2022-2023学年上海市某校高二上学期期末练习英语试题（解析版）

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上海中学2022学年第一学期高二年级期末练习
英语
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a questions will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Excited B. Dissatisfied. C. Bored. D. Exhausted.
2. A. 7:00. B. 7:10. C. 9:00. D. 9:10.
3. A. A cook. B. A shop assistant. C. A saleswoman. D. A waitress.
4. A. At a gas station. B. In a work shop C. At an art gallery. D. In a department store.
5. A. He hasn’t had a chance to meet Kathy yet. B. Kathy had already told him the news.
C. He didn’t know that Kathy was being moved. D. His new office will be located in New York.
6. A. The woman wants to go to Toronto. B. The man wants to go to Vancouver.
C.There are no flights to Toronto. D. There are two direct flights to Toronto.
7. A. She should do more careful work. B. She is not concerned about George’s remarks.
C. George does not care about her. D. George shouldn’t have said much about her.
8. A. She can’t afford that much for a trip.
B. She is fortunate to have made a lot of money.
C. She doesn’t think 15,000 dollars is enough for the trip.
D. She considers 15,000 dollars only a small sum of money.
9. A. Playing tennis. B. Writing a term paper. C. Gathering materials. D. Holding a meeting.
10. A. The man was seriously injured in the car accident.
B.The man had poor imagination because of the car accident.
C.The man wasn’t wearing the seat belt when the accident happened.
D. The man’s daughter advised him to wear the seat belt before he left home.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Future researchers. B. College students. C. Company employees. D. Successful artists.
12. A. To teach the listeners how to work hard. B. To enable the listeners to get better salaries.
C. To prepare the listeners to get better jobs. D. To encourage the listeners to seize opportunities.
13. A. Kindness. B. Diligence. C. Willingness. D. Interest.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. The benefits of walking. B. The importance of keeping fit.
C. The way of forming a habit. D. The possibility of excising regularly.
15. A. Because it needs much thinking. B. Because people can improve their memory.
C. Because it is suitable for everyone. D. Because people needn’t concentrate on it.
16. A. It is the easiest way to lose weight. B. It can be made part of people’s life.
C. It can make people’s hearts stronger. D. It prevents people suffering from cancers.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. He has just been back from South America. B. He has been burnt for a few hours.
C. He has been surfing the Internet for long. D. He has been doing school work all night.
18. A. To look for something interesting for pleasure. B. To meet new friends in the Net chatroom.
C. To release pressure from heavy work. D. To look for information for his project.
19. A. Quite a few sites are just old event calendars. B. It’s a waste of time to surf the Internet.
C. A lot of information can be found. D. A lot of friends can be made on the Internet.
20. A. People spend much time talking about other interests.
B. It takes long to find things because of many useless sites.
C. It is hard to start chatting with others in the chatroom.
D. It’s hardly the best source of information available.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A Multiple Choice
1. No one was convinced by her insistence to blame.
A. that she be not B. that she was not C. on her being not D. on her not be
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：她坚持认为自己不应该受到责备，但是没有人相信她。be to blame是固定搭配，意为“应受责备”，insistence on固定搭配，意为“坚持要求”，on是介词，其后面应用动名词，而动名词的否定是在动名词前加not，所以C项和D项错误；A项和B项后面的that是同位语从句，解释说明名词insistence，且insistence表示“坚持要求”时，其后面的同位语从句应用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可以省略，当insistence表示“坚持认为”时，其后的同位语从句不用虚拟语气，根据句意可知，此处insistence表示“坚持认为”，从句应用陈述语气，由主句was可知，应用一般过去时，故选B。
2. Do remember you breathe a word of this to anyone.
A. won’t B. shan’t C. don’t D. wouldn’t
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：记住，你不会向任何人透露这件事。A. won’t将不；B. shan’t不会（表许诺）；C. don’t不；D. wouldn’t将不会。分析句子，此处表示“许诺”应该使用shall not，其缩写形式为shan’t。故选B。
3. He ask too much about her private life as she was so sensitive about it.
A. not dared B. didn’t dare C. dared not to D. dares not to
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查dare的用法。句意：他不敢过多地问她的私生活，因为她对此很敏感。dare作为实义动词时，有各种词形变化，后跟不定式，dare to do固定搭配，意为“敢做某事”，其否定为“助动词+not+dare to do”，需要注意的是在否定和疑问句中，不定式符号to可以省略，所以B项正确，省略了不定式to；dare作为情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，却有过去式dared，后面加动词原形，其否定为dare not do，A项不对，C项dare理解为情态动词，dared是其过去式，后面加动词原形，所以to是多余的，D项dare理解为情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，dares不对，且后面加动词原形，to是多余的，故选B。
4. Timmy, why in the mud? I have already told you so many times not to!
A. must you sit B. should you sit C. will you sit D. can you sit
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：Timmy，你为什么非要坐在泥里？我已经告诉你很多次了，不要这么做！A项must用于问句中表示生气，意为“非要”；B项should表示“应该”；C项will表示“将要” ；D项can表示“可能”。根据下文“I have already told you so many times not to!”可知，此处表示生气，意为“非要”，应用must，故选A。
5. It is obvious that nobody wants to make friends with the poor boy money.
A. suspecting to have stolen B. suspecting to steal
C. suspected having stolen D. suspected of having stolen
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：很明显，没有人愿意和那个被怀疑偷了钱的穷男孩交朋友。分析句子，设空处应该使用非谓语动词，the poor boy与suspect之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作定语，同时suspect sb of doing sth意为“怀疑某人做某事”，句中的steal为动词，意为“偷”，该动作发生在之前于suspect之前，故使用having done的结构。故用suspected of having stolen。故选D。
6. Could it have been on her birthday her parents gave her this computer as a present?
A. then B. that C. when D. that’s why
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句。句意：会不会是在她生日那天，她父母把这台电脑作为礼物送给她的？分析句子，句中it could have been+强调部分+that为强调句结构，对on her birthday进行强调。故选B。
7. The use of radar as well as the two-way radio for the police to intercept most speeders.
A. makes it a possibility B. make possible it C. makes it possible D. make possible
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查主谓一致和固定搭配。句意：雷达和双向无线电的使用使警察有可能拦截大多数超速行驶的人。make it+形容词+to do是固定搭配，意为“使得做……是……”，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式，as well as连接主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于其前面的主语，此处应取决于主语The use of radar，为单数，句子描述一般性事实，用一般现在时，谓语动词make应用三单形式，故选C。
8. his impeccable intellectual and social credentials, we wouldn’t have managed to get the grant.
A. If it weren’t for B. Had not it been for C. With the help of D. But for
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有他卓越的才智和社会资历，我们就无法获得资助。由“we wouldn’t have managed to get the grant.”可知，这里考查虚拟语气，此空可用Had it not been for或者But for表示与过去事实相反的假设。故选D项。
9. in her veins some of the blood of the bohemian and the adventuress who runs barefoot.
