2022-2023学年河南省商丘市名校联盟高二上学期期中英语试卷（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年河南省商丘市名校联盟高二上学期期中英语试卷（解析版），共23页。试卷主要包含了0分），" Valencia says等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年河南省商丘市名校联盟高二（上）期中英语试卷
题号
一
二
三
四
五
六
总分
得分







注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Your Silver Passport to Travel the World
The 5 Most Popular Pure Silver Coins on Earth in One Set

Travel the globe，without leaving home-with this set of the world's five most popular pure silver coins.Newly struck for 2022 in 28.53 grams of fine silver，each coin will arrive in Brilliant Uncirculated （BU）condition.Your trip includes stops in the United States，China，South Africa，Australia and Canada.
2022 American Silver Eagle：The Silver Eagle is the single most popular coin in the world.2022 represents the first full year of release（发布） of the Silver Eagle's new Eagles Landing reverse design introduced midway through last year to honor the coin's 35th anniversary（周年纪念日）.Struck in 99.9% fine silver at the U.S.Mint.
2022 South African Krugerrand：The Krugerrand continues to be the best-known，most respected numismatic coin brand in the world.2022 is the 5th anniversary of the first silver Krugerrand.Struck in 99.9% fine silver at the South African Mint.
2022 China Silver Panda：Since its first issue the China Panda coin series has been one of the most widely collected series ever highlighted by one-year-only designs.This 2022 Panda features its first-ever privy mark honoring the coin's 40th anniversary.Struck in 99.9% fine silver at the China Mint.
2022 Australia Wedge Tailed Eagle：Introduced in 2014，the Wedge-Tailed Eagle is the first-ever cooperation between U.S Mint designer John Mercanti and a foreign mint.With a new design for 2022，it's struck in 99.9% fine silver at the Perth Mint.
2022 Canada Maple Leaf：Since 1988，theSilver Maple Leaf's elegant design has made it a highly sought-after bullion coin．The 2022 coin features anti-counterfeit（防伪）security technology-radial lines and a microengraved （微雕）maple leaf with the number "22".Struck in 99.99% fine silver at the Royal Canadian Mint.


1. How many countries are mentioned in the advertisement？ ______
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
2. Which set of silver coins is issued the latest？ ______
A. 2022 American Silver Eagle.
B. 2022 South African Krugerrand.
C. 2022 China Silver Panda.
D. 2022 Australia Wedge Tailed Eagle.
3. Which of the following has never changed its design？ ______
A. 2022 American Silver Eagle.
B. 2022 China Silver Panda.
C. 2022 Australia Wedge Tailed Eagle.
D. 2022 Canada Maple Leaf.
B
Chongqing，a city of more than 32 million people，faced an unheard-of test this summer with a heat wave and drought causing a series of large wildfires since Aug 17.
Local residents have safeguarded their hometown in every way possible，with thousands of volunteers from all walks of life fighting the fires with professionals.
Under a very hot sun，some residents used chain saws（锯） to fell trees to make fire barriers.Others rode motorcycles on newly formed paths to take firefighters and supplies up a mountain，while some volunteers carried food and drinks on their backs by foot.Women and children helped organize supplies and clear the ground，and performed other essential tasks.
On Thursday night，as wildfires approached a man-made barrier on Jinyun Mountain in Beibei district，a total of more than 1000 firefighters and volunteers stood alongside the barrier with fire extinguishers.Seen from overhead，their lights formed a silver wall against the raging fire.
The residents' stories have touched many people.
"Chongqing people are really amazing." said Du Hailang，head of the Beijing Emergency Rescue Association，an NGO founded in 2007 that has taken part in many overseas rescue operations.Du and 10 other members of the association joined the fire rescue team in Chongqing last week.
"The man-made wall was unbelievable，but shocking.It really showed Chinese people's determination to defend their homeland." Du said.
The outstanding work of the volunteers and the hospitality of local residents impressed the firefighters，too•••
Bai Xueguang，from Gansu Forest Fire Brigade，said， "I never imagined that I would have ice cream and cold drinks at a fire rescue site."
Zhou Hongyu，from Yunnan Forest Fire Brigade，said every volunteer he met at the scene asked him if he needed anything "It was the first time I had taken a motorcycle to reach a fire scene.We really appreciate the locals' hospitality.Their support has been wonderful." Zhou said.
4. What test that never had happened before did Chongqing face this summer？ ______
A. A heat wave. B. Drought. C. Wildfires. D. Flood.
5. Why did the local residents actively participate in fighting the fires？ ______
A. To show their enthusiasm.
B. To impress professional firefighters.
C. To get paid from it.
D. To protect their homeland.
6. Which of the following best describes the volunteers in the fight against wildfires？ ______
A. Responsible and helpful. B. Enthusiastic and faithful.
C. Reliable and honest. D. Ambitious and determined.
7. What can we learn from the report？ ______
A. No pains，no gains. B. Hard work pays off.
C. Love breaks down barriers. D. Many hands make light work.
C
Some American states are making money available for high school graduates so they can learn skills to help them get technology jobs without a college degree.
