2022-2023学年上海市南洋模范中学高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

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2022学年第一学期南模中学高二年级
英语学科线上期末考试
(本次考试时间120分钟，满分140分)
I. Listening Comprehension (25%)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. The parcel was put somewhere around the street corner.
B. She seldom receives parcels.
C. The parcel doesn’t belong to her.
D. She made a mistake by buying a wrong parcel.
2. A. The steakhouse is perfect for everyone.
B. The food in the steakhouse is not satisfactory.
C. The woman has been to the steakhouse twice.
D. The food in the steakhouse is too expensive.
3. A. The man has a stomach disease.
B. Inappropriate eating habit has made the man uncomfortable.
C. The man should eat nothing for dinner.
D. The man should have a thorough body check.
4. A. She didn’t sleep well this morning. B. Her son didn’t catch the school bus.
C. She drives the school bus. D. She is always late for work.
5. A. Father and daughter. B. Teacher and headmaster.
C. Gardener and employer. D. Waiter and customer.
6. A. She can memorize Mr. Cannes’s phone number.
B. She barely knows Mr. Cannes.
C. Mr. Cannes is beyond reach right now.
D. She will try various ways to get touch with Mr. Cannes.
7. A. She doesn’t hear the noise.
B. The noise is caused by a neighbour’s house decoration.
C. They should thank Mr. James for the notification.
D. There is a fight on the 11th floor of the building.
8. A. Some restaurants don’t request tips.
B. The service they’ve got isn’t worth the tip the restaurant requests.
C. They have refused to pay the tip.
D. The food of the restaurant is expensive.
9. A. Their gas bill is roughly steady every month.
B. This month’s gas bill hasn’t arrived yet.
C. The number on the gas bill is wrong.
D. The gas bill will get even higher in winter.
10. A. Her necklace is not expensive at all.
B. Someone will return the necklace sometime later.
C. Calling the police is not a good idea.
D. She has given the necklace to the man.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Because they wanted to produce cheap coffee.
B. Because they couldn’t bear the taste of ordinary coffee.
C. Because they didn’t want coffee to damage their teeth.
D. Because they wanted to have coffee with stronger flavor.
12. A. By only using coffee beans and water. B. By avoiding artificial flavors and sugar.
C. By physical processing. D. By adding some materials.
13. A. Because drinkers’ reviews vary. B. Because it’s only available in the U.K.
C. Because it is expensive. D. Because there are too many online orders.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. It solved all psychological problems.
B. It lacked attention on what was good about life.
C. It ignored research into treating mental illnesses.
D. It was developing too slowly.
15. A. It was confused with positive thinking. B. It’s still not a science yet.
C. It ignores individual diversity. D. It doesn’t present enough findings.
16. The origin and facts of positive psychology.
A. The advantages of positive psychology.
B. People’s opinions about positive psychology.
C. The special cases in positive psychology.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Dating back to 6000 years ago. B. Featuring Greek and Roman civilization.
C. Focusing on the light of the old time. D. Displaying gardens of different times.
18. A. Charge too much for admission. B. Not pay enough attention to modern art.
C. Exhibit art works of poor quality. D. Deal with criticisms badly.
19. A. Avoid taking kids to the Met.
B. Book a tour guide service.
C. Visit the galleries near to the entrance.
D. Select interesting galleries online in advance.
20. A. All the people pay 25 dollars. B. Local people can decide how much to pay.
C. Foreign visitors can pay zero. D. Students must pay half price.
II. Grammar (30%)
Section A Multiple Choice
1. We should take into account students’ suggestion that the school library ______ more books on popular science.
A. provide B. provided C. providing D. provides
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们应该考虑学生们的建议，即学校图书馆提供更多的科普书籍。suggestion（建议）后的同位语从句要使用(should)do的虚拟语气，其中should可省略，故选A。
2. She said she would have sent a car for me ________ that I was arriving today.
A. if it didn’t slip her mind
B. if it weren’t to slip her mind
C. had it not slipped her mind
D. shouldn’t it slipped her mind
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：她说如果她没有忘记我今天到的话，她会派车来接我的。分析句子成分可知，she would have sent a car for me ________ that I was arriving today为宾语从句，该宾语从句中用虚拟语气，根据句意，该句与过去事实相反，从句________ that I was arriving today中应用过去完成时，该空处可填“if it hadn’t slipped her mind”。再有，虚拟条件从句中的谓语动词如果是had，should，were 的话，可以省略连词if，且用倒装，故该句还可表述为had it not slipped her mind，选项C符合题意，故选C。
3. ________it rain this afternoon, the football match would be put off till next Friday.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意：如果今天下午下雨，足球赛将推迟到下星期五。根据句意和句中的would可知，该题是考查的是与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，逗号前面应该是一个虚拟条件句if it should rain this afternoon。在if引导的虚拟条件句中如果有should，可以将if省略，同时将should提到句首构成倒装。故选B项。
4. Leading politicians in the U.S. have sent letters to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences urging that it ________ actions that could be taken by state and local governments and universities ________ national excellence in humanities and social scientific education”.
A. to identify; maintaining B. identifies; to maintain
C. identify; to maintain D. will identify; maintaining
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查谓语动词、虚拟语气和非谓语动词。句意：美国的主要政治家已致信美国艺术与科学学院，敦促其确定州、地方政府和大学可以采取的行动，以保持国家在人文和社会科学教育方面的卓越。”第一空涉及一个urge引导的宾语从句，表示“敦促”，从句的谓语需要用“should加上一般现在时”，其中should还可以省略，所以填identify。第二空涉及一个非谓语动词的选择，该句谓语为identify，且根据句意，此空表目的，所以应用maintain的不定式to maintain。故选C项。
5. When it comes to death, Vincent Van Gogh ________ by others in that his wound didn’t indicate suicide, while Albert Einstein ________ longer but he refused surgery.
A may have been killed; should have lived
B. should have been killed; should have lived
C. may have been killed; must have lived
D. should have been killed: must have lived
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意：谈到死亡，文森特·梵高可能被其他人杀害，因为他的伤口并不意味着自杀，而阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦本应该活得更长，但他拒绝接受手术。A. may have been killed; should have lived可能被其他人杀害，本应该活得更长；B. should have been killed; should have lived本应该被其他人杀害，本应该活得更长；C. may have been killed; must have lived可能被其他人杀害，一定活了很长；D. should have been killed: must have lived本应该被其他人杀害，一定活了很长。结合句意，may have done 表示对发生过的事情的推测，should have done 本应该做某事，实际未做，符合句意。故选A项。
6. “Chinglish” is grammatically wrong, misspelled English written and spoken by Chinese; however, so popular _________ on the Internet that the phenomenon is generating its own specialists.
A. it has become B. has it become C. it is becoming D. becomes it
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和倒装句。句意：“中式英语”在语法上是错误的，中国人写的和说的英语拼写错误；然而，这一现象在互联网上非常流行，甚至产生了专门研究这一现象的专家。分析句子的结构可知，该句为so+adj. / adv.位于句首时的部分倒装；根据“the phenomenon is generating its own specialists(现象甚至产生了专门研究这一现象的专家)”，可知是过去所做的事情对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，故将助动词has置于主语it之前。故选B。
7. Only if you into ordinary people’s life find out why they are dissatisfied and understand the revolution threatening the country.
