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2022-2023学年山西省吕梁市孝义市高二上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份2022-2023学年山西省吕梁市孝义市高二上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版），共23页。试卷主要包含了本卷主要考查内容， 15等内容，欢迎下载使用。
高二年级2022~2023学年期中考试
英语
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。
4.本卷主要考查内容：至选择性必修第一册。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B, C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15.
答案是C。
1. What are the speakers going to do tonight?
A. Go to the cinema. B. Buy tickets. C. See friends.
2. Where is the woman probably working?
A. In a library. B. In a bookstore. C. In a hospital.
3. Which subject will the new professor teach?
A. Japanese. B. French. C. History.
4. What can be learned about Jack?
A. He is busy doing the typing.
B. He is now attending a meeting.
C. He has to drop in on a reporter.
5. What do we know from the conversation?
A. The man has been abroad for many years.
B. The woman thinks the man's English is perfect.
C. The man speaks English under the influence of his mother.
第二节（共15小题：每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the man doing?
A. Taking a shower. B. Measuring water. C. Washing clothes.
7. What suggestion does the woman give the man?
A. Timing his shower. B. Sharing the water bill. C. Taking shorter showers.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Where are the speakers?
A. On a train. B. In the office building. C. On the street.
9. What's the largest building on the left?
A. A bank. B. A shopping mall. C. A theatre.
10. What does the man need?
A. Clothes. B. Shoes. C. Food.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Who is Mary?
A. The woman's mother. B. The woman's aunt. C. The woman's sister.
12. What did Mary do in 1988?
A. She competed in the Olympics.
B. She gave up swimming.
C. She worked as a teacher.
13. When did Susan O'Neill break Mary's world record?
A. In 1984. B. In 1988. C. In 2000.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Former classmates. B. Workmates. C. Strangers.
15. What can we know about the man?
A. He is studying in London now.
B. He lived in Hong Kong six months ago.
C. He hasn't seen the woman at least for 2 years.
16. Which is NOT a reason why the woman likes her job?
A. She enjoys being a teacher.
B The job gives her a sense of achievement.
C. She liked social work even at university.
17. What will the man do?
A. Leave the restaurant. B. Order his food. C. Finish his meal.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What does the speaker talk about?
A. The scenery of the Grand Canyon.
B. The problems the Grand Canyon has faced.
C. The natural features of the Grand Canyon.
19. How many visitors come to the Grand Canyon every year now?
A. 44, 000. B. 4, 000, 000. C. 5, 000, 000.
20. What was done to solve the shortage of parking space in the Grand Canyon?
A. Providing visitors with free bus services.
B. Broadening the parking space for visitors.
C. Reducing the number of visitors to the Grand Canyon.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Let us look at some vocabulary and pronunciation differences in different regions of the US.
Vocabulary
One of the main features of different regional varieties of American English is vocabulary. Different words can be used for the same idea or concept, depending on the region of the US.
Sugary, carbonated drinks have different names depending on where you are from.
In the Midwest, the western part of the state of Pennsylvania, and parts of the Appalachian Mountains, especially in the state of West Virginia, people call the drinks “pop”.
In parts of the Northeast and the West Coast, they are called “soda”. In addition, people in some southern states use one name for all those kinds of sugary, carbonated drinks. They call it “Coke”, which is short for Coca Cola.
Pronunciation
In the US, people say some of the same words in different ways, depending on where they grew up.
One pronunciation variation is a difference in how many syllables (音节) make up the word, “caramel”. Syllables are the parts a word is naturally divided into when pronounced.
“Caramel” (two syllables) or “caramel” (three syllables) is a light brown candy made from butter, sugar, and milk. In much of the Northeast and parts of the South, this word is pronounced with three syllables, /CA-ra-mel/. In parts of the Appalachian Mountains and much of the Midwest, many Americans pronounce this word with two syllables, as in /CAR-mel/.
These two pronunciations can have different meanings depending on the speaker or region. Caramel (two syllables) may mean a mixture of just sugar and water that turns brown when boiled. Caramel (three syllables) may mean the light brown candy.
Today we looked at some differences in vocabulary and pronunciation in regions of the US. If you like learning about these variations in American English, please write to us in the comments. We would love to share more about this subject!
1. Where are various sugary, carbonated drinks called “Coke”?
A. In the state of West Virginia.
B. In some states in Southern US.
C. Around the Appalachian Mountains.
D. In parts of the Northeast and the West Coast.
2. What causes people in America to say the same words in different ways?
A. What they eat. B. When they were born.
C. Where they grew up. D. Where their parents were born.
3. Where is this text likely from?
A. A tourism brochure. B. A textbook of geography.
C. A novel. D. A TV speech for English learners.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了美国不同地区的词汇和发音差异。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Vocabulary下的介绍“In addition, people in some southern states use one name for all those kinds of sugary, carbonated drinks. They call it “Coke”, which is short for Coca Cola.(此外，在一些南方的州，人们用一个名字来称呼所有的含糖碳酸饮料。他们叫它“可乐”，这是可口可乐的简称)”可知，在美国南部的一些州各种含糖的碳酸饮料被称为“可乐”。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Pronunciation下的介绍“In the US, people say some of the same words in different ways, depending on where they grew up.(在美国，人们用不同的方式说同样的单词，这取决于他们在哪里长大)”可知，他们成长的地方使美国人用不同的方式说同样的单词。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Today we looked at some differences in vocabulary and pronunciation in regions of the US. If you like learning about these variations in American English, please write to us in the comments. We would love to share more about this subject!(今天我们看了美国不同地区在词汇和发音上的一些差异。如果你想了解美式英语的这些变化，请在评论中给我们写信。我们愿意分享更多关于这个主题的内容！)”可知，文章是关于英语的学习的，D项：A TV speech for English learners.(为英语学习者准备的电视演讲)合乎题意。故选D。
B
Rama was the only breadwinner in the family. Living along with his father and mum, he had three children, two sons and a daughter. He worked over 16 hours a day.
The kids were too curious about Sunday because their father was with them all day. Unfortunately, Rama worked on weekends even on Sundays to meet increasing household and education expenditures(开支). The children were very sad, even Rama’s wife and parents!
Typical routines(日常工作) lasted weeks and years. Rama got a lot of benefits from all his efforts, and he got an attractive raise. The family moved to their new home, put on better clothes and ate healthy food. However, as usual, Rama continued to earn more money. Once, his wife asked him, “What are you asking for... so hard work? We can be happy now.” Rama answered, “I want to give you all the best things in the world.”
Two years later, Rama hardly stayed with his family. The children longed for their dad to be at home. At the same time, Rama’s sincere efforts earned him a fortune. He was offered partnership and profit-sharing. Then Rama’s family had all the facilities and luxury(奢侈的) goods. Nevertheless, Rama’s children tried to meet their father because he seldom showed up at home.
Rama’s family went to their beachfront villa(别墅) for a holiday. His daughter asked, “Dad, would you stay at home for a day and stay with us?” Rama replied, “Yes, honey, I will have lunch with you tomorrow and will be with you for the next few days. I’m tired of working and need refreshments!” The whole family was very happy.
However, the next day, Rama’s family were washed away in the tsunami(海啸)! When he tried to reach his beach villa, he saw the sea and water everywhere and screamed for his family. Fortunately his daughter was saved by the local people. Rama found a new job and spent all the spare time with his daughter.
4. Why did Rama’s family long for Sunday?
A. They could save money.
B. They could go on vacation.
C. Rama could refuse to work overtime.
D. They might have a chance to get together.
5. Which word can describe Rama’s work performance?
A. Unskilled. B. Fruitful. C. Unsatisfactory. D. Doubtful.
6. What can we learn from the text?
A. Rama had a villa by the sea.
B. Rama always had trouble making ends meet.
C. Rama’s family had high demands on material life.
D. Rama was ashamed that he often lied to his family.
7. What does the author want to stress in the text?
A. Every man has his faults.
B. Money is the root of evil.
C. Every man is the architect of his own fortune.
D. The best thing in the world is spending time with your family.
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了三个孩子的父亲Rama，为了家人能过上幸福的生活，每天工作十六个小时，拼命赚钱。功夫不负有心人，几年后他为家人在海边买了套新房子，然而，家人们就是在这新房子里遭遇不幸。最后罗摩感悟到和家人在一起才是最好的。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The kids were too curious about Sunday because their father was with them all day (孩子们对星期天非常好奇，因为他们的父亲整天都和他们在一起)”可知，Rama的家人渴望星期天，因为他们可能有机会聚在一起。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Typical routines(日常工作) lasted weeks and years. Rama got a lot of benefits from all his efforts, and he got an attractive raise. The family moved to their new home, put on better clothes and ate healthy food (典型的例行公事持续了数周甚至数年。Rama从他的努力中得到了很多好处，他得到了很有吸引力的加薪。一家人搬到了新家，穿上了更好的衣服，吃了健康的食物)”可知，Rama工作表现是富有成效的。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Rama's family went to their beachfront villa(别墅) for a holiday. (Rama一家去他们的海滨别墅度假了)”最后一段“When he tried to reach his beach villa, he saw the sea and water everywhere and screamed for his family(当他试图到达他的海滩别墅时，他看到到处都是大海和水，尖叫着呼唤他的家人)”可知，Rama在海边有一栋别墅。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“His daughter asked, “Dad, would you stay at home for a day and stay with us?” Rama replied, “Yes, honey, I will have lunch with you tomorrow and will be with you for the next few days. I'm tired of working and need refreshments!” The whole family was very happy.( 女儿问：“爸爸，你能在家和我们呆一天吗？” Rama回答说：“是的，亲爱的，明天我会和你一起吃午饭，接下来的几天我会和你在一起。我厌倦了工作，需要恢复！”他们全家都很开心。)”以及最后一段“When he tried to reach his beach villa, he saw the sea and water everywhere and screamed for his family. (当他试图到达他的海滩别墅时，他看到到处都是大海和水，尖叫着呼唤他的家人)”由Rama的家人在这新房子里遭遇不幸可知，作者想强调的是世界上最好的事就是和家人在一起。故选D。
C
The Apostolic Library in Vatican City is home to ancient writings, rare books and reading rooms. Now, it is opening a small new space to the public where modern-day artwork can be seen next to the library's treasures.