A. There flown B. Here flew C. There flows D. Here flow
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查完全倒装和一般现在时。句意：她的血管里流淌着波西米亚人和赤脚奔跑的女冒险家的血液。分析句子，根据后文的runs可知表述客观事实，故用一般现在时。同时当here，there等词置于句首时，后面使用完全倒装结构，主语some of the blood是不可数名词，主谓一致，故用There flows，表示“那里流淌着……”，故选C。
10. Once again, Jeff could interact with the dolphins and find affection in return.
A. Little he dreamed how severely his love could be tested.
B. Little has he dreamed how severely his love will be tested.
C. Little dreamed he how severely his love would be tested.
D. Little did he dream how severely his love would be tested.
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查部分倒装，一般过去时和过去将来时。句意：再一次，杰夫可以与海豚互动，并获得爱的回报。他做梦也没有想到他的爱情会受到如此严峻的考验。分析句子，选项中little表示否定意义，当其置于句首时，后面的句子使用部分倒装。根据前文的could可知，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时，倒装语序为did he dream；同时how引导的是宾语从句，该从句中表示过去将来时，故用would do。故选D。
11. Tracy Mcgrady announced his operation decision to the press without informing his club, leaving his team members why he did so.
A. to wonder B. wondered C. wondering D. wonder
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：特雷西·麦克格雷迪在没有通知俱乐部的情况下向媒体宣布了他的手术决定，这让他的球队成员很好奇他为什么这么做。分析句子，句中leave sb. doing sth.为固定句型，意为“留下某人做某事”，此处members与wonder之间是主动关系，wonder意为“好奇”。故使用现在分词作宾补。故选C。
12. Not long ago in mysterious circumstances, following the death of another opposition leader earlier this year.
A. died a leader of the democratic opposition
B. did a leader of the democratic opposition die
C. a leader of the democratic opposition had died
D. a leader of the democratic opposition died
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句。句意：不久前，继今年早些时候另一位反对派领导人死亡之后，一位民主反对派领导人也离奇死亡。分析句子，当表示否定意义的词not置于句首时，后面使用部分倒装，根据long ago可知句子表述过去的实施，故使用一般过去时，故提前助动词did。故选B。
13. enquiries and seek for reliable new-corporation logistics company for transloading, we would be glad to assist and append our best competitive rates to you.
A. If you had had B. Should you have C. But that you had D. You are to have
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果您有查询并寻求可靠的新公司物流公司进行转运，我们将很高兴协助并附上我们最具竞争力的价格给您。根据“we would be glad to assist and append our best competitive rates to you.”可知，设空处是与过去事实相反的假设，故使用过去完成时。故选A。
14. Any change in consciousness is accompanied by a(n) change in the biophysical system.
A. exhausting B. discreet C. corresponding D. distracting
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：任何意识上变化都伴随着相应的生物物理系统的变化。A. exhausting令人疲惫的；B. discreet谨慎的；C. corresponding相应的；D. distracting分心的。结合句意分析可知，意识变化会伴随“相应的”生物物理系统的变化。故选C。
15. The depth and extent of this understanding have been shown in some work of quality and insight.
A. fancy B. exceptional C. promising D. flexible
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种理解的深度和广度在一些高质量和有洞察力的作品中得到了体现。A. fancy华丽的；B. exceptional杰出的；C. promising有前途的；D. flexible灵活的。此处表示“杰出的质量；高质量”用形容词exceptional修饰quality作定语。故选B。
16. Polish national long-stay visas their holders to a maximum 5-day visa-free transit through the Schengen territory (only on the way to Poland).
A. attach B. stick C. expose D. entitle
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：波兰国民长期居留签证持有者可在申根地区免签过境最多5天，但只针对去往波兰。A. attach粘，依附；B. stick粘，刺，卡住；C. expose使暴露；D. entitle给予……权利。根据句意可知，此处意为“赋予签证持有者5天的免签过境的权利”，故应用动词“entitle给予……权利”。故选D。
17. A special period should be solely for the purpose of carrying out an inspection.
A. set aside B. set against C. set off D. set back
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：要至少留出两周的时间专门用于执行检查。A. set aside留出，空出（时间）；B. set against反对，使对立；C. set off出发，动身；D. set back推迟，阻碍。根据句意可知，此处意为“留出（时间）”，表达为set aside。故选A。
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.
How language transformed humanity
Language is very probably the one characteristic that separates us from the chimpanzees, our closest relatives. All other major differences between us likely stem from language. “It allows you to implant (植入) a thought from your mind directly into someone else’s mind”, says Mark Pagel, professor and head of the Evolution Laboratory at the University of Reading.
Humans use discrete (分离的) pulses of sound—their language—____18____(alter) the internal settings inside someone else’s brain to suit an individual’s interests. Language is a form of social learning instead of something ____19____(pursue) all by oneself.
Social learning is visual theft: for example, if I can learn by watching you, I can steal (and benefit from) your best ideas, wisdom or skills without having to invest the time and energy to develop these ____20____.
There are two options for dealing with this crisis: either return into small family groups so the benefits of each group’s knowledge ____21____(share) only with one’s relatives or expand one’s group to include unrelated others.____22____our relatives, the Neanderthals, who withdrew into small groups, humans chose the second option, and language was the result.
“Language evolved to solve the crisis of visual theft and to exploit cooperation and exchange”, says Professor Pagel.
In fact, as Professor Pagel argues, language is a “social technology” ____23____(allow) for cooperation between unrelated individuals and groups. According to the archaeological record, it was this cooperation and sharing of ideas ___24___came before human migration around the planet and the following human population explosion.
But almost incomprehensibly, thousands of languages evolved. So just ____25____a shared language facilitates communication and cooperation between unrelated groups, different languages slow the flow of ideas, technologies—and even genes.
“Can humans afford to have all these different languages?” asks Professor Pagel. In a world ____26____we want to promote cooperation, in a world that is more dependent than ever on cooperation to maintain and enhance humanity’s levels of prosperity, multiple languages _____27_____not be practical.
In fact, humanity’s “destiny is to be one world with one language”, concludes Professor Pagel.
