟悉的跑步机上行走，并以缓慢的步伐开始)”可知，在熟悉的跑步机上用缓慢的速度开始。由此推知，在熟悉之后可以慢慢加快速度。D项“Work your way up to a fast run.(慢慢练习到快跑)”符合题意，fast run呼应上文的gentle pace。故选D。
【20题详解】
空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Circuit training is a super effective way to train, whether you’re a beginner or a more experienced gym-goer, and is the perfect solution when you don’t know what to do in the gym. It allows you to work multiple muscle groups in one workout. The best part: It’s a preplanned workout. (循环训练是一种超级有效的训练方式，无论你是新手还是有经验的健身爱好者，当你不知道在健身房做什么时，它是完美的解决方案。它可以让你在一次训练中锻炼多个肌肉群。最棒的是：这是事先计划好的锻炼 )”可知，循环训练是一种事先计划好并且超级有效的训练方式，由此可知，人们只要按照计划去做就可以。F项“So all you have to do is follow along.(所以你所要做的就是照做就可以了)”符合题意，总结上文。故选F。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Caitlin took her daughter, Lacey, to a toy store to pick something out. Lacey had been ___21___ £10 from her grandmother.
Lacey was trying to pick ___22___ that were more than £10, but the mother kept telling her she couldn’t, which ___23___ was a hard choice for the little girl. When they were in the aisle (过道), one ___24___ came over. And he asked if he could give Caitlin a gift card. The truth ___25___ that someone who had bought it asked the store workers to find a child of pre-school age to give it to.
And that gift card had been left by a woman in ___26___ of her daughter, who would have ___27___ four years old that day. After hearing that, Caitlin was heartbroken and just started to ___28___, and then the workers were crying too. It was very ___29___.
What a ____30____ way for that mother to ____31____ her daughter! In the store everyone’s heart went out to her for her ____32____ loss. Caitlin shared this ____33____ on social media and just wanted to say a huge thank you.
“She made my girl so happy and I am thinking about her and her family. It is very kind what she has done, and it has ____34____ other people to do the same,” Caitlin wrote. Hopefully, the mother is blessed as she continues to remember her little girl by spreading ____35____ to others.
21. A. borrowed B. paid C. collected D. gifted
22. A. cards B. candies C. toys D. pens
23. A. obviously B. surprisingly C. differently D. luckily
24. A. volunteer B. employee C. customer D. friend
25. A. came up B. got around C. went on D. turned out
26. A. support B. memory C. praise D. search
27. A. turned B. made C. bought D. took
28. A. leave B. comment C. cry D. nod
29. A. emotional B. interesting C. risky D. powerful
30. A. funny B. relaxing C. sweet D. careful
31. A. accept B. honor C. satisfy D. hug
32. A. confusing B. weak C. incredible D. awkward
33. A. experience B. hobby C. photo D. request
34. A. advised B. persuaded C. allowed D. inspired
35. A. confidence B. kindness C. knowledge D. worry
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：莱西的祖母给了她10英镑。A. borrowed借来；B. paid支付；C. collected收集；D. gifted赠送。根据“from her grandmother”推知，这10英镑是祖母赠送给莱西的。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：莱西试着挑选超过10英镑的玩具，但妈妈一直告诉她不能，这对小女孩来说显然是一个艰难的选择。A. cards卡片；B. candies糖果；C. toys玩具；D. pens钢笔。根据上文“Caitlin took her daughter, Lacey, to a toy store to pick something out.”可知，此处是指莱西挑选玩具。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. obviously明显地，显然；B. surprisingly令人惊讶地；C. differently不同地；D. luckily幸运地。根据“a hard choice for the little girl”并结合常识可知，对于小女孩来说挑选不超过10英镑的玩具显然很难。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她们在过道上时，一个员工走了过来。A. volunteer志愿者；B. employee员工；C. customer顾客；D. friend朋友。根据下文“And he asked if he could give Caitlin a gift card.”推知，向她们走来的一个员工。且下文“asked the store workers to find a child of pre-school age to give it to”也是提示。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实证明，有人买了它，要求店员找一个学龄前的孩子赠送它。A. came up走过来；B. got around四处走动；C. went on继续；D. turned out证明是，结果是。根据“that someone who had bought it asked the store workers to find a child of pre-school age to give it to.”可知，事实是有人买了礼品卡并要求店员送给一个学龄前的孩子。turn out“证明是，结果是”符合题意。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那张礼品卡是一位女士为了纪念她的女儿而留下的，她的女儿当天本该满四岁。A. support支持；B. memory记忆；C. praise表扬；D. search搜索，寻找。根据“After hearing that, Caitlin was heartbroken”和“for her ___12___ loss”推知，女士的女儿离世了，她这样做是为了纪念她。in memory of“为了纪念”。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. turned转动，变成；B. made使，制作；C. bought购买；D. took拿，带。根据“four years old that day”可知，用turn符合题意，turn four years old“年满四岁”。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：凯特琳听到后心碎了，哭了起来，然后工人们也哭了起来。A. leave离开；B. comment评论；C. cry哭，大叫；D. nod点头。根据“and then the workers were crying too.”可知，凯特琳听到员工的话后哭了起来。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这很有感染力。A. emotional情绪的，有感染力的；B. interesting有趣的；C. risky冒险的；D. powerful强大的。根据上文“After hearing that, Caitlin was heartbroken and just started to ___8___, and then the workers were crying too.”可知，女士的故事很有感染力。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位母亲用多么甜美的方式纪念她的女儿啊！A. funny滑稽的；B. relaxing令人放松的；C. sweet甜的，甜美的；D. careful小心的。根据上文“And that gift card had been left by a woman in ___6___ of her daughter”推知，女士用送购物卡来纪念女儿的方式很甜美。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. accept接受；B. honor尊重，纪念；C. satisfy使满意；D. hug拥抱。根据下文“she continues to remember her little girl by spreading ___15___ to others.”可知，女士的女儿已经离世，因此此处是指用这种方式纪念她。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：商店里的每个人都为她令人难以置信的损失感到难过。A. confusing令人困惑的；B. weak虚弱的；C. incredible难以置信的；D. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的。根据上文“And that gift card had been left by a woman in ___6___ of her daughter, who would have ___7___ four years old that day.”可知，女士的女儿不到四岁就离世了，这对女士来说是令人难以置信的损失。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：凯特琳在社交媒体上分享了这段经历，并且想说一声“十分感谢”。A. experience经历，经验；B. hobby爱好；C. photo照片；D. request请求。结合上文故事可知，这是凯特琳在超市的一次经历。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“她让我的女儿很开心，我想到了她和她的家人。她所做的非常善良，也激励了其他人也这么做，”凯特琳写道。A. advised建议；B. persuaded说服；C. allowed允许；D. inspired启发，激励。根据下文“other people to do the same”可知，女士的行为也激励其他人去做善事。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：充满希望的是，这位母亲是有福的，因为她通过向他人传播善意来继续纪念她的小女儿。A. confidence信心；B. kindness善良；C. knowledge知识；D. worry担心。根据上文“It is very kind what she has done”可知，女士向他人传播善意。故选B。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the early 19th century, cholera ___36___ (severe) hit Europe, which caused millions of ___37___ (death). At that time, as a famous doctor in London, John Snow was so expert that he attended to Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he never gave up his desire to defeat “King Cholera” and save common people’s lives.