One example is the northeastern state of Connecticut.It has invested ＄70 million to put young people and adults through short-term training programs that can lead to good paying technology jobs.
The programs are known as "non-degree skills training."They have helped people like Mohameth Seck，who left college after two years.Seck said he wanted to work in technology but the classes he was offered in a traditional college program "weren't really interesting" to him.He also said traditional college takes too long to finish.
So Seck decided to enter a one-year computer training program run by a nonprofit organization.Today，the 25-year-old teaches computer coding at a skills training center，or academy，in Stamford，Connecticut.Eck said friends who finished the program also have good jobs.
Research carried out by Georgetown University's Center on Education and the Workforce showed that people who do get a college degree earn about 84 percent more over their lifetimes.But not everyone can get into，pay for or do well in college.
David Soo leads an organization called Jobs for the Future.He said the college model that has been in place for the last 40 years does not work for everyone.And this is especially true for students who are Black，Hispanic（拉美裔美国人）or whose families do not make a lot of money."We need to find a better way to serve those students."Soo said.
Anthony Carnevale is the leader of Georgetown's Center on Education and the Workforce.He said that while job training is good，it is not 100 percent correct to tell people they cannot benefit from a college degree.
One reason companies might hire college graduates is because they think they might have better communication and teamwork skills.
8. What did Seck think of the training program？ ______
A. Boring. B. Time-consuming.
C. Rewarding. D. Demanding.
9. Which statement is Not true？ ______
A. Some students can't afford to go to college.
B. Some students are incapable of getting into college.
C. The programs offer more choices to lead to a good job.
D. People cannot benefit from a college degree.
10. Who will most benefit from the short-term training programs according to David Soo？ ______
A. Minority and poor families. B. Everyone in America.
C. African-American students. D. College graduates.
11. What can be improved for the short-term training programs according to the last paragraph？ ______
A. Expanding in size.
B. Being given more financial support.
C. Including interpersonal skills in the programs.
D. Teaching how to write code or design websites.
D
Few things come with no disadvantages at all.Even education is not always a pure good.Over the past few decades，East Asia has seen a surprising rise in the rate of short-sightedness.And a growing pile of evidence suggests that the main potential reason for this is education-specifically，the fact that children spend large parts of the day in comparatively dimly lit classrooms.
The evidence suggests that regular exposure to bright daylight is vital in properly controlling the growth of children's eyes.Too little light leads to lengthened，short-sighted eyes.Researchers think that this explains why rates are so high in Asia，where a strong cultural emphasis on the value of education leads to long school days and often private tutoring in the afternoon and evening.That leaves little time for sunshine.Western children，whose parents are increasingly worried by a competitive jobs market that threatens much less secure employment than they enjoyed，are beginning to go the same way.
Special eyedrops（眼药水），as well as clever glasses and contact lenses（隐形眼镜），may be able to slow the progression of myopia（近视）once it has started.But prevention is better than ，and the science suggests a cheap，straightforward measure.A series of encouraging trials show that giving school children and especially those in primary education-more time outside can cut the number who go on to develop myopia.
Governments are well placed to solve such collective-action problems，while reassuring anxious parents that a bit less classroom time is unlikely to be ruinous.After all，countries such as Finland and Sweden do well in global education rankings with a less intense approach to education.Giving more outdoor time to young children would still leave room for them to cram（突击准备）for exams in their teenage years.Far-sighted governments should send the kids outdoors.
12. What is a problem with education in East Asia？ ______
A. Intense competition.
B. Increase in the rate of short-sightedness.
C. Dimly lit classrooms.
D. A lack of teaching equipment.
13. What makes the rate of short-sightedness in Asia so high？ ______
A. Students study indoors for too long.
B. Parents attach little importance to education.
C. Students study in terrible learning environment.
D. It results from a competitive jobs market.
14. What does the underlined word "mitigation" mean in paragraph 3？ ______
A. Making something less serious. B. Curing an illness or injury.
C. A change in something. D. Becoming worse.3
15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？ ______
A. Asia faces severe education problems.
B. Long school days are harmful to students.
C. Schools should send their students outside.
D. East Asia has seen a surprising rise in myopia.

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
Every day，We're bombarded（频频不断地） with so many decisions that it's impossible to make a perfect choice every time. (1) One particularly effective technique is critical thinking.
There are many different ways of approaching critical thinking，but here's one four-step process that may help you solve any number of problems：
Come up with your question. (2) This isn't always as straightforward as it sounds.For example，if you're deciding whether to try out the newest diet craze（狂热），your reasons for doing so may be not clear by other factors-like claims that you'll see results in just two weeks.
But，if you approach the situation with a clear view of what you're actually trying to accomplish by dieting，that'll equip you to examine this information critically，find what you're looking for，and decide whether the new craze really suits your needs.
Gather your information.There's lots of it out there. (3) If you're trying to decide on a diet to improve your nutrition，you may ask an expert for their advice，or seek other people's testimonies（证据）.Information gathering helps you weigh different options，moving you closer to a decision that meets your goal.