A. have gone … you will B. go … may you
C. go … you may D. do go … you will
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句和时态辨析。句意：只有走进普通人的生活中，你才会发现他们为什么不满意，才会理解威胁着这个国家的这场革命。当only加条件句置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，即助动词/be动词/情态动词置于主语之前，only if引导条件状语从句，根据下文are dissatisfied and understand并结合句意可知，从句也用一般现在时态，if引导的条件状语从句不倒装。分析四个选项，只有B是部分倒装结构。故选B。
8. Never in my wildest dreams ____ lead to a career of writing novels, which has allowed me to share my experience with people like me.
A. I thought the chance would B. I thought would the chance
C. did I think the chance would D. did I think would the chance
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句。句意：在我最疯狂的梦想中，我从未想过这个机会会让我走上写小说的职业道路，这让我能够与像我一样的人分享我的经历。Never放在句首，要用部分倒装。像never，not a…，hardly，little等这样的否定词为了强调或修辞需要提到句首时，要把谓语部分中的助动词、系动词、情态动词或把did/does/do助动词提到主语的前面。故选C。
【点睛】本题考查了部分倒装句。像never，not a…，hardly，little等这样的否定词为了强调或修辞需要提到句首时，该句在习惯上要形成部分倒装句式，即把谓语部分中的助动词、系动词、情态动词或把did/does/do助动词提到主语的前面。
9. _____ at first thought, practically every sentence you speak and write has never been spoken or written before.
A. Amazing as it may seem B. As it may seem amazing
C. As amazing it may seem D. It may seem as amazing
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查as引导的让步状语从句和部分倒装。句意：尽管乍一想似乎有点神奇，但事实上你所说和写的每一个句子以前都没人用过。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处考查as引导的让步状语从句,且句子要部分倒装。引导此类从句的结构为：adj/adv/v/n+as+其它，选项中Amazing as it may seem符合该结构。故选A项。
10. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. So naughty a boy he is that he has been labeled as a trouble maker
B. Down did the vase fall, breaking into pieces
C. On top of the mountain can be seen a monument clearly
D. Not until then had he realized the importance of obeying the traffic rules
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句型。在部分倒装中，so+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数+系动词+主语+that从句，可知，A是错误的，此句应为：So naughty a boy is he that he has been labeled as a trouble maker by。在英语中表示方向的副词如down, up 等词置于句首，句子的主语是名词时才能完全倒装，而不是部分倒装。B项的句子Down the vase fall, breaking into pieces应该为：Down the vase fell, breaking into pieces。所以C项On top of the mountain can be seen a monument clearly符合完全倒装。D项Not until then had he realized the importance of obeying the traffic rules是部分倒装，但英语中not...until...的主语一般不用完成时，主句一般现在时，或一般将来时，一般过去时，所以应该为：D. Not until then did he realize the importance of obeying the traffic rules。故选C。
【点睛】倒装句可分为完全倒装、部分倒装。
一、完全倒装即将句子中整个谓语动词提到主语前的句子结构。此句式的主语必须是名词。
1.当out、in、down、up、away、here、there、then等副词位于句首时。例如：
.例如：Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲了出来。
如果主语是代词的话，只能是Out the children rushed.
2.当in the room、on the wall等表示地点状语的介词短语置于句首时。例如：
At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel. 那座小教堂矗立在山顶上
二。部分倒装。部分倒装将句子中谓语动词的一部分（包括助动词、be动词和情态动词）提到主语前的句子结构。
以下几种情况必须使用部分倒装：
1. 表示否定意义的副词或介词短语如not、never、seldom、little、hardly、no sooner、no longer、nowhere、by no means、in no case、on no condition、in/under no circumstances等位于句首时。
Seldom does he go out for dinner他很少出去吃饭。
2. “only+副词/介词短语/状语从句”结构位于句首时。例如：
Only then did he realize that he was wrong.到那时他才意识到他错了。
注意：关于部分倒装，有六个经典句型，是考查倒装句时的高频考点，和小简老师一起来看看。6个经典句型
经典句型1. 在not only…but also...句型中，not only位于句首时，其后句子用部分倒装，but also后的句子依然是陈述句式。例如：
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更简单了。
经典句型2. 在not…until句型中，当not until…位于句首时，其后的主句要用部分倒装。例如：
Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room.雨停了之后他才离开这房间。
经典句型3. 在so+adj./adv.+that...句型中，当so+adj./adv.位于句首时，其所在句用部分倒装，that引导的结果状语从句依然是陈述句式。例如：
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。
经典句型4. so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语，表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者。例如：
You are young and so am I.你年轻，我也年轻。
经典句型5. neither/nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语，表示前面提出的某一否定的情况也同样适合于后者。例如：
You aren’t young and neither am I.你不年轻，我也不年轻。
经典句型6. 在neither...nor...句型中，两个连词后的句子都用部分倒装，意为“既不......也不......”。例如：
Neiher can I swim，nor can I skate.我既不会游泳，也不会滑冰。
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Meet the Islands
Located 86 km north-east of Bougainville in the South Pacific, the Carteret Islands of Papua New Guinea are composed of low-lying islands ____11____ (distribute) in a horseshoe shape, with a total land area of 0.6 square kilometers and a maximum elevation of 1.5 meters above sea level.
The Carteret Islands are believed ____12____ (inhabit) for more than one thousand years. Few places are as calm, peaceful and beautiful as the seaside here on a calm day. People are very ____13____ (welcome), gentle, and calm. There’s no phone network, shops, computers, roads, cars, or motorbikes. Food is cooked on open fires. People here live sustainably. They don’t overfish or pollute, making no contribution to the warming of our planet. However, they are feeling the consequences of the climate change.
Now, as the land ____14____ (swallow) by the rising sea, the islanders are faced with an uncertain future. Storms and high tides wash away homes, destroy vegetable gardens and pollute fresh water supplies. The trees on the island are also being impacted by the saltwater. The beach exists ____15____ fertile soil once did. ____16____ the coral and seagrasses die, so do the breeding areas for fish. Many seawalls have been built ____17____ with little success. The islands have gradually become uninhabitable.
The Carteret islanders are labelled as the world’s first official climate-change refugees, as they are forced to abandon their homelands ____18____ food shortages, rising sea levels, sinking shorelines, and the dangers of storms and tides. In front of ____19____ is the choice whether to stay and watch the islands shrink and slowly disappear or try to rebuild their community somewhere else. Yet, the relocation is not a move embraced by most, and some are unhappy living away from their home, and have returned after struggling to adapt. On the other hand, relocation will be a great challenge to the preservation of the identity and culture of the Carteret islanders.
The Carteret Islanders’ story illustrates how small island states and coastal communities fall victim ____20____ rising sea levels caused by climate change. The Carteret Islanders, with a carbon footprint among the lowest in the world, will be among the first to have to leave their homes because of rising seas caused by emissions from other nations.