【答案】18. to alter
19. pursued
20. things
21. are shared
22. Like 23. allowing
24. that 25. only
26. where 27. can
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了语言是如何改变人类的。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：人类使用离散的声音脉冲——他们的语言——来改变别人大脑中的内部设置，以满足个人的兴趣。分析句子，句中use sth to do sth为固定短语，意为“使用某物去做某事”。故填to alter。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：语言是社会学习的一种形式，而不是个人追求的东西。分析句子，设空处应该使用非谓语动词作后置定语，something和pursue之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词。故填pursued。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：社交学习是视觉盗窃：例如，如果我可以通过观察你来学习，我就可以窃取(并受益于)你最好的想法、智慧或技能，而不需要投入时间和精力来发展这些东西。分析句子，设空处应该使用名词作宾语，此处表示前文的“想法、智慧或技能”。故用things。
【21题详解】
考查动词。句意：应对这一危机有两种选择：要么回到小家庭群体，这样每个群体的知识收益只与自己的亲属分享，要么扩大自己的群体，包括不相关的其他人。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表示客观事实故使用一般现在时，同时benefits 和share之间为被动关系，故使用一般现在时被动语态。故填are shared。
【22题详解】
考查介词。句意：就像我们的亲戚尼安德特人一样，他们退缩成小群体，人类选择了第二种选择，语言就是结果。分析句子，设空处填写介词与后文our relatives构成介词短语，此处表示举例。用like，意为“像”；同时该空置于句首，首字母要大写。故填Like。
【23题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，正如佩格尔教授所言，语言是一种“社交技术”，允许不相关的个人和群体之间进行合作。分析句子，设空处使用非谓语动词，social technology与allow之间为主动，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填allowing。
【24题详解】
考查强调句。句意：根据考古记录，这种合作和思想分享出现在人类在地球上的迁徙和随后的人口爆炸之前。分析句子，句中it was+强调的部分+that构成强调句，句中是对this cooperation and sharing of ideas进行强调。故填that。
【25题详解】
考查副词。句意：因此，只有一种共同的语言才能促进不相关群体之间的交流和合作，不同的语言会减缓思想、技术甚至基因的流动。分析句子，设空处使用副词作状语，just only意为“仅仅只有”符合句意。故填only。
【26题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在一个我们希望促进合作的世界里，在一个比以往任何时候都更加依赖合作来维持和促进人类繁荣水平的世界里，使用多种语言是不现实的。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，先行词是world，引导词在从句中地点状语，用where。故填where。
【27题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：同上。句中表示“不可能”情态动词用can。故填can。
Section C Vocabulary
Direction: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. labour B. manner C. highlighting D. circumstances E. updated
F. characterised G. integrated H. admirable I. accommodate J. overseeing K. flexible
The house of the future? A sun-filled, shape-shifting, shed-share paradise
What will homes be like 10 years from now? Judging by the winners of the Home of 2030 competition, sharing will be key.
Shared home-working spaces, communal garden sheds and houses built using apps—these are just some of the ideas in the winning proposals for the government’s Home of 2030 competition to develop prototype “homes fit for the future”,____28____the “best of British design”. The aim was to imagine what the best age-adaptable, energy-efficient, healthy homes might look like in 10 years’ time; but, according to the winning architects, most of the best ideas have been around for generations.
“You can’t get much more ____29____and adaptable than the Georgian townhouse,” says Jennifer Beningfield of Openstudio, leader of one of the two winning teams announced today. “We’ve taken this very simple model and ____30____it for the 21st century. Our idea was to create infinite choice and variation from something very simple.”
Her team’s scheme imagines a terraced (排房) housing type made from two standard components, a base unit and a loft, joined with “connector” pieces, taking into account multiple configurations (布局) over time as family ____31____change. Standing between the homes, the connectors would ____32____stairs and a lift, as well as storage and shared workspace. One of the most important aspects since the pandemic, says Beningfield, is providing “space to work from home, without having your laptop on the kitchen table”. Each home would have its own private outdoor space, while they would all back on to large communal gardens, arranged in the ____33____of a traditional London square.
Built off-site to demanding Passivhaus standards, with a twin wall timber frame, the homes would be ____34____by generous 2.7m high ceilings and tall 2.5m windows and doors, massively increasing the amount of daylight brought into the rooms, compared with most new-build spec housing. Beningfield, who studied and worked in South Africa and the US, says that off-site construction is crucial, given the shocking build quality of so many new homes in the UK – which she fears will only get worse after Brexit, if much of the skilled ____35____is forced to leave.
As is so often the case with blue-sky (纯理论的) ideas competitions, the ambitions of the Home of 2030 winning teams are ____36____– and, in this case, completely buildable – but there is little evidence to suggest that either the government or the volume housebuilding sector has any intention of putting them into practice. For that, we must look to Sunderland in 2023, and hope that a(n)____37____union of other councils, communities and smaller-scale builders have the imagination to follow their lead.
【答案】28. C
29. K 30. E 31. D 32. I 33. B 34. G 35. A 36. H 37. J
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未来的房子的模型，它可以是一个充满阳光、形状多变、共享棚屋的天堂。
【28题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：共享的家庭工作空间、公共花园棚屋和使用应用程序建造的房屋——这些只是政府的2030年家园竞赛的获胜提案中的一些想法，该竞赛旨在开发“适合未来的家园”原型，突出了“英国最好的设计”。分析句子，设空处应该使用现在分词作伴随状语，表示“突显，显示”用highlight。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词。句意：“没有比格鲁吉亚风格的联排别墅更灵活、适应性更强的了。”分析句子，设空处应该使用形容词与后文的adaptable构成并列结构，此处表示“灵活的”用flexible。故选K
【30题详解】
考查动词。句意：我们采用了这个非常简单的模型，并针对21世纪进行了更新。我们的想法是从非常简单的东西中创造出无限的选择和变化。分析句子，设空处应该使用过去分词，与空前的have构成现在完成时。表示“更新”用update。故选E。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：她的团队的方案设想了一种由两个标准组件组成的排屋类型，一个基础单元和一个阁楼，用“连接器”部件连接起来，考虑到随着时间的推移，随着家庭环境的变化，多种配置。分析句子，设空处使用名词作主语。此处表示“家庭环境”用family circumstance。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词。句意：位于住宅之间的连接器将容纳楼梯和电梯，以及存储和共享工作空间。分析句子，设空处使用动词与空前的would构成谓语成分。表示“容纳”用accommodate。故选I。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：每个家庭都有自己的私人户外空间，而他们都将回到以传统的伦敦广场的方式布置的大花园。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语，in the manner表示“以……的方式”。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：根据被动式住宅的标准建造，采用双墙木结构，住宅将通过2.7米高的天花板和2.5米高的门窗整合在一起，与大多数新建规范住宅相比，极大地增加了带入房间的日光量。分析句子，设空处应该使用过去分词与空前的will be构成将来时的被动语态。表示“整合”用integrate。故选G。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：贝宁菲尔德曾在南非和美国学习和工作，她说，鉴于英国许多新房子的建筑质量令人震惊，现场施工至关重要。她担心，如果英国脱欧后，许多熟练劳动力被迫离开，这种情况只会变得更糟。分析句子，设空处应该使用名词作主语，表示“劳动力”用labor。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：“2030之家”获奖队伍的雄心令人钦佩，这在“蓝天创意大赛”中屡见不变。分析句子，设空处应该使用形容词作表语。表示“令人钦佩的”用admirable。故选H。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：为此，我们必须在2023年关注桑德兰，并希望其他理事会、社区和小规模建筑商的监督联盟有想象力跟随他们的脚步。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，表示“监督的”用overseeing。故选J。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A Cloze
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Left out of society: Vanuatu’s deaf community push for national sign language
Tasale Edward Bule, a 45-year-old fisher from Vanuatu’s Efate island, remembers the day the world went silent. “I woke up one morning and remember not hearing the birds sing, or the rooster crow,” Bule says. “I asked everyone to call my name to see if I would hear them – it was then I realised I had ____38____the hearing in both my ears.” The illness that took his hearing has never been clearly explained to Bule by a doctor. But at 14, and with no ____39____sign language or disability support, he left school, despite dreaming of one day becoming a pilot or an engineer.
