2022-2023学年上海市静安区高二上学期期中考试英语试卷 （解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年上海市静安区高二上学期期中考试英语试卷 （解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了 happens， t be rescued， until 5， fallen 7， against 9， whether/if， G 16， J 20等内容，欢迎下载使用。
上海市静安区高二上学期期中考试
英语试卷
I. Listening comprehension
略
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Read the following passage and fill in each blank with the proper form of the verbs given in brackets.
Surviving in the Wilderness
Many people enjoy travelling through wild and deserted landscapes but few expect to end up in a genuine survival situation. The unexpected occasionally ___1___(happen), however, so you should be prepared. Imagine finding ___2___ in the middle of a wilderness with a broken-down jeep and hardly any food and water. What should your priorities be? Should you stay with your vehicle and hope ___3___(rescue)? Or should you search for civilization and risk getting even more lost? Should you spend time searching for water or food first? Or should you postpone worrying about food and water ___4___ you have managed to find or build a shelter? If you are not sure, keep reading—this article could save your life!
Priority 1 Shelter
Do not put off ___5___(make) a shelter—it should be your first priority. Try enlarging an existing, natural shelter, such as a hole in the ground below a(n) ___6___ (fall) tree. If you happen to be near a rocky coast, build a shelter and cover it with wood from the beach. If you are on the move, stop to build your shelter while it is still light.
Priority 2 Water
If you fail to find water, you will only survive for about three days (whereas you can survive for weeks without food). If there is no rain, try walking through vegetation early in the morning to collect moisture in clothing. Avoid drinking water___7___looks or smells bad.
Priority 3 Fire
Fire has many uses. It makes food more appetizing. If you can’t face eating raw worms, boil them in water to make a nourishing soup! Fire protects ___8___ dangerous animals, since many will not dare to approach it. And you can also use it for signaling to rescuers—___9___ they give up looking for you!
Priority 4 Food
It is quite easy to get food in the wild, if you know where to look. Many survival books suggest eating a small amount of unknown plants to test ____10____ they are poisonous. However, we do not recommend to do this, since some plants are so poisonous that even a very small amount can cause serious health problems.
【答案】1. happens
2. yourself/yourselves
3. to be rescued
4. until 5. making
6. fallen 7. that/which
8. against 9. before
10. whether/if
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在荒野中没有食物没有水没有交通工具的人们应该如何进行自救。
【1题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，意想不到的事时有发生，所以你应该有所准备。陈述的是客观情况，用一般现在时，“the+形容词”表一类人时为复数概念，表示”抽象的概念时”谓语动词用单数。所以谓语动词用单数。故填happens。
【2题详解】
考查代词。句意：想象一下，发现自己身处一片荒野中，开着一辆坏了的吉普车，几乎没有食物和水。在这一句前后都提到“you”，因此可以推测这里缺少一个代词来指自己。故填yourself/yourselves。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：你应该呆在你的车里，希望获救吗？hope to do sth.希望做某事，由文意可知，这里应是获救即被救的意思，应使用被动，故填to be rescued。
【4题详解】
考查连词。句意：或者你应该推迟担心食物和水的问题，直到你找到或建造了一个避难所?由句意可知，这里应选用连词“直到”，故填until。
【5题详解】
考查动名词。句意：不要推迟建造庇护所——它应该是你的第一要务。put off doing sth.推迟做某事。故此处填making。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：尝试扩大现有的天然遮蔽物，比如在树倒下的地上挖一个洞。由句意可知，表示是树已经倒下，表示动作已经完成，所以用过去分词作定语。故填fallen。
【7题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：避免饮用看起来或闻起来不好的水。句中先行词为drinking water，指物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that。故填that/which。
【8题详解】
考查介词。句意：火能防止危险的动物，因为许多动物不敢接近火。protect against意为“防御、使免受”。故填against。
【9题详解】
考查连词。句意：你也可以用它向救援者发出信号——在他们放弃寻找你之前！根据句意可知，发出信号求救和放弃寻找是先后关系，因此需要用before表示“在……之前”。故此处应填before。
10题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：许多生存书籍建议食用少量的未知植物来测试它们是否有毒。本句考查宾语从句，根据句意可知，此处应是“是否”的意思，所以用连接词if或whether。故填if/whether。
III. Vocabulary
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. associated B. dominant C. frequent D. implications E. inferiority
F. interpreted G. physically H. predicted I. potentially J. seconds K. vitality
Most people do not realize that dreams take up about 25% of the night’s sleep, and each dream period lasts from five to 20 minutes. These is no doubt that dreams play an important role in our lives. If they can be correctly ___11___ — and that is a big “if” — we can come to understand ourselves better. Here, we look at three common dreams and what they ___12___ symbolize.
Dream 1: I can see their laughing faces. laughing at me. But they aren’t as smart. If they were, they’d be up here flying with me!
This dream has both positive and negative ___13___ . On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday routine. It may also symbolize a powerful desire to achieve. On the other hand, this dream can mean the person has a problem or is afraid of something and they wish to escape. The dream could represent a(n) ___14___ complex, which the dreamer attempts to escape from by literally and ___15___ putting themselves up above others.