(4) -something you do by asking critical questions.Facing a decision，ask yourself，what concepts are at work？ ''What assumptions exist？' Is my interpretation of the information logically sound？'
Explore other points of view.Ask yourself why so many people are drawn to the policies of the opposing（反对）political candidate.Even if you disagree with everything that candidate says.
Exploring the full spectrum（范围）of viewpoints might explain why some policies that don't seem acceptable to you attract others. (5)

A．Apply the information.
B．Consider the possible effects or results.
C．In other words，know what you're looking for.
D．But，there are many ways to improve our chances.
E．Some are small and unimportant，but others have a larger impact on our lives.
F．Therefore，having a clear idea of your question will help you determine what's closely connected.
G．This will allow you to explore alternatives，evaluate your own choices，and ultimately help you make more informed decisions.
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H

三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）
The student arrived early，sat front and center，and stood out in my classroom in more ways than one.I'd say that he was about 40 years older than his classmates in my undergraduate(21)class at California State University，Los Angeles.He(22)jumped into class discussions，with his humor and wisdom of experience.And he was always(23)of other students' views， (24)each of them were a teacher.Jerry Valencia walked in with a smile and he left with one too. "These students gave me the(25)so that I didn't need to feel bad about my(26)." Valencia says.
One day，I(27)Valencia on campus.He said he would have to(28)taking classes that term and reapply for next year.By then，he(29)to have earned enough money from construction jobs and have his student loan papers （贷款文件） in order.But he said he was still coming to(30)to attend events or see friends.He asked seriously(31) he could still sit in on my communications class.Sure，I said.But he wouldn't get any credit （学分）.No problem，he said.
Soon there he was again，back at his old desk，front and center，(32)into our discussions on how to find and tell stories in Los Angeles---a 63-year-old Cal State LA junior with as much energy and(33)as any of the(34)in class.
A lot of Valencia's classmates apparently knew he couldn't(35)that term's tuition （学费） but was still doing the homework. "Here he is，(36)taking a class for the joy of it and the(37)of learning.You don't see that in our(38)." says Jessica Espinosa，a 25-year-old junior.Valencia (39)and took the final exam too.
Valencia's grade in my class this term will not show up on his report card.But I'm giving him an A and in the most important ways，it(40).
21.  A. math B. art C. communications D. physics
22.  A. eagerly B. secrecy C. patiently D. accidentally
23.  A. grateful B. respectful C. thoughtful D. cheerful
24.  A. as far as B. even if C. as long as D. as if
25.  A. confidence B. ambition C. competence D. inspiration
26.  A. age B. story C. life D. performance
27.  A. approached B. spotted C. searched D. consulted
28.  A. enjoy B. continue C. stop D. keep
29.  A. hoped B. arranged C. attempted D. aimed
30.  A. academy B. campus C. apartment D. gym
31.  A. why B. how C. when D. whether
32.  A. bursting B. breaking C. jumping D. getting
33.  A. curiosity B. honesty C. courage D. disappointment
34.  A. experts B. professors C. staff D. youth
35.  A. waste B. afford C. raise D. earn
36.  A. eventually B. casually C. willingly D. occasionally
37.  A. tension B. challenge C. experience D. benefit
38.  A. culture B. generation C. case D. education
39.  A. stayed up B. gave up C. showed up D. got up
40.  A. arises B. exists C. remains D. counts
第II卷（非选择题）
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
41. BEIJING—On Monday at 10：03 am （Beijing Time），the Shenzhou XIV astronauts opened the hatch door of Wentian，the first lab module of China's space station，and entered （1）______ module （舱），according to the China Manned Space Agency.
It was the first time the Chinese astronauts（2）______（enter） the lab module in orbit.
（ 3）______（equip） with eight experimental cabinets （柜子） and multiple extravehicular load adapters，China's newly launched Wentian space lab module is designed to explore the （4）______（origin） of life and the universe.
The experimental cabinets will focus （5）______space life science and biotechnology research，as well as research of microgravity fluid physics，space material science and new space application technologies.
A glove box in life ecology experiment cabinet provides a closed and clean operating space for （6）______（science） experiments in the lab.There，the light and wind can be adjusted （调节）（ 7）______（automatic） with temperature controlled accuracy of 0.5℃ and micro-manipulation accuracy of five micrometers.
After using glove boxes（8）______（collect） the samples，astronauts will store（9）______（they） in a refrigerator cabinet at -80℃ so that samples can be brought back to the Earth for further research.
The space refrigerator，（ 10）______ can set three temperatures of -80℃， -20℃，and 4℃ at the same time，is an indispensable （不可或缺） cryogenic storage device in life science labs.
五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
42. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：（1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Talked about personal relationships，I'd naturally think of my relationship with my mother.Wherever I need help，my mother is always there for me.She often tells me that I can be anyone I want，as long as I'm confident of me.She sees my talent and push me to do the best I possible can.I respect my mother so much as she never treats me as a child，but as a equal.She gives me the freedom make mistake and learn from them all.Unlike friendships that can disappear gradually and break，I know I'll always be connected to my mother no matter what I face with.She is not just a role model，but someone I love.