Cholera was a deadly disease and ___38___ (it) cause was not understood. John Snow rose to face the challenge and solve the problem. He suspected that cholera ___39___ (cause) by an infection from germs in food or water, but he needed proof. So when another severe outbreak hit London, he began to investigate by ___40___ (mark) on a map the exact places ___41___ all those who died had lived. Then he found that many victims during the outbreak were near the water pump, so he had the handle removed. As ___42___ result, soon the disease slowed down. He was sure that the water pump was ___43___ (blame) and people should drink pure or ___44___ (boil) water.
The water companies were instructed not to sell people the polluted water any more. Thanks ____45____ the work of John Snow, finally “King Cholera” was defeated.
【答案】36. severely
37. deaths 38. its
39. was caused
40. making 41. where
42. a 43. to blame
44. boiled 45. to
【解析】
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：19世纪初，霍乱严重地袭击了欧洲，造成数百万人死亡。本题填空处后面出现了动词“hit”，提示词“severe”是形容词需要转换成副词，修饰动词。故填severely。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：19世纪初，霍乱严重地袭击了欧洲，造成数百万人死亡。本题填空处前面有修饰语“millions of”后面需要填写名词复数，而提示词“death”是名词变成复数在后面添加“s”。故填deaths。
【38题详解】
考查代词。句意：霍乱是一种致命的疾病，其病因也不清楚。本题填空处前面有“and”并列连词连接句子，说明and后是完整句子，句中“was”是谓语动词，说明“cause”是名词词性，因此“it”需要转变为形容词性物主代词修饰cause名词。故填its。
【39题详解】
考查动词被动语态。句意：他怀疑霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的，但他需要证据。本题中主句主谓部分是“He suspected”后接that引导的宾语从句，在从句中cause作为谓语动词，表示“造成”的意思，而且与从句中主语“cholera”有被动关系，这是发生在19世纪的故事，要使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was caused。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，当另一场严重的疫情袭击伦敦时，他开始通过在地图上标记所有死者曾经居住过的确切地点的方式来进行调查。本题填空处前有介词“by”，后面需要使用动词的现在分词形式，“by doing”表示“通过某种方式”。故填making。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：因此，当另一场严重的疫情袭击伦敦时，他开始通过在地图上标记所有死者曾经居住过的确切地点的方式来进行调查。本题填空处没有提示词，所以需要从句子层面来思考。本句主句部分是“he began to investigate by marking on a map the exact places ”，在句子中“places”是先行词，后面使用定语从句对places修饰，观察定从中“all those who died had lived”与先行词的关系，从句缺少地点状语，使用表示地点的关系副词。故填where。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：结果，疾病很快就减缓了。固定短语“as a result”意思是“结果”，可知本题需要填写冠词a。故填a。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他确信水泵应该负主要责任，人们应该喝纯净水或煮沸的水。固定短语“be to blame”表示“该受责备、应承担责任”的意思，因此本题应该使用动词不定式填写。故填to blame。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他确信水泵应该负主要责任，人们应该喝纯净水或煮沸的水。本题填空处后面有名词“water”。而且空格处与形容词“pure(纯净的)”形成并列，而提示词boil是动词，需要使用过去分词作定语修饰名词。故填boiled。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：由于约翰·斯诺的工作，“疾病之王霍乱”终于被打败了。根据固定短语“thanks to”表示“多亏了、由于”的意思。故填to。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，你的加拿大朋友Freddy来信说他即将作为交换生来你校学习，并想找一个寄宿家庭。请给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1.邀请他来你家寄宿;
2.说明你家的情况。
注意：
1.词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Freddy,
Welcome to our school as an exchange student.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I am looking forward to your coming soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Freddy,
Welcome to our school as an exchange student.
Hearing that you are searching for a host family, I’m more than delighted to invite you to come to my family.
In my family, there are three members including my father, my mother and me. My father is a businessman, who is often on business. So he seldom stays at home. My mother, as a housewife, is extremely kind and enthusiastic. In my family there is a spare room where you can live. The room is very clean and comfortable. If you come, we can study and play together. What’s also worth mentioning is that my mother is good at cooking. As a result, it’s a great opportunity for you to enjoy different kinds of Chinese food.
I am looking forward to your coming soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【详解】1.词汇积累
寻找：search for→seek for
高兴的：delighted→pleased
擅长：be good at→do well in/ be skilled in
因此：as a result→ as a consequence
2.句式拓展
简单句变成复合句
原句：My mother, as a housewife, is extremely kind and enthusiastic.
拓展句：My mother, who is a housewife, is extremely kind and enthusiastic.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Hearing that you are searching for a homestay, I’m more than delighted to invite you to come to my family.（运用了现在分词作状语）
【高分句型2】What’s also worth mentioning is that my mother is good at cooking.（运用了what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句）
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the summer after I became a running coach in a middle school and I heard that the yearly Special Sports Meeting would take place soon in town. So I decided to volunteer for it. On the list was a participant named Vernon who I mentored (指导) and coached only for a few times before. I had no idea what to expect and didn’t have any experience working with disabled children.
When I arrived at the event, I came with the intention and desire to help uplift this young man’s spirits. I went over to the big tent in the middle of the field, met the director of the Special Sports Meeting and then met Vernon, the 14-year-old boy living with Down’s syndrome (唐氏综合征).