Dream 2: I’m moving fast now, but it’s still behind me. Doesn’t matter how fast I go, I still can’t escape.
Although this is a traditional symbol of health and ___16___ like the first one, it too can suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from danger. Usually, fear is the ___17___ emotion. By running hard, the dreamer can possibly escape the threat. However, they can also stop moving. This makes the fear even more terrifying. One possible interpretation suggests that the person is under pressure in their everyday life.
Dream 3: I’m sweating and my heart is beating. I’m trapped, trapped in my own bed.
This symbol is ___18___ with fear and embarrassment: suddenly the dreamer loses all power of movement. They try hard to move their arms and legs, but they simply cannot. Frozen in a terrifying situation with no escape, they become more and more terrified as the ___19___ go by. Another ___20___ context for this dream is failing to do something in public, often something that you are normally very good at, such as your job. Not only is this extremely embarrassing, but it also shows a deep-seated fear of losing a job and a livelihood.
【答案】11. F 12. I
13. D 14. E
15. G 16. K
17 B 18. A
19. J 20. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要解读了三种常见的梦的含义。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果它们能被正确解读——这是一个很大的“如果”——我们就能更好地了解自己。根据下文“Here, we look at three common dreams and what they ___1___ symbolize.”可知，下文是解释梦的含义，所以此处指“如果梦能被正确地解读”，F项interpreted“解释，演绎”符合语境。故选F。
【12题详解】
考查副词。句意：在这里，我们来看看三种常见的梦以及它们潜在的象征意义。结合语境可知，此处指“潜在的象征意义”，I项potentially“可能地，潜在地”符合语境，修饰动词symbolize。故选I。
【13题详解】
考查名词。句意：这个梦既有积极的含义也有消极的含义。下一句“On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday routine.(从积极的方面来说，这个梦可能表达了一种强烈的渴望去旅行，远离日常生活)”是解释这个梦的含义，D项implications“含义，暗示”符合语境，在句中作宾语。故选D。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：梦可能代表了一种自卑情结，做梦者试图通过从字面上和身体上把自己置于他人之上来逃避这种自卑情结。根据下文“which the dreamer attempts to escape from by literally and ___5___ putting themselves up above others”可知，做梦者通过将自己置于他人之上而要逃避的应是自卑情结，E项inferiority“自卑”符合语境，故选E。
【15题详解】
考查副词。句意同上。空处和副词“literally”并列，G项physically“身体上”符合语境。故选G。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：虽然这和第一个梦一样是健康和活力的传统象征，但它也可以暗示做梦者试图逃离危险。空处和名词“health”并列，结合句意可知，K项vitality“活力”符合语境。故选K。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：通常，恐惧是主要的情绪。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词emotion，根据下文“This makes the fear even more terrifying.(这使得恐惧更加可怕)”可知，此处指“恐惧是主要的情绪”，B项dominant“占支配地位的”符合语境。故选B。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：这个象征与恐惧和尴尬联系在一起；做梦者突然失去了所有的运动能力。此处是解释梦的含义，A项associated“联系”符合语境，故选A。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意；他们被困在一个没有出路的可怕环境中，随着时间的流逝，他们变得越来越害怕。根据空后“go by”可知，此处指“时间的流逝”，J项seconds“秒，片刻”符合语境。故选J项。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这个梦的另一个常见情境是在公众面前做某事失败，通常是你非常擅长的事情，比如你的工作。结合“Another”可知，此处是解释这个梦的另一重常见含义，C项frequent“经常的”符合语境。故选C。
IV. Cloze
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
A hundred years ago, the largest city in the world was London, with a population of 6.5 million. Today it is beaten by Tokyo. With barely a quarter the population of London a century ago, the Tokyo metropolitan area has since ___21___ to 34 million, promoting it to first place in the global city league table. Tokyo’s phenomenal growth is largely due to a single factor: migration from the countryside to the city.
This ___22___ migration can now be seen in scores of cities around the globe. And it has brought us to a crucial moment in human history. In 1990, most people lived in the countryside, with a little over 10 percent of the world’s population living in ___23___. From next year, the UN Population Division predicts that for the first time in history, more people will live in cities than in the country, and the biggest growth will be in “mega-cities,” with populations over 10 million.
The ___24___ of mega-cities - there are now 20 in total - has brought with it huge environmental and social problems. Cities occupy just two percent of the land surface of the Earth but consume three-quarters of the resources that are used up each year. Their residents are making ruinous ___25___ on soils and water supplies for food and on forests for wood and paper.
___26___ the world’s population to the countryside isn’t an option. Dividing up the planet into plots of land on which we could all survive self-sufficiently would create its own natural disasters, not to mention being highly unlikely to ever ___27___. If we are to protect what is left of nature, and meet the demand to improve the quality of living for the world’s developing nations, a new form of city living is the only option. ___28___, governments, planners, architects, and engineers are beginning to wake up to this idea, and are dreaming up new ways to green the mega-cities. Their approaches ___29___ two main principles: recycle whatever possible and remove as many cars as possible. So as well as developing energy-efficient buildings, emphasis is being placed on increasing the use of ___30___ and redesigning how cities are organized to integrate work and living areas into a single neighborhood, rather than ___31___ cities into residential, commercial, and industrial zones.