The first show at the space is called Tutti, the Italian word for all. It was suggested by Pope(教皇) Francis' 2020 letter called “Brothers All”. The message appealed for environmental renewal, greater human unity and a more just socio-economic order in the world after the COVID-19 crisis.
Artist Pietro Ruffo of Italy's capital, Rome, was invited to design the first show. Maps and migration (迁徙) are among the common subjects of his work. At the Library, he transformed one room into a forest. In another room, Ruffo designed a modern version of one of the library's ancient maps of the Nile River. He placed both maps side by side.
The leader of the Roman Catholic Church and Vatican City ruler, Pope Francis, opened the Apostolic Library's new space last week. Pope Francis said the world was in need of new maps after COVID-19. He called for a greater sense of brotherhood. “Humanity needs new maps to discover the sense of love, of friendship and the common good,” he said. “We need a new beauty that isn't the usual reflection of power of some but a courageous map of everyone's diversity(多样性).”
The property of former US businessman Kirk Kerkorian paid for the project. Early in Francis' time as pope, he had appealed for the Apostolic Library to open itself up more to the outside world. In 2016, Francis declared the pope's summer home in Castel Gandolfo open to visitors.
The exhibit at the Apostolic Library is open on Tuesdays and Wednesdays. Visitors must seek admission through an online request. The price of admission is about $17.
The Apostolic Library is separate from the Vatican Apostolic Archives((档案馆), which is home to all the documentation from pope's headquarters (总部) and embassies. Both the library and the archives are open to researchers upon request.
8. What is among the common subjects of Pietro Ruffo's work?
A. Brothers All. B. Environmental renewal.
C. Maps and migration. D. Treasures of modern art works.
9. Which is the funding source for this project?
A. Ticket sales. B. Roman artists' donation.
C. The Pope's appeal and support. D. The property of a businessman.
10. What can we know about the Apostolic Library?
A. The exhibit at it opens twice a week.
B. It's outdated and backward.
C. It's unconditionally open to the audience.
D. It's owned by the Vatican Apostolic Archives.
11. What is the function of the last paragraph?
A. To attract more scholars to visit.
B. To enrich background materials.
C. To stress the importance of the library.
D. To further explain the diversity and value of documents.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了梵蒂冈城的Apostolic图书馆是古代著作、珍本书籍和阅览室的所在地。现在，它正在向公众开放一个新的小空间，在图书馆可以看到现代艺术品。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Artist Pietro Ruffo of Italy's capital, Rome, was invited to design the first show. Maps and migration (迁徙) are among the common subjects of his work. (意大利首都罗马的艺术家Pietro Ruffo受邀设计第一场展览。地图和移民是他作品中常见的主题)”可知，作品中常见的主题是地图和移民。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The property of former US businessman Kirk Kerkorian paid for the project. (前美国商人柯克·科克里安的财产支付了该项目的费用)”可知，一个商人的财产是这个项目的资金来源。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The exhibit at the Apostolic Library is open on Tuesdays and Wednesdays. (Apostolic图书馆的展览在星期二和星期三开放)”可知，那里的展览每周开放两次。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The exhibit at the Apostolic Library is open on Tuesdays and Wednesdays. Visitors must seek admission through an online request. The price of admission is about $17.(Apostolic图书馆的展览在星期二和星期三开放。参观者必须通过在线申请进入。门票价格约为17美元)”以及文章的最后一段“The Apostolic Library is separate from the Vatican Apostolic Archives((档案馆), which is home to all the documentation from pope's headquarters (总部) and embassies. Both the library and the archives are open to researchers upon request.( Apostolic图书馆与梵蒂冈使徒档案馆是分开的，后者是教皇总部和大使馆的所有文件的所在地。根据研究人员的要求，图书馆和档案馆都向他们开放)”可知最后一段是对Apostolic图书馆的具体信息的介绍。可知，最后一段的作用是丰富背景材料。故选B。
D
Researchers have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) system to help historians renovate the writings and identify when and where they were written.
Many ancient populations used writings, also known as inscriptions (碑文), to document different parts of their lives. The inscriptions have been found on materials such as rock, ceramic (陶瓷) and metal. The writings often contained valuable information about how ancient people lived and how they structured their societies. But in many cases, the objects containing such inscriptions have been damaged over the centuries. This left major parts of the inscriptions missing and difficult to identify and understand. In addition, many of the inscribed objects were moved from areas where they were first created. This makes it difficult for scientists to discover when and where the writings were made.
The new AI-based method serves as a technological tool to help researchers repair missing inscriptions and estimate (估算) the true origins of the records. The researchers, led by Alphabet's AI company DeepMind, call their tool Ithaca. The team said it trained Ithaca on the largest collection of data containing Greek inscriptions. Feeding this data into the system is designed to help the tool use past writings to predict missing letters and words in damaged inscriptions. The researchers reported that in experiments with damaged writings, Ithaca was able to correctly predict missing inscription elements 62 percent of the time. In addition, the tool was 71 percent correct in identifying where the inscriptions first came from. And, the system was able to effectively date writings to within 30 years.
When historians work on their own, the success rate for restoring damaged inscriptions is about 25 percent. But when humans teamed up with Ithaca to assist in their work, the success rate jumped to 72 percent. The team is currently working on other versions of Ithaca trained on other ancient languages. DeepMind has launched (发行) a free, interactive tool based on the system for use by researchers, educators, museum workers and the public.
12. Which can replace the underlined word “renovate” in paragraph 1？
A. Adopt. B. Recover. C. Collect. D. Translate.
13. Which reason for the ancient inscriptions' being hard to recognize is mentioned?
A. The wars in the past. B. The development of industry.
C. The objects' being damaged. D. The extinction of language.
14. What conclusion can we draw from the last paragraph?
A. Ithaca currently recognizes only English.
B. Ithaca has great market development potential.
C. Ithaca can completely replace historians in the future.
D. Ithaca cannot bring any profit to its development company.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. A Shortcut to Ancient Inscriptions
B. Who Will Be the Historians' Right-Hand Man?
C. The Mysterious Contents of Ancient Languages
D. AI Used to Fill in Missing Words in Ancient Writings
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究人员开发的一款人工智能系统，它可以帮助历史学家修复作品和找出它们的写作时间和地点。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据后句“the writings(作品)”以及“and identify when and where they were written (并找出它们的写作时间和地点)”可知，研究人员开发的人工智能(AI)系统来帮助历史学家恢复文字和并找出它们的写作时间和地点。划线处和B项：recovery(恢复，复苏)含义相近。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But in many cases, the objects containing such inscriptions have been damaged over the centuries. This left major parts of the inscriptions missing and difficult to identify and understand (但在许多情况下，包含这些铭文的物品在几个世纪中已经被损坏了，这使得铭文的主要部分丢失，难以识别和理解)”可知，物品被损坏导致这些古文很难辨认。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“DeepMind has launched (发行) a free, interactive tool based on the system for use by researchers, educators, museum workers and the public. (DeepMind已经推出了一个基于该系统的免费交互式工具，供研究人员、教育工作者、博物馆工作人员和公众使用)”可推知，Ithaca有很大的市场发展潜力。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Researchers have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) system to help historians renovate the writings and identify when and where they were written.(研究人员开发了一种人工智能(AI)系统，以帮助历史学家恢复文字，并确定它们的写作时间和地点)”以及后文对人工智能(AI)系统可以帮助历史学家解决碰到的困难等作用和用途的介绍，可知D项：AI Used to Fill in Missing Words in Ancient Writings(人工智能用于填补古文中的缺词)合乎题意。故选D。
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How do you feel about bees? Do you get annoyed when they fly around you and do you fear their mission is just to sting (叮) you? ___16___ Without them, we might starve (饿死).
Bees deserve some respect. They give us honey, and they play their part either pollinating (授粉) the many vegetables and fruits we eat directly or pollinating the food for the animals that we then consume. ___17___ That’s not all — a study in the UK, found bees and other pollinating insects have a global economic value of around £120bn ($150bn) and contribute around £690m ($850m) to the UK economy every year. So, bees are worth protecting.
___18___ But experts say we should be taking care of all our bees. Researchers say conservation efforts should be aimed at a wide number of species — even those that currently contribute little to crop pollination — in order to maintain biodiversity and ensure future food security. ___19___ It’s something we should be worried about because, as Gill Perkins, chief executive of the Bumblebee Conservation Trust, said, “They provide a whole ecosystem service.” The recent lockdowns caused by the coronavirus pandemic (流行病) seem to have given bee populations a little boost because they faced less human disturbance, traffic and polluting fumes.