【答案】11. distributing
12. to have inhabited
13. welcoming
14. is being swallowed
15. where 16. As

17. but 18. due to
19. them 20. to
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴布亚新几内亚卡特雷特群岛由于气候的变化导致了海平面的上升，所以这些岛屿变得不再适宜居住。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：巴布亚新几内亚卡特雷特群岛位于南太平洋布干维尔东北86公里处，由呈马蹄形分布的低地岛屿组成，总陆地面积0.6平方公里，最高海拔1.5米。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词作定语，和被修饰的名词之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填distributing。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：卡特雷特群岛据信已有一千多年的历史。分析句子结构可知，本题考查固定句型“sth/sb. be believed to do”，意为“人们相信……”，根据句意可知，人们相信卡特雷特群岛已有一千多年的历史了，所以需要动词不定式的完成式，表示谓语时间之前发生过的事件，或从过去持续到谓语时间的状态。故填to have inhabited。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：人们非常热情、温柔、平静。分析句子结构可知，本句话为主系表结构，空处需要形容词welcoming“热情的”，作表语。故填welcoming。
【14题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：现在，随着陆地被不断上涨的海水吞噬，岛民面临着不确定的未来。分析句子结构可知，空处为as引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词，根据句意可知，句子为现在进行时态，而主语和谓语动词之间为被动关系，所以句子为现在进行时态的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数。故填is being swallowed。
【15题详解】
考查地点状语从句。句意：海滩存在于肥沃的土壤曾经存在的地方。根据句意可知，由于海水的上升，海滩现在出现在了肥沃的土壤曾经存在的地方，所以空处引导地点状语从句。故填where。
【16题详解】
考查时间状语从句。句意：随着珊瑚和海草的死亡，鱼类的繁殖区也随之死亡。根据“so do the breeding areas for fish”可知，随着珊瑚和海草的死亡，鱼类的繁殖区也随之死亡。as可以引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。故填As。
【17题详解】
考查连词。句意：许多海堤已经建成，但收效甚微。根据前后语境可知，虽然许多海堤已经建成，但收效甚微。前后为转折关系，所以用连词but。故填but。
【18题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：卡特雷特岛上的居民被称为世界上第一批正式的气候变化难民，因为食物短缺、海平面上升、海岸线下沉以及风暴和潮汐的危险，他们被迫离开家园。根据空后“food shortages, rising sea levels, sinking shorelines, and the dangers of storms and tides”可知，由于空后的这些原因，所以卡特雷特岛上的居民被迫离开家园。固定搭配due to“由于”。故填due to。
【19题详解】
考查代词。句意：摆在他们面前的是选择是留下来看着岛屿缩小并慢慢消失，还是尝试在其他地方重建他们的社区。空处指代前文的the Carteret islanders，意为“卡特雷特岛上的居民”，作介词of的宾语。故填them
【20题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：卡特雷特岛居民的故事说明了小岛屿国家和沿海社区如何成为气候变化导致海平面上升的受害者。固定搭配fall victim to“成为……的牺牲品（或受害者)”，to是介词。故填to。
Section C
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. biological B. distinct C. distinguished D. evidence E. familiar F. gazing
G. interpreted H. pre-packaged I. revealing J. sign K. wrinkle
Baby’s Rainbow
In English the sky is blue, and the grass is green. But in Vietnamese there is just one color category for both sky and grass: xanh. For decades, scientists have pointed to such examples as ____21____ that language largely determines how we see color. But new research with four-to six-month-old infants indicates that long before we learn language, we see up to five basic categories of color — a finding that suggests a stronger ____22____ link to color perception（洞察力）than previously thought.
The study tested the color-discrimination（区别）abilities of more than 170 British infants. Researchers at the University of Sussex in England measured how long babies spent ____23____ at color swatches, a metric known as looking time. First the team showed infants one swatch repeatedly until their looking time decreased — a(n) ____24____ that they had grown bored with it. Then the researchers showed them a different swatch and noted their reaction. Longer looking times were ____25____ to mean the babies considered the second swatch to be a new color. Their responses showed that they ____26____ among five colors: red, green, blue, purple and yellow.
The finding “suggests we’re all working from the same template（模板）, ” explains lead author Alice Skelton, a doctoral student at Sussex. “You come ____27____ to make color distinctions, but given your culture and language, certain distinctions may or may not be used. ” For instance, infants learning Vietnamese most likely see green and blue, even if their native language does not use ____28____ words for the two colors.
The study systematically explored infants’ color perception, ____29____ how we perceive colors before we have the words to describe them, says Angela M. Brown, an experimental psychologist at the Ohio State University’s College of Optometry, who was not involved with the new research. The results add a new _____30_____ to the so-called Sapir-Whorf hypothesis — the idea that the way we see the world is shaped by language.
【答案】21. D 22. A
23. F 24. J
25. G 26. C
27. H 28. B
29. I 30. K
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的研究发现婴儿天生就能感知颜色，这也颠覆了之前科学界普遍认为的“语言决定我们如何看待颜色”这一观点。
【21题详解】
考查名词。句意：几十年来，科学家们一直以这样的例子作为证据，证明语言在很大程度上决定了我们如何看待颜色。此处缺少名词作介词as的宾语，根据空后的“that language largely determines how we see color”可知此处表示“证据”，故选D。
【22题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但一项针对4到6个月大婴儿的新研究表明，在我们学习语言之前，我们可以看到多达五种基本的颜色——这一发现表明，与颜色感知之间存在着比之前认为的更强的生物学联系。修饰名词link用形容词，根据空前的“long before we learn language, we see up to five basic categories of color”可知此处表示“生物学的”，故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动名词。句意：英国苏塞克斯大学的研究人员测量了婴儿盯着色块看的时间，这是一种被称为“看时间”的度量。spend time doing，花时间做某事，根据空后的“at color swatches, a metric known as looking time”可知此处用gaze at表示“盯着看、凝视”，故选F。
【24题详解】
考查名词。句意：首先，研究小组反复给婴儿看一个样本，直到他们的注视时间缩短——这表明他们已经厌倦了。空处位于破折号后，是对前一句“their looking time decreased”的解释说明，再结合空后的“that they had grown bored with it”可知此处表示“迹象”，故选J。
【25题详解】
考查动词。句意：长时间的观察被解释为婴儿认为第二个色块是一种新的颜色。此处缺少动词与前面的were构成谓语，根据空后的“to mean the babies considered the second swatch to be a new color”可知此处表示“解释”，与Longer looking times之间是被动关系，用的是一般过去时的被动语态，故选G。
【26题详解】
考查动词。句意：他们的反应表明，他们能区分五种颜色：红、绿、蓝、紫和黄。此处缺少动词作谓语，根据空后的“among five colors: red, green, blue, purple and yellow.”可知此处表示“区分”，故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词。句意：你是预先包装好来区分颜色的（天生就能区分颜色），但考虑到你的文化和语言，某些区别可能会被使用，也可能不会。上文的研究表明婴儿生来就能区分五种颜色，此处用形容词pre-packaged（预先包装好的）来强调状态，即：婴儿天生就能区分颜色，故选H。
【28题详解】
考查形容词。句意：例如，学习越南语的婴儿最有可能看到绿色和蓝色，即使他们的母语没有使用不同的词来表示这两种颜色。修饰名词words用形容词，根据空前的“For instance, infants learning Vietnamese most likely see green and blue”可知此处表示“不同的、有区分的”，故选B。
【29题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：这项研究系统地探讨了婴儿的颜色感知，揭示了我们在掌握描述颜色的词汇之前是如何感知颜色的。根据空后的“how we perceive colors before we have the words to describe them”可知此处表示“揭示”，此处用的是现在分词作伴随状语，故选I。
【30题详解】
考查名词。句意：这一结果为所谓的萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说增加了一条新的思路，即我们看待世界的方式是由语言塑造的。此处缺少名词作动词add的宾语，根据空后的“the idea that the way we see the world is shaped by language.”可知此处表示“好主意、妙计”，故选K。
III. Reading Comprehension (45%)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Most forms of conventional advertising — print, radio and broadcast television — have been losing ground to online ads for years; only billboards, dating back to the 1800s, and TV ads are holding their own. Such out-of-home advertising, as it is known, is expected to____31____ by 3.4% in 2022, and digital out-of-home (DOOH) advertising, which includes the LCD screens found in airports and shopping malls, by 16%. Such ads draw viewers5 attention from phones and cannot be skipped or ____32____, unlike ads online.