Planners and architects now agree that to improve the social and environmental condition of cities the top ___32___ is to cut car use. They say zero-emission cars running on electricity or burning hydrogen are not ___33___. What is needed is a wholesale rethink of how new cities are laid out — and how existing ones expand — to ___34___ the need for cars in the first place. One way of achieving this is to build cities with multiple centers where people live ___35___ their work in high-rise blocks that are also near public transport hubs. In parts of the world this is already taking place.
21. A. added B. mushroomed C. responded D. adapted
22. A. out-of-date B. rural-to-urban C. close-to-bottom D. on-the-site
23. A. cities B. migration C. poverty D. communities
24. A. increase B. advantage C. management D. distribution
25. A. criticism B. comments C. demands D. impressions
26. A. Promoting B. Relating C. Returning D. Introducing
27. A. disappear B. decrease C. exist D. occur
28. A. Generally B. Naturally C. Previously D. Fortunately
29. A. rely on B. set aside C. result in D. look into
30. A. self-driving cars B. public transport C. green buildings D. eco-friendly packaging
31. A. changing B. arranging C. separating D. forcing
32. A. concern B. secret C. reform D. priority
33. A. enough B. possible C. common D. scarce
34. A. emphasize B. minimize C. neglect D. consider
35. A. eagerly for B. far from C. close to D. ignorantly of
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，近一个世纪以来，人口从农村迁移到城市，出现了很多超大城市，文章主要讲述了超大城市导致的问题以及解决办法。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个世纪前，东京都市圈的人口还不到伦敦的四分之一，如今却迅速增长至3400万，成为全球城市排行榜上的第一名。A. added增加；B. mushroomed迅速成长，大量涌现；C. responded回答，作出反应；D. adapted适应，调整。结合语境及下文“Tokyo’s phenomenal growth(东京惊人的增长)”可知，此处强调人口增长很快，mushroom符合语境。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种从农村到城市的迁移在全球许多城市都可以看到。A. out-of-date过时的；B. rural-to-urban从乡村到城市的；C. close-to-bottom接近底部的；D. on-the-site现场的。根据上文“migration from the countryside to the city”可知，人口从农村向城市迁移。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：1990年，大多数人生活在农村，只有10%多一点的世界人口生活在城市。A. cities城市；B. migration移民，迁移；C. poverty贫穷；D. communities社区，团体。根据“most people lived in the countryside”可知，此处是对比农村和城市的人口，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：超大城市的增加——现在总共有20个——带来了巨大的环境和社会问题。A. increase增加；B. advantage优点；C. management经营，管理；D. distribution分发，分配。根据上文“the biggest growth will be in ‘mega-cities,’(增长最快的将是‘超大城市’)”及空后“there are now 20 in total(现在总共有20个)”可知，此处指超大城市数量的增加，故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的居民对土壤和水的供应产生了毁灭性的需求，以得到食物，对森林也产生了毁灭性的需求，以得到木材和纸张。A. criticism批评；B. comments评论；C. demands需求；D. impressions印象。结合空后“on soils and water supplies”可知，此处指城市居民对土壤和水产生了毁灭性的需求，故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：让全世界的人口回到农村不是一个选择。A. Promoting促进，提升；B. Relating联系；C. Returning回归，归还；D. Introducing介绍。上文提到以前大多数人生活在农村，所以此处指让世界人口回到农村，故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：把地球分割成我们都能自给自足的小块土地会造成自然灾害，更不用说永远不可能发生的事情了。A. disappear消失；B. decrease（使）降低；C. exist存在；D. occur发生。结合语境可知，此处指“不太可能发生的事情”，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，政府、规划者、建筑师和工程师们开始意识到这个想法，并开始想出新的方法来绿化超级城市。A. Generally通常，普遍地；B. Naturally自然地；C. Previously之前；D. Fortunately幸运地。根据“governments, planners, architects, and engineers are beginning to wake up to this idea, and are dreaming up new ways to green the mega-cities”可知，幸运的是大家已经意识到解决问题的办法，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们的方法依赖于两个主要原则：尽可能地回收利用和尽可能多地淘汰汽车。A. rely on依赖；B. set aside留出；C. result in导致；D. look into调查。根据空后的“two main principles”可知，此处指解决办法依赖于两个原则，故选A。
【30题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：因此，除了开发节能建筑外，重点还放在增加公共交通的使用，以及重新设计城市的组织方式，将工作和生活区域整合到一个社区，而不是将城市划分为居住区、商业区和工业区。A. self-driving cars自动驾驶汽车；B. public transport公共交通；C. green buildings绿色建筑；D. eco-friendly packaging环保包装。上文“remove as many cars as possible”提到要尽可能多地淘汰汽车，所以此处指增加公共交通的使用。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. changing改变；B. arranging安排；C. separating分开，隔开；D. forcing强迫。根据空后的“residential, commercial, and industrial zones”可知，此处指把城市分为几个部分，separate…into…把……分成……，故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：规划师和建筑师现在一致认为，要改善城市的社会和环境状况，首要方法是减少汽车的使用。A. concern担心，忧虑；B. secret秘密；C. reform改革；D. priority优先事项，重点。故结合语境及空前的“top”可知，此处指“首要方法”，priority符合语境。选D。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们说，使用电力或燃烧氢的零排放汽车是不够的。A. enough足够的；B. possible可能的；C. common普通的；D. scarce缺乏的，不足的。根据下一句“What is needed is a wholesale rethink of how new cities are laid out”可知，使用零排放汽车还不够，还需要反思城市布局，故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在需要的是对新城市如何布局以及现有城市如何扩张进行全面反思，从而从一开始就尽量减少对汽车的需求。A. emphasize强调；B. minimize使减少到最低限度；C. neglect不予重视，忽视；D. consider考虑。上文提到要尽可能多地淘汰汽车，所以此处指把对汽车的需求最小化，故选B。
【35题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：实现这一目标的一种方法是建设多中心城市，人们住在离工作地点近的高层街区，这些街区也靠近公共交通枢纽。A. eagerly for急于；B. far from远离；C. close to靠近；D. ignorantly of不懂，无知。根据语境及空后“that are also near public transport hubs”可知，此处和near同义，指人们住在靠近工作地点的高层街区，这样就能减少汽车的需求，故选C。
V. Reading
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
It’s not always easy for wealthy people to decide who (or what) to leave their money to when they die and quite a few of them make some very unusual choices.