(1)
(2)
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
43. 俗话说："笑一笑，十年少。"研究发现笑对身体的健康是很有益处的。请以"Laughter is Good for Both Body and Mind"为题谈谈你的看法。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_________
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】C、B、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中的Your trip includes stops in the United States，China，South Africa，Australia and Canada.（您的行程包括美国、中国、南非、澳大利亚和加拿大。）可知，这则广告中提及到五个国家。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段2022 represents the first full year of release（发布） of the Silver Eagle's new Eagles Landing reverse design introduced midway through last year to honor the coin's 35th anniversary（周年纪念日）.（2022年是银鹰（Silver Eagle）为纪念硬币35周年而于去年中期推出的新款Eagles Landing反面设计的首个完整发行年份。），第三段2022 is the 5th anniversary of the first silver Krugerrand.（2022年是第一个银克鲁格朗诞生5周年。），第四段"This 2022 Panda features its first-ever privy mark honoring the coin's 40th anniversary."（这只2022年的熊猫有史以来第一个纪念硬币40周年的私人印记。）和第五段Introduced in 2014，the Wedge-Tailed Eagle is the first-ever cooperation between U.S Mint designer John Mercanti and a foreign mint.（楔尾鹰于2014年推出，是美国造币厂设计师约翰•默坎蒂（John Mercanti）与外国造币厂首次合作。）可知，2022年南非克鲁格朗这套银币是最近发行的。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段中的Since its first issue the China Panda coin series has been one of the most widely collected series ever highlighted by one-year-only designs."（自第一次发行以来，中国熊猫币系列一直是有史以来最广泛收藏的系列之一，仅以一年的设计为重点。）可知，2022中国银熊猫一直都没有改变过它的设计。故选B。
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍一套世界上最受欢迎的五枚纯银硬币，可以让人们足不出户，环游世界。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

4~7.【答案】C、D、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由文章第一段Chongqing，a city of more than 32 million people，faced an unheard-of test this summer with a heat wave and drought causing a series of large wildfires since Aug 17.（重庆是一座拥有3200多万人口的城市，今年夏天面临前所未有的考验，热浪和干旱导致自8月17日以来的一系列大规模野火。）可知，重庆第一次面临森林野火的考验。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段Local residents have safeguarded their hometown in every way possible，with thousands of volunteers from all walks of life fighting the fires with professionals.（当地居民尽一切可能保护家乡，数千名来自各行各业的志愿者与专业人员一起救火。）可知，当地居民积极参加救火是为了保护家乡。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段Under a very hot sun，some residents used chain saws（锯） to fell trees to make fire barriers.Others rode motorcycles on newly formed paths to take firefighters and supplies up a mountain，while some volunteers carried food and drinks on their backs by foot.Women and children helped organize supplies and clear the ground，and performed other essential tasks.（在炎热的阳光下，一些居民用链锯砍树以制作防火屏障。其他人骑着摩托车走在新形成的道路上，带着消防员和补给上山，而一些志愿者则徒步背着食物和饮料。妇女和儿童帮助组织供应品和清理场地，并执行其他重要任务。）可知，这些志愿者在救火工作中是非常负责的，且有帮助的。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据第一段Chongqing，a city of more than 32 million people，faced an unheard-of test this summer with a heat wave and drought causing a series of large wildfires since Aug 17.（重庆是一座拥有3200多万人口的城市，今年夏天面临前所未有的考验，热浪和干旱导致自8月17日以来的一系列大规模野火。）以及后文可知，文章主要讲今天夏天重庆当地志愿者积极参与对抗森林野火保护家园的故事。A．No pains，no gains.不劳而获；B．Hard work pays off.努力工作是有回报的；C．Love breaks down barriers.爱能打破障碍；D．Many hands make light work.众人拾柴火焰高。故选D。
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述今天夏天重庆当地志愿者积极参与对抗森林野火保护家园的事。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