Billboard owners are also ____33____ the location data that are pouring off people’s smartphones. Information about their owners’ locations and online browsing gets collected and sold to media owners. They then use these data to work out when different groups — “business travellers”, say — walk by their ads. That____34____ is added to insights into traffic, weather and other external data to produce highly relevant ads. DOOH ____35____ can deliver ads for coffee when it is cold and iced drinks when it is warm.
Such ____36____ works particularly well when it is accompanied by “programmatic” advertising methods, a term that describes the use of data to automate and improve ads. In the past year billboard owners such as Clear Channel and jcDecaux have ____37____ programmatic platforms which allow brands and media buyers to select, purchase and place ads in minutes, rather than days or weeks. It is said that outdoor ads will increasingly be bought like online ones, based on audience and views as well as____38____.
That is possible because billboard owners claim to be able to ____39____ how well their ads are working, even though no “click-through” rates are involved. Data firms can tell advertisers how many people walk past individual advertisements at particular times of the day. Advertisers can estimate how many individuals ____40____ to an ad for a handbag then go on to visit a nearby shop (or website) and buy the product. Such metrics make outdoor ads more____41____ -driven, automated and measurable, argues Michael Provenzano, co-founder of Vistar Media, an ad-tech firm in New York.
However, the outdoor-ad revolution is not ____42____ -free. The collection of mobile-phone data raises privacy concerns. And ____43____ of the online-ad business for being vague, and occasionally dishonest, may also be targeted at the OOH business as it becomes bigger and more complex. The industry is ready to____44____ such concerns, says Jean-Christophe Conti, chief executive of VIOOH, a media-buying platform. One of the____45____ of following the online-ad pioneers, he notes, is learning from their mistakes.
31. A. shrink B. grow C. disappear D. emerge
32. A. obtained B. blocked C. separated D. arranged
33. A. making progress in B. getting engaged in C. becoming part of D. taking advantage of
34. A. value B. record C. knowledge D. feeling
35. A. opponents B. providers C. learners D. instructors
36. A. adding B. collecting C. targeting D. producing
37. A. changed B. forbidden C. cleared D. launched
38. A. marketing B. evolution C. location D. branding
39. A. measure B. wonder C. notice D. forget
40 A. devoted B. opposed C. related D. exposed
41. A. concept B. data C. customer D. research
42. A. stress B. conflict C. injury D. problem
43. A. aspects B. demands C. criticisms D. details
44. A. address B. share C. reflect D. emphasize
45. A. benefits B. difficulties C. challenges D. conditions
【答案】31. B 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B 36. C 37. D 38. C 39. A 40. D 41. B 42. D 43. C 44. A 45. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了户外广告牌在“大数据”的加持下焕发新生。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：众所周知，这种户外广告预计在2022年将增长3.4％，而数字户外广告，包括机场和购物中心的液晶显示屏，将增长16％。A. shrink缩小，减少；B. grow增长；C. disappear消失；D. emerge出现。根据下文“Such ads draw viewers5 attention from phones(这样的广告吸引了手机观众的注意力)”及下文内容可知，户外广告预计在2022年将增长3.4％，故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：与在线广告不同，这类广告吸引观众注意，无法跳过或屏蔽。A. obtained获得；B. blocked遮住；C. separated分离； D. arranged安排。此处与“skipped”意义一致，结合句意及“unlike ads online”可知，户外广告无法被屏蔽，故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：广告牌公司也在利用从人们的智能手机上得到的大量位置数据。A. making progress in在……方面进步；B. getting engaged in从事；C. becoming part of成为……一员；D. taking advantage of利用。根据下一句“Information about their owners’ locations and online browsing gets collected and sold to media owners.(有关手机用户的行踪和在线浏览的信息被收集起来并出售给媒体所有者)”可知，广告牌公司利用从人们的智能手机上得到的大量位置数据。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：把这些信息添加到对交通、天气和其他外部数据的洞察中，就可以生成高度相关的广告。A. value价值；B. record记录；C. knowledge知识，信息；D. feeling感觉。根据上文“They then use these data to work out when different groups — ‘business travellers’, say — walk by their ads.(然后它们利用这些数据计算出不同的人口群体——比如‘商务旅客’——何时经过它们的广告牌)”可知，此处指上文提到的利用数据计算出的“信息(knowledge)”。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：数字户外广告供应商可以在天气寒冷时播放咖啡广告， 在炎热时打出冷饮广告。A. opponents对手；B. providers供应者；C. learners学习者；D. instructors教练，导师。结合句意及“deliver ads”可知，此处指广告供应商播放广告。故选B。
【36题详解】
考查动名词词义辨析。句意：这种定向广告在与“程序化”广告方法结合时尤为有效，“程序化”广告就是利用数据来实现广告的自动化及改进。A. adding增加；B. collecting收集；C. targeting目标市场选择；D. producing生产。根据上文内容可知，广告牌公司利用从人们的智能手机上得到的数据再精准投放广告，所以此处指定向广告，故选C。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去一年里，Clear Channel和JCDecaux等广告牌公司推出了程序化广告平台，让品牌和媒体买家按分钟选择、购买和投放广告，而不是按天或按周。A. changed改变；B. forbidden禁止；C. cleared清理；D. launched发起，发行。根据“which allow brands and media buyers to select, purchase and place ads in minutes, rather than days or weeks”可知，此处指推出程序化广告平台，launch符合语境，故选D。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：据说户外广告会越来越像网络广告那样，根据受众、观看次数以及位置来购买。A. marketing市场；B. evolution进化；C. location位置；D. branding品牌。根据上文“Billboard owners are also ____3____ the location data”可知，广告牌公司利用收集用户的位置信息，所以户外广告会根据受众、观看次数以及位置来购买，故选C。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是可能的，因为广告牌公司声称能够测量出广告的效果，即使没有“点击率”。A. measure测量；B. wonder想知道；C. notice注意到；D. forget忘记。根据下一句“Data firms can tell advertisers how many people walk past individual advertisements at particular times of the day.(数据机构能告诉广告商一天的特定时间路过某广告的人数)”及下文提到可以估计购买产品的人数可知，此处指广告牌公司声称能够测量出广告的效果，下文中的“measurable”也是提示。故选A。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：广告商可以估计接触一款手提包广告，然后走进附近的商店（或网站）并购买该产品的人数。A. devoted致力于；B. opposed反对；C. related使有联系；D. exposed接触。