Due to her vast wealth, New York hotelier Leona Heimsley was able to leave $12 m to her dog, Trouble. The money for the dog’s welfare was left in the hands of Leona’s brother, Alvin Rosenthal. He also inherited money from his sister, but amazingly he received $2m less than the dog! Leona isn’t an exception. According to the Mail Online newspaper, there are roughly 1.5 million people in the UK along who plan to leave money to their pets. However, there are other extremely rich people who have very different ideas about who they should leave their money to.
Bill Gates, co-founder of Microsoft, is rumoured to be worth over $54b and he’s decided to leave the vast majority of this fortune to charitable causes. Of course, like most other parents, he could have chosen to leave his money to his children, but he hasn’t. When talking about his children’s inheritance he said, “It will be a minuscule portion of my wealth. It will mean they have to find their own way. They will be given an unbelievable education and that will be paid for. And certainly anything related to health issues we will take care of. But in terms of their income, they will have to pick a job they like and go to work.
Anita Roddick (1942-2007), founder of The Body Shop, also decided that she didn’t need to leave her money to her two daughters because they would be fine without it. She felt there were too many people in the world who had nothing and who needed this money far more than they did. She once told reporters that she was enjoying her money because whenever she wanted to, she could give away millions of pounds to human rights and environmental groups. Her fortune was said to be somewhere in the region of $50m. Some people thought she should have left at least some of that money to her children — she needn’t have given it all away. But that’s just what she did. ”I told my kids they would not inherit one penny,“ she said, and to their great credit Anita’s daughters supported their mother’s decision. Many people would have reacted very differently.
36. The writer mentions 1.5 million people in the UK (paragraph 2) to show that ________.
A. the population of the UK is smaller than other countries’
B. pets in the UK are luckier than those in other places
C. what Leona Helmsley did was not a rare case
D. rich people have different ideas about money
37 The word “minuscule” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to ________.
A. important B. unusual C. huge D. tiny
38. Bill Gates and Anita Rod-dick are similar in ________.
A. the way they deal with their money B. what their children think of them
C. the idea they have of the world D. how they made a fortune
39. The best title of the passage might be ________.
A. Money for children B. Rich but not generous
C. You can’t take it with you D. Wealthy people, strange hobbies
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. A 39. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对于有钱人来说，决定在他们死后把钱留给谁并不总是容易的，他们中的相当一部分人做出了一些非常不寻常的选择，并列举了Bill Gates等著名人物做例子。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“Leona isn’t an exception. According to the Mail Online newspaper, there are roughly 1.5 million people in the UK along who plan to leave money to their pets. (Leona也不例外。据《在线邮报》报道，英国大约有150万人打算把钱留给宠物)”可知，作者在第一段提到英国有150万人以表明Leona Helmsley的所作所为并不罕见。故选C。
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。文章第三段讲到“Bill Gates, co-founder of Microsoft, is rumoured to be worth over $54b and he’s decided to leave the vast majority of this fortune to charitable causes. (据传闻，微软联合创始人比尔盖茨的身价超过540亿美元，他决定将这笔财富的绝大部分留给慈善事业)”可知，minuscule一词的含义和majority的意思相反，接近的意思是“极小的”。故选D。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。文章第三段讲到“It will be a minuscule portion of my wealth. (这将是我财富的一小部分)”以及文章最后一段讲到“I told my kids they would not inherit one penny(我告诉我的孩子们，他们不会继承一分钱)”可知，Bill Gates和Anita Rod-dick在处理钱的方式上是相似。故选A。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了对于有钱人来说，决定在他们死后把钱留给谁并不总是容易的，他们中的相当一部分人做出了一些非常不寻常的选择。文章第一段讲到“It’s not always easy for wealthy people to decide who (or what) to leave their money to (决定在他们死后把钱留给谁)”以及第三段“Bill Gates, co-founder of Microsoft, is rumoured to be worth over $54b and he’s decided to leave the vast majority of this fortune to charitable causes. (据传闻，微软联合创始人Bill Gates的身价超过540亿美元，他决定将这笔财富的绝大部分留给慈善事业)”可知，这篇文章的最佳标题可能是You can’t take it with you(生带不来,死带不去)。故选C。
(B)
Posting 1. I haven’t got any formal qualifications - Will this stop me getting a good job?