Conservationists hope, going forward, people will appreciate bees more and encourage them to do well as they reconnect with nature. Gill Perkins says, “They are beginning to realise how their mental health and wellbeing is supported by nature — particularly by bumblebees (大黄蜂), which are so beautiful and buzzy.” ___20___
A. A small number of bee species are essential for crops such as apples and strawberries.
B. The bees busied themselves at making honey.
C. So, it really seems time to give bees a second chance.
D. In fact, they are the world’s most important pollinators.
E. The words remind people of this saying “honey is sweet but the bee stings”.
F. Love them or dislike them, these little insects are extremely important creatures.
G. Unfortunately, in recent times, bee populations have been declining due to pesticides, disease and habitat loss.
【答案】16. F 17. D 18. A 19. G 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了蜜蜂的作用和人们应该怎样对待蜜蜂。
【16题详解】
上文“Do you get annoyed when they fly around you and do you fear their mission is just to sting (叮) you? (当它们在你身边飞来飞去的时候，你会生气吗?你会担心它们的任务只是为了叮你吗?)”提出我们对蜜蜂的误解，下文“Without them, we might starve (饿死).(没有它们，我们可能会挨饿)”介绍蜜蜂的重要性，上下文句意有转折关系，F项“Love them or dislike them, these little insects are extremely important creatures.(不管你喜不喜欢，这些小昆虫都是极其重要的生物)”承上启下，句中“Love them or dislike them”照应上文人们对蜜蜂的态度。故选F项。
【17题详解】
上文“They give us honey, and they play their part either pollinating (授粉) the many vegetables and fruits we eat directly or pollinating the food for the animals that we then consume.(它们为我们提供蜂蜜，它们要么为我们直接食用的许多蔬菜和水果授粉，要么为我们食用的动物的食物授粉)”提出蜜蜂为植物授粉，D项“In fact, they are the world’s most important pollinators.(事实上，它们是世界上最重要的传粉者)”承接上文，介绍它们是世界上最重要的传粉者。上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
【18题详解】
下文“But experts say we should be taking care of all our bees. (但专家表示，我们应该照顾好所有的蜜蜂)”特别强调要照顾好所有的蜜蜂，根据But可知，上下文有转折关系；A项“A small number of bee species are essential for crops such as apples and strawberries.(对于苹果和草莓等作物，少数种类的蜜蜂是非常重要的)”讲只有少数种类的蜜蜂是是非常重要，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。
【19题详解】
根据指代关系和下文“It’s something we should be worried about (这是我们应该担心的事情)”可知，上文应出现It指代对象，且是令人担心的事情，G项“Unfortunately, in recent times, bee populations have been declining due to pesticides, disease and habitat loss.(不幸的是，近年来，由于杀虫剂、疾病和栖息地的丧失，蜜蜂的数量一直在下降)”中“bee populations have been declining”即令人担心的事情，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
【20题详解】
上文“They are beginning to realise how their mental health and wellbeing is supported by nature — particularly by bumblebees (他们开始意识到他们的心理健康和幸福是如何得到大自然的支持的——尤其是大黄蜂)”提出人们逐渐开始认识到蜜蜂的重要性，C项“So, it really seems time to give bees a second chance.(所以，似乎真的是时候再给蜜蜂一次机会了)”承接上文，既然蜜蜂重要，所以应该再给它们机会，让它们再次壮大起来，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题，每小题1. 5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 1906, Theodore Roosevelt (1858—1919), America’s 26th president, signed the American Antiquities Act. The law ___21___ him—and future presidents—to take immediate action to protect important cultural or natural ___22___. During his time ___23___ (1901-1909), he established five new national parks and 18 national monuments. He became ___24___ as “the conservationist (环境保护主义者) president”.
Roosevelt’s___25___ for the land and environment came from the time he spent in the Dakota Territory. In 1883, he came to Dakota in ___26___ of hunting huge animals called bison and had a great ___27___ in the Western frontier lifestyle.
Roosevelt soon developed an interest in ___28___ cattle. He entered the business and ___29___ $14, 000 to build the Maltese Cross Ranch (牧场). Roosevelt returned to New York while workers constructed the ranch. But, in 1884, he experienced two great ___30___ losses. His mother and wife ___31___ illnesses on the same day.
Roosevelt again ___32___ west and sought to ___33___ the reminders of his recent losses. Roosevelt ___34___ between New York and Dakota. In 1885, Roosevelt published his first book about his ___35___ as a rancher and hunter. In it, he predicted that the cattle industry was not sustainable (可持续性的). In other words, it would not ___36___.
Roosevelt was right. Severe weather ___37___ the area in 1886 and 1887. In the winter, a terrible ___38___ killed many cattle. The animals that survived the cold soon starved. The experience, however, influenced Roosevelt’s beliefs about the need for ___39___ in America. Those beliefs, in turn, helped ___40___ his policies as president.
21. A. permitted B. expected C. designed D. forced
22. A. materials B. resources C. ruins D. attractions
23. A. in practice B. in theory C. in office D. in charge
24. A. devoted B. impressed C. addicted D. known
25. A. desire B. promise C. solution D. concern
26. A. behalf B. favour C. hope D. honour
27. A. advantage B. interest C. luck D. sense
28. A. raising B. hunting C. running D. providing
29. A. earned B. saved C. spent D. introduced
30. A. personal B. pleasant C. necessary D. astonishing
31. A. went off B. died of C. tripped over D. figured out
32. A. explored B. followed C. headed D. left
33. A. escape B. quit C. share D. concentrate
34. A. rushed B. travelled C. survived D. relaxed
35. A. adventures B. encounters C. experiences D. decisions
36. A. last B. disappear C. arrive D. occur
37. A. involved B. struck C. supported D. removed
38. A. accident B. freeze C. blow D. criticism
39. A. conservation B. presentation C. preference D. communication
40. A. realize B. accept C. claim D. shape
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. B 39. A 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了美国总统罗斯福为保护重要的文化和自然资源而创建国家公园以及介绍罗斯福作为总统出台一系列保护重要的文化和自然资源的政策的原因。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：该法律允许他和未来的总统立即采取行动保护重要的文化和自然资源。A. permitted允许；B. expected期待；C. designed设计；D. forced强迫。根据后句“to take immediate action to protect important cultural (立即采取行动保护重要文化)”可知，是法律允许他采取行动保护重要的文化和自然资源。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. materials材料；B. resources资源；C. ruins遗迹；D. attractions吸引物。根据后文“he established five new national parks and 18 national monuments. (他建立了5个新的国家公园和18个国家纪念碑)”可知，他是在保护自然资源。故选B。
23题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：在他任职期间(1901-1909)，他建立了5个新的国家公园和18个国家纪念碑。A. in practice在实践中；B. in theory理论上；C. in office执政，在位；D. in charge负责，主管。根据上文“In 1906, Theodore Roosevelt (1858—1919), America’s 26th president, signed the American Antiquities Act. (1906年，美国第26任总统西奥多·罗斯福(1858-1919)签署了《美国古物法》)”可知，在他任职期间，他建立了5个新的国家公园和18个国家纪念碑。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他被称为“自然资源保护主义总统”。A. devoted忠诚的；B. impressed印象深刻的；C. addicted入迷的，着迷的；D. known知名的，出名的。根据上句“During his time ___3___ (1901-1909), he established five new national parks and 18 national monuments. (在他任职期间(1901-1909)，他建立了5个新的国家公园和18个国家纪念碑)”可知，他采取行动保护重要的文化和自然资源，被称为“自然资源保护主义总统”，become known as“被称为”。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：罗斯福对土地和环境的关注源于他在达科他地区度过的时光。A. desire愿望，欲望；B. promise承诺，保证；C. solution（问题、困难等的）解决办法； D. concern担心，忧虑，关注。根据上文“During his time ___3___ (1901-1909), he established five new national parks and 18 national monuments. (在他任职期间(1901-1909)，他建立了5个新的国家公园和18个国家纪念碑)”可知，罗斯福对土地和环境非常关注。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词义辨析。句意：1883年，他来到达科塔州，希望能猎杀一种叫做野牛的大型动物，并对西部边疆的生活方式产生了浓厚的兴趣。A. behalf代表；B. favour支持，喜爱；C. hope希望；D. honour尊敬；荣幸；根据本句“hunting huge animals called bison (捕猎一种叫做野牛的大型动物)”可知，他希望能猎杀一种叫做野牛的大型动物。in hope of怀着……的希望。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. advantage优势；B. interest兴趣；C. luck运气；D. sense感觉。根据后文“Roosevelt soon developed an interest in ___8___ cattle. (罗斯福很快就对养牛产生了兴趣)”可知，罗斯福对西部边疆的生活方式产生了浓厚的兴趣。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗斯福很快就对养牛产生了兴趣。A. raising提升，养；B. hunting打猎，猎取；C. running跑步；D. providing提供。根据后文“He entered the business and ___9___ $14, 000 to build the Maltese Cross Ranch(牧场) (他进入了这个行业，投入了14000美元建造了马耳他十字牧场)”可知，罗斯福很快就对养牛产生了兴趣。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他进入了这个行业，投入了14000美元建造了马耳他十字牧场。A. earned 挣得；B. saved拯救；C. spent花费；D. introduced引进，投入。根据本句“$14, 000 to build the Maltese Cross Ranch(牧场) (14000美元来建造马耳他十字牧场)”可知，罗斯福投入了14000美元建造马耳他十字牧场。故选D。
【30题详解】
考形容词词义辨析。句意：但在1884年，他经历了两次重大的个人损失。A. personal个人的；B. pleasant愉快的；C. necessary必要的；D. astonishing惊人的。根据后句“His mother and wife ___11___ illnesses on the same day.(他的母亲和妻子在同一天因病去世)”可知，罗斯福经历了两次重大的个人损失。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查词词义辨析。句意：他的母亲和妻子在同一天因病去世。A. went off离去；B. died of因……死，死于；C. tripped over被……绊倒；D. figured out解决；算出。根据本句“illnesses (疾病)”可知，他的母亲和妻子因病去世。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗斯福再次前往西部，试图摆脱他最近痛苦的回忆。A. explored开发；B. followed跟着；听从；C. headed前往、率领；D. left离开。根据本句的“again(再一次)”可知，他再一次的前往西部。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. escape逃跑，逃避；B. quit停止，戒掉；C. share分享；D. concentrate集中精力于。根据上文“His mother and wife ___11___ illnesses on the same day.( 他的母亲和妻子在同一天因病去世)”可知，罗斯福再次前往西部，试图摆脱他最近痛苦的回忆。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗斯福往返于纽约和达科他之间。A. rushed迅速移动；B. travelled旅行，走动，移动；C. survived幸存；D. relaxed休息。根据本句“between New York and Dakota (在纽约和达科塔之间)”可知，罗斯福往返于两地之间。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：1885年，罗斯福出版了他的第一本书，讲述他作为牧场主和猎人的经历。A. adventures冒险；B. encounters遭遇；C. experiences经历；D. decisions決定。根据本句“as a rancher and hunter (作为牧场主和猎人)”可知，罗斯福的书讲述是他作为牧场主和猎人的经历。故选C。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，它不会持久。A. last持续；B. disappear消失，不见；C. arrive到达，抵达；D. occur发生。根据上句“In it, he predicted that the cattle industry was not sustainable(可持续性的). (在书中，他预言养牛业是不可持续的)”可知，罗斯福认为养牛业不会持久。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗斯福是对的。恶劣的天气在1886年和1887年袭击了该地区。A. involved牵涉，包含；B. struck打，撞；袭击；C. supported支持；D. removed 移开，拿开。根据本句“Severe weather (恶劣的天气)”可知，恶劣的天气袭击了该地区。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：冬天，一场可怕的冰冻冻死了许多牛。A.accident交通事故，车祸；B. freeze冰冻期；霜冻；C. blow（风）刮，吹；D. criticism批评，批判。根据本句“in the winter (在冬天)”可知，冬天，一场可怕的冰冻冻死了许多牛。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这段经历影响了罗斯福关于美国需要保护的信念。A. conservation保护，保存；B. presentation授予，颁发；C. preference偏爱，偏好；D. communication交流，交际。根据上句“In the winter, a terrible ___18___ killed many cattle. The animals that survived the cold soon starved. (冬天，一场可怕的冰冻冻死了许多牛，在寒冷中幸存下来的动物很快就饿死了)”可知，这个经历影响了罗斯福关于美国需要保护的信念。故选A。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些信念反过来又帮助形成了他作为总统的政策。A. realize了解，意识到；B. accept接受，收受；C. claim声称，断言；D. shape形成，影响。根据上文“During his time ___3___ (1901-1909), he established five new national parks and 18 national monuments. (他任职期间(1901-1909)，他建立了5个新的国家公园和18个国家纪念碑)”可知，这些信念帮助形成了罗斯福作为总统的政策。故选D。
第二节（共10小题：每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Japanese researchers have developed computerized chopsticks that improve salty tastes, potentially helping those who need to reduce sodium (钠) in their diets.