根据上下文及“then go on to visit a nearby shop (or website) and buy the product”可知，此处指接触到广告，然后去购买，故选D。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：纽约广告技术公Vistar Media联合创始人Michael Provenzano认为，这些指标使户外广告更具数据驱动性、自动化和可衡量性。A. concept概念；B. data数据；C. customer顾客；D. research研究。上文讲述用数据测量出广告的效果，所以此处指这些指标使户外广告更具数据驱动性，故选B。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，户外广告革命并非没有问题。A. stress压力；B. conflict冲突；C. injury伤，损害；D. problem问题。根据下一句“The collection of mobile-phone data raises privacy concerns.(移动电话数据的收集引发对隐私的担忧)”可知，户外广告革命并非没有问题，故选D。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于在线广告业务不透明，有时甚至是欺诈性的批评，也可能会针对户外业务，因为它变得越来越大，越来越复杂。A. aspects方面；B. demands需求；C. criticisms批评；D. details细节。根据“the online-ad business for being vague, and occasionally dishonest”可知，此处指“对于在线广告业务不透明，有时甚至是欺诈性的批评”，故选C。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一家媒体购买平台VIOOH首席执行官Jean-Christophe Conti表示，业界已准备好解决这些问题。A. address设法解决；B. share分享；C. reflect反映；D. emphasize强调。上文描述了户外广告的问题，此处是指业界准备好解决这些问题，故选A。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他指出，追随在线广告开拓者的好处之一就是从他们的错误中吸取教训。A. benefits好处；B. difficulties困难；C. challenges挑战；D. conditions条件。根据“learning from their mistakes”可知，此处指追随在线广告开拓者的好处之一，故选A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Noah reached for his guitar, remembering his father as he did so, thinking how much he missed him. He strummed once, adjusted the tension on two strings, then strummed again. This time it sounded about right, and he began to play.
Soft music, quiet music. He hummed for a little while at first, then began to sing as night came down around him. He played and sang until the sun was gone and the sky black. It was a little after seven when he quit, and he settled back into his chair and began to rock. By habit, he looked upward and saw Orion and the Big Dipper, Gemini and the Pole Star, twinkling in the autumn sky. He started to run the numbers in his head, then stopped. He knew he’d spent almost his entire savings on the house and would have to find a job again soon, but he pushed the thought away and decided to enjoy the remaining months of restoration without worrying about it. Besides, thinking about money usually bored him. Early on, he’d learned to enjoy simple things, things that couldn’t be bought, and he had a hard time understanding people who felt otherwise. It was another trait he got from his father.
Clem, his hound dog, came up to him then and nuzzled his hand before lying down at his feet. “Hey, girl, how’re you doing?” he asked as he patted her head, and she whined softly, her soft round eyes peering upward. A car accident had taken her leg, but she still moved well enough and kept him company on quiet nights like these. He was thirty-one now, not too old, but old enough to be lonely. He hadn’t dated since he’d been back here, hadn’t met anyone who remotely interested him. It was his own fault, he knew. There was something that kept a distance between him and any woman who started to get close, something he wasn’t sure he could change even if he tried. And sometimes in the moments right before sleep came, he wondered if he was destined to be alone forever.
The evening passed, staying warm, nice. Noah listened to the crickets and the rustling leaves, thinking that the sound of nature was more real and aroused more emotion than things like cars and planes. Natural things gave back more than they took, and their sounds always brought him back to the way man was supposed to be. “It’ll keep you from going crazy,” his father had told him the day he’d shipped out. “It’s God’s music and it’ll take you home.” He finished his tea, went inside, found a book, then turned on the porch light on his way back out. After sitting down again, he looked at the book. It was old, the cover was torn, and the pages were stained with mud and water.
It was Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman, and he had carried it with him throughout the war. It had even taken a bullet for him once. He rubbed the cover, dusting it off just a little. Then he let the book open randomly and read the words in front of him: This is thy hour O Soul, thy free flight into the wordless. Away from books, away from art, the day erased, the lesson done. Thee fully forth emerging, silent, gazing, pondering the themes thou lovest best. Night, sleep, death and the stars. For some reason Whitman always reminded him of New Bern, and he was glad he’d come back. Though he’d been away from fourteen years, this was home and he knew a lot of people here, most of them from his youth. Like so many southern towns, the people who lived here never changed, they just grew a bit older.
46. The underlined sentence in paragraph two is the equivalent of “_________”.
A. he hated those who were unable to appreciate simple things in life
B. he didn’t see eye to eye with people who liked to save money
C. he had difficulty in figuring out how he got this trait from his father
D. he didn’t understand why people were so materialistic
47. Which of the following is NOT true according the passage?
A. Noah often played the guitar and observed the stars.
B. Clem the dog showed great affection for her master.
C. Noah was destined to be alone since no woman seemed interested in him.
D. Noah planned to restore his house before landing himself a job.
48. Which of the following statements would Noah’s father most agree with?
A. Patients suffering from mental disorder can be cured by nature.
B. The closer you are to nature, the closer you are to your true self.
C. Where there is God’s music, there is home.
D. A good book is a man’s beset company.
49. Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman _________.