Bule’s story would be ____40____ much of the deaf community in the Pacific country of Vanuatu. With no national sign language, most people have to___41___their own ways to communicate. Some use signs they’ve developed with their families and communities, but then ____42____to communicate outside this group. Others, like Bule, rely largely on lip-reading to ____43____.
Disability advocates say this leaves the deaf community unable to participate fully in society. The group are also more ____44____during natural disasters, frequent in Vanuatu. Thus people are seeking to create an official language in the hope of ____45____life for the hard of hearing community in the Pacific nation.
____46____, the government hopes to fix this too. It is currently developing a national sign language, to be called Storian wetem han, or “using hands to communicate”.
The initiative, which is funded by the Global Partnership for Education and the World Bank, has seen _____47_____travel the country collecting signs from deaf people, and filming deaf people signing different words, which will be _____48_____to a sign language dictionary software program and turned into a national sign language.
Once developed, Vanuatu would join Fiji, Kiribati, Samoa and Solomon Islands as Pacific nations with a national sign language, though at present Papua New Guinea is the only country where its sign language, Auslan-PNG Sign, is an officially _____49_____national language.
The government hopes that Storian wetem han will be able to be _____50_____fully across the country in 2024.
For now though, Arthur Simrai, a field officer for the Vanuatu Society for People Living with DisabilitySimrai, says that many of those living with hearing loss don’t _____51_____sign language on the rare occasions that they see it. “Most of the people who can’t hear, they don’t know the sign language on the screen,” he said. “They have their own sign at home … with their family to signal or communicate what they want … but not everyone in the community know.”
If Vanuatu is able to make a _____52_____of its national sign language, Simrai says, it would make an enormous difference to the lives of people who are deaf across the country.
38. A. enhanced B. lost C. developed D. disabled
39. A. independence of B. treatment for C. impact on D. access to
40. A. appealing to B. familiar to C. distinct from D. due to
41. A. invent B. perform C. enhance D. abandon
42. A. manage B. resolve C. deserve D. struggle
43. A. get by B. back up C. settle down D. take over
44. A. plausible B. distracted C. vulnerable D. regretful
45. A. creating B. conveying C. changing D. combining
46. A. Therefore B. Meanwhile C. However D. Nevertheless
47. A. officials B. netizens C. soldiers D. therapists
48. A. delivered B. downloaded C. filtered D. uploaded
49. A. exposed B. targeted C. considered D. recognised
50. A. referred to B. rolled out C. deprived of D. drunk to
51. A. remember B. collect C. recognise D. film
52. A. copy B. mess C. success D. series
【答案】38. B 39. D 40. B 41. A 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. C 46. B 47. A 48. D 49. D 50. B 51. C 52. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了瓦努阿图聋人社区推动国家手语发展的故事。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我让每个人叫我的名字，看看我是否能听到他们的声音——就在那时，我意识到我的两只耳朵都失去了听力。A. enhanced提高；B. lost丢失；失去；C. developed发展；D. disabled使残疾。由下文“The illness that took his hearing has never been clearly explained to Bule by a doctor.”可知，医生无法解释Blue听力丧失的原因，由此可知，此处指Blue失去了听力，故选B。
【39题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：但是在14岁的时候，由于没有机会使用手语或得到残疾支持，他离开了学校，尽管他梦想有一天能成为一名飞行员或工程师。A. independence of……的独立；B. treatment for治疗……；C. impact on影响……；D. access to接近；通向……的入口；有权使用。由下文“sign language or disability support, he left school, despite dreaming of one day becoming a pilot or an engineer.”可知，Blue没有机会使用手语，且未得到残疾支持，所以他离开了学校。故选D。
【40题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：Blue的故事对太平洋国家瓦努阿图的许多聋人社区来说都很熟悉。A. appealing to吸引；B. familiar to为……熟悉；C. distinct from与……不同；D. due to由于。由下文“With no national sign language, most people have to__4___their own ways to communicate. Some use signs they’ve developed with their families and communities, but then ___5___to communicate outside this group. Others, like Bule, rely largely on lip-reading to”可知，大部分人都自己发明了与家人和社区的人交流的方法，因此他的故事和大多数瓦努阿图的聋人一样，即是个熟悉的故事。故选B。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于没有国家手语，大多数人不得不发明自己的交流方式。A. invent发明；B. perform表演；C. enhance提高；D. abandon遗弃。由下文“Some use signs they’ve developed with their families and communities,”可知，此处指没有国家手语大部分丧失听力的人不得不发明自己的交流方式，故选A。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人使用他们与家人和社区发展起来的手势，但是在这个群体之外却很难交流。A. manage管理；B. resolve解决；C. deserve值得；D. struggle挣扎。由but可知，上下文是转折关系，一些人虽发明了一些和自己家人以及社区的人交流的方法，但是和外界人就很难交流，struggle to do意为“挣扎着做某事”，此处引申为“难以做某事”，故选D。
【43题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：其他人，比如Blue，主要依靠读唇来过活。A. get by过活；维持生计；B. back up支持；C. settle down定居；D. take over接管。由上文“Others, like Bule, rely largely on lip-reading to”可知，Blue只能通过读嘴唇来和别人交流来维持日常生活，故选A。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在瓦努阿图经常发生的自然灾害中，这个群体也更容易受到伤害。A. plausible似乎是真的；B. distracted分心的；C. vulnerable虚弱的；易受伤害的；D. regretful后悔的。由下文“during natural disasters, frequent in Vanuatu”可知，丧失听力的人在自然灾害来临时，听不见声音，因而更容易受到伤害，故选C。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，人们正在寻求创造一种官方语言，希望改变太平洋国家有听力障碍的一些社区里人们的生活。A. creating创造；B. conveying表达；C. changing改变；D. combining结合。由上文“Thus people are seeking to create an official language in the hope of”可知，人们正在试图创造官方手语，这是希望改变有听力障碍人们的生活，故选C。