Co-developed by Meiji University professor Homei Miyashita and drink maker Kirin Holdings Co., the chopsticks enhance tastes ___41___ (use) electrical stimulation and a mini-computer worn on a wristband.
The device uses a weak electrical current to send sodium ions(离子) from food, through the chopsticks, ___42___ the mouth where they create a sense of saltiness, said Miyashita.
Miyashita and his lab have explored various ___43___ (way) that technology can interact with and stimulate human sensory experiences.
The taste-enhancing chopsticks may have particular significance in Japan, ___44___ the traditional diet favours salty tastes. The average Japanese adult ___45___ (consume) about 10 grams of salt per day, double the amount ___46___ (recommend) by the World Health Organization.
Excess sodium intake is related to increased incidence of high blood ___47___ (press) and other illness.
“___48___ (prevent) these diseases, we need to reduce the amount of salt we take,” said Kirin researcher Ai Sato. “If we try taking ___49___ (little) salt in an ordinary way, we would need to experience ___50___ pain of cutting our favourite food from our diet.”
Miyashita and Kirin hope to commercialize the chopsticks as early as next year.
【答案】41. using 42. to
43. ways 44. where
45. consumes
46. recommended
47. pressure
48. To prevent
49. less 50. the
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。日本研究人员已经开发出一种能够增强咸味的电子筷子，有望帮助那些需要在饮食中减少钠摄入量的人群。增强咸味的筷子在日本可能会很有市场，因为日本的传统饮食口味偏咸。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这款筷子通过电刺激和戴在腕带上的微型电脑来提高口感。分析句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语作状语，且use与the chopsticks为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词。故填using。
42题详解】
考查介词。句意：宫下说，该装置利用微弱的电流将食物中的钠离子通过筷子送入口中，产生咸味。固定搭配from…to…“从……到……”故填to。
【43题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：宫下说，该装置利用微弱的电流将食物中的钠离子通过筷子送入口中，产生咸味。设空处前有various修饰，应用名词复数形式。故填ways。
44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这种筷子在日本可能有着特殊的意义，因为日本的传统饮食偏好咸的味道。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为Japan，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填 where。
【45题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：日本成年人平均每天摄入约10克盐，是世界卫生组织推荐摄入量的两倍。设空处叙述一般情况，应用一般现在时；本句主语The average Japanese adult为单数概念，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填consumes。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语动词，the amount与recommend之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填recommended。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：钠摄入量过多与高血压和其他疾病的发病率增加有关。设空处在句中作宾语，应用名词的形式，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填pressure。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了预防这些疾病，我们需要减少盐的摄入量。设空处在句中作非谓语动词，表目的，应用动词不定式，作目的状语。故填To prevent。
【49题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：如果我们试图以普通的方式少吃盐，我们将需要经历从我们的饮食中删除我们最喜欢的食物的痛苦。根据上句“___8___ (prevent) these diseases, we need to reduce the amount of salt we take, (为了预防这些疾病，我们需要减少盐的摄入量)”可知，此处表示更少的盐，应用比较级。故填less。
【50题详解】
考查冠词。句意见上题解析。根据后句“of cutting our favourite food from our diet (把我们最喜欢的食物从我们的饮食中剔除)”可知，此处特指的是把我们最喜欢的食物从我们的饮食中剔除的痛苦，应用定冠词。故填the。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Qi Baishi was a famous and great painter who life of nearly 100 years spanned(跨越) two century. He worked with wood during his early youth. It was between 1902 and 1909 that he travelled across China and paint many pictures of scenery. And he had gone through dramatic changes to become a learning painter. Later, his interest changed to simply pictures from everyday life. Cabbage is well-known example of Qi’s works. The tiny insect near the cabbage has some red on their back. The black eyes fixed on the cabbage show the creature’s interest on the vegetable. Qi Baishi’s style of painting often leave the audience guessing and makes them to use their imagination.
【答案】1. who→whose
2. century→centuries
3. paint→painted
4. learning→learned
5. simply→simple
6. well-known前加a
7. their→its
8. on→in
9. leave→leaves
10. 去掉to
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了著名画家齐白石。
【详解】1. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：齐白石是著名的、伟大的画家，他的一生近100年，跨越两个世纪。分析句子结构可知，who引导的是定语从句，先行词是painter，在从句中做life的定语，所以应该用whose引导。故将who改为whose。
2. 考查名词。句意：齐白石是著名的、伟大的画家，他的一生近100年，跨越两个世纪。分析句子结构可知，century为可数名词，根据前面的two可知，此处应该用复数形式。故将century改为centuries。
3. 考查动词时态。句意：1902年至1909年期间，他游历了中国各地，画了许多风景画。分析句子结构，根据时间状语between 1902 and 1909可知，本句应该用一般现在时，paint此处是动词和travelled并列做谓语。故将paint改为painted。
4. 考查形容词。句意：他经历了巨大的变化才成为一位博学的画家。分析句子结构可知，painter是名词，前应该用形容词修饰，而learning也是名词，形容词是learned意为“博学的”。故将learning改为learned。
5. 考查形容词。句意：后来，他的兴趣转向了日常生活中的简单图画。分析句子结构可知，pictures是名词，前应该用形容词修饰，而simply是副词，形容词形式是simple意为“简单的”。故将simply改为simple。
6. 考查冠词。句意：《白菜》是齐白石作品中著名的一个例子。分析句子结构可知，example为可数名词，句中用的是单数形式，所以前应该用不定冠词修饰，放在形容词前，well-known是辅音音素开头，应该用a。故在well-known前加a。
7. 考查代词。句意：卷心菜旁边的小昆虫背上有一些红色。分析句子结构可知，本句的是主语是The tiny insect为单数，所以后文应表示“这个小昆虫的背”，应该用表单数的代词。故将their改为its。
8. 考查介词。句意：盯着卷心菜的黑眼睛表明它对蔬菜很感兴趣。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配interest in意为“对……产生兴趣”。故将on改为in。
9. 考查主谓一致。句意：齐白石的画风常常让观众猜测，让他们发挥想象。分析句子结构可知，本句主语是style，为第三人称单数，根据频度副词often可知，本句应该用一般现在时，所以leave应该用第三人称单数形式。故将leave改为leaves。
10. 考查固定搭配。句意：齐白石的画风常常让观众猜测，让他们发挥想象。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，其中make后跟的是省略了to的动词原形，且英语中，主动语态中的使役动词后面的动词不定式要省略to。故将use前的to去掉。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 假定你是李华，你校准备进行一场主题为“我最崇拜的运动员”的英文演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿参加比赛，内容包括：
1.该运动员的个人信息；
2.该运动员所取得的成就（列举1到2个）；
3.你崇拜他/她的理由。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
The Athlete I Admire Most
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 The athlete I admire most
Su Bing tian, the track and field athlete I admire most, was born in 1989 in Zhongshan. He is an experienced athlete who competes in the sprints.
In 2021, Su Bing tian sprinted to secure a place in the 100 m men's final at the Olympic Games in Tokyo. He has become the first Chinese and only Asian runner to compete in the final round of the event since 1932. I admire him, because he overcame all the difficulties and became a legend with his amazing skills and perseverance. His spirit will push me to work hard to achieve my goal.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用交，要求考生以“我最崇拜的运动员”写一篇短文，参加学校英语角正在举办的征文活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
运动员：athlete →player
变成：become →turn into
克服：overcome →get over
目标：goal →target
2句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：He has become the first Chinese and only Asian runner to compete in the final round of the event since 1932.
拓展句：He has become the first Chinese and only Asian runner who competed in the final round of the event since1932.