A. had been a treasure but was now too damaged to read
B. recorded the lives of New Bern’s people who never changed over the years
C. was beyond Noah’s understanding so he randomly picked up some words to read
D. stirred a feeling of nostalgia in Noah
【答案】46. D 47. C 48. B 49. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了回到老家的某天Noah弹吉他时的感触。
【46题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线部分上文“He knew he’d spent almost his entire savings on the house and would have to find a job again soon, but he pushed the thought away and decided to enjoy the remaining months of restoration without worrying about it. Besides, thinking about money usually bored him. Early on, he’d learned to enjoy simple things, things that couldn’t be bought,(他知道自己几乎把所有的积蓄都花在了房子上，很快就得再找一份工作了，但他放弃了这个想法，决定享受剩下的几个月的修缮工作，不用担心。此外，想到钱通常会让他感到厌烦。早期，他学会了享受简单的东西，那些买不到的东西)”可知，Noah此刻享受的是用金钱无法买来的东西，由此可知划线句子意为“他不明白为什么有的人很物质（把快乐建立在物质生活上）”。故选D。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“It was his own fault, he knew. There was something that kept a distance between him and any woman who started to get close, something he wasn’t sure he could change even if he tried. And sometimes in the moments right before sleep came, he wondered if he was destined to be alone forever.(他知道这是他自己的错。他和任何开始走近的女人之间都有某种距离，即使他尝试了，他也不确定能不能改变。有时，在睡前的时刻，他会想自己是否注定要永远孤独)”可知，Noah认为自己注定孤独不是因为没有女人对他感兴趣，而是他和她们保持某种距离。故选C。
【48题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“The evening passed, staying warm, nice. Noah listened to the crickets and the rustling leaves, thinking that the sound of nature was more real and aroused more emotion than things like cars and planes. Natural things gave back more than they took, and their sounds always brought him back to the way man was supposed to be. “It’ll keep you from going crazy,” his father had told him the day he’d shipped out. “It’s God’s music and it’ll take you home.”(夜晚过去了，温暖而美好。Noah听着蟋蟀的叫声和树叶的沙沙声，觉得大自然的声音比汽车和飞机的声音更真实，更能激起人们的情感。自然事物给予的比索取的多，大自然的声音总能把他带回人类应有的样子。“这样你就不会发疯了。”他出航那天，父亲对他说。“这是上帝的音乐，它会带你回家。”)”可知，Noah的父亲认为大自然的声音是上帝的声音，它会让人平静，并且会带人们回到生养自己的地方，做回真正的自己。由此推知，Noah的父亲会同意“你越接近自然，你就越接近真实的自己”。故选B。
【49题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“For some reason Whitman always reminded him of New Bern, and he was glad he’d come back. Though he’d been away from fourteen years, this was home and he knew a lot of people here, most of them from his youth. Like so many southern towns, the people who lived here never changed, they just grew a bit older.(出于某种原因，惠特曼总是让他想起New Bern，他很高兴自己能回来。虽然他已经离开了14年，但这里是他的家，他在这里认识很多人，其中大部分是他年轻时认识的。像许多南方城镇一样，住在这里的人从来没有改变过，他们只是变老了一点)”推知，惠特曼的《草叶集》激起了诺亚的怀旧之情。故选D。
B

People with fixed mindsets believe that:
●Skill, intelligence and talents are natural.
●Failure is shameful and should be avoided.
●Some people are naturally good at things while others not.
●You are not in control of your abilities.
People with growth mindsets believe that:
●You have the capacity to learn and grow your skills.
●Failure is a valuable lesson.
●People who are good at something are good because they build that ability.
●You are in control of your abilities.
have a desire to look smart, so tend to:
—Avoid challenges.
—Give up easily.
—See effort as fruitless or worse.
—Ignore useful negative feedback.
—Feel threatened by the success of others.
have a desire to learn, so tend to:
—Embrace challenges.
—Persist in the face of setbacks.
—See effort as the path to mastery.
—Learn from criticism.
—Find lessons and inspiration in the success of others.
As a result, they may stay at the same level early and achieve less than their full potential.
As a result, they reach ever-higher levels of achievement.
Change can be tough, but I’ve never heard anyone say it wasn’t worth it. Did changing to a growth mindset solve all my problems? No. But I know that I have a different life because of it—a richer one.

50. The book “mindset” is intended to ________.
A. tell readers that two different mindsets lead to different results
B. illustrate that people with different mindsets hold different beliefs
C. help readers believe people act differently when facing challenges
D. persuade people to learn to change so as to enjoy a more fruitful life
51. Generally speaking, people with fixed mindsets are mostly ________.
A. successful B. straightforward
C. intelligent D. narrow-minded
52. A person with a growth mindset is likely to say ________.
A. “If I win, I’ll be somebody; if I lose, I’ll be nobody.”
B. “To be good at sports, you need to be naturally gifted.”
C. “Learn techniques and skills and practice them regularly, and you will always improve.”
D. “You have a certain level of ability in sports and you cannot really do much to change it.”
【答案】50. D 51. D 52. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了“mindset”这本书。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。根据文中两个表格内容“People with fixed mindsets believe that(固定心态的人认为)”和“People with growth mindsets believe that(拥有成长型心态的人相信)”可知，本文通过两种不同心态的人进行对比，最后得出结论，根据表格最后“Change can be tough, but I’ve never heard anyone say it wasn’t worth it. Did changing to a growth mindset solve all my problems? No. But I know that I have a different life because of it—a richer one.(改变是艰难的，但我从未听任何人说不值得。转变成长型思维模式能解决我所有的问题吗？不。但我知道，我有一个不同的生活，因为它——一个更丰富的生活)”可知，《心态》一书的目的是说服人们学会改变，才能享受更丰硕的人生。故选D项。
【51题详解】
推理判断题。根据表格中间左边部分have a desire to look smart, so tend to下的“Feel threatened by the success of others.(对他人的成功感到威胁)”可推知固定心态的人一般是心胸狭窄的。故选D项。
【52题详解】
推理判断题。根据表格上面右边部分People with growth mindsets believe that下的“You have the capacity to learn and grow your skills.(你有能力学习和提高自己的技能)”以及中间部分have a desire to learn, so tend to下的“See effort as the path to mastery.(把努力看作是通往精通的道路)”结合选项可推知，C项“Learn techniques and skills and practice them regularly, and you will always improve.(学习技术和技巧，并经常练习，你就会不断进步)”是一个拥有成长型思维模式的人可能会说的。故选C项。
C
In the film Inside Out, 11-year-old Riley’s emotions are personified as brightly colored internal figures that drive her behaviors. The same five emotions—anger, fear, disgust (憎恶), sadness, and joy—appear in every other character’s head as well, functioning in much the same way in each individual. In Western cultures, this is the case, argues psychologist Batja Mesquita in Between Us. Emotions in such contexts, she writes, are considered “MINE,” or “Mental, INside the person, and Essentialist,” the latter defined in the book as always having the same properties.
This conception of emotion is not universal, however. Emotions elsewhere, she argues, are thought of as “OURS”—“OUtside the person, Relational, and Situated.” Using this distinction, Mesquita sets about contrasting emotions in “the West,” where the individual is the top concern, with “the Rest,” where community is prioritized.
Mesquita describes amae as a central emotion in Japanese culture, where it builds interdependence by encouraging tolerance in parenting process. She describes hasham—which includes shame, embarrassment, and social respectability—as a fundamental emotion for Egyptian Bedouins (游牧人). Such observations provide a background for her to explore a range of issues, including childhood socialization, the nature of friendship, the role of language in shaping emotions, and cross-cultural communication in a globalized world.
Despite Mesquita’s emphasis on cross-cultural emotions, there is little discussion of whether the MINE-OURS dichotomy (二分法) accurately explains global cultural variation. Other scholars have noted, for example, that hunter-gatherer societies at the same time emphasize both individual self-government and social cooperation. And in an apparent contradiction to her earlier arguments, Mesquita herself ultimately concludes that Westerners have OURS emotions.