【46题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时政府也希望解决这个问题。A. Therefore因此；B. Meanwhile同时；C. However然而；D. Nevertheless然而。由上文“Disability advocates say this leaves the deaf community unable to participate fully in society... Thus people are seeking to create an official language”和下文“the government hopes to fix this too.”可知，残疾人权利倡导者要为有听力障碍的人创造官方语言，与此同时，政府也希望为有听力障碍的人做一些事，故选B。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该倡议由全球教育合作伙伴和世界银行资助，官员们在全国各地收集聋人的手语，拍摄聋人用不同的语言签名，这些语言将被上传到一个手语词典软件程序中，并转化为一种全国性的手语。A. officials官员；B. netizens网民；C. soldiers士兵；D. therapists治疗专家。由上文“the government hopes to fix this too. It is currently developing a national sign language, to be called Storian wetem han, or “using hands to communicate”.”可知，此处指政府正在开发国家手语Storian wetem han，该倡议是由政府开发的，所以应该是政府派出官员出去收集资料，故选A。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：该倡议由全球教育合作伙伴和世界银行资助，官员们在全国各地收集聋人的手语，拍摄聋人用不同的语言签名，这些语言将被上传到一个手语词典软件程序中，并转化为一种全国性的手语。A. delivered发表；运送；B. downloaded下载；C. filtered过滤；D. uploaded上传。由下文“to a sign language dictionary software program and turned into a national sign language.”可知，先将收集到的语言上传到一个手语字典软件程序中，然后才能将其转化为全国性的手语。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：一旦发展起来，瓦努阿图将加入斐济、基里巴斯、萨摩亚和所罗门群岛，成为拥有国家手语的太平洋国家，尽管目前巴布亚新几内亚是唯一一个其手语奥斯兰-巴布亚新几内亚手语被官方承认为国家语言的国家。A. exposed暴露的；B. targeted定向的；C. considered深思熟虑的；D. recognised认可的。由上文“officially”可知，此处指奥斯兰-巴布亚新几内亚手语是巴布亚新几内国家官方认可的手语，故选D。
【50题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：政府希望到2024年，Storian Wetem Han手语能够在全国范围内全面推广。A. referred to指的是；B. rolled out推出；开展；展开；C. deprived of剥夺；D. drunk to为……干杯。由下文“fully across the country in 2024”可知，政府希望其创造的手语——Storian Wetem Han在2024年在全国范围内得到推广，故选B。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，瓦努阿图残疾人协会的现场官员Arthur Simrai说，许多听力丧失的人偶尔认不出他们看到的手语。A. remember记住；B. collect收集；C. recognise认出；识别出；D. film录制，拍摄电影。由下文“Most of the people who can’t hear, they don’t know the sign language on the screen”可知，许多听力丧失的人有时候是认不出他们看到的手语。故选C。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：西姆雷表示，如果瓦努阿图能够成功地使用本国的手语，那么全国各地聋人的生活将发生巨大变化。A. copy副本；B. mess一团糟；C. success成功；D. series系列。由下文“it would make an enormous difference to the lives of people who are deaf across the country.”可知，如果瓦努阿图能够成功地使用本国的手语，那么全国各地聋人的生活将发生巨大变化，make a success of意为“在……方面取得成功”，故选C。
Section B
Directions: Read passage A, B, C and D. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
An exhibition of vivid photographs and a restored documentary give fresh insight into the Antarctic explorer, who died a century ago.
One hundred years ago, the leader of the last great expedition of the heroic age of polar exploration died from a heart attack as his ship, Quest, headed for Antarctica. The announcement of the death of Ernest Shackleton on 30 January 1922 was greeted with an outpouring of national grief.
This was the man, after all, who had saved the entire crew of his ship Endurance — which had been crushed and sunk by ice in 1915 — by making a daring trip in a tiny open boat over 750 miles of polar sea to raise the alarm at a whaling station in South Georgia.
It remains one of the greatest rescue stories of modern history and led to the idolising of Shackleton in the United Kingdom, a reputation that survived undamaged for the rest of the century. As his contemporary Raymond Priestley, the geologist and Antarctic explorer, later put it: “When disaster strikes and all hope is gone, get down on your knees and pray for Shackleton.”
And here and now in 2022, his death is being marked with an elaborately illustrated exhibition — Shackleton’s legacy and the power of early Antarctic photography — which opens at the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), and which includes a range of images and artefacts from his expeditions. Additionally, a digitally remade version of South, a documentary film of Shackleton’s 1914-16 Endurance expedition, is being screened at the British Film Institute.
The film and most of the exhibition’s finest images are the handiwork of Frank Hurley, who sailed with Shackleton and who was one of the 20th century’s greatest photographers and film-makers. Both film and exhibition feature striking camera work and provide vivid accounts of the hardships that Shackleton and his men endured as they headed off to explore Antarctica.
Even after he survived the great expedition, he still longed for another trip to Antarctica, and after long negotiations set sail in Quest, from England, with the aim of circumnavigating (环航) Antarctica, Shackleton was by now very ill and had suffered at least one heart attack. On 2 January 1922, he wrote in his diary: “I grow old and tired but must always lead on.” Three days later he had a major heart attack and died a few hours later. He is buried on South Georgia, scene of his greatest triumph.
“Shackleton was an inspirational leader. He had an innate sense of what was possible and achievable. He also had a huge personality but led by example. At the same time, he was sensitive to the needs of the individuals he was leading. For example, after Endurance broke up, his men had lost their protection and shelter. Their social fabric had been destroyed. There would have been disagreement. Yet Shackleton succeeded in keeping them together and made sure they survived.”