8~11.【答案】C、D、A、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段中They have helped people like Mohameth Seck，who left college after two years.Seck said he wanted to work in technology but the classes he was offered in a traditional college program "weren't really interesting" to him.He also said traditional college takes too long to finish.（他们帮助了像穆罕默德•塞克这样的人，他在大学毕业两年后就离开了。塞克说，他想在科技行业工作，但传统大学课程对他来说"并不感兴趣"。他还表示，传统大学完成学业的时间太长）可知，塞克觉得这个培训项目很值得。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第五段Research carried out by Georgetown University's Center on Education and the Workforce showed that people who do get a college degree earn about 84 percent more over their lifetimes.（乔治城大学教育和劳动力中心进行的研究表明，获得大学学位的人一生的收入要高出84%）可知，D选项"人们不能从大学学位中受益"不正确。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中And this is especially true for students who are Black，Hispanic （拉美裔美国人） or whose families do not make a lot of money.（对于黑人、西班牙裔或家庭收入不高的学生来说，情况尤其如此）可知，少数民族和贫困家庭将从短期培训项目中受益最大。故选A。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段One reason companies might hire college graduates is because they think they might have better communication and teamwork skills.（公司可能会雇佣大学毕业生的一个原因是他们认为这些人可能有更好的沟通和团队合作能力）可知，短期培训项目需要改进的地方是在项目中包括人际交往能力。故选C。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了项目"非学位技能培训"开展的情况以及人们对此的看法。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

12~15.【答案】B、A、A、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由文章第一段中的Over the past few decades，East Asia has seen a surprising rise in the rate of short-sightedness.（在过去的几十年里，东亚的近视率惊人地上升。）可知，东亚存在近视率增加的问题。所以答案为B。
（2）细节理解题。由文章第二段前两句The evidence suggests that regular exposure to bright daylight is vital in properly controlling the growth of children's eyes.Too little light leads to lengthened，short-sighted eyes.Researchers think that this explains why rates are so high in Asia，where a strong cultural emphasis on the value of education leads to long school days and often private tutoring in the afternoon and evening.（有证据表明，定期暴露在明亮的日光下对正确控制儿童眼睛的发育至关重要。光线太少会导致眼睛变长、近视。研究人员认为，这解释了为什么亚洲的失学率如此之高。在亚洲，文化上对教育价值的高度重视，导致学生在校时间很长，下午和晚上经常有私人辅导。）可知学生们在室内学习的时间太长了导致亚洲的近视率如此之高。所以答案为A。
（3）词句猜测题。由文章第三段Special eyedrops（眼药水），as well as clever glasses and contact lenses（隐形眼镜），may be able to slow the progression of myopia（近视）once it has started.But prevention is better than        ，and the science suggests a cheap，straightforward measure.A series of encouraging trials show that giving school children and especially those in primary education-more time outside can cut the number who go on to develop myopia.（特殊的眼药水，以及精巧的眼镜和隐形眼镜，也许能够在近视开始后减缓近视的发展。但预防胜于______，科学提出了一种廉价、直接的措施。一系列令人鼓舞的试验表明，让学生，尤其是小学阶段的学生，有更多的时间在户外活动，可以减少患上近视的人数。）可知划线词指代的是"slow the progression of myopia"，意思是"减缓"，A．Making something less serious.让事情变得不那么严重；B．Curing an illness or injury.治愈疾病或伤害；C．A change in something.某种事物的变化；D．Becoming worse.变得更糟。所以答案为A。
（4）标题判断题。由文章第二段中The evidence suggests that regular exposure to bright daylight is vital in properly controlling the growth of children's eyes.（有证据表明，定期暴露在明亮的日光下对正确控制儿童眼睛的发育至关重要。）以及第三段中的A series of encouraging trials show that giving school children and especially those in primary education-more time outside can cut the number who go on to develop myopia.（一系列令人鼓舞的试验表明，让学生，尤其是小学阶段的学生，有更多的时间在户外活动，可以减少患上近视的人数。）和最后一段Far-sighted governments should send the kids outdoors.（有远见的政府应该让孩子们到户外去。）可知，本文主要讲述了研究发现定期暴露在明亮的日光下对正确控制儿童眼睛的发育至关重要，所以应该让学生有更多的时间在户外活动。所以C项"学校应该让学生外出"是本文最好的标题。所以答案为C。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了研究发现定期暴露在明亮的日光下对正确控制儿童眼睛的发育至关重要，所以应该让学生有更多的时间在户外活动。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

16~20.【答案】D、C、F、A、G
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据上文Every day，We're bombarded（频频不断地） with so many decisions that it's impossible to make a perfect choice every time.（每天，我们都要做很多决定，不可能每次都做出完美的选择。）以及下文One particularly effective technique is critical thinking.（一个特别有效的方法是批判性思维。）可知，设空处应为有很多方法可以帮助我们做出更好的选择，并且设空处和上句构成转折关系。D选项"但是，有很多方法可以提高我们的机会。"符合语境。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。本段的小标题为Come up with your question.（提出你的问题），以及下文 For example，if you're deciding whether to try out the newest diet craze（狂热），your reasons for doing so may be not clear by other factors-like claims that you'll see results in just two weeks.（例如，如果你正在决定是否尝试最新的饮食热潮，你这样做的原因可能不太清楚，比如声称你会在短短两周内看到效果。）可知，设空处应为知道自己在寻找什么。C选项"换句话说，知道你在寻找什么。"符合语境。故选C。