【点睛】【高分句型1】He is an experienced athlete who competes in the sprints.(运用了who引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】I admire him, because he overcame all the difficulties and became a legend with his amazing skills and perseverance.(运用了because引导的原因状语从句）
高二年级2022~2023学年期中考试
英语
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。
4.本卷主要考查内容：至选择性必修第一册。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B, C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15.
答案是C。
1. What are the speakers going to do tonight?
A. Go to the cinema. B. Buy tickets. C. See friends.
2. Where is the woman probably working?
A. In a library. B. In a bookstore. C. In a hospital.
3. Which subject will the new professor teach?
A. Japanese. B. French. C. History.
4. What can be learned about Jack?
A. He is busy doing the typing.
B. He is now attending a meeting.
C. He has to drop in on a reporter.
5. What do we know from the conversation?
A. The man has been abroad for many years.
B. The woman thinks the man's English is perfect.
C. The man speaks English under the influence of his mother.
第二节（共15小题：每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the man doing?
A. Taking a shower. B. Measuring water. C. Washing clothes.
7. What suggestion does the woman give the man?
A. Timing his shower. B. Sharing the water bill. C. Taking shorter showers.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Where are the speakers?
A. On a train. B. In the office building. C. On the street.
9. What's the largest building on the left?
A. A bank. B. A shopping mall. C. A theatre.
10. What does the man need?
A. Clothes. B. Shoes. C. Food.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Who is Mary?
A. The woman's mother. B. The woman's aunt. C. The woman's sister.
12. What did Mary do in 1988?
A. She competed in the Olympics.
B. She gave up swimming.
C. She worked as a teacher.
13. When did Susan O'Neill break Mary's world record?
A. In 1984. B. In 1988. C. In 2000.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Former classmates. B. Workmates. C. Strangers.
15. What can we know about the man?
A. He is studying in London now.
B. He lived in Hong Kong six months ago.
C. He hasn't seen the woman at least for 2 years.
16. Which is NOT a reason why the woman likes her job?
A. She enjoys being a teacher.
B The job gives her a sense of achievement.
C. She liked social work even at university.
17. What will the man do?
A. Leave the restaurant. B. Order his food. C. Finish his meal.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What does the speaker talk about?
A. The scenery of the Grand Canyon.
B. The problems the Grand Canyon has faced.
C. The natural features of the Grand Canyon.
19. How many visitors come to the Grand Canyon every year now?
A. 44, 000. B. 4, 000, 000. C. 5, 000, 000.
20. What was done to solve the shortage of parking space in the Grand Canyon?
A. Providing visitors with free bus services.
B. Broadening the parking space for visitors.
C. Reducing the number of visitors to the Grand Canyon.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Let us look at some vocabulary and pronunciation differences in different regions of the US.
Vocabulary
One of the main features of different regional varieties of American English is vocabulary. Different words can be used for the same idea or concept, depending on the region of the US.
Sugary, carbonated drinks have different names depending on where you are from.
In the Midwest, the western part of the state of Pennsylvania, and parts of the Appalachian Mountains, especially in the state of West Virginia, people call the drinks “pop”.
In parts of the Northeast and the West Coast, they are called “soda”. In addition, people in some southern states use one name for all those kinds of sugary, carbonated drinks. They call it “Coke”, which is short for Coca Cola.
Pronunciation
In the US, people say some of the same words in different ways, depending on where they grew up.
One pronunciation variation is a difference in how many syllables (音节) make up the word, “caramel”. Syllables are the parts a word is naturally divided into when pronounced.
“Caramel” (two syllables) or “caramel” (three syllables) is a light brown candy made from butter, sugar, and milk. In much of the Northeast and parts of the South, this word is pronounced with three syllables, /CA-ra-mel/. In parts of the Appalachian Mountains and much of the Midwest, many Americans pronounce this word with two syllables, as in /CAR-mel/.
These two pronunciations can have different meanings depending on the speaker or region. Caramel (two syllables) may mean a mixture of just sugar and water that turns brown when boiled. Caramel (three syllables) may mean the light brown candy.
Today we looked at some differences in vocabulary and pronunciation in regions of the US. If you like learning about these variations in American English, please write to us in the comments. We would love to share more about this subject!
1. Where are various sugary, carbonated drinks called “Coke”?
A. In the state of West Virginia.
B. In some states in Southern US.
C. Around the Appalachian Mountains.
D. In parts of the Northeast and the West Coast.
2. What causes people in America to say the same words in different ways?
A. What they eat. B. When they were born.
C. Where they grew up. D. Where their parents were born.
3. Where is this text likely from?
A. A tourism brochure. B. A textbook of geography.
C. A novel. D. A TV speech for English learners.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了美国不同地区的词汇和发音差异。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Vocabulary下的介绍“In addition, people in some southern states use one name for all those kinds of sugary, carbonated drinks. They call it “Coke”, which is short for Coca Cola.(此外，在一些南方的州，人们用一个名字来称呼所有的含糖碳酸饮料。他们叫它“可乐”，这是可口可乐的简称)”可知，在美国南部的一些州各种含糖的碳酸饮料被称为“可乐”。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Pronunciation下的介绍“In the US, people say some of the same words in different ways, depending on where they grew up.(在美国，人们用不同的方式说同样的单词，这取决于他们在哪里长大)”可知，他们成长的地方使美国人用不同的方式说同样的单词。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Today we looked at some differences in vocabulary and pronunciation in regions of the US. If you like learning about these variations in American English, please write to us in the comments. We would love to share more about this subject!(今天我们看了美国不同地区在词汇和发音上的一些差异。如果你想了解美式英语的这些变化，请在评论中给我们写信。我们愿意分享更多关于这个主题的内容！)”可知，文章是关于英语的学习的，D项：A TV speech for English learners.(为英语学习者准备的电视演讲)合乎题意。故选D。
B
Rama was the only breadwinner in the family. Living along with his father and mum, he had three children, two sons and a daughter. He worked over 16 hours a day.
The kids were too curious about Sunday because their father was with them all day. Unfortunately, Rama worked on weekends even on Sundays to meet increasing household and education expenditures(开支). The children were very sad, even Rama’s wife and parents!
Typical routines(日常工作) lasted weeks and years. Rama got a lot of benefits from all his efforts, and he got an attractive raise. The family moved to their new home, put on better clothes and ate healthy food. However, as usual, Rama continued to earn more money. Once, his wife asked him, “What are you asking for... so hard work? We can be happy now.” Rama answered, “I want to give you all the best things in the world.”
Two years later, Rama hardly stayed with his family. The children longed for their dad to be at home. At the same time, Rama’s sincere efforts earned him a fortune. He was offered partnership and profit-sharing. Then Rama’s family had all the facilities and luxury(奢侈的) goods. Nevertheless, Rama’s children tried to meet their father because he seldom showed up at home.
Rama’s family went to their beachfront villa(别墅) for a holiday. His daughter asked, “Dad, would you stay at home for a day and stay with us?” Rama replied, “Yes, honey, I will have lunch with you tomorrow and will be with you for the next few days. I’m tired of working and need refreshments!” The whole family was very happy.
However, the next day, Rama’s family were washed away in the tsunami(海啸)! When he tried to reach his beach villa, he saw the sea and water everywhere and screamed for his family. Fortunately his daughter was saved by the local people. Rama found a new job and spent all the spare time with his daughter.
4. Why did Rama’s family long for Sunday?
A. They could save money.
B. They could go on vacation.
C. Rama could refuse to work overtime.
D. They might have a chance to get together.
5. Which word can describe Rama’s work performance?
A. Unskilled. B. Fruitful. C. Unsatisfactory. D. Doubtful.
6. What can we learn from the text?
A. Rama had a villa by the sea.
B. Rama always had trouble making ends meet.
C. Rama’s family had high demands on material life.
D. Rama was ashamed that he often lied to his family.
7. What does the author want to stress in the text?
A. Every man has his faults.
B. Money is the root of evil.
C. Every man is the architect of his own fortune.
D. The best thing in the world is spending time with your family.
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了三个孩子的父亲Rama，为了家人能过上幸福的生活，每天工作十六个小时，拼命赚钱。功夫不负有心人，几年后他为家人在海边买了套新房子，然而，家人们就是在这新房子里遭遇不幸。最后罗摩感悟到和家人在一起才是最好的。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The kids were too curious about Sunday because their father was with them all day (孩子们对星期天非常好奇，因为他们的父亲整天都和他们在一起)”可知，Rama的家人渴望星期天，因为他们可能有机会聚在一起。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Typical routines(日常工作) lasted weeks and years. Rama got a lot of benefits from all his efforts, and he got an attractive raise. The family moved to their new home, put on better clothes and ate healthy food (典型的例行公事持续了数周甚至数年。Rama从他的努力中得到了很多好处，他得到了很有吸引力的加薪。一家人搬到了新家，穿上了更好的衣服，吃了健康的食物)”可知，Rama工作表现是富有成效的。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Rama's family went to their beachfront villa(别墅) for a holiday. (Rama一家去他们的海滨别墅度假了)”最后一段“When he tried to reach his beach villa, he saw the sea and water everywhere and screamed for his family(当他试图到达他的海滩别墅时，他看到到处都是大海和水，尖叫着呼唤他的家人)”可知，Rama在海边有一栋别墅。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“His daughter asked, “Dad, would you stay at home for a day and stay with us?” Rama replied, “Yes, honey, I will have lunch with you tomorrow and will be with you for the next few days. I'm tired of working and need refreshments!” The whole family was very happy.( 女儿问：“爸爸，你能在家和我们呆一天吗？” Rama回答说：“是的，亲爱的，明天我会和你一起吃午饭，接下来的几天我会和你在一起。我厌倦了工作，需要恢复！”他们全家都很开心。)”以及最后一段“When he tried to reach his beach villa, he saw the sea and water everywhere and screamed for his family. (当他试图到达他的海滩别墅时，他看到到处都是大海和水，尖叫着呼唤他的家人)”由Rama的家人在这新房子里遭遇不幸可知，作者想强调的是世界上最好的事就是和家人在一起。故选D。
C
The Apostolic Library in Vatican City is home to ancient writings, rare books and reading rooms. Now, it is opening a small new space to the public where modern-day artwork can be seen next to the library's treasures.