I went up to Vernon and shared with him that I was on the track and field team at school and enjoyed the variety of events. I noticed that Vernon looked down most of the time and didn’t have much to say. At that point, I didn’t know whether he was disinterested in the conversation, wasn’t able to communicate with me, or didn’t understand what I was saying. It didn’t matter because I was there just to inspire him and anyway I would cheer for him during the game. Then we jogged together for a while before the game formally began. I wanted to support him or make him a little relaxed in this way, at least I thought so. Yet, little did I know at the moment that Vernon was the one who would inspire me and that he would make an impression on me that would last a lifetime.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Soon Vernon and other participants started to run the race.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Vernon ran toward me, giving me a big bear hug.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Soon Vernon and other participants started to run the race. All the players generally rushed out of the starting line when hearing the command. At the beginning, everyone was almost fast. Vernon also tried his best to catch up with others. He ran so hard that I saw the sweat on his face. Suddenly he had a fall on the second lap and his knees were hurt. Worried about his condition, I ran to him and checked him anxiously. “Are you alright?” I asked. He nodded his head and struggled to his feet to continue the race. I lifted him up and said, “I am sure you can. Do your best!” He looked at me gratefully. Finally he finished the race, though he was not the champion.
Vernon ran toward me, giving me a big bear hug. I smiled happily and said, “Well done.” I was deeply moved by his spirits. When facing difficulties, you won’t be defeated as long as you don’t give up.
【解析】
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“不久弗农和其他参与者开始赛跑。”可知，第一段可描写弗农参加比赛的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“弗农跑向我，给了我一个大大的拥抱。”可知，第二段可描写作者对于观看弗农比赛的感悟。
2.续写线索：比赛过程——比赛失误——帮助——鼓励——比赛结果——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.开始比赛：start to run the race /begin to run the race
②.继续比赛：continue the race /keep on the race
③.摔倒：have a fall /fall down /trip
情绪类
①.感动的：moved /touched
②.焦急地：anxiously /inquietly/uneasily
张家口市2022－2023学年度高二年级第一学期期末考试
英语
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A.£19.15. B.£9.18. C.£9.15.
答案是C。
1.How did the man come?
A.By plane. B.By car. C.By bus.
2.What’s the woman’s suggestion to the man?
A.Preparing for the exam.
B.Listening to the lecture.
C.Checking the library desk.
3.What does Julia want to become?
A.A teacher. B.A dancer. C.A writer.
4.Where does the conversation probably take place?
A.At home. B.In a science lab. C.In a pet clinic.
5.What will the man probably do next?
A.Buy some souvenirs. B.Return to the hotel. C.Meet someone.
第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.Why does the man look unwell?
A.He lacks sleep. B.He feels a little sick. C.He is tired from the courses.
7.What time is it now?
A.1:20 p. m. B.1:50 p. m. C.2:00 p. m.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.What color trousers does the man want?
A.Gray. B.Blue. C.Black.
9.What’s the man’s decision?
A.To buy wool trousers. B.To visit another shop. C.To leave his phone number.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.Which place will the man probably visit?
A.Mexico City. B.Florida. C.Havana.
11.How many points can the man get?
A.5,000. B.10,000. C.20,000.
12.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A.Workmates. B.Ticket seller and buyer. C.Travel agent and customer.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.Why does the woman have to stay at home?
A.She is stuck at home by the rain.
B.She is preparing for a birthday party.
C.She is willing to cook for grandparents.
14.What will the woman donate?
A.Her clothes. B.Her bike. C.Some food.
15.What is the man going to do next?
A.Talk to Jenny. B.Invite grandparents. C.Donate some money.
16.What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A.A yard sale. B.An invitation. C.A birthday plan.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What is the theme of this trip?
A.History. B.Literature. C.Architecture.
18.Why is London chosen?
A.The price of tickets is reasonable.
B.The COVID-19 virus is considered.
C.The availability of tickets is the main concern.
19.Why do they plan to take the subway?
A.To avoid the traffic. B.To do some research. C.To prevent being lost.
20.What’s the lucky part of this trip?
AWalking to the museum.
B.Attending an expert report.
C.Taking photos in the museum.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Top Destinations for Adventure Travel in 2023
The adventures you and your family take are an excellent way to bring your family closer together, enjoy beautiful scenery, and help you feel young and energetic. Here are some top destinations for adventure travel in 2023.
Austria
If you love winter sports, traveling to Austria won’t disappoint you. There are tons of adventure opportunities, including exploring the rolling hills on a fat bike and tobogganing (乘橇滑雪) down mountainsides. You can also climb a frozen wall!
Canada
Canada is the world’s second-largest country, which means endless adventure opportunities. You can walk with polar bears, watch grizzly bears, and canoe in isolated lakes to watch moose (驼鹿). Not to mention, because Canada’s coastline is the longest in the world, there are a lot of coastal adventures!
Chile
Located between the Pacific Ocean and the Andes Mountains, Chile’s Patagonia Park gives explorers so many opportunities. Check out the Atacama Desert, where you’ll feel like you’ve landed on the moon while exploring a natural spring that sometimes sends hot water or steam up into the air and the salt-flats that look like white still ocean.
Galapagos Islands
With its location 600 miles from Ecuador, animal lovers and outdoor adventurers feel like the Galapagos Islands are heaven on Earth. Many species are endemic, which means they are not found anywhere else in the world. You can explore Devil’s Crown, an dead volcanic cone (火山锥) near Floreana Island. Watch sea lions sunbathe on Gardner Bay’s beach or check out the tortoises in Santa Cruz, and more!
1. What will a traveler to Austria enjoy?
A. Winter sports. B. Coastal adventures.
C. Hot springs. D. Volcano scenes.
2. Where would a wildlife lover like to go?
A. Austria or Canada. B. Austria or Chile.
C. Canada or Galapagos Islands. D. Chile or Galapagos Islands.
3. What can we infer from the text?
A. Austria offers otherworldly scenery.
B. Canada ranks second in coastline length.
C. Chile is noted for a moon-themed park.
D. Galapagos Islands have unique wildlife.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Austria部分“If you love winter sports, traveling to Austria won’t disappoint you. (如果你喜欢冬季运动，去奥地利旅游一定不会让你失望)”可知，去奥地利的游客会享受冬季运动。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Canada部分“You can walk with polar bears, watch grizzly bears, and canoe in isolated lakes to watch moose (驼鹿). (你可以和北极熊一起散步，看灰熊，在偏僻的湖泊里划独木舟看驼鹿)”和Galapagos Islands部分“With its location 600 miles from Ecuador, animal lovers and outdoor adventurers feel like the Galapagos Islands are heaven on Earth.(加拉帕戈斯群岛距离厄瓜多尔600英里，动物爱好者和户外冒险家觉得加拉帕戈斯群岛是地球上的天堂)”可知，野生动物爱好者会喜欢去加拿大或加拉帕戈斯群岛。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据Galapagos Islands中“With its location 600 miles from Ecuador, animal lovers and outdoor adventurers feel like the Galapagos Islands are heaven on Earth. Many species are endemic, which means they are not found anywhere else in the world.(加拉帕戈斯群岛距离厄瓜多尔600英里，动物爱好者和户外冒险家觉得加拉帕戈斯群岛是地球上的天堂。许多物种是当地特有的，这意味着它们在世界其他地方都找不到)”可推知，加拉帕戈斯群岛有独特的野生动物。故选D项。
B
Last year, I spent my holiday with some of my children and grandchildren in a rented house in an unfamiliar neighborhood in Lakewood, New Jersey. Everyone in the area was super friendly and hospitable (好客的), offering to introduce themselves to us.