Taken as a whole, however, the book contributes much to the discussion of the origins of emotions, presenting a remarkable collection of cross-cultural studies intermixed with personal stories about foreign residents’ struggles to reunite diverse emotional and social worlds. In chapter 8, for example, Mesquita describes an incident where she—a Dutch native living in the United States—bumped into the famous American psychologist Hazel Markus at a conference Markus helped organize. Wishing to express understanding of Markus’s workload, Mesquita declared “You look a little tired.” The remark appeared to make Markus nervous and confused but was intended as an expression of sympathy—to sympathize in Dutch is to acknowledge suffering, not offer comfort as in the US.
The book’s take-home message is fundamental: There are no natural emotions, no inborn emotions, no universal emotions. Mesquita argues that emotions are “meaning making” and “a preparation for action” and that the idea of “emotions as inner states” is a Western construct. Instead, she suggests that emotions are a “dance” cocreated between people who live in a specific cultural context at a particular historical moment.
53. In Between Us, Mesquita indicates that ______.
A. the Japanese build kids’ emotion of shame in parenting
B MINE-OURS dichotomy is the very cause of cross-cultural emotions
C. emotions outside “the West” are considered community-centred
D. hunter-gatherers have both emotions of “OURS” and “MINE”
54. We can infer from the incident in paragraph 5 that ______.
A. the emotion of sympathy is to offer help in Dutch culture
B. foreign residents from different cultures usually unite as one
C. as Dutch Mesquita shows her personality of warmth and caring
D. cross-cultural emotional exchanges probably cause misunderstanding
55. What is Mesquita’s main argument about emotions in her book?
A. Family education hardly influences one’s emotions.
B. Sociocultural contexts largely contribute to emotions.
C. Western people’s emotions have no properties of OURS.
D. Internal factors play a vital role in shaping how we feel.
56. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. The cultural landscape of emotions B. The cultural origin of emotions
C. The cultural convention of emotions D. The cultural shock of emotions
【答案】53. C 54. D 55. B 56. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章通过对书籍“In Between Us”中关于情感的描述，介绍了作者——心理学家Mesquita对于情感的概念和产生原因的理解，体现了社会文化背景对情感的影响。
【53题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Using this distinction, Mesquita sets about contrasting emotions in “the West,” where the individual is the top concern, with “the Rest,” where community is prioritized.”（利用这一区别，Mesquita开始对比“西方”和“其他国家”的情感，“西方”的个人是最受关注的，“其他国家”的社区是优先考虑的。）可知，Mesquita表明了在“西方”之外的情感被认为是以社区为中心的。故选C。
【54题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Wishing to express understanding of Markus’s workload, Mesquita declared “You look a little tired.” The remark appeared to make Markus nervous and confused but was intended as an expression of sympathy--to sympathize in Dutch is to acknowledge suffering, not offer comfort as in the US.”（为了表达对Markus工作量的理解，Mesquita说:“你看起来有点累。”这句话似乎让Markus感到紧张和困惑，但这是一种同情的表达——在荷兰，同情是承认痛苦，而不是像在美国那样提供安慰。）可知，Mesquita的话引起了Markus的误解，说明跨文化的情感交流可能会造成彼此之间的误解。故选D。
【55题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“ she suggests that emotions are a “dance” cocreated between people who live in a specific cultural context at a particular historical moment.”（她认为，情感是生活在特定文化背景下、特定历史时刻的人们共同创造的“舞蹈”。）可知，Mesquita在书中的主要观点是社会文化背景在很大程度上导致了情感的产生。故选B。
【56题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段“Taken as a whole, however, the book contributes much to the discussion of the origins of emotions,”（然而，从整体上看，这本书对情感起源的讨论做出了很大贡献）和最后一段“ she suggests that emotions are a “dance” cocreated between people who live in a specific cultural context at a particular historical moment.”（她认为，情感是生活在特定文化背景下、特定历史时刻的人们共同创造的“舞蹈”。）并结合全文内容可知，文章主要是通过Mesquita在她的书中的观点讨论了情感的文化起源。故选B。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Iron Cooks
Robots have arrived in American restaurants and hotels for the same reasons they first arrived on factory floors. ____57____ Labor, meanwhile, is getting expensive, as some cities and states pass laws raising the minimum wage.
“We think we’ve hit the point where labor-wage rates are now making automation of those tasks make a lot more sense,” Bob Wright, the chief operations officer of the fast-food chain Wendy’s, said in a conference call with investors last February, referring to jobs that feature “repetitive production tasks.” Wendy’s and McDonald’s are in the process of installing self-service kiosks in locations across the country, allowing customers to order without ever talking to an employee.
____58____ The international chain CaliBurger, for example, will soon install Flippy, a robot that can make 150 burgers an hour. John Miller, the CEO of Cali Group, which owns the chain, says employees don’t like working in the kitchen. Once the robots are sweating there, human employees will be free to interact with customers in more-targeted ways, bringing them extra napkins and asking them how they’re enjoying their burgers.
How many employees, though, do you need working in the café? ____59____ Will companies like CaliBurger see sufficient value in employing human greeters and soup-and-sandwich deliverers to keep those positions around long-term?
The experience of Eatsa may be instructive. The start-up restaurant, based in San Francisco, allows customers to order its quinoa bowls and salads on their smartphone or an in-store tablet and then pick up their order from a white wall of cubbies — an Automat for the app age. Initially, two greeters were stationed alongside the cubbies to welcome and direct customers. ____60____ So the company now employs a single greeter in its restaurants.
A. The early success of the kiosks suggests that, at least when ordering fast food, customers prize speed over high-touch customer service.
B. Business owners insist that robots will take over work that is dirty, dangerous, or just dull, enabling humans to focus on other tasks.