I’ve been doing the same job for ten years, but it’s going nowhere. I’m bored and poorly paid, and the managers who are assigning jobs to me to do are much younger than me.
I want to get a better job, but I won’t be able to, because I haven’t got a degree. It seems really unfair.
Annie
Replay A
Not yet ________, no. Ask if they can give you some management training all firms should provide this if possible. Perhaps you’re not ready for your new responsibilities yet. But give your new job a chance first. And don’t worry about what your colleagues think! Good luck!
Keith
Posting 2 My boss is always making me work over time.
My job involves controlling budgets and making decisions, and the work is challenging and enjoyable. We get on very well in the office and outside. The problem is that I’m in the office almost every day, because my manager is always asking us to come in at weekends. I don’t want to say no, but the problem is that I hardly have any free time. Any advice?
Hassan
Reply B
Hello ________ I think you need to be more positive. If you don’t Pt apply, how will you know if they want you or not? If you don’t have lots of exams you’ve done on your resume, write about all the skills you have instead.
Noreen
Posting 3 ________________
I was promoted and became a manager last year. To be honest, it’s not really ‘me’ to be assigning jobs to other people or interviewing job candidates. I’m not very good at making decisions or solving problems. I got on really well with my workmates before, but they’re not so friendly towards me now. What should I do just resign?
Javier
Reply C
Hi ________. Have you looked at your contract to see how many hours you should actually work? There must be something about your hours there. Also, if you say yes all the time, people probably think you’re happy to do all the work.
Wildboy99

40. Which of the following might be the best title of Posting 3?
A. I don’t think I’ve got the right management skills.
B. I don’t see any chance of further promotion.
C. I can’t get along well with my colleagues.
D. I can’t resign at the very moment.
41. The names that fit the blanks in Reply A, Reply B and Reply C, respectively, are________.
A. Annie, Hassan, Javier B. Hassan, Javier, Annie
C. Hassan, Annie, Javier D. Javier, Annie, Hassan
42. The posts and replies are most likely to be found on the website of ___.
A. Jobinterviewadvice. com B. jobproblems.com
C. Jobvacanciesonline.com D. Joboutlook.com
【答案】40. A 41. D 42. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了在一个工作问题网站上的三个帖子和回复的内容。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。文章Posting 3讲到“I’m not very good at making decisions or solving problems. (我不太擅长做决定或解决问题。)”可知帖子3的最佳标题是：“我认为我没有合适的管理技能”，故选A。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。文章Replay A讲到“Ask if they can give you some management training all firms should provide this if possible. (如果可能的话，询问他们是否可以为你提供一些所有公司都应该提供的管理培训。)”可知答复A是写给Javier的。此题可以使用排除法，只有D项符合答复A的要求，可知符合答复A、答复B和答复C空白的名字分别为Javier, Annie, Hassan,故选D。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。文章文章Posting 1“I haven’t got any formal qualifications - Will this stop me getting a good job?”（ 我没有任何正式的资格-这会妨碍我找到一份好工作吗？ ）根据“Posting 2 My boss is always making me work over time.”（我的老板总是让我加班）Posting 3讲到“I’m not very good at making decisions or solving problems. (我不太擅长做决定或解决问题。)”可知这个帖子陈述了作者在工作中的问题， 所以帖子和回复最有可能在工作问题网站上找到。故选B。
(C)
You’re running late for work and you can’t find your keys: What’s really annoying is that in your search, you pick up and move them without realizing. This may be because the brain systems involved in the task are working at different speeds, with the system responsible for perception(感知)unable to keep pace.
So says Grayden Solman and his colleagues at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada. To investigate how we search, Solman’s team created a simple computer-based task that involved searching through a pile of colored shapes on a computer screen. Volunteers were instructed to find a specific shapes as quickly as possible, while the computer monitored their actions.“Between 10 and 20 percent of the time, they would miss the object,”says Solman, even though they picked it up.“We thought that was remarkably often.”
To find out why, the team developed a number of further experiments. To check whether volunteers were just forgetting their target, they gave a new group a list of items to memorize before the search task, which they had to recall afterwards.
The idea was to fill each volunteer’s“memory load”，so that they were unable to hold any other information in their short-term memory. Although this was expected to have a negative effect on their performance at the search task, the extra load made no difference to the percentage of mistakes volunteers made.
To check that the volunteers were paying enough attention to the items they were moving, Solman’s team created another task involving a pile of cards marked with shapes that only became visible while the card was being moved. Again, they were surprised to see the same level of error, says Solman. Finally, the team analyzed participants’ mouse movements as they were carrying out a similar search task. They discovered that volunteers’ movements were slower after they had moved and missed their target.