The home next door to us was particularly fascinating. In the yard, there was a trampoline (蹦床), a swing set and various toys and games that were particularly popular with young children. The owner was also very friendly and invited the kids to come over and play.
They played for hours on end. While we relaxed in our yard, perhaps feeling comfortable, perhaps enjoying each other’s company, perhaps forgetting that young children can’t be left too long without adults looking after them.
Unexpectedly, a small fight broke out. My 10-year-old grandson pushed the boy of the next door. At this point, the mother next door went to intervene (调停).
She came over to speak to us. Were I in that position, I would have been a very angry mother and complained about the bad behavior of these visiting children, and definitely sent them home.
What she did was quite the opposite. She spoke of their great pleasure in sharing the backyard, of a slight difficulty that had arisen and of the necessity of monitoring our children’s behavior. She told her children we were all their guests and that we should be respected and treated well. After that, these children got along well as before.
Honestly, I owed my thanks to the neighbor. Small as her actions may seem, they were big in our eyes. The neighbor not only kept the children happy but also taught me an unforgettable lesson in dealing with relationships. From her, I learned small and kind actions can bring warmth to people.
4. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To tell a story of warm friendship.
B. To describe an exciting trip experience.
C. To give advice on how to be a great mother.
D. To share a lesson the author learned from a neighbor.
5. What can be learned from the text?
A. The boy next door picked on the author’s grandson.
B. The children secretly went into the yard to play games.
C. The adults didn’t take good care of the children while relaxing.
D. The author’s family spent their holiday in her friend’s neighborhood.
6. Which of the following best describes the mother next door?
A. Kind and calm. B. Strict and tough.
C. Generous and curious. D. Rude and narrow-minded.
7. How will the author deal with a similar situation in the future?
A. She will leave without doing anything.
B. She will be patient and take kind actions.
C. She will teach her own children a good lesson.
D. She will stop troubling her hospitable neighbor.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【4题详解】
推理判断题。通读文章内容可知，文章末尾段部分“The neighbor not only kept the children happy but also taught me an unforgettable lesson in dealing with relationships. From her, I learned small and kind actions can bring warmth to people.(这位邻居不仅让孩子们开心，而且在处理人际关系方面给我上了难忘的一课。从她身上，我学到了微小而善良的行为可以给人们带来温暖。)”揭示了文章的主旨目的，即，作者通过讲述了旅行中邻居对孩子矛盾之间的调停行为，分享从邻居那里学会的重要的一课：微小而善良的行为给人带来温暖。这就是写作目的。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“While we relaxed in our yard, perhaps feeling comfortable, perhaps enjoying each other’s company, perhaps forgetting that young children can’t be left too long without adults looking after them.(当我们在院子里放松的时候，也许是感觉很舒服，也许是享受彼此的陪伴，也许是忘记了孩子们不能离开大人太久。)”可知，大人们沉浸在放松享受中以致于忘记了孩子们离开大人太久，即，在放松的时候，大人们没有照顾好孩子们。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“The owner was also very friendly and invited the kids to come over and play.(主人也非常友好，邀请孩子们过来玩。)”可知，这位妈妈主动邀请孩子一起玩耍，是一个好心善良的妈妈；而根据文章第六段内容“She spoke of their great pleasure in sharing the backyard, of a slight difficulty that had arisen and of the necessity of monitoring our children’s behavior. She told her children we were all their guests and that we should be respected and treated well. After that, these children got along well as before.(她谈到了他们分享后院的快乐，谈到了出现的一点小困难，以及监督孩子们行为的必要性。她告诉她的孩子们，我们都是他们的客人，我们应该受到尊重和善待。从那以后，这些孩子就像以前一样相处得很好。)”可知，这位妈妈主动调停孩子间的矛盾，并与作者一家进行了友善的交谈，说明她在面对孩子的问题时很冷静。因此，A项“Kind and calm.(善良而冷静。)”符合这位妈妈的性格特点。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“The neighbor not only kept the children happy but also taught me an unforgettable lesson in dealing with relationships. From her, I learned small and kind actions can bring warmth to people.(这位邻居不仅让孩子们开心，而且在处理人际关系方面给我上了难忘的一课。从她身上，我学到了微小而善良的行为可以给人们带来温暖。)”可知，作者从这位妈妈身上学到了“微小而善良的行为可以给人们带来温暖”的道理，由此可推知，在将来，作者应该会像这位妈妈一样在处理问题时有耐心，且并采取友好的行动。故选B项。
C
More than a third of the world’s population lives in dry lands, areas that experience significant water shortages. Scientists at the University of Texas at Austin have developed a unique solution to help people in these areas access clean drinking water.
They developed a low-cost gel film (凝胶膜) that can pull water from the air in even the driest climate. Combining two simple ingredients, cellulose and konjac gum, the gel is inexpensive to produce. Just one kilogram of gel can absorb up to 6 liters of water in a dry climate. For those living in a climate with relative humidity (湿度), one kilogram of gel can collect up to 13 liters of water a day. As the gel is so inexpensive and easy to make, it may offer a way of providing drinking water to countries with water shortages.
Previously, researchers have harvested fresh water from fog and dew, but that only serves areas with high humidity. Other attempts at pulling water from desert air are typically energy-intensive and do not produce much. In fact, this gel is a vast improvement from previous water harvesting technologies. The maximum water harvested has been 5.87 liters in places with relative humidity. This new gel doubles this amount, uses no energy and is simple to operate and it can be made into a shape or size that best suits the user.