（3）联系下文题。根据下文If you're trying to decide on a diet to improve your nutrition，you may ask an expert for their advice，or seek other people's testimonies（证据）.（如果你正试图决定一种饮食来改善你的营养，你可以向专家寻求建议，或者寻求其他人的证词。）举例说明如果试图确定一种饮食来改善你的营养，可以向专家或者其他人寻求建议；可知设空处应为对问题有一个清晰的概念有助于确定哪些是密切相关的；F选项"因此，对你的问题有一个清晰的概念将有助于你确定哪些是密切相关的。"符合语境。故选F。
（4）段落标题题。something you do by asking critical questions.Facing a decision，ask yourself，what concepts are at work？ ''What assumptions exist？' Is my interpretation of the information logically sound？'（你可以问一些批判性的问题。面对一个决定，问问自己，是什么概念在起作用？"存在什么假设？"我对这些信息的解释合乎逻辑吗？"）可知，设空处为通过可以问一些批判性的问题来应用你的信息，A选项"运用信息。" 概括本段内容，符合语境。故选A。
（5）联系上文题。根据上文Exploring the full spectrum（范围）of viewpoints might explain why some policies that don't seem acceptable to you attract others.（探索所有的观点也许可以解释为什么一些对你来说似乎不可接受的政策会吸引其他人。）可知，设空处为探索所有的观点的好处。G选项"这将允许你探索其他选择，评估自己的选择，并最终帮助你做出更明智的决定。"符合语境。故选G。
本文是一篇说明文。每天我们都要做很多决定，不可能每次都做出完美的选择，批判性思维可以帮助我们做出更好的选择，本文具体介绍了建立批判性思维四个步骤。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。

21~40.【答案】C、A、B、D、A、A、B、C、A、B、D、C、A、D、B、C、D、B、C、D
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.math数学；B.art艺术；C.communications交流；D.physics物理。句意：我想说，他比我在洛杉矶加州州立大学本科交流班上的同学大40岁左右。根据下文"He asked seriously（11）        he could still sit in on my communications class"可知，作者的课堂是要让学生们之间进行讨论和交流的交际课程。故选C。
（2）考查副词及语境理解。A.eagerly急切地；B.secretly秘密地；C.patiently有耐心地；D.accidentally偶然地。句意：他带着幽默和丰富的经验，急切地投入到课堂讨论中。根据下文"And he was always（3）______of other students' views，（4）______each of them were a teacher."可知，这位老年学生很积极地参加班级活动。故选A。
（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.grateful感激的；B.respectful恭敬的；C.thoughtful周到的；D.cheerful高兴的。句意：他总是尊重其他学生的观点，好像他们每个人都是老师一样。根据下文"each of them were a teacher"可知，这位老年学生很尊重其他学生的观点。故选B。
（4）考查连词及语境理解。A.as far as就……而言；B.even if即使；C.as long as只要；D.as if好像。句意：他总是尊重其他学生的观点，好像他们每个人都是老师一样。根据下文"each of them were a teacher"可知，这里指的是那些学生们，所以他们不是老师，应该是这位老年学生把他们当成老师一样的尊重。故选D。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.confidence自信心；B.ambition抱负；C.competence竞争；D.inspiration鼓舞。句意：这些学生给了我信心，所以我不必为自己的年龄感到难过。根据上文"Jerry Valencia walked in with a smile and he left with one too."可知，在学校的学习是很令Valencia高兴的，所以他应该是和学生们相处的很好，学生们给了他信心。故选A。
（6）考查名词及语境理解。A.age年龄；B.story故事；C.life生活，生命；D.performance表演。句意：这些学生给了我信心，所以我不必为自己的年龄感到难过。根据上文"These students gave me the（5）______ so that I didn't need to feel bad about my"可知，Valencia和学生们相处的很好，所以他不担心他的年龄很大的问题。故选A。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.approached接近；B.spotted发现；C.searched寻找；D.consulted咨询。句意：有一天，我在校园遇到了Valencia。根据下文"He said he would have to（8）______taking classes that term and reapply for next year."可知，作者在校园遇到了Valencia。故选B。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.enjoy享受；B.continue继续；C.stop停止；D.keep保持。句意：他说，那学期他必须停止上课，明年重新申请。根据下文"reapply for next year"可知，Valencia那学期要停止上课。故选C。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.hoped希望；B.arranged安排；C.attempted试图；D.aimed以……为目标。句意：到那时，他希望从建筑工作中挣到足够的钱，并整理好学生贷款文件。根据下文"have earned enough money from construction jobs and have his student loan papers（贷款文件） in order"可知，这是Valencia希望在来年会达到的愿望。故选A。
（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.academy学术；B.campus校园；C.apartment公寓；D.gym体育馆。句意：但他表示，他仍然会来校园参加活动或见朋友。根据下文"to attend events or see friends"可知，这是在学校校园会发生的事情。故选B。