Solman’s team propose that the system in the brain that deals with movement is running too quickly for the visual system to keep up. While you are searching around a messy house to find your keys, you might not be giving your visual system enough time to work out what each object is. Since time can be costly, sacrificing accuracy on occasion for speed might be beneficial overall, Solman thinks.
The slowing of mouse movements suggests that at some level the volunteers were aware that they had missed their target, a theory that is backed up by other studies that show people tend to slow down their actions after they have made a mistake, even if they don’t consciously realize the mistake.
43. What conclusion has Solman drawn from the first task?
A. More volunteers are needed to confirm the findings.
B. It happens very often that people miss what they intend to find.
C. Computers make negative effects on how people perform at the task.
D. Targets tend to be forgotten after people search for 10 minutes or more.
44. What can be inferred from the third task that Solman’s team created?
A. Cards marked with shapes may become a source of distraction.
B. Fewer errors will be made if people are forbidden to move cards.
C. People may be absent-minded even when they are moving something.
D. Volunteers prefer to use a mouse to control the objects on the computer screen.
45. What does“a theory”(in the last paragraph)refers to?
A. Mistakes will cause people to reduce the speed.
B. Our visual system can’t keep up with the brain system.
C. The faster people move, the more mistakes they will make.
D. People’s actions are independent of the mistakes they make.
46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Better memory, worse search
B. Accuracy speaks louder than speed
C. Hurry up, or you will make mistakes
D. Slow down your search to find your keys
【答案】43. B 44. C 45. A 46. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。人们经常会找不到钥匙，但是在寻找过程中，拿起并移动了钥匙，自己却没有意识到。有研究团队对此进行了多个实验，并得出结论：要找到钥匙，得放慢你寻找钥匙的速度。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“To investigate how we search, Solman’s team created a simple computer-based task that involved searching through a pile of colored shapes on a computer screen. Volunteers were instructed to find a specific shapes as quickly as possible, while the computer monitored their actions. ‘Between 10 and 20 percent of the time, they would miss the object,”says Solman, even though they picked it up.“We thought that was remarkably often.’ (为了研究我们是如何搜索的，索尔曼的团队创建了一个简单的基于计算机的任务，包括在计算机屏幕上的一堆彩色形状中搜索。志愿者被要求尽快找到一个特定的形状，同时计算机监控他们的动作。索尔曼说，‘在10%到20%的情况下，他们会错过物体，即使他们把它拿起来。我们认为这种情况非常常见。’)”可知，人们经常会错过他们想要找的东西。故选B项。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“To check that the volunteers were paying enough attention to the items they were moving, Solman’s team created another task involving a pile of cards marked with shapes that only became visible while the card was being moved. Again, they were surprised to see the same level of error, says Solman. Finally, the team analyzed participants’ mouse movements as they were carrying out a similar search task. They discovered that volunteers’ movements were slower after they had moved and missed their target. (为了检查志愿者是否对他们移动的物品投入了足够的注意力，索尔曼的团队创建了另一项任务，涉及一堆标有形状的卡片，这些形状只有在卡片移动时才可见。索尔曼说，他们又一次惊讶地看到了同样程度的错误。最后，研究小组分析了参与者在执行类似搜索任务时的鼠标移动。他们发现，志愿者在移动并错过目标后，动作会变慢。)”可知，第三个实验是检查志愿者是否对他们移动的物品投入了足够的注意力，当他们发现移动物体会看到卡片，于是对自己手里正在移动的物体的注意力降低，导致错过目标，即：志愿者没有专注于移动物体，他们会分神寻找他们想看的卡片。故选C项。
【45题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段“The slowing of mouse movements suggests that at some level the volunteers were aware that they had missed their target, a theory that is backed up by other studies that show people tend to slow down their actions after they have made a mistake, even if they don’t consciously realize the mistake. (鼠标移动的放缓表明，在某种程度上，志愿者意识到他们错过了目标，这一理论得到了其他研究的支持，这些研究表明，人们在犯了错误后往往会放慢行动，即使他们没有意识到错误。)”可知，此处的 a theory 指代people tend to slow down their actions after they have made a mistake, even if they don’t consciously realize the mistake，即：犯错会导致人们放慢速度。故选A项。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“You’re running late for work and you can’t find your keys: What’s really annoying is that in your search, you pick up and move them without realizing. (你上班要迟到了，你找不到钥匙：真正烦人的是，在你找钥匙的时候，你在不知不觉中拿起并移动了钥匙。)”，最后一段“The slowing of mouse movements suggests that at some level the volunteers were aware that they had missed their target, a theory that is backed up by other studies that show people tend to slow down their actions after they have made a mistake, even if they don’t consciously realize the mistake. (鼠标移动的放缓表明，在某种程度上，志愿者意识到他们错过了目标，这一理论得到了其他研究的支持，这些研究表明，人们在犯了错误后往往会放慢行动，即使他们没有意识到错误。)”可知，专注于移动物体这个动作就会错过你想要的目标物体，因此要想达成目的，就需要放慢搜索速度，这是研究团队通过实验得出的结论，也是文章的标题。故选D项。
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
(D)
At the top of a hill called Mount Lee in Los Angeles on the west coast of the USA is a very famous sign, recognizable to people around the world. My job is to look after this sign. ____47____ The first film was made there in 1907 and by 1912, at least 15 independent studios could be found making films around town.