“This new work is about practical solutions that people can use to get water in the hottest, driest places on Earth,” said Guihua Yu, professor at the Cockrell School of Engineering. “This could allow millions of people without consistent access to drinking water to have simple, water generating devices at home that they can easily operate.”
“This is not something you need an advanced degree to use” the paper’s lead author, Youhong Guo said. “It’s straightforward enough that anyone can make it at home if they have the materials.” Scientists are planning on making a thicker gel that will increase the yield, making this technology a practicable solution to drought.
8. What can we know about the gel film from paragraph 2?
A. It can increase the humidity of the air.
B. It can harvest drinking water from the air.
C. It has been widely applied in desert areas.
D. It costs lots of money and energy to produce.
9. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The advantages of the new gel.
B. The process of producing the new gel.
C. The tough living conditions in dry regions.
D. The theory of water harvesting technologies.
10. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. An advanced degree. B. An expensive material.
C. A water harvesting device. D. A non-stopping condition of drought.
11. What do scientists plan to do next?
A. Develop a thicker gel. B. Raise money for further research.
C. Produce the gel in large quantities. D. Teach people to make the gel at home.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“They developed a low-cost gel film that can pull water from the air in even the driest climate.(他们开发了一种低成本的凝胶膜，即使在最干燥的气候下也能从空气中吸收水分。)”，以及“As the gel is so inexpensive and easy to make, it may offer a way of providing drinking water to countries with water shortages.(由于这种凝胶既便宜又容易制造，它可能为水资源短缺的国家提供饮用水。)”可知，这种凝胶膜可以吸收空气中的水分，可能成为为水资源短缺的国家提供饮用水的一种方式。故选B项。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段的关键句“In fact, this gel is a vast improvement from previous water harvesting technologies.(事实上，这种凝胶是对以前的水收集技术的巨大改进。)”以及“This new gel doubles this amount, uses no energy and is simple to operate and it can be made into a shape or size that best suits the user.(这种新型凝胶的收集量翻了一番，不消耗能量，操作简单，可以被制成最适合用户的形状或大小。)”可知，该段主要讲述了这种凝胶膜是在以前的水收集技术上的巨大改进，收集量大大提高，不耗能，易操作，且具有便捷携带性。即，该段主要讲到了这种凝胶膜的优势。故选A项。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。分析可知，该段内容与上一段内容均是对这种凝胶膜的积极评价，因此结合前后文语境可推知，“it”所在句“It’s straightforward enough that anyone can make it at home if they have the materials.”与前文“This could allow millions of people without consistent access to drinking water to have simple, water generating devices at home that they can easily operate.(这将使数百万无法持续获得饮用水的人在家中拥有简单的、易于操作的产水装置。)”为同义句表达，由此可推知，“it”应与前文“water generating devices(产水装置)”所指相同。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章末尾句内容“Scientists are planning on making a thicker gel that will increase the yield, making this technology a practicable solution to drought.(科学家们正计划制造一种更厚的凝胶，以提高产量，使这项技术成为解决干旱的可行方案。)”可知，科学家们正在计划研制一种更厚的凝胶，因此可推知，科学家下一步要做的是制造一种更厚的凝胶。故选A项。
D
While the situation may be improving, much of the world is still under the shadow of COVID-19 and its associated containment measures. But according to a study published in the scientific journal Cell, an unlikely friend could help defeat the virus.
Known for their long legs and beautiful eyelashes, llamas (美洲驼) — specifically their antibodies (抗体) — are believed to play an important role in the fight against the virus.
Having experimented with antibodies from a llama called Winter years ago, a small lab at Ghent University in Belgium had a eureka moment earlier this year. They found that llama antibodies were able to neutralize (中和) both the MERS and SARS viruses — two strains of the coronavirus that caused previous outbreaks in 2012 and 2003, respectively.
Done in cooperation with the University of Texas, US, studies showed their effectiveness against COVID-19.
Jason McLellan, from the University of Texas at Austin and co-author of the study, said, “This is one of the first antibodies known to neutralize SARS-CoV-2.”
Antibodies are like your body’s defense system. Similar to tiny soldiers, they protect your body from invaders (入侵者) and destroy them before they can spread. But what makes llama antibodies so special is their small size, which enables them to better fight the virus by sticking to its spikes (刺突) more easily. This will prevent attachment and entry, which effectively neutralizes the virus.
The encouraging results have led to rapid development and testing of the antibodies so that they can be tested on humans as soon as possible. However, the study’s co-author, Xavier Saelens, from Ghent University noted that “there is still a lot of work to do to bring this into the clinic”. But he added that “if it works, llama Winter deserves a statue”.
12. Who is the unlikely friend mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. A researcher. B. A system.
C. A virus. D. An animal.
13. What does the underlined word “eureka” mean in paragraph 3?
A. It’s terrible. B. I’m fed up.
C. I found it. D. Let’s try harder.
14. What’s Xavier Saelens’ attitude towards applying the antibodies to the clinical practice?
A. Indifferent. B. Hopeful.
C. Negative. D. Disapproving.
15. What can we learn from the text?
A. The MERS virus caused a previous outbreak in 2003.
B. The small size enables llama antibodies to better fight the virus.
C. The llama antibodies’ tying to the spikes is able to kill the spikes.
D. It won’t be long before llama antibodies are ready for clinical use.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. B
【解析】
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But according to a study published in the scientific journal Cell, an unlikely friend could help defeat the virus.(但根据发表在科学杂志《细胞》上的一项研究，一个不太可能的朋友可以帮助打败病毒。)”和第二段“Known for their long legs and beautiful eyelashes, llamas (美洲驼) — specifically their antibodies (抗体) — are believed to play an important role in the fight against the virus.(美洲驼——特别是它们的抗体——以其长腿和美丽的睫毛而闻名，被认为在对抗病毒方面发挥着重要作用。)”可知，第一段中提到的那个不太可能的朋友是一种动物——美洲驼。故选D项。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Having experimented with antibodies from a llama called Winter years ago, a small lab at Ghent University in Belgium had a eureka moment earlier this year.(几年前，比利时根特大学的一个小实验室对一只名叫“冬天”的美洲驼的抗体进行了实验，今年早些时候，他们突然……。)”和下文“They found that llama antibodies were able to neutralize (中和) both the MERS and SARS viruses — two strains of the coronavirus that caused previous outbreaks in 2012 and 2003, respectively. (他们发现美洲驼抗体能够中和中东呼吸综合征和SARS病毒，这两种冠状病毒分别在2012年和2003年引发了疫情)”可知，比利时根特大学的一个小实验室几年前对一只美洲驼的抗体进行了实验，但只到今年早些时候，他们突然有了新的发现，发现了美洲驼抗体能够中和中东呼吸综合征和SARS病毒。由此推知，“eureka moment”是指顿悟时刻，有了新的发现。结合选项，eureka指“发现”。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Xavier Saelens的话“there is still a lot of work to do to bring this into the clinic (要将其应用于临床，还有很多工作要做)” 和“if it works, llama Winter deserves a statue”(如果这一计划有效，那么冬天羊驼应该拥有一座雕像)”可推和，Xavier还是很期待将抗体应用于临床实践的到来的，所以他的态度应该是“充满希望的”。故选B项。
15题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“But what makes llama antibodies so special is their small size, which enables them to better fight the virus by sticking to its spikes more easily. (但是羊驼抗体的特别之处在于它们的小尺寸，这使得它们能够更好地对抗病毒，更容易地粘附在病毒的尖刺上。)”可知，羊驼抗体因其尺寸小，能够更好地运用于对抗病毒。故选B项。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The gym can be scary for a beginner. Whether you’re a fitness green hand or getting back in the game, not knowing what to do in the gym can be a very real fear. ___16___ Here are some ways to get started in the gym.