（11）考查连词及语境理解。A.why为什么；B.how如何；C.when何时；D.whether是否。句意：他严肃地问我，他是否还可以旁听我的交际课。根据下文"Sure，I said."可知，Valencia是问作者，他是否还可以旁听作者的交际课。故选D。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.bursting突然；B.breaking打破；C.jumping跳；D.getting得到，使。句意：很快，他又回来了，坐回到了他以前的书桌，靠前和中间，跳进了我们关于如何在洛杉矶寻找和讲述故事的讨论中---这位63岁的加州州立大学洛杉矶分校大三学生和班上的任何一个年轻人一样充满活力和好奇心。根据下文"into our discussions"可知，这里是指Valencia来了之后之间加入到了大家的讨论中。故选C。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.curiosity好奇心；B.honesty诚实；C.courage勇气；D.disappointment失望。句意：很快，他又回来了，坐回到了他以前的书桌，靠前和中间，跳进了我们关于如何在洛杉矶寻找和讲述故事的讨论中---这位63岁的加州州立大学洛杉矶分校大三学生和班上的任何一个年轻人一样充满活力和好奇心。根据上文"much energy and"可知，这是指Valencia的上课状态，应该是充满精力和好奇心。故选A。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.experts专家；B.professors教授；C.staff员工；D.youth青年。句意：很快，他又回来了，坐回到了他以前的书桌，靠前和中间，跳进了我们关于如何在洛杉矶寻找和讲述故事的讨论中---这位63岁的加州州立大学洛杉矶分校大三学生和班上的任何一个年轻人一样充满活力和好奇心。根据上文"any of the"和下文"in class"可知，这里指班里的年轻人学生。故选D。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.waste浪费；B.afford担负的起；C.raise提起，养活；D.earn挣钱。句意：瓦伦西亚的很多同学显然知道他付不起这学期的学费，但仍在做作业。根据这句话上下文意思可知，Valencia付不起这学期的学费。故选B。
（16）考查副词及语境理解。A.eventually最后；B.casually随意地；C.willingly愿意；D.occasionally偶尔。句意：他在这里，为了学习的乐趣和益处，心甘情愿地参加课程。根据下文"for the joy of it"可知，Valencia是很愿意在这里学习的。故选C。
（17）考查名词及语境理解。A.tension紧张；B.challenge挑战；C.experience经历，经验；D.benefit好处。句意：他在这里，为了学习的乐趣和益处，心甘情愿地参加课程。根据上文"Here he is，（16）______taking a class for the joy of it and"可知，Valencia学习是为了学习的乐趣和益处。故选D。
（18）考查名词及语境理解。A.culture文化；B.generation一代人；C.case案件；D.education教育。句意：在我们这一代人身上，你看不到这个。根据下文"says Jessica Espinosa，a 25-year-old junior"可知，这是一个25岁的学生对Valencia的学习精神的赞赏，但是在年轻一代人身上却没有这个学习精神。故选B。
（19）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.stayed up熬夜；B.gave up放弃；C.showed up出现；D.got up起床。句意：Valencia也参加了期末考试。根据下文"and took the final exam too"可知，Valencia出现在了期末考试的考场上并参加了考试。故选C。
（20）考查动词及语境理解。A.arises上升；B.exists存在；C.remains仍然；D.counts重要。句意：但我给了他A，在最重要的方面，这很重要。根据上文"Valencia's grade in my class this term will not show up on his report card.But I'm giving him an A"可知，虽然Valencia本学期的成绩不会出现在他的成绩单上，但作者要给他一个A，因为作者认为这是对Valencia的学习态度的认可和赞赏。故选D。
本文是记叙文。文章通过描述63岁的大学生Jerry Valencia的故事告诉我们，即使我们开始的有点晚，但是学习永远不会太迟。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。

41.【答案】the
【解析】（1）考查冠词。句意：据中国载人航天工程办公室消息，北京时间周一上午10点03分神舟十四号航天员乘组开启问天实验舱舱门（中国空间站的第一个实验舱），进入问天实验舱。"（1）____ module（舱）"指代上文的"Wentian，the first lab module of China's space station"，表特指，用定冠词。故填the。
（2）考查动词时态。句意：这是中国航天员首次在轨进入科学实验舱。根据主句"It was the first time "可知从句用过去完成时，故填had entered。
（3）考查过去分词。句意：中国新发射的"问天"空间实验舱配备了8个实验柜和多个舱外载荷适配器，旨在探索生命和宇宙的起源。设空处为非谓语动词，主语"China's newly launched Wentian space lab module"与非谓语动词equip是逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词equipped，设空处位于句首，所以开头字母要大写，故填Equipped。
（4）考查可数名词的复数。句意：中国新发射的"问天"空间实验舱配备了8个实验柜和多个舱外负载适配器，旨在探索生命和宇宙的起源。设空处在句中作宾语，由空后的"of life and the universe"可知设空处表复数概念，用origin复数形式。故填origins。
（5）考查介词。句意：实验柜将重点开展空间生命科学和生物技术研究，以及微重力流体物理、空间材料科学和新的空间应用技术的研究。动词短语focus on/upon sth.意为"集中（注意力、精力等于）……，重点聚焦在……"符合句意，故填on/upon。
（6）考查形容词。句意：生命生态实验柜中的手套箱为实验室的科学实验提供了密闭、洁净的操作空间。修饰名词"experiments"，所以用形容词scientific意为"科学的，科学上的"符合句意。故填scientific。
（7）考查副词。句意：在那里，光和风可以自动调节，温度控制精度为0.（5）℃，微操作精度为5微米。设空处修饰谓语动词，在句中作状语，副词automatically意为"自动地"符合句意。故填automatically。
（8）考查动词不定式。句意：在使用手套箱收集样本后，宇航员将把它们储存在-（80）℃的冰箱中，以便将样本带回地球进行进一步研究。use sth.to do sth.意为"用……去做……"为固定搭配，故填to collect。
（9）考查代词。句意：在使用手套箱收集样本后，宇航员将把它们储存在-（80）℃的冰箱中，以便将样本带回地球进行进一步研究。设空处在句中作动词store的宾语，应用宾格代词，故填them。
（10）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：太空冰箱，可同时设定-（80）℃、-（20）℃、+（4）℃三种温度，是生命科学实验室不可或缺的低温储存设备。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指代先行词"The space refrigerator"，先行词指物，在从句中作主语。故填which。
本文是一篇新闻报道，文章是关于神舟十四号航天员乘组开启问天实验舱舱门，进入问天实验舱，文章还介绍了问天实验舱的科研设备。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。

42.【答案】【小题1】       about personal relationships，I'd naturally think of my relationship with my mother.       r I need help，my mother is always there for        .She often tells me that I can be anyone I want，as long as I'm confident of me.She sees my talent and         me to do the best I         can.I respect my mother so much as she never treats me as a child，but as         equal.She gives me the freedom ∧ make         and learn from them all.Unlike friendships that can disappear gradually         break，I know I'll always be connected to my mother no matter what I face with.She is not just a role model，but someone I love.