In the 1940s, TV started to become popular and some Hollywood film studios closed, but then TV companies moved in and took them over. Modern Hollywood was born. ____48____ If one of them ever fell down I would have to put it back up at exactly the same angle. They follow the shape of Mount Lee and this is part of their fame.
I am responsible for maintaining and protecting the sign. ____49____ When I first arrived in 1989, security was pretty low-tech-we put up a fence around the sign to stop people messing with it. But people just jumped over the fence. The back of the sign was black with graffiti(涂鸦)there was wire across it, but they still got through. So I decided to improve the effectiveness of the security.
Now we have motion-detectors and cameras. Everything goes via the internet to a dedicated surveillance(监控)team watching various structures around the city. Even so, people still try to climb over the barrier, mostly innocent tourists surprised that you can’t walk right up to the sign. But they can get a closer look on one of my regular tours.
____50____ They want to light the sign, paint it pink, or cover it in something to promote their product. You’ll get a really enthusiastic marketing executive call up, terribly excited because they think they’re the first person to think of this or that idea. They mostly get turned down. That’s because we don’t like to change the image and we hope it will have the same significance for generations to come.
A. The letters in the sign weren’t straight and still aren’t.
B. I have been working there for nearly 30 years.
C. People call up with the most ridiculous ideas.
D. It says Hollywood and that’s of course the place where films have been made for over a hundred years.
E. We used to have real problems.
F. Payment must be made for those ideas for commercial purposes.
【答案】47. D 48. A 49. E 50. C
【解析】
【导语】本是一篇说明文。在美国西海岸洛杉矶的一座名叫李山（Mount Lee）的山顶上，有一个非常著名的标志—好莱坞，主要介绍了好莱坞的历史变迁。
【47题详解】
上文“At the top of a hill called Mount Lee in Los Angeles on the west coast of the USA is a very famous sign, recognizable to people around the world. My job is to look after this sign. (在美国西海岸洛杉矶的一座名叫李山的山顶上，有一个非常著名的标志，全世界的人都能认出。我的工作是照看这个标志。)”说明这个标志的重要性和重要地位， D项“上面写着好莱坞，这当然是电影制作了一百多年的地方。”解释了这个标志的重要意义，符合语境，故选D。
【48题详解】
下文“If one of them ever fell down I would have to put it back up at exactly the same angle. They follow the shape of Mount Lee and this is part of their fame. (如果其中一个摔倒了，我必须以完全相同的角度把它放回去。他们仿照李山的形状，这也是他们名声的一部分。)”根据常识可知Hollywood标志中有一个字母是倾斜的，这是Hollywood名声的一部分。A项“牌子上的字母不直，现在仍然不直。”符合语境，故选A。
【49题详解】
下文“but they still got through. So I decided to improve the effectiveness of the security. (但人们只是跳过了围栏。所以我决定提高安全的有效性。)”说明这在当时出现的问题， E项“我们以前遇到过真正的问题。”符合语境，故选E。
【50题详解】
下文“They want to light the sign, paint it pink, or cover it in something to promote their product. (他们想点亮标志，把它涂成粉红色，或者用东西把它盖住，以宣传他们的产品。)”说明一些人的一些荒谬的行为，因此C项“人们会提出最荒谬的想法。”与下文一致，故选C。
第二卷
Section A: 单句词汇填空
选词填空
assumed streamed persist consist deprived stuck conduct

51. To our astonishment, that young man shamed himself and his family by breaking codes of ________ in the community.
52. From my perspective, true education does not ________ in simply being taught facts, instead, it aims to develop students’ ability in lifelong learning.
53. The busy schedule of the newly-promoted sales manager ________ him of opportunities to have meals with his family.
54. With more and more variety shows emerging, such programs have been popular with contemporary urban youth since it was ________ online in 2017.