Chat with the staff. The fitness staff is friendly and ready to help! A simple “hello” to a staff member when you walk in the door can really promote your mood. ___17___ It’ll be much easier to go back to the gym regularly if you know that some friendly people there are waiting.
___18___ Don’t know what to do in the gym? Don’t be afraid to ask for help—that’s what the staff members are there for! A quick tour of the equipment or even some practice on the machines can be extremely beneficial. A trainer will provide you with a complete demonstration to get you feeling comfortable in no time!
Get started on a simple machine. If you’re unsure where to start, sticking with the basics is a great way to go. Walk on the treadmill (跑步机) that you may be familiar with and start at a gentle pace. ___19___ Even if you don’t have a sweat part, you’ll have still moved your body and gotten used to the gym equipment. And that’s a hopeful start.
Try a 30-minute circuit. Circuit training is a super effective way to train, whether you’re a beginner or a more experienced gym-goer, and is the perfect solution when you don’t know what to do in the gym. It allows you to work multiple muscle groups in one workout. The best part: It’s a preplanned workout. ___20___
A. Ask for a tour.
B. Share your tour with others.
C But it truly doesn’t have to be.
D Work your way up to a fast run.
E. But it can be a scary experience.
F. So all you have to do is follow along.
G. So your confidence in the gym will build up at once.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. F
【解析】
【16题详解】
根据上文“Whether you’re a fitness green hand or getting back in the game, not knowing what to do in the gym can be a very real fear.(无论你是健身新手还是重返健身馆，不知道在健身房做什么都是一种真正的恐惧)”和下文“Here are some ways to get started in the gym.(这里有一些开始健身的方法)”可知，不管是新手还是重返健身馆的人都会因为不知道做什么感到一定程度的恐惧，而事实上有方法可以让人们开始在健身房健身。由此可知，感到恐惧是不必的。C项“(But it truly doesn’t have to be.但其实不必如此)”符合题意，it指代上文提到的事情，且选项引出下文。故选C。
【17题详解】
根据上文“A simple “hello” to a staff member when you walk in the door can really promote your mood.(当你走进健身房时，跟工作人员简单地说声“你好”就能提升你的情绪)”和下文“It’ll be much easier to go back to the gym regularly if you know that some friendly people there are waiting.(如果你知道有一些友好的人在那里等着你，你就会更容易定期回到健身房)”可知，主动和健身房工作人员打招呼能提升人们的情绪，这样就更容易定期去健身。由此可知，主动和员工打招呼会提高人们的自信，以至于之后能常常去健身。G项“So your confidence in the gym will build up at once.(所以你在健身房的信心会立刻建立起来)”符合题意，与上文构成因果关系。故选G。
【18题详解】
空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Don’t know what to do in the gym? Don’t be afraid to ask for help—that’s what the staff members are there for! A quick tour of the equipment or even some practice on the machines can be extremely beneficial. A trainer will provide you with a complete demonstration to get you feeling comfortable in no time!(不知道在健身房做什么？不要害怕寻求帮助，这是工作人员的职责所在！快速浏览设备，甚至在机器上进行一些练习都会非常有益。培训师将为您提供完整的演示，让您在任何时候都感到舒适！)”可知，本段的建议要求工作人员带领参观健身房。A项“Ask for a tour.(要求参观)”可以概括本段内容。故选A。
【19题详解】
根据主旨句“Get started on a simple machine.(从一台简单的机器开始)”可知，本段建议从简单的活动开始。结合上文“Walk on the treadmill (跑步机) that you may be familiar with and start at a gentle pace.(在你可能熟悉的跑步机上行走，并以缓慢的步伐开始)”可知，在熟悉的跑步机上用缓慢的速度开始。由此推知，在熟悉之后可以慢慢加快速度。D项“Work your way up to a fast run.(慢慢练习到快跑)”符合题意，fast run呼应上文的gentle pace。故选D。
【20题详解】
空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Circuit training is a super effective way to train, whether you’re a beginner or a more experienced gym-goer, and is the perfect solution when you don’t know what to do in the gym. It allows you to work multiple muscle groups in one workout. The best part: It’s a preplanned workout. (循环训练是一种超级有效的训练方式，无论你是新手还是有经验的健身爱好者，当你不知道在健身房做什么时，它是完美的解决方案。它可以让你在一次训练中锻炼多个肌肉群。最棒的是：这是事先计划好的锻炼 )”可知，循环训练是一种事先计划好并且超级有效的训练方式，由此可知，人们只要按照计划去做就可以。F项“So all you have to do is follow along.(所以你所要做的就是照做就可以了)”符合题意，总结上文。故选F。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Caitlin took her daughter, Lacey, to a toy store to pick something out. Lacey had been ___21___ £10 from her grandmother.
Lacey was trying to pick ___22___ that were more than £10, but the mother kept telling her she couldn’t, which ___23___ was a hard choice for the little girl. When they were in the aisle (过道), one ___24___ came over. And he asked if he could give Caitlin a gift card. The truth ___25___ that someone who had bought it asked the store workers to find a child of pre-school age to give it to.
And that gift card had been left by a woman in ___26___ of her daughter, who would have ___27___ four years old that day. After hearing that, Caitlin was heartbroken and just started to ___28___, and then the workers were crying too. It was very ___29___.