C. The better hope for workers might be that automation helps the food-service industry continue to develop.
D. But over time, customers relied less frequently on the greeters.
E. The cost of machines has fallen significantly in recent years, dropping 40 percent since 2005.
F. This has typically been the story of automation: Technology eliminates old jobs, but it also creates new ones.
【答案】57. E 58. B 59. A 60. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了机器人进入美国餐馆和酒店以及所带来的变化。
【57题详解】
根据上文“Robots have arrived in American restaurants and hotels for the same reasons they first arrived on factory floors.(机器人进入美国餐馆和酒店的原因与它们最初进入工厂的原因相同)”以及后文“Labor, meanwhile, is getting expensive, as some cities and states pass laws raising the minimum wage.(与此同时，随着一些城市和州通过提高最低工资标准的法律，劳动力成本也越来越高)”可知，上文提到了机器人进入了餐馆和酒店，后文则提到了劳动力成本增加，可见本句是在说明机器的成本问题。故E选项“近年来机器的成本大幅下降，自2005年以来下降了40%”符合语境，故选E。
【58题详解】
根据后文“The international chain CaliBurger, for example, will soon install Flippy, a robot that can make 150 burgers an hour. John Miller, the CEO of Cali Group, which owns the chain, says employees don’t like working in the kitchen. Once the robots are sweating there, human employees will be free to interact with customers in more-targeted ways, bringing them extra napkins and asking them how they’re enjoying their burgers.(例如，国际连锁店CaliBurger很快就会安装Flippy，这是一个每小时可以制作150个汉堡的机器人。拥有该连锁店的卡利集团的首席执行官约翰·米勒说，员工不喜欢在厨房工作。一旦机器人在那里出汗，人类员工就可以自由地以更有针对性的方式与顾客互动，给他们额外的餐巾纸，并询问他们喜欢吃汉堡吗)”可知，后文国际连锁店CaliBurger的例子表明，机器人可以代替人类去做枯燥的工作，而人类可以专注于与顾客互动，故B选项“企业主们坚持认为，机器人将取代肮脏、危险或枯燥的工作，使人类能够专注于其他任务”符合语境，故选B。
【59题详解】
根据上文“How many employees, though, do you need working in the café?(但是，你需要多少员工在咖啡馆工作？)”以及后文“Will companies like CaliBurger see sufficient value in employing human greeters and soup-and-sandwich deliverers to keep those positions around long-term? (像CaliBurger这样的公司是否认为雇佣接待员和送汤送三明治的人来长期维持这些职位有足够的价值？)”可知，本句承接上文，回答需要多少员工在咖啡馆工作的问题，且结合后文提到了送三明治，即快餐行业，故A选项“自助服务站早期的成功表明，至少在订购快餐时，顾客更看重速度，而不是高质量的顾客服务”符合语境，故选A。
【60题详解】
根据上文“The experience of Eatsa may be instructive. The start-up restaurant, based in San Francisco, allows customers to order its quinoa bowls and salads on their smartphone or an in-store tablet and then pick up their order from a white wall of cubbies — an Automat for the app age. Initially, two greeters were stationed alongside the cubbies to welcome and direct customers.( Eatsa的经验可能是有益的。这家初创餐厅总部位于旧金山，顾客可以在智能手机或店内平板电脑上订购奎奴亚藜碗和沙拉，然后从一排白色的小隔间里取餐——这是应用时代的自动售货机。最初，两名迎宾员站在小隔间旁边，欢迎和指导顾客)”以及后文“So the company now employs a single greeter in its restaurants. (因此，该公司现在在其餐厅雇佣了一名迎宾员)”可知，上文和后文提到了迎宾员的变化情况，可知本句是在说明迎宾员的数量问题，D选项中greeters对应上文中greeters。故D选项“但随着时间的推移，顾客对迎宾员的依赖越来越少”符合语境，故选D。
II. Translation (15%)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
61. 他很少想到要降低压力，因为他认为压力对他有益。(beneficial) (汉译英)
【答案】He seldom thinks of reducing stress, because he considers it beneficial to him.
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词、名词和固定短语以及时态。表示“很少”应用副词seldom；表示“压力”应用名词stress；表示“有益的”应用形容词beneficial；表示“认为某物……”应用“consider sth.+形容词作宾语补足语”。根据句意，此处应用一般现在时。故翻译为：He seldom thinks of reducing stress, because he considers it beneficial to him.
62. 人们常把鸽子与和平联系在一起。你知道为什么鸽子象征和平吗?(associate) (汉译英)
【答案】People often associate pigeons with peace. Do you know why pigeons symbolize peace?
【解析】
【详解】考查名词，动词，副词，介词，连词，短语和时态。表示“人们”应用名词people；表示“常”应用副词often；表示“鸽子”应用名词pigeon；表示“和平”应用名词peace；表示“把…与…联系在一起”应用动词短语associate…with…；表示“你”应用代词you；表示“知道”应用动词know；表示“为什么”应用连词why；表示“象征”应用动词symbolize；分析句子结构和意思可知，“你知道为什么鸽子象征和平吗?”是一般疑问句，“为什么鸽子象征和平”是“知道”的宾语，要用宾语从句的结构来表达，连词用why；这句话描述的是一般事实，所以谓语用一般现在时。故翻译为People often associate pigeons with peace. Do you know why pigeons symbolize peace?
63. 全球变暖和青少年犯罪是竞选活动中的关键问题。(campaign) (汉译英)
【答案】Global warming and adolescent crimes are key issues in the campaign.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词和形容词。表示“全球变暖”应用名词短语global warming；表示“青少年”应用形容词adolescent；表示“犯罪”应用名词crime；表示“竞选活动”应用名词campaign。故翻译为：Global warming and adolescent crimes are key issues in the campaign.
64. 这项法令刚执行，关于减肥产品的广告就在电视上禁播了。(Hardly, ban) (汉译英)
【答案】Hardly had the law been implemented when advertisements for weight-loss products were banned on TV.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词，动词，副词，介词，连词，短语和时态。表示“这项法令”应用名词短语the law；表示“执行”应用动词implement；表示“关于”应用介词for；表示“减肥”应用名词weight-loss；表示“产品”应用名词product；表示“广告”应用名词advertisement；表示“在电视上”应用介词短语on TV；表示“禁播”应用动词ban；表示“刚……就……”应用固定句型Hardly had…when...；分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语动词用一般过去时，表示“刚…就…”的固定句型是过去完成时。故翻译为Hardly had the law been implemented when advertisements for weight-loss products were banned on TV.
III. Guided Writing (25%)
65. Directions: Write an English composition in no less than 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
China Daily正在开展一项国民运动调查，报告显示，健走已成为中国人最常见的运动。请根据图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容要点：
1.描述调查结果；
2.分析健走最受欢迎原因；
3.说明你的看法。
注意：词数150词；短文题目已写好。

Most Popular Types of Exercise Among Chinese
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Most Popular Types of Exercise Among Chinese
A recent survey by China Daily has unveiled that fast walking topped all exercise activities in China now, which takes up 36.93%. Nearly a quarter like running. The number of people who are in favor of cycling is 14.6% of the whole. 3.46% of them dance to exercise. And the rest have some other exercise activities.
There are many reasons why people like fast walking as their favorite exercise activities. First, it can change blood quality, regulate vascular function and improve our cardiopulmonary function and endurance. Besides, our bone and joint health can be promoted and human immunity can be increased. Most importantly, we can improve our mental state and sleep quality through this kind of exercise.
As is shown above, there are so many benefits of fast walking. It’s no wonder that so many people like it now. But in my opinion, every person has his own time schedule and hobby. As long as it is beneficial to their health, whichever type of exercise he likes is good.
【解析】
【导语】本文是图表作文。要求考生根据图表中的调查结果写一篇有关China Daily正在开展的国民运动调查报告。
【详解】1.词汇积累
显示：unveil→show
喜欢：like→in favor of
原因：reason→cause
此外：Besides→what’s more
在我看来：in my opinion→in my view
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Most importantly, we can improve our mental state and sleep quality through this kind of exercise.
拓展句：What’s the most important is that we can improve our mental state and sleep quality through this kind of exercise.
【点睛】【高分句型1】A recent survey by China Daily has unveiled that fast walking topped all exercise activities in China now, which takes up 36.93%.（由that引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型1】It’s no wonder that so many people like it now.（由that引导的主语从句）