The first show at the space is called Tutti, the Italian word for all. It was suggested by Pope(教皇) Francis' 2020 letter called “Brothers All”. The message appealed for environmental renewal, greater human unity and a more just socio-economic order in the world after the COVID-19 crisis.
Artist Pietro Ruffo of Italy's capital, Rome, was invited to design the first show. Maps and migration (迁徙) are among the common subjects of his work. At the Library, he transformed one room into a forest. In another room, Ruffo designed a modern version of one of the library's ancient maps of the Nile River. He placed both maps side by side.
The leader of the Roman Catholic Church and Vatican City ruler, Pope Francis, opened the Apostolic Library's new space last week. Pope Francis said the world was in need of new maps after COVID-19. He called for a greater sense of brotherhood. “Humanity needs new maps to discover the sense of love, of friendship and the common good,” he said. “We need a new beauty that isn't the usual reflection of power of some but a courageous map of everyone's diversity(多样性).”
The property of former US businessman Kirk Kerkorian paid for the project. Early in Francis' time as pope, he had appealed for the Apostolic Library to open itself up more to the outside world. In 2016, Francis declared the pope's summer home in Castel Gandolfo open to visitors.
The exhibit at the Apostolic Library is open on Tuesdays and Wednesdays. Visitors must seek admission through an online request. The price of admission is about $17.
The Apostolic Library is separate from the Vatican Apostolic Archives((档案馆), which is home to all the documentation from pope's headquarters (总部) and embassies. Both the library and the archives are open to researchers upon request.
8. What is among the common subjects of Pietro Ruffo's work?
A. Brothers All. B. Environmental renewal.
C. Maps and migration. D. Treasures of modern art works.
9. Which is the funding source for this project?
A. Ticket sales. B. Roman artists' donation.
C. The Pope's appeal and support. D. The property of a businessman.
10. What can we know about the Apostolic Library?
A. The exhibit at it opens twice a week.
B. It's outdated and backward.
C. It's unconditionally open to the audience.
D. It's owned by the Vatican Apostolic Archives.
11. What is the function of the last paragraph?
A. To attract more scholars to visit.
B. To enrich background materials.
C. To stress the importance of the library.
D. To further explain the diversity and value of documents.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了梵蒂冈城的Apostolic图书馆是古代著作、珍本书籍和阅览室的所在地。现在，它正在向公众开放一个新的小空间，在图书馆可以看到现代艺术品。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Artist Pietro Ruffo of Italy's capital, Rome, was invited to design the first show. Maps and migration (迁徙) are among the common subjects of his work. (意大利首都罗马的艺术家Pietro Ruffo受邀设计第一场展览。地图和移民是他作品中常见的主题)”可知，作品中常见的主题是地图和移民。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The property of former US businessman Kirk Kerkorian paid for the project. (前美国商人柯克·科克里安的财产支付了该项目的费用)”可知，一个商人的财产是这个项目的资金来源。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The exhibit at the Apostolic Library is open on Tuesdays and Wednesdays. (Apostolic图书馆的展览在星期二和星期三开放)”可知，那里的展览每周开放两次。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The exhibit at the Apostolic Library is open on Tuesdays and Wednesdays. Visitors must seek admission through an online request. The price of admission is about $17.(Apostolic图书馆的展览在星期二和星期三开放。参观者必须通过在线申请进入。门票价格约为17美元)”以及文章的最后一段“The Apostolic Library is separate from the Vatican Apostolic Archives((档案馆), which is home to all the documentation from pope's headquarters (总部) and embassies. Both the library and the archives are open to researchers upon request.( Apostolic图书馆与梵蒂冈使徒档案馆是分开的，后者是教皇总部和大使馆的所有文件的所在地。根据研究人员的要求，图书馆和档案馆都向他们开放)”可知最后一段是对Apostolic图书馆的具体信息的介绍。可知，最后一段的作用是丰富背景材料。故选B。
D
Researchers have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) system to help historians renovate the writings and identify when and where they were written.
Many ancient populations used writings, also known as inscriptions (碑文), to document different parts of their lives. The inscriptions have been found on materials such as rock, ceramic (陶瓷) and metal. The writings often contained valuable information about how ancient people lived and how they structured their societies. But in many cases, the objects containing such inscriptions have been damaged over the centuries. This left major parts of the inscriptions missing and difficult to identify and understand. In addition, many of the inscribed objects were moved from areas where they were first created. This makes it difficult for scientists to discover when and where the writings were made.
The new AI-based method serves as a technological tool to help researchers repair missing inscriptions and estimate (估算) the true origins of the records. The researchers, led by Alphabet's AI company DeepMind, call their tool Ithaca. The team said it trained Ithaca on the largest collection of data containing Greek inscriptions. Feeding this data into the system is designed to help the tool use past writings to predict missing letters and words in damaged inscriptions. The researchers reported that in experiments with damaged writings, Ithaca was able to correctly predict missing inscription elements 62 percent of the time. In addition, the tool was 71 percent correct in identifying where the inscriptions first came from. And, the system was able to effectively date writings to within 30 years.
When historians work on their own, the success rate for restoring damaged inscriptions is about 25 percent. But when humans teamed up with Ithaca to assist in their work, the success rate jumped to 72 percent. The team is currently working on other versions of Ithaca trained on other ancient languages. DeepMind has launched (发行) a free, interactive tool based on the system for use by researchers, educators, museum workers and the public.
12. Which can replace the underlined word “renovate” in paragraph 1？
A. Adopt. B. Recover. C. Collect. D. Translate.
13. Which reason for the ancient inscriptions' being hard to recognize is mentioned?
A. The wars in the past. B. The development of industry.
C. The objects' being damaged. D. The extinction of language.
14. What conclusion can we draw from the last paragraph?
A. Ithaca currently recognizes only English.
B. Ithaca has great market development potential.
C. Ithaca can completely replace historians in the future.
D. Ithaca cannot bring any profit to its development company.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. A Shortcut to Ancient Inscriptions
B. Who Will Be the Historians' Right-Hand Man?
C. The Mysterious Contents of Ancient Languages
D. AI Used to Fill in Missing Words in Ancient Writings
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究人员开发的一款人工智能系统，它可以帮助历史学家修复作品和找出它们的写作时间和地点。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据后句“the writings(作品)”以及“and identify when and where they were written (并找出它们的写作时间和地点)”可知，研究人员开发的人工智能(AI)系统来帮助历史学家恢复文字和并找出它们的写作时间和地点。划线处和B项：recovery(恢复，复苏)含义相近。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But in many cases, the objects containing such inscriptions have been damaged over the centuries. This left major parts of the inscriptions missing and difficult to identify and understand (但在许多情况下，包含这些铭文的物品在几个世纪中已经被损坏了，这使得铭文的主要部分丢失，难以识别和理解)”可知，物品被损坏导致这些古文很难辨认。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“DeepMind has launched (发行) a free, interactive tool based on the system for use by researchers, educators, museum workers and the public. (DeepMind已经推出了一个基于该系统的免费交互式工具，供研究人员、教育工作者、博物馆工作人员和公众使用)”可推知，Ithaca有很大的市场发展潜力。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Researchers have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) system to help historians renovate the writings and identify when and where they were written.(研究人员开发了一种人工智能(AI)系统，以帮助历史学家恢复文字，并确定它们的写作时间和地点)”以及后文对人工智能(AI)系统可以帮助历史学家解决碰到的困难等作用和用途的介绍，可知D项：AI Used to Fill in Missing Words in Ancient Writings(人工智能用于填补古文中的缺词)合乎题意。故选D。
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How do you feel about bees? Do you get annoyed when they fly around you and do you fear their mission is just to sting (叮) you? ___16___ Without them, we might starve (饿死).
Bees deserve some respect. They give us honey, and they play their part either pollinating (授粉) the many vegetables and fruits we eat directly or pollinating the food for the animals that we then consume. ___17___ That’s not all — a study in the UK, found bees and other pollinating insects have a global economic value of around £120bn ($150bn) and contribute around £690m ($850m) to the UK economy every year. So, bees are worth protecting.
___18___ But experts say we should be taking care of all our bees. Researchers say conservation efforts should be aimed at a wide number of species — even those that currently contribute little to crop pollination — in order to maintain biodiversity and ensure future food security. ___19___ It’s something we should be worried about because, as Gill Perkins, chief executive of the Bumblebee Conservation Trust, said, “They provide a whole ecosystem service.” The recent lockdowns caused by the coronavirus pandemic (流行病) seem to have given bee populations a little boost because they faced less human disturbance, traffic and polluting fumes.