53. People were overcome with grief when Ernest Shackleton died because .
A. it was a huge pity that such a brave explorer should have died from a heart attack
B. he was the man that wrote about one of the greatest rescue stories of modern history
C. he came to his entire crew’s rescue and symbolised hope in extreme circumstances
D. there was no one to pray to anymore when disaster came and there was no hope
54. What can we learn about the exhibition?
A. It presents Shackleton’s 1914-16 Endurance expedition with powerful Antarctic photos.
B. It celebrates the 100th anniversary of the great explorer Ernest Shackleton’s birth.
C. It consists of vivid photographs, artefacts, and documentaries of Ernest Shackleton.
D. It is created by Frank Hurley, who witnessed Shackleton’s heroic acts with his own eyes.
55. Which of the following is NOT true about Ernest Shackleton according to the passage?
A. He was the leader of a heroic exploration to the South pole who died from a heart attack off shore.
B. He saved the crew members of the sunken Endurance by travelling to raise the alarm in a tiny boat.
C. He is universally recognised as the greatest Antarctic explorer who has enjoyed enduring fame.
D. He was inspirational, practical, responsible, sensitive towards his men, but had a strong character.
56. What does “Their social fabric had been destroyed. ” in the last paragraph most probably mean?
A. What they wore would not be accepted by others upon returning.
B. They could no longer socialise with others even if they went back.
C. The ship could not keep them together even if they survived.
D. They could not function socially as they had when there was shelter.
【答案】53. C 54. C 55. A 56. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章通过对一次老照片和纪录片的描述，详细介绍了一位伟大的南极探险者Ernest Shackleton一生的事迹。
【53题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“This was the man, after all, who had saved the entire crew of his ship Endurance”（毕竟，就是这个人救了他的Endurance船上的全体船员。）和第四段“When disaster strikes and all hope is gone, get down on your knees and pray for Shackleton”（当灾难来临时，所有的希望都破灭了，跪下来向Shackleton祈求吧。）可知，Shackleton救了全体船员的性命，在极端情况下象征着希望，所以人们对他的去世伤心欲绝。故选C。
【54题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“which includes a range of images and artefacts from his expeditions. Additionally, a digitally remade version of South, a documentary film of Shackleton’s 1914-16 Endurance expedition, is being screened at the British Film Institute.”（其中包括一系列他探险时留下的图像和文物。此外，Shackleton于1914年至1916年的Endurance探险纪录片《南方》的数字翻拍版正在英国电影学院放映。）和第一段“An exhibition of vivid photographs and a restored documentary”（生动的照片和修复的纪录片的展览）可知，这个展览会是由生动的照片、文物和对于Shackleton的探险纪录片组成的。故选C。
【55题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“One hundred years ago, the leader of the last great expedition of the heroic age of polar exploration died from a heart attack as his ship, Quest, headed for Antarctica.”（一百年前，英勇的极地探险时代最后一次伟大探险的领队在他的探险船“探索号”驶向南极洲的途中死于心脏病。）可知，Shackleton是在船只行驶的途中去世的，而不是选项A中所说的“off shore”（离开岸边）。故选A。
【56题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段“after Endurance broke up, his men had lost their protection and shelter.”（在Endurance破碎后，他的船员失去了保护和庇护。）“Yet Shackleton succeeded in keeping them together and made sure they survived.”（然而Shackleton却成功地让他们聚在一起，并确保他们活了下来。）可知，在他们的船破损后， 船员们失去了船只的保护，所以船员们即使能活下来，也无法集中在一起；而Shackleton却带领他们做到了，并保全了大家的性命；所以划线句是指“船员们即使能活下来，船只也无法将他们集中在一起”。故选C。
(B)
Four great mini adventures in the UK
Swim with seals, Lundy Island
Suits Water babies
Difficulty Easy to moderate
Known – with a large pinch of salt and bundles of imagination – as the UK’s Galapagos, this small island off the coast of Devon has an abundance of wildlife to discover. The cliffs are home to scores of birds from puffins to kittiwake, razorbills and guillemots, the grassland harbours the Lundy pony and sika deer and the sea grey seals. It’s these aquatic mammals that offer the most memorable encounters. Renowned for getting up close and personal with snorkellers, they often rub human visitors with their noses (despite rules stating people should keep a distance!).
Swim with Seals £69.50pp including ferry from Ilfracombe, bristolchannelcharters.co.uk
Stargaze from a bothy(茅屋) , mid Wales
Suits Nature-lovers who can rough it
Difficulty Moderate
Nestled in the Elan Valley – an area dotted with reservoirs and woodland and known by very few – is a little bothy called Lluest Cwmbach. Recently refurbished by the volunteer-run and donation-funded Mountain Bothies Association (MBA), it offers a basic shelter from the elements comprising of sleeping platforms, a solid fuel tove(bring your own fuel), and even an outside toilet (a luxury for a bothy). As it’s far from the nearest towns and villages and their light pollution, it offers some of the best stargazing in Wales. Not bad for nothing – though note they are not bookable, so space is never guaranteed. Free, though joining the MBA (£25 a year) helps with the upkeep of these wonderful buildings, mountainbothies.org.uk
Downhill on a mountain bike, Brecon Beacons
Suits Speed freaks
Difficulty Moderate to hard
From the Mid Glamorgan town of Merthyr Tydfil a whole host of mountain bike routes lay in wait for the brave. There’s just one catch – the big Brecon peaks. For hard-core bikers that’s not an issue but for those new to muddy trails it can be off-putting. But Adventure Cycling Wales has the answer: let them worry about the ascent. They transport bike and rider to the top of the most epic routes and it is all downhill from there. From £35 including bike hire and lift to route start, adventurecyclingwales.co.uk
White water rafting, Hertfordshire
Suits Adrenaline lovers
Difficulty Challenging
Built for the canoe slalom at London 2012, Lee Valley White Water Centre, just 17 miles from central London, now also offers mere mortals the chance to take to the rapids. With everything on offer from tasters of the full-on foaming course to tubing and family fun, it provides an adrenaline-packed day trip from the capital. Tasters from £25pp, must be 14+, gowhitewater.co.uk
57. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Travellers should strictly stay away from the wild aquatic mammals on Lundy Island.
B. People only need to bring your own fuel to Lluest Cwmbach as it is a luxurious bothy.
C. Riders descend from the big Brecon peaks along muddy but fantastic bike routes.
D. Sightseers can spend an exciting day going white-watering in central London.
58. If Arthur and his wife want to take to the water and enjoy family fun with their 12-year-old twins, how much do they have to spend at least?
A. £75. B. £140. C. £100. D. £278.
59. Which column on the newspaper would this passage most probably belong to?
A. Natural Wonders B. Travel Bargains
C. Exploring UK D. Travel Tips
【答案】57. C 58. D 59. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国四大迷你冒险经历。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据Downhill on a mountain bike, Brecon Beacons部分下文“From the Mid Glamorgan town of Merthyr Tydfil a whole host of mountain bike routes lay in wait for the brave. There’s just one catch – the big Brecon peaks. For hard-core bikers that’s not an issue but for those new to muddy trails it can be off-putting. But Adventure Cycling Wales has the answer: let them worry about the ascent. They transport bike and rider to the top of the most epic routes and it is all downhill from there.(从格拉摩根中部的梅瑟蒂德菲尔出发，大量的山地自行车路线等待着勇敢者的到来。只有一个条件，那就是布雷肯峰。对于铁杆自行车手来说，这不是一个问题，但是对于那些刚踏上泥泞小路的人来说，这可能会让他们感到厌烦。但是威尔士冒险自行车赛给出了答案：让他们担心攀岩吧。他们把自行车和骑手运送到最壮观的路线顶端，从那里开始一路下坡。)”可知，骑手们沿着泥泞但美妙的自行车道从布雷肯峰下来，故选C。
【58题详解】
细节理解题。根据Swim with seals, Lundy IslandSuits Water babies部分中的“Renowned for getting up close and personal with snorkellers, they often rub human visitors with their noses (despite rules stating people should keep a distance!).Swim with Seals £69.50pp including ferry from Ilfracombe,(它们以近距离接触浮潜者而闻名，经常用鼻子摩擦人类游客（尽管有规定说人们应该保持距离），与海豹一起游泳需要花费69.50pp，包括乘坐从伊尔弗勒科姆来的渡轮)”可知，如果亚瑟和他的妻子想去水边和他们12岁的双胞胎一起享受家庭乐趣，他们可以选择Swim with seals, Lundy Island这次冒险，所以每人花费69.50*4=278，虽然White water rafting, Hertfordshire冒险也涉及到水上探险，但是根据其内容“Tasters from £25pp, must be 14+(体验者花费25pp，必须14岁以上)”可知，14岁以下孩子禁止玩耍，所以不符合亚瑟想一起和家人享受家庭乐趣的要求，故选D。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是标题“Four great mini adventures in the UK((英国四大迷你冒险)”可知，文章主要讲述了英国四大迷你冒险经历。由此可知，文章最有可能取自报纸上的探索英国专栏，故选C。
(C)
In these times of worldwide communications, science is no different from other professions in that English is now the established “universal” language. Like it or not, most scientific reports are published in English, although some countries also have journals that are published in their native languages. But how did English develop into the dominant language of scientific discourse (会话)? Was it a joint decision or did it happen progressively and “accidentally”? And was it a positive move for all?