What a ____30____ way for that mother to ____31____ her daughter! In the store everyone’s heart went out to her for her ____32____ loss. Caitlin shared this ____33____ on social media and just wanted to say a huge thank you.
“She made my girl so happy and I am thinking about her and her family. It is very kind what she has done, and it has ____34____ other people to do the same,” Caitlin wrote. Hopefully, the mother is blessed as she continues to remember her little girl by spreading ____35____ to others.
21. A. borrowed B. paid C. collected D. gifted
22. A. cards B. candies C. toys D. pens
23. A. obviously B. surprisingly C. differently D. luckily
24. A. volunteer B. employee C. customer D. friend
25. A. came up B. got around C. went on D. turned out
26. A. support B. memory C. praise D. search
27. A. turned B. made C. bought D. took
28. A. leave B. comment C. cry D. nod
29. A. emotional B. interesting C. risky D. powerful
30. A. funny B. relaxing C. sweet D. careful
31. A. accept B. honor C. satisfy D. hug
32. A. confusing B. weak C. incredible D. awkward
33. A. experience B. hobby C. photo D. request
34. A. advised B. persuaded C. allowed D. inspired
35. A. confidence B. kindness C. knowledge D. worry
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：莱西的祖母给了她10英镑。A. borrowed借来；B. paid支付；C. collected收集；D. gifted赠送。根据“from her grandmother”推知，这10英镑是祖母赠送给莱西的。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：莱西试着挑选超过10英镑的玩具，但妈妈一直告诉她不能，这对小女孩来说显然是一个艰难的选择。A. cards卡片；B. candies糖果；C. toys玩具；D. pens钢笔。根据上文“Caitlin took her daughter, Lacey, to a toy store to pick something out.”可知，此处是指莱西挑选玩具。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. obviously明显地，显然；B. surprisingly令人惊讶地；C. differently不同地；D. luckily幸运地。根据“a hard choice for the little girl”并结合常识可知，对于小女孩来说挑选不超过10英镑的玩具显然很难。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她们在过道上时，一个员工走了过来。A. volunteer志愿者；B. employee员工；C. customer顾客；D. friend朋友。根据下文“And he asked if he could give Caitlin a gift card.”推知，向她们走来的一个员工。且下文“asked the store workers to find a child of pre-school age to give it to”也是提示。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实证明，有人买了它，要求店员找一个学龄前的孩子赠送它。A. came up走过来；B. got around四处走动；C. went on继续；D. turned out证明是，结果是。根据“that someone who had bought it asked the store workers to find a child of pre-school age to give it to.”可知，事实是有人买了礼品卡并要求店员送给一个学龄前的孩子。turn out“证明是，结果是”符合题意。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那张礼品卡是一位女士为了纪念她的女儿而留下的，她的女儿当天本该满四岁。A. support支持；B. memory记忆；C. praise表扬；D. search搜索，寻找。根据“After hearing that, Caitlin was heartbroken”和“for her ___12___ loss”推知，女士的女儿离世了，她这样做是为了纪念她。in memory of“为了纪念”。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. turned转动，变成；B. made使，制作；C. bought购买；D. took拿，带。根据“four years old that day”可知，用turn符合题意，turn four years old“年满四岁”。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：凯特琳听到后心碎了，哭了起来，然后工人们也哭了起来。A. leave离开；B. comment评论；C. cry哭，大叫；D. nod点头。根据“and then the workers were crying too.”可知，凯特琳听到员工的话后哭了起来。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这很有感染力。A. emotional情绪的，有感染力的；B. interesting有趣的；C. risky冒险的；D. powerful强大的。根据上文“After hearing that, Caitlin was heartbroken and just started to ___8___, and then the workers were crying too.”可知，女士的故事很有感染力。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位母亲用多么甜美的方式纪念她的女儿啊！A. funny滑稽的；B. relaxing令人放松的；C. sweet甜的，甜美的；D. careful小心的。根据上文“And that gift card had been left by a woman in ___6___ of her daughter”推知，女士用送购物卡来纪念女儿的方式很甜美。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. accept接受；B. honor尊重，纪念；C. satisfy使满意；D. hug拥抱。根据下文“she continues to remember her little girl by spreading ___15___ to others.”可知，女士的女儿已经离世，因此此处是指用这种方式纪念她。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：商店里的每个人都为她令人难以置信的损失感到难过。A. confusing令人困惑的；B. weak虚弱的；C. incredible难以置信的；D. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的。根据上文“And that gift card had been left by a woman in ___6___ of her daughter, who would have ___7___ four years old that day.”可知，女士的女儿不到四岁就离世了，这对女士来说是令人难以置信的损失。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：凯特琳在社交媒体上分享了这段经历，并且想说一声“十分感谢”。A. experience经历，经验；B. hobby爱好；C. photo照片；D. request请求。结合上文故事可知，这是凯特琳在超市的一次经历。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“她让我的女儿很开心，我想到了她和她的家人。她所做的非常善良，也激励了其他人也这么做，”凯特琳写道。A. advised建议；B. persuaded说服；C. allowed允许；D. inspired启发，激励。根据下文“other people to do the same”可知，女士的行为也激励其他人去做善事。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：充满希望的是，这位母亲是有福的，因为她通过向他人传播善意来继续纪念她的小女儿。A. confidence信心；B. kindness善良；C. knowledge知识；D. worry担心。根据上文“It is very kind what she has done”可知，女士向他人传播善意。故选B。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the early 19th century, cholera ___36___ (severe) hit Europe, which caused millions of ___37___ (death). At that time, as a famous doctor in London, John Snow was so expert that he attended to Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he never gave up his desire to defeat “King Cholera” and save common people’s lives.
Cholera was a deadly disease and ___38___ (it) cause was not understood. John Snow rose to face the challenge and solve the problem. He suspected that cholera ___39___ (cause) by an infection from germs in food or water, but he needed proof. So when another severe outbreak hit London, he began to investigate by ___40___ (mark) on a map the exact places ___41___ all those who died had lived. Then he found that many victims during the outbreak were near the water pump, so he had the handle removed. As ___42___ result, soon the disease slowed down. He was sure that the water pump was ___43___ (blame) and people should drink pure or ___44___ (boil) water.
The water companies were instructed not to sell people the polluted water any more. Thanks ____45____ the work of John Snow, finally “King Cholera” was defeated.