（1）考查现在分词。句意：说到个人关系，我会很自然地想到我和我妈妈的关系。分析句子可知，"Talked about personal relationships"作状语，talk与逻辑主语I是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故Talked改为Talking。
（2）考查连词。句意：每当我需要帮助的时候我的妈妈总是在我身边。根据句意，此处用whenever"无论什么时候"引导时间状语从句，wherever"无论哪里"引导地点状语从句，故Wherever改为Whenever。
（3）考查代词。句意：她经常告诉我我可以成为我想成为的任何人，只要我对自己有信心。根据句意，此处表示"我要对自己有信心"，故介词of的宾语用反身代词myself，故me改为myself。
（4）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：她看到了我的天赋，并敦促我尽可能做到最好。分析句子可知，and连接并列谓语sees和push，文章主时态是一般现在时，主语she是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故push改为pushes。
（5）考查副词。句意：她看到了我的天赋，并敦促我尽可能做到最好。修饰情态动词can用副词possibly作状语，故possible改为possibly。
（6）考查冠词。句意：我很尊敬我的妈妈，她从来不把我当孩子看，而是把我当作与她平等的人。Equal以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an，此处泛指"一个平等的人"，故a改为an。
（7）考查不定式。句意：她给我犯错并从错误中学习的自由。分析句子可知，"make mistake and learn from them all"作定语，修饰the freedom，其后常用不定式作定语，故freedom后加to。
（8）考查可数名词的复数。句意：她给我犯错并从错误中学习的自由。make mistakes"犯错误"，是固定短语，mistake是可数名词，用复数，故mistake改为mistakes。
（9）考查连词。句意：不像那些会逐渐消失或者破裂的友谊，我知道无论我面对什么，我都会和我的妈妈永远联系在一起。根据句意，前后文是选择关系不是并列关系，故and改为or。
（10）考查介词。句意：不像那些会逐渐消失或者破裂的友谊，我知道无论我面对什么，我都会和我的妈妈永远联系在一起。分析句子可知，此处face是及物动词，接宾语不用加介词，be faced with"面对"才是固定短语，故删除with。
【小题2】略
【解析】本文是记叙文。作者讲述了自己与妈妈的关系，以及妈妈对自己的帮助。
短文改错时要注意以下几点：1.快速阅读，整体把握短文大意；2.重视语境以及上下文的关系；3.充分运用基础语言知识找出错误所在。

43.【答案】Laughter is Good for Both Body and Mind
       As the saying goes，laughter is the best medicine.Research also shows that laughing has significant benefits both physically and psychologically.【高分句型一】To begin with，laughter has a similar effect to physical exercise.It relaxes our muscles，increases blood flow to the heart and strengthens the immune system，which helps our body to fight infection better.What's more，laughter helps relieve stress and anxiety.When we laugh，the level of stress chemicals in our body falls.Then we will experience a sense of well-being.Last but not the least，laughter helps to make relationships stronger and enhance teamwork.If we always try to be happy，people around us will enjoy our company and feel energized by it.【高分句型二】（笑的好处）
Now it is the time to laugh frequently throughout the day.
【解析】高分句型一
Research also shows that laughing has significant benefits both physically and psychologically.
翻译：研究还表明，笑对身体和心理都有显著的好处。
分析：运用了that引导宾语从句。
高分句型二
If we always try to be happy，people around us will enjoy our company and feel energized by it.
翻译：如果我们总是努力快乐，我们周围的人会喜欢我们的陪伴，并感到充满活力。
分析：运用了if引导条件状语从句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。