Arabic was used in all countries with an Islamic culture in the middle ages, while in Europe Latin was used for communication in science and education until the 17th century. During the Enlightenment, Latin lost favour as it was thought to be too complicated. Instead, scientific communication became more “provincial”; German, French, Italian and English were used in their respective countries and colonies, with different languages being more important in different disciplines — German, for instance, was widely used in physics, chemistry and some aspects of medicine and psychology. The relative use of these languages changed through history, reflecting the relative growth and decline of science, culture and economics in these countries. Thus, the use of French predominated in the 18th century, whereas German was most widespread in the 19th and English dominated the 20th. Social upheaval (剧变) also played a role — the use of French declined dramatically after World War I, whereas that of German increased in parallel until World War II. After World War II, and especially in the past 30 years, English progressively established itself as the primary language for scientific communication as America came to dominate both basic research and technology. In the 1920s the need for a universal language of science was debated, and a synthetic language, Esperanto, was developed but never widely used.
Despite the obvious appeal of having a common language that allows scientists around the world to communicate with one another, there can indeed be some drawbacks in using English for all communication — non-native English speakers can be at a disadvantage compared with native speakers when it comes to expressing and highlighting the interest of their papers and communicating with editors and referees. Careful copy editing can tackle the problem of accessibility of accepted manuscripts, but upstream of this stage it is down to all parties to ensure that they evaluate work on its scientific merit rather than its proper use of grammar.
The use of a universal language for communication in science is unavoidable as one obvious advantage is that findings can be more widely accessed, and resisting this concept for the sake of cultural difference would seem to be anything but productive. However, the use of national language and less technical language is useful in communicating science to the general public, as is the case with the Nature gateways in Japanese, Chinese, Korean and German.
60. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the changes of languages in science through history?
A. Scientific development. B. Cultural influence.
C. Economic climate. D. Social communication.
61. The downside of using English for all scientific communication involves .
A. some scientific work being undervalued due to its improper use of grammar
B. acknowledged manuscripts sometimes not being accessed with enough care
C. editors and referees’ failure to communicate with the authors of the papers
D. non-native English speakers being unable to express what interests them well
62. What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A. Creating a universal language in scientific communication is inevitable.
B. A universal language enables more people to read about scientific findings.
C. Cultural difference adds to the difficulty in increasing scientific productivity.
D. Ordinary people also benefit from the use of technical language in science.
63. Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?
A. Universal Language Established B. Universal Language of Science
C. Breaking the Language Barrier D. Breaking the Language Dominance
【答案】60. D 61. A 62. C 63. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。介绍了英语是如何发展成为科学话语的主导语言以及英语作为科学话语的主导语言的缺点。
60题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The relative use of these languages changed through history, reflecting the relative growth and decline of science, culture and economics in these countries.（这些语言的相对使用在历史上发生了变化，反映了这些国家科学、文化和经济相对增长和衰落。）”可知，导致语言的相对使用在历史上的变化包括国家科学、文化和经济方面的增加和衰落，而不包括社会交际，故选D。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Careful copy editing can tackle the problem of accessibility of accepted manuscripts, but upstream of this stage it is down to all parties to ensure that they evaluate work on its scientific merit rather than its proper use of grammar.（仔细文案编辑可以解决被接受手稿的可访问性问题，但是这一阶段的前半部分，所有各方都必须确保他们评估作品的价值是取决于其科学价值，而并非语法的正确使用。）”可知，将英语作为所有的科学交流其缺点包括，一些作品因为语法的不正确使用而被低估，因此需要各方都确保评估作品的真实科学价值，而非语法的正确使用，故选A。
【62题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The use of a universal language for communication in science is unavoidable as one obvious advantage is that findings can be more widely accessed, and resisting this concept for the sake of cultural difference would seem to be anything but productive.（在科学中使用一种通用语言进行交流是不可避免的，因为一个明显的优势就是可以更广泛地获取研究结果，而为了文化差异来抵制这一概念似乎毫无成效。）”可推知，文化差异增加了提高科学生产力的难度，因此会为了文化差异来抵制在科学中使用一种通用语言的这种想法，故选C。
【63题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“But how did English develop into the dominant language of scientific discourse (会话)? Was it a joint decision or did it happen progressively and “accidentally”? And was it a positive move for all?（但是，英语是如何发展成为科学话语的主导语言的？这是一个共同的决定还是循序渐进地“偶然”发生？这对所有人来说都是一个积极的举动吗？）”可知，本文主要讲述了英语是如何发展成为科学话语的主导语言以及英语作为科学话语的主导语言的缺点，故B项“科学的通用语言”符合文章标题，故选B。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
With an eye on urbanization, population growth and efficiency, tiny spaces were a big theme at this summer’s Dwell on Design conference in Los Angeles. Designers from around the world proudly presented housing and products for living small – from transformable furniture to 3D printed interior objects. ______64______Urban housing supplies are already straining (紧张) worldwide with 54% of the global population of 7.2 billion living in cities, according to the United Nation’s World Urbanization Prospects 2014 report. By 2050, that number is expected to rise to 6.33 billion, or 66% of a forecasted world population of 9.6 billion.
In North America, about 82% of the total population – roughly 473.8 million people – lives in urban areas._____65_____Many of the new units being built are getting smaller and smaller, challenging municipal(市政) housing codes and zoning regulations.
Micro-apartments tricked out with scaled-down, adaptable furniture and decor could make urban living more compatible (兼容的) with the way people increasingly live now – and help cities as they attempt to absorb more people in the future. The challenges include how to do so affordably, comfortably and with enough privacy to make these spaces homes as well as housing.