【答案】36. severely
37. deaths 38. its
39. was caused
40. making 41. where
42. a 43. to blame
44. boiled 45. to
【解析】
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：19世纪初，霍乱严重地袭击了欧洲，造成数百万人死亡。本题填空处后面出现了动词“hit”，提示词“severe”是形容词需要转换成副词，修饰动词。故填severely。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：19世纪初，霍乱严重地袭击了欧洲，造成数百万人死亡。本题填空处前面有修饰语“millions of”后面需要填写名词复数，而提示词“death”是名词变成复数在后面添加“s”。故填deaths。
【38题详解】
考查代词。句意：霍乱是一种致命的疾病，其病因也不清楚。本题填空处前面有“and”并列连词连接句子，说明and后是完整句子，句中“was”是谓语动词，说明“cause”是名词词性，因此“it”需要转变为形容词性物主代词修饰cause名词。故填its。
【39题详解】
考查动词被动语态。句意：他怀疑霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的，但他需要证据。本题中主句主谓部分是“He suspected”后接that引导的宾语从句，在从句中cause作为谓语动词，表示“造成”的意思，而且与从句中主语“cholera”有被动关系，这是发生在19世纪的故事，要使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was caused。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，当另一场严重的疫情袭击伦敦时，他开始通过在地图上标记所有死者曾经居住过的确切地点的方式来进行调查。本题填空处前有介词“by”，后面需要使用动词的现在分词形式，“by doing”表示“通过某种方式”。故填making。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：因此，当另一场严重的疫情袭击伦敦时，他开始通过在地图上标记所有死者曾经居住过的确切地点的方式来进行调查。本题填空处没有提示词，所以需要从句子层面来思考。本句主句部分是“he began to investigate by marking on a map the exact places ”，在句子中“places”是先行词，后面使用定语从句对places修饰，观察定从中“all those who died had lived”与先行词的关系，从句缺少地点状语，使用表示地点的关系副词。故填where。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：结果，疾病很快就减缓了。固定短语“as a result”意思是“结果”，可知本题需要填写冠词a。故填a。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他确信水泵应该负主要责任，人们应该喝纯净水或煮沸的水。固定短语“be to blame”表示“该受责备、应承担责任”的意思，因此本题应该使用动词不定式填写。故填to blame。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他确信水泵应该负主要责任，人们应该喝纯净水或煮沸的水。本题填空处后面有名词“water”。而且空格处与形容词“pure(纯净的)”形成并列，而提示词boil是动词，需要使用过去分词作定语修饰名词。故填boiled。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：由于约翰·斯诺的工作，“疾病之王霍乱”终于被打败了。根据固定短语“thanks to”表示“多亏了、由于”的意思。故填to。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，你的加拿大朋友Freddy来信说他即将作为交换生来你校学习，并想找一个寄宿家庭。请给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1.邀请他来你家寄宿;
2.说明你家的情况。
注意：
1.词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Freddy,
Welcome to our school as an exchange student.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I am looking forward to your coming soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Freddy,
Welcome to our school as an exchange student.
Hearing that you are searching for a host family, I’m more than delighted to invite you to come to my family.
In my family, there are three members including my father, my mother and me. My father is a businessman, who is often on business. So he seldom stays at home. My mother, as a housewife, is extremely kind and enthusiastic. In my family there is a spare room where you can live. The room is very clean and comfortable. If you come, we can study and play together. What’s also worth mentioning is that my mother is good at cooking. As a result, it’s a great opportunity for you to enjoy different kinds of Chinese food.
I am looking forward to your coming soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【详解】1.词汇积累
寻找：search for→seek for
高兴的：delighted→pleased
擅长：be good at→do well in/ be skilled in
因此：as a result→ as a consequence
2.句式拓展
简单句变成复合句
原句：My mother, as a housewife, is extremely kind and enthusiastic.
拓展句：My mother, who is a housewife, is extremely kind and enthusiastic.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Hearing that you are searching for a homestay, I’m more than delighted to invite you to come to my family.（运用了现在分词作状语）
【高分句型2】What’s also worth mentioning is that my mother is good at cooking.（运用了what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句）
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the summer after I became a running coach in a middle school and I heard that the yearly Special Sports Meeting would take place soon in town. So I decided to volunteer for it. On the list was a participant named Vernon who I mentored (指导) and coached only for a few times before. I had no idea what to expect and didn’t have any experience working with disabled children.
When I arrived at the event, I came with the intention and desire to help uplift this young man’s spirits. I went over to the big tent in the middle of the field, met the director of the Special Sports Meeting and then met Vernon, the 14-year-old boy living with Down’s syndrome (唐氏综合征).
I went up to Vernon and shared with him that I was on the track and field team at school and enjoyed the variety of events. I noticed that Vernon looked down most of the time and didn’t have much to say. At that point, I didn’t know whether he was disinterested in the conversation, wasn’t able to communicate with me, or didn’t understand what I was saying. It didn’t matter because I was there just to inspire him and anyway I would cheer for him during the game. Then we jogged together for a while before the game formally began. I wanted to support him or make him a little relaxed in this way, at least I thought so. Yet, little did I know at the moment that Vernon was the one who would inspire me and that he would make an impression on me that would last a lifetime.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Soon Vernon and other participants started to run the race.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Vernon ran toward me, giving me a big bear hug.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Soon Vernon and other participants started to run the race. All the players generally rushed out of the starting line when hearing the command. At the beginning, everyone was almost fast. Vernon also tried his best to catch up with others. He ran so hard that I saw the sweat on his face. Suddenly he had a fall on the second lap and his knees were hurt. Worried about his condition, I ran to him and checked him anxiously. “Are you alright?” I asked. He nodded his head and struggled to his feet to continue the race. I lifted him up and said, “I am sure you can. Do your best!” He looked at me gratefully. Finally he finished the race, though he was not the champion.
Vernon ran toward me, giving me a big bear hug. I smiled happily and said, “Well done.” I was deeply moved by his spirits. When facing difficulties, you won’t be defeated as long as you don’t give up.
【解析】
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“不久弗农和其他参与者开始赛跑。”可知，第一段可描写弗农参加比赛的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“弗农跑向我，给了我一个大大的拥抱。”可知，第二段可描写作者对于观看弗农比赛的感悟。
2.续写线索：比赛过程——比赛失误——帮助——鼓励——比赛结果——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.开始比赛：start to run the race /begin to run the race
②.继续比赛：continue the race /keep on the race
③.摔倒：have a fall /fall down /trip
情绪类
①.感动的：moved /touched
②.焦急地：anxiously /inquietly/uneasily
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