Conservationists hope, going forward, people will appreciate bees more and encourage them to do well as they reconnect with nature. Gill Perkins says, “They are beginning to realise how their mental health and wellbeing is supported by nature — particularly by bumblebees (大黄蜂), which are so beautiful and buzzy.” ___20___
A. A small number of bee species are essential for crops such as apples and strawberries.
B. The bees busied themselves at making honey.
C. So, it really seems time to give bees a second chance.
D. In fact, they are the world’s most important pollinators.
E. The words remind people of this saying “honey is sweet but the bee stings”.
F. Love them or dislike them, these little insects are extremely important creatures.
G. Unfortunately, in recent times, bee populations have been declining due to pesticides, disease and habitat loss.
【答案】16. F 17. D 18. A 19. G 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了蜜蜂的作用和人们应该怎样对待蜜蜂。
【16题详解】
上文“Do you get annoyed when they fly around you and do you fear their mission is just to sting (叮) you? (当它们在你身边飞来飞去的时候，你会生气吗?你会担心它们的任务只是为了叮你吗?)”提出我们对蜜蜂的误解，下文“Without them, we might starve (饿死).(没有它们，我们可能会挨饿)”介绍蜜蜂的重要性，上下文句意有转折关系，F项“Love them or dislike them, these little insects are extremely important creatures.(不管你喜不喜欢，这些小昆虫都是极其重要的生物)”承上启下，句中“Love them or dislike them”照应上文人们对蜜蜂的态度。故选F项。
【17题详解】
上文“They give us honey, and they play their part either pollinating (授粉) the many vegetables and fruits we eat directly or pollinating the food for the animals that we then consume.(它们为我们提供蜂蜜，它们要么为我们直接食用的许多蔬菜和水果授粉，要么为我们食用的动物的食物授粉)”提出蜜蜂为植物授粉，D项“In fact, they are the world’s most important pollinators.(事实上，它们是世界上最重要的传粉者)”承接上文，介绍它们是世界上最重要的传粉者。上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
【18题详解】
下文“But experts say we should be taking care of all our bees. (但专家表示，我们应该照顾好所有的蜜蜂)”特别强调要照顾好所有的蜜蜂，根据But可知，上下文有转折关系；A项“A small number of bee species are essential for crops such as apples and strawberries.(对于苹果和草莓等作物，少数种类的蜜蜂是非常重要的)”讲只有少数种类的蜜蜂是是非常重要，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。
【19题详解】
根据指代关系和下文“It’s something we should be worried about (这是我们应该担心的事情)”可知，上文应出现It指代对象，且是令人担心的事情，G项“Unfortunately, in recent times, bee populations have been declining due to pesticides, disease and habitat loss.(不幸的是，近年来，由于杀虫剂、疾病和栖息地的丧失，蜜蜂的数量一直在下降)”中“bee populations have been declining”即令人担心的事情，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
【20题详解】
上文“They are beginning to realise how their mental health and wellbeing is supported by nature — particularly by bumblebees (他们开始意识到他们的心理健康和幸福是如何得到大自然的支持的——尤其是大黄蜂)”提出人们逐渐开始认识到蜜蜂的重要性，C项“So, it really seems time to give bees a second chance.(所以，似乎真的是时候再给蜜蜂一次机会了)”承接上文，既然蜜蜂重要，所以应该再给它们机会，让它们再次壮大起来，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题，每小题1. 5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 1906, Theodore Roosevelt (1858—1919), America’s 26th president, signed the American Antiquities Act. The law ___21___ him—and future presidents—to take immediate action to protect important cultural or natural ___22___. During his time ___23___ (1901-1909), he established five new national parks and 18 national monuments. He became ___24___ as “the conservationist (环境保护主义者) president”.
Roosevelt’s___25___ for the land and environment came from the time he spent in the Dakota Territory. In 1883, he came to Dakota in ___26___ of hunting huge animals called bison and had a great ___27___ in the Western frontier lifestyle.
Roosevelt soon developed an interest in ___28___ cattle. He entered the business and ___29___ $14, 000 to build the Maltese Cross Ranch (牧场). Roosevelt returned to New York while workers constructed the ranch. But, in 1884, he experienced two great ___30___ losses. His mother and wife ___31___ illnesses on the same day.
Roosevelt again ___32___ west and sought to ___33___ the reminders of his recent losses. Roosevelt ___34___ between New York and Dakota. In 1885, Roosevelt published his first book about his ___35___ as a rancher and hunter. In it, he predicted that the cattle industry was not sustainable (可持续性的). In other words, it would not ___36___.
Roosevelt was right. Severe weather ___37___ the area in 1886 and 1887. In the winter, a terrible ___38___ killed many cattle. The animals that survived the cold soon starved. The experience, however, influenced Roosevelt’s beliefs about the need for ___39___ in America. Those beliefs, in turn, helped ___40___ his policies as president.
21. A. permitted B. expected C. designed D. forced
22. A. materials B. resources C. ruins D. attractions
23. A. in practice B. in theory C. in office D. in charge
24. A. devoted B. impressed C. addicted D. known
25. A. desire B. promise C. solution D. concern
26. A. behalf B. favour C. hope D. honour
27. A. advantage B. interest C. luck D. sense
28. A. raising B. hunting C. running D. providing
29. A. earned B. saved C. spent D. introduced
30. A. personal B. pleasant C. necessary D. astonishing
31. A. went off B. died of C. tripped over D. figured out
32. A. explored B. followed C. headed D. left
33. A. escape B. quit C. share D. concentrate
34. A. rushed B. travelled C. survived D. relaxed
35. A. adventures B. encounters C. experiences D. decisions
36. A. last B. disappear C. arrive D. occur
37. A. involved B. struck C. supported D. removed
38. A. accident B. freeze C. blow D. criticism
39. A. conservation B. presentation C. preference D. communication
40. A. realize B. accept C. claim D. shape
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. B 39. A 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了美国总统罗斯福为保护重要的文化和自然资源而创建国家公园以及介绍罗斯福作为总统出台一系列保护重要的文化和自然资源的政策的原因。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：该法律允许他和未来的总统立即采取行动保护重要的文化和自然资源。A. permitted允许；B. expected期待；C. designed设计；D. forced强迫。根据后句“to take immediate action to protect important cultural (立即采取行动保护重要文化)”可知，是法律允许他采取行动保护重要的文化和自然资源。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. materials材料；B. resources资源；C. ruins遗迹；D. attractions吸引物。根据后文“he established five new national parks and 18 national monuments. (他建立了5个新的国家公园和18个国家纪念碑)”可知，他是在保护自然资源。故选B。
23题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：在他任职期间(1901-1909)，他建立了5个新的国家公园和18个国家纪念碑。A. in practice在实践中；B. in theory理论上；C. in office执政，在位；D. in charge负责，主管。根据上文“In 1906, Theodore Roosevelt (1858—1919), America’s 26th president, signed the American Antiquities Act. (1906年，美国第26任总统西奥多·罗斯福(1858-1919)签署了《美国古物法》)”可知，在他任职期间，他建立了5个新的国家公园和18个国家纪念碑。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他被称为“自然资源保护主义总统”。A. devoted忠诚的；B. impressed印象深刻的；C. addicted入迷的，着迷的；D. known知名的，出名的。根据上句“During his time ___3___ (1901-1909), he established five new national parks and 18 national monuments. (在他任职期间(1901-1909)，他建立了5个新的国家公园和18个国家纪念碑)”可知，他采取行动保护重要的文化和自然资源，被称为“自然资源保护主义总统”，become known as“被称为”。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：罗斯福对土地和环境的关注源于他在达科他地区度过的时光。A. desire愿望，欲望；B. promise承诺，保证；C. solution（问题、困难等的）解决办法； D. concern担心，忧虑，关注。根据上文“During his time ___3___ (1901-1909), he established five new national parks and 18 national monuments. (在他任职期间(1901-1909)，他建立了5个新的国家公园和18个国家纪念碑)”可知，罗斯福对土地和环境非常关注。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词义辨析。句意：1883年，他来到达科塔州，希望能猎杀一种叫做野牛的大型动物，并对西部边疆的生活方式产生了浓厚的兴趣。A. behalf代表；B. favour支持，喜爱；C. hope希望；D. honour尊敬；荣幸；根据本句“hunting huge animals called bison (捕猎一种叫做野牛的大型动物)”可知，他希望能猎杀一种叫做野牛的大型动物。in hope of怀着……的希望。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. advantage优势；B. interest兴趣；C. luck运气；D. sense感觉。根据后文“Roosevelt soon developed an interest in ___8___ cattle. (罗斯福很快就对养牛产生了兴趣)”可知，罗斯福对西部边疆的生活方式产生了浓厚的兴趣。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗斯福很快就对养牛产生了兴趣。A. raising提升，养；B. hunting打猎，猎取；C. running跑步；D. providing提供。根据后文“He entered the business and ___9___ $14, 000 to build the Maltese Cross Ranch(牧场) (他进入了这个行业，投入了14000美元建造了马耳他十字牧场)”可知，罗斯福很快就对养牛产生了兴趣。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他进入了这个行业，投入了14000美元建造了马耳他十字牧场。A. earned 挣得；B. saved拯救；C. spent花费；D. introduced引进，投入。根据本句“$14, 000 to build the Maltese Cross Ranch(牧场) (14000美元来建造马耳他十字牧场)”可知，罗斯福投入了14000美元建造马耳他十字牧场。故选D。
【30题详解】
考形容词词义辨析。句意：但在1884年，他经历了两次重大的个人损失。A. personal个人的；B. pleasant愉快的；C. necessary必要的；D. astonishing惊人的。根据后句“His mother and wife ___11___ illnesses on the same day.(他的母亲和妻子在同一天因病去世)”可知，罗斯福经历了两次重大的个人损失。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查词词义辨析。句意：他的母亲和妻子在同一天因病去世。A. went off离去；B. died of因……死，死于；C. tripped over被……绊倒；D. figured out解决；算出。根据本句“illnesses (疾病)”可知，他的母亲和妻子因病去世。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗斯福再次前往西部，试图摆脱他最近痛苦的回忆。A. explored开发；B. followed跟着；听从；C. headed前往、率领；D. left离开。根据本句的“again(再一次)”可知，他再一次的前往西部。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. escape逃跑，逃避；B. quit停止，戒掉；C. share分享；D. concentrate集中精力于。根据上文“His mother and wife ___11___ illnesses on the same day.( 他的母亲和妻子在同一天因病去世)”可知，罗斯福再次前往西部，试图摆脱他最近痛苦的回忆。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗斯福往返于纽约和达科他之间。A. rushed迅速移动；B. travelled旅行，走动，移动；C. survived幸存；D. relaxed休息。根据本句“between New York and Dakota (在纽约和达科塔之间)”可知，罗斯福往返于两地之间。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：1885年，罗斯福出版了他的第一本书，讲述他作为牧场主和猎人的经历。A. adventures冒险；B. encounters遭遇；C. experiences经历；D. decisions決定。根据本句“as a rancher and hunter (作为牧场主和猎人)”可知，罗斯福的书讲述是他作为牧场主和猎人的经历。故选C。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，它不会持久。A. last持续；B. disappear消失，不见；C. arrive到达，抵达；D. occur发生。根据上句“In it, he predicted that the cattle industry was not sustainable(可持续性的). (在书中，他预言养牛业是不可持续的)”可知，罗斯福认为养牛业不会持久。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗斯福是对的。恶劣的天气在1886年和1887年袭击了该地区。A. involved牵涉，包含；B. struck打，撞；袭击；C. supported支持；D. removed 移开，拿开。根据本句“Severe weather (恶劣的天气)”可知，恶劣的天气袭击了该地区。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：冬天，一场可怕的冰冻冻死了许多牛。A.accident交通事故，车祸；B. freeze冰冻期；霜冻；C. blow（风）刮，吹；D. criticism批评，批判。根据本句“in the winter (在冬天)”可知，冬天，一场可怕的冰冻冻死了许多牛。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这段经历影响了罗斯福关于美国需要保护的信念。A. conservation保护，保存；B. presentation授予，颁发；C. preference偏爱，偏好；D. communication交流，交际。根据上句“In the winter, a terrible ___18___ killed many cattle. The animals that survived the cold soon starved. (冬天，一场可怕的冰冻冻死了许多牛，在寒冷中幸存下来的动物很快就饿死了)”可知，这个经历影响了罗斯福关于美国需要保护的信念。故选A。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些信念反过来又帮助形成了他作为总统的政策。A. realize了解，意识到；B. accept接受，收受；C. claim声称，断言；D. shape形成，影响。根据上文“During his time ___3___ (1901-1909), he established five new national parks and 18 national monuments. (他任职期间(1901-1909)，他建立了5个新的国家公园和18个国家纪念碑)”可知，这些信念帮助形成了罗斯福作为总统的政策。故选D。
第二节（共10小题：每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Japanese researchers have developed computerized chopsticks that improve salty tastes, potentially helping those who need to reduce sodium (钠) in their diets.