Re-thinking the toilet
The greater Tokyo area is the world’s most densely populated metropolitan region with some 38 million residents packed into about 5,200 sq miles.____66____TOTO, the Japanese bathroom fixtures and plumbing company, showcased micro-toilet design for bathrooms as small as 9 sq feet (0.84 meters) at the Dwell on Design conference.
The design also carries the EPA WaterSense label, averaging a lean 1 gallon per flush. This “saves a family of four more than $90 annually on their water bill, and $2,000 over the lifetime of the toilet”, said TOTO USA’s Lenora Campos.
Convertible furniture re-imagined
To furnish a micro-apartment comfortably, Resource Furniture has re-imagined the old Murphy beds and folding tables with sophisticated book shelves, desks and sofas that can convert into beds. Drawers pull out from under stairs._____67_____
A. A sleeping layer might include a platform bed with a desk or closet space underneath, for example.
B. There’s a very fixed idea of what an apartment needs to be and who you expect to live in the unit will affect the design.
C. Often their strategies sought to reduce the human footprint on the environment and save energy.
D. So small sinks and showers are nothing new in compact Japanese bathrooms.
E. Storage space is cleverly hidden within walls and pushed up to ceilings.
F. The number of single-person households is rising, although housing has not kept pace with demographic change.
【答案】64. A 65. F 66. D 67. E
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了随着城市化带来的城市人口急剧增长，小空间是今年夏天洛杉矶设计住宅会议的一大主题，来自世界各地的设计师都展示了自己设计的适合小型居住的住房和产品。
【64题详解】
根据空前“Designers from around the world proudly presented housing and products for living small – from transformable furniture to 3D printed interior objects.(来自世界各地的设计师自豪地展示了适合小型居住的住房和产品——从可改造的家具到3D打印的内部装置。)”可知，空前提到了世界各地的设计师都展示了自己设计的适合小型居住的住房和产品，故A项“例如，睡眠层可能包括一张平台床，下面有一张桌子和壁橱。”符合，空前提到了设计师设计的小型居住的住房和产品，本空举例说明到底是怎样的设计，故选A项。
【65题详解】
根据空前“In North America, about 82% of the total population – roughly 473.8 million people – lives in urban areas.(在北美，约82%的总人口（约473.8亿人）生活在城市地区。)”和空后“Many of the new units being built are getting smaller and smaller, challenging municipal(市政的) housing codes and zoning regulations.(很多在建的新单元都越来越小，对市政住房法规和分区条例构成了挑战。)”可知，空前提出在北美，居住在城市地区的人口比重很大，空后提出这些对市政来说都是挑战，故F项“尽管住房没有跟上步伐，但单身家庭的数量仍在增加。”符合，本空进一步说明单身家庭的数量增加，需要的住房也就更多，因此对市政来说也是一个挑战，故选F项。
【66题详解】
根据空前“The greater Tokyo area is the world’s most densely populated metropolitan region with some 38 million residents packed into about 5,200 sq miles.(大东京地区是世界上人口最密集的大都市地区，约有3800万居民聚集在5200平方英里的范围内。)”和空后“TOTO, the Japanese bathroom fixtures and plumbing company, showcased micro-toilet design for bathrooms as small as 9 sq feet (0.84 meters) at the Dwell on Design conference.(日本卫浴和管道公司TOTO在设计住宅会议上展示了小到9平方英尺（0.84米）的迷你厕所设计。)”可知，空前提出了东京是人口十分密集的大都市，空后提出了TOTO公司所设计的迷你厕所，故D项“因此，小型水槽和沐浴器在紧凑型的日本浴室中并不少见。”符合，承接上文的人口密集的大都市，引出下文的迷你厕所的设计，故选D项。
【67题详解】
根据空前“To furnish a micro-apartment comfortably, Resource Furniture has re-imagined the old Murphy beds and folding tables with sophisticated book shelves, desks and sofas that can convert into beds. Drawers pull out from under stairs.(为了舒适地布置微型公寓，资源家具公司重新设计了旧的墨菲床和折叠床，配有精致的书架、书桌和沙发，可以转换成床。抽屉从楼梯下拉出。)”可知，空前具体讲述了可转换型家具，故E项“储物空间巧妙地隐藏在墙壁内，并推至天花板。”符合，本空承接前文，进一步介绍可转换家具的设计，故选E项。
IV. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
68. 如果我们带的燃料不够支撑一整晚怎么办？(What if) (汉译英)
【答案】 What if we don’t have enough fuel to last all night?
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和固定句型。what if+句子，后面的句子既可以接陈述语气，也可接虚拟语气。如果表示条件，意为“如果”，为陈述语气；如果表示虚拟，意为“假如”，为虚拟语气。此处表示条件，其后的句子应用陈述语气，且描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，“我们带的燃料不够支撑一整晚”翻译为we don’t have enough fuel to last all night，故整句翻译为What if we don’t have enough fuel to last all night?
69. 语言学习对人类大脑的影响堪称神奇。(nothing) (汉译英)
【答案】Nothing is more amazing than what language learning does to the human brain.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、形容词比较级、宾语从句和名词短语。根据句意，应用一般现在时，表示客观事实，根据提示词nothing (没有什么)，本句含义可以表达为“没有什么比语言学习对人类大脑的影响更加神奇了”，因此可以用比较级的形式nothing is more amazing than...来表达，意为：没有什么比……更加令人惊奇；“语言学习对人类大脑的影响”可以用宾语从句表达，译为：what language learning does to the human brain，位于“than”后。故答案为：Nothing is more amazing than what language learning does to the human brain.
70. 神话故事的存在证明了人类自古以来就对宇宙充满了幻想。(date) (汉译英)
【答案】The existence of fairy tales proves that the fantasy of human beings about the universe dates from ancient times.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和宾语从句。表示“神话故事的存在”用the existence of fairy tales；表示“证明”用prove，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时；表示“人类自古以来就对宇宙充满了幻想”，该结构中that引导宾语从句，date from意为“追溯至”，一般现在时，即that the fantasy of human beings about the universe dates from ancient times。故翻译为The existence of fairy tales proves that the fantasy of human beings about the universe dates from ancient times.
71. 这本科幻小说的结局使读者领悟到，如若继续忽视对自然平衡的保护，人类终将自食其果。(awaken) (汉译英)
【答案】The end of this science fiction novel awakens reader that continuing to neglect the protection of the balance of nature will make human-being eat their own bitter fruit.

【解析】
【详解】考查一般现在时，一般将来时和宾语从句。表示“这本科幻小说的结局”用the end of this science fiction novel；表示“唤醒，领悟”用awaken sb that；表示“继续忽视对自然平衡的保护”用continuing to neglect the protection of the balance of nature，表示“自食其果”用eat one's own bitter fruit，此处表示将来发生的动作，故使用一般将来时。故翻译为：The end of this science fiction novel awakens reader that continuing to neglect the protection of the balance of nature will make human-being eat their own bitter fruit。