55. Some volunteers just ________ that what they valued and enjoyed would also be cherished by others.
【答案】51. conduct
52. consist
53. deprived
54. streamed
55. assumed
【解析】
【51题详解】
考查名词。句意：令我们惊讶的是，那个年轻人违反了社区的行为准则，使他自己和他的家庭蒙羞。结合句意可知，此处指“违反行为准则”，名词conduct“行为，举止”符合题意，在句中作of的宾语。故填conduct。
52题详解】
考查动词。句意：在我看来，真正的教育并不在于简单地讲授事实，而是要培养学生终身学习的能力。结合“it aims to develop students’ ability in lifelong learning”可知，此处指“真正的教育并不在于简单地讲授事实”，动词consist符合题意，consist in“在于，存在于”，does not后接动词原形。故填consist。
【53题详解】
考查动词。句意：新晋升的销售经理工作太忙，没有机会和家人一起吃饭。根据“The busy schedule”可知，此处指“使销售经理丧失了和家人一起吃饭的机会”，deprive sb. of sth.“使某人丧失……，剥夺某人……”，句子用一般过去时。故填deprived。
【54题详解】
考查动词。句意：随着越来越多的综艺节目出现，自2017年在线播放以来，这类节目受到了当代城市年轻人的欢迎。结合句意可知，此处指“自从这类节目2017年在线播放以来”，动词stream“流播”符合题意，此处是一般过去时的被动语态，应用过去分词streamed。故填streamed。
【55题详解】
考查动词。句意：一些志愿者只是认为他们重视和享受的东西也会被其他人珍惜。结合句意可知，动词assume“认为，假设”符合题意，句子用一般过去时。故填assumed。
Section B: 单句语法填空(动词用法：谓语+非谓语)
56. The boy rushed in the house and told his mother in an excited voice that the hen ________ (lay) an egg just now. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had laid
【解析】
【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：男孩冲进屋子，激动地告诉他妈妈母鸡刚才下了一个蛋。空处是that引导的宾语从句的谓语部分，主句用的是一般过去时，结合从句中“just now”可知，lay表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词told之前，即发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had laid。
57. The church tower which ________ (restore) will be open to tourists soon. As we can see, the work is almost finished. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is being restored
【解析】
【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意：正在修复的教堂塔不久将向游客开放。如我们所见，工作差不多完成了。分析句子可知，which引导定语从句，替代先行词The church tower在从句中作主语，表示单数意义，与动词restore之间是被动关系，再由“As we can see, the work is almost finished.”可知，教堂塔是正在被修复，所以此处用现在进行时的被动语态，be动词用is。故填is being restored。
58. It is ten days since the classrooms in that remote school ________ (equip) with the up-to-date audio-visual aids, and such modern teaching equipment is becoming increasingly popular with the young students. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were equipped
【解析】
【详解】考查被动语态。句意：自从那所偏远学校的教室配备了最新的视听设备已经十天了，这种现代化的教学设备越来越受到年轻学生的欢迎。分析句子可知since引导的时间状语从句应使用一般过去时，又主语the classrooms和动词equip之间是被动关系，设空处应填一般过去时的被动语态形式。故填were equipped。
59. According to a recent report, the cases of Covid-19 in that island country ________ (rise) by over 25% over the last three months. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have risen
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：根据最近的一份报告，在过去三个月里，这个岛国的Covid-19病例增加了25%以上。根据时间状语“over the last three months”可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语cases是名词复数，助动词用have。故填have risen。
60. So cautious was he in their first trans-Antarctic expedition that he was the first ________ (spot) the danger caused by the tip of that floating iceberg. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to spot
【解析】
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：在他们的第一次跨南极探险中，他非常谨慎，第一个发现了漂浮的冰山尖端所造成的危险。此处用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰the first，the first to do sth第一个做某事的人，故填to spot。
Section C: 中译英
61. 众所周知，做海员意味着长时间离家。(involve)(汉译英)
【答案】As we all know, being a sailor involves leaving home for a long time.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词用法。“众所周知”译为固定句型As we all know，“海员”使用名词sailor，“做海员”表示泛指，译为be a sailor，用动名词形式作主语，“意味着做某事”使用动词短语involve doing sth，“离家”译为leave home，“长时间”译为介词短语for a long time，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填翻译为：As we all know, being a sailor involves leaving home for a long time.
62. 直到教授批评了他们的项目，他们才意识到旧的数据没有更新。(Not until ..., replace) (汉译英)
【答案】Not until the professor criticized their project did they realize the old data had not been replaced.
【解析】
【详解】考查部分倒装。表示“批评”应用criticize；表示“更新”应用replace；表示“直到……才……”应将not until置于句首，句子用部分倒装。句子描述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。realize后接的从句为过去完成时。故翻译为：Not until the professor criticized their project did they realize the old data had not been replaced.
63. 我们班定了个规矩，谁上学迟到谁放学后扫地、倒垃圾。(rule) (汉译英)
【答案】Our class has set a rule that whoever is late for school will sweep the floor and take out the garbage after school.
【解析】
【详解】考查同位语从句和主语从句。表示“定规矩”应用短语set a rule；表示“迟到”应用短语be late for；表示“扫地”应用短语sweep the floor；表示“倒垃圾”应用短语take out the garbage。分析句子结构，本句rule后应用that引导同位语从句，“谁上学迟到谁放学后扫地、倒垃圾”应用whoever引导主语从句。故翻译为：Our class has set a rule that whoever is late for school will sweep the floor and take out the garbage after school.
64. 正是通过与当地社区紧密合作，政府近十年来成功地减少了塑料废弃物对于土壤的环境影响。(It ..., impact) (汉译英)
【答案】It is by working closely with local communities that the government has successfully reduced the environmental impact of plastic waste on the soil over the last decade.
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句、动词、短语和名词。表示“与当地社区紧密合作”应用动词短语work closely with local communities;表示“塑料废弃物”短语为plastic waste;表示“减少……的影响”短语为reduced the impact; 根据句意可知本句应使用一般现在时。表示“正是……”应使用强调句结构It is+被强调部分+that+句子剩余部分。that之后的句子为现在完成时。故翻译为It is by working closely with local communities that the government has successfully reduced the environmental impact of plastic waste on the soil over the last decade。