Co-developed by Meiji University professor Homei Miyashita and drink maker Kirin Holdings Co., the chopsticks enhance tastes ___41___ (use) electrical stimulation and a mini-computer worn on a wristband.
The device uses a weak electrical current to send sodium ions(离子) from food, through the chopsticks, ___42___ the mouth where they create a sense of saltiness, said Miyashita.
Miyashita and his lab have explored various ___43___ (way) that technology can interact with and stimulate human sensory experiences.
The taste-enhancing chopsticks may have particular significance in Japan, ___44___ the traditional diet favours salty tastes. The average Japanese adult ___45___ (consume) about 10 grams of salt per day, double the amount ___46___ (recommend) by the World Health Organization.
Excess sodium intake is related to increased incidence of high blood ___47___ (press) and other illness.
“___48___ (prevent) these diseases, we need to reduce the amount of salt we take,” said Kirin researcher Ai Sato. “If we try taking ___49___ (little) salt in an ordinary way, we would need to experience ___50___ pain of cutting our favourite food from our diet.”
Miyashita and Kirin hope to commercialize the chopsticks as early as next year.
【答案】41. using 42. to
43. ways 44. where
45. consumes
46. recommended
47. pressure
48. To prevent
49. less 50. the
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。日本研究人员已经开发出一种能够增强咸味的电子筷子，有望帮助那些需要在饮食中减少钠摄入量的人群。增强咸味的筷子在日本可能会很有市场，因为日本的传统饮食口味偏咸。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这款筷子通过电刺激和戴在腕带上的微型电脑来提高口感。分析句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语作状语，且use与the chopsticks为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词。故填using。
42题详解】
考查介词。句意：宫下说，该装置利用微弱的电流将食物中的钠离子通过筷子送入口中，产生咸味。固定搭配from…to…“从……到……”故填to。
【43题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：宫下说，该装置利用微弱的电流将食物中的钠离子通过筷子送入口中，产生咸味。设空处前有various修饰，应用名词复数形式。故填ways。
44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这种筷子在日本可能有着特殊的意义，因为日本的传统饮食偏好咸的味道。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为Japan，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填 where。
【45题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：日本成年人平均每天摄入约10克盐，是世界卫生组织推荐摄入量的两倍。设空处叙述一般情况，应用一般现在时；本句主语The average Japanese adult为单数概念，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填consumes。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语动词，the amount与recommend之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填recommended。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：钠摄入量过多与高血压和其他疾病的发病率增加有关。设空处在句中作宾语，应用名词的形式，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填pressure。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了预防这些疾病，我们需要减少盐的摄入量。设空处在句中作非谓语动词，表目的，应用动词不定式，作目的状语。故填To prevent。
【49题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：如果我们试图以普通的方式少吃盐，我们将需要经历从我们的饮食中删除我们最喜欢的食物的痛苦。根据上句“___8___ (prevent) these diseases, we need to reduce the amount of salt we take, (为了预防这些疾病，我们需要减少盐的摄入量)”可知，此处表示更少的盐，应用比较级。故填less。
【50题详解】
考查冠词。句意见上题解析。根据后句“of cutting our favourite food from our diet (把我们最喜欢的食物从我们的饮食中剔除)”可知，此处特指的是把我们最喜欢的食物从我们的饮食中剔除的痛苦，应用定冠词。故填the。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Qi Baishi was a famous and great painter who life of nearly 100 years spanned(跨越) two century. He worked with wood during his early youth. It was between 1902 and 1909 that he travelled across China and paint many pictures of scenery. And he had gone through dramatic changes to become a learning painter. Later, his interest changed to simply pictures from everyday life. Cabbage is well-known example of Qi’s works. The tiny insect near the cabbage has some red on their back. The black eyes fixed on the cabbage show the creature’s interest on the vegetable. Qi Baishi’s style of painting often leave the audience guessing and makes them to use their imagination.
【答案】1. who→whose
2. century→centuries
3. paint→painted
4. learning→learned
5. simply→simple
6. well-known前加a
7. their→its
8. on→in
9. leave→leaves
10. 去掉to
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了著名画家齐白石。
【详解】1. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：齐白石是著名的、伟大的画家，他的一生近100年，跨越两个世纪。分析句子结构可知，who引导的是定语从句，先行词是painter，在从句中做life的定语，所以应该用whose引导。故将who改为whose。
2. 考查名词。句意：齐白石是著名的、伟大的画家，他的一生近100年，跨越两个世纪。分析句子结构可知，century为可数名词，根据前面的two可知，此处应该用复数形式。故将century改为centuries。
3. 考查动词时态。句意：1902年至1909年期间，他游历了中国各地，画了许多风景画。分析句子结构，根据时间状语between 1902 and 1909可知，本句应该用一般现在时，paint此处是动词和travelled并列做谓语。故将paint改为painted。
4. 考查形容词。句意：他经历了巨大的变化才成为一位博学的画家。分析句子结构可知，painter是名词，前应该用形容词修饰，而learning也是名词，形容词是learned意为“博学的”。故将learning改为learned。
5. 考查形容词。句意：后来，他的兴趣转向了日常生活中的简单图画。分析句子结构可知，pictures是名词，前应该用形容词修饰，而simply是副词，形容词形式是simple意为“简单的”。故将simply改为simple。
6. 考查冠词。句意：《白菜》是齐白石作品中著名的一个例子。分析句子结构可知，example为可数名词，句中用的是单数形式，所以前应该用不定冠词修饰，放在形容词前，well-known是辅音音素开头，应该用a。故在well-known前加a。
7. 考查代词。句意：卷心菜旁边的小昆虫背上有一些红色。分析句子结构可知，本句的是主语是The tiny insect为单数，所以后文应表示“这个小昆虫的背”，应该用表单数的代词。故将their改为its。
8. 考查介词。句意：盯着卷心菜的黑眼睛表明它对蔬菜很感兴趣。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配interest in意为“对……产生兴趣”。故将on改为in。
9. 考查主谓一致。句意：齐白石的画风常常让观众猜测，让他们发挥想象。分析句子结构可知，本句主语是style，为第三人称单数，根据频度副词often可知，本句应该用一般现在时，所以leave应该用第三人称单数形式。故将leave改为leaves。
10. 考查固定搭配。句意：齐白石的画风常常让观众猜测，让他们发挥想象。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，其中make后跟的是省略了to的动词原形，且英语中，主动语态中的使役动词后面的动词不定式要省略to。故将use前的to去掉。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 假定你是李华，你校准备进行一场主题为“我最崇拜的运动员”的英文演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿参加比赛，内容包括：
1.该运动员的个人信息；
2.该运动员所取得的成就（列举1到2个）；
3.你崇拜他/她的理由。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
The Athlete I Admire Most
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 The athlete I admire most
Su Bing tian, the track and field athlete I admire most, was born in 1989 in Zhongshan. He is an experienced athlete who competes in the sprints.
In 2021, Su Bing tian sprinted to secure a place in the 100 m men's final at the Olympic Games in Tokyo. He has become the first Chinese and only Asian runner to compete in the final round of the event since 1932. I admire him, because he overcame all the difficulties and became a legend with his amazing skills and perseverance. His spirit will push me to work hard to achieve my goal.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用交，要求考生以“我最崇拜的运动员”写一篇短文，参加学校英语角正在举办的征文活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
运动员：athlete →player
变成：become →turn into
克服：overcome →get over
目标：goal →target
2句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：He has become the first Chinese and only Asian runner to compete in the final round of the event since 1932.
拓展句：He has become the first Chinese and only Asian runner who competed in the final round of the event since1932.
【点睛】【高分句型1】He is an experienced athlete who competes in the sprints.(运用了who引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】I admire him, because he overcame all the difficulties and became a legend with his amazing skills and perseverance.(运用了because引导的原因状语从句）
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