2022-2023学年上海市浦东新区高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年上海市浦东新区高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版），共22页。
2022-2023学年上海市浦东新区高二上学期期中考试英语试卷
I. Listening comprehension
略
II. Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentences.
1. There’s ________ no difference between the two choices.
A. practically B. frequently C. regularly D. exceptionally
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这两种选择几乎没什么差别。A. practically几乎，实际地；B. frequently频繁地；C. regularly经常，有规律地；D. exceptionally例外地，罕见，特别地。根据空后的“no difference between the two choices”以及句意“几乎没有什么差别”可知practically“几乎”符合句意。故选A。
2. The company ________ production at their Norwich plant last year due to covid-19.
A. rescued B. composed C. endured D. ceased
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年，由于新冠肺炎，该公司在Norwich的工厂停产。A. rescued援救；B. composed组成；C. endured忍受；D. ceased停止。根据句意，疫情影响了工厂的生产 ，所以是工厂停止生产了。故选D项。
3. There are strict rules that regulate lawyers’ professional ________.
A. conduct B. trial C. dignity D. wisdom
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有严格的规则来规范律师的职业行为。A. conduct 行为；B. trial 试验；C. dignity 尊严；D. wisdom 智慧。分析句意可知，此处规则规范的应该是律师的行为，conduct“行为，举止”作宾语，符合语境。故选A项。
4. The pound has ________ to its lowest recorded level against the dollar.
A. gathered B. sunk C. persisted D. lasted
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：英镑对美元汇率已跌至有记录以来的最低水平。A. gathered聚集；B. sunk降低，减少；C. persisted坚持；D. lasted持续。根据后文“its lowest recorded level”可知，空处需用动词sunk，表示英镑对美元汇率已跌至最低水平。故选B。
5. She clung to the edge in a(n) ________ attempt to save herself.
A. exhausted B. desperate C. patriotic D. profound
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她紧紧抓住悬崖边缘，拼命想救自己。A.exhausted耗尽的；B.desperate拼命的；C.patriotic爱过的；D.profound深厚的。根据上文“She clung to the edge”可知她应该是奋力拼搏，故选B。
6. The report ________ the weaknesses of modern medical practice.
A. exposes B. acquires C. purchases D. hires
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这份报告暴露了现代医疗实践的弱点。A. exposes暴露；B. acquires获得；C. purchases购买；D. hires雇佣。由“the weaknesses of modern medical practice”可知，句子表示“这份报告暴露了现代医疗实践的弱点”，空格处意为“暴露”，故选A。
7. I hoped he would stop asking ________ questions.
A. logical B. hazardous C. awkward D. charming
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望他不要再问尴尬的问题了。A. logical有逻辑的；B. hazardous危险的；C. awkward尴尬的； D. charming迷人的。根据句意可知，我希望他停止问问题，由此可知，不希望他问的问题应该是尴尬的问题。故选C项。
8. Both sides met in order to try to ________ their differences.
A. resolve B. shelter C. process D. persuade
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：双方会面是为了解决分歧。A. resolve解决；B. shelter躲避；C. process加工；D. persuade劝说。根据后文“their differences”指解决分歧，应用resolve。故选A。
9. Despite economic recession, most companies have managed to ________.
A. be threatened B. starve C. be embarrassed D. survive
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管经济衰退，大多数公司还是设法生存下来。A.be threatened受到威胁； B.starve挨饿；C.be embarrassed陷入困境； D.survive生存。 根据上文句意“尽管经济衰退”以及despite“尽管”可知，下文的句意要发生转折，使用survive“生存”符合句意，故选择D项。
10. They could see no ________ in discussing it further.
A. urge B. virtue C. mission D. construction
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们看不出进一步讨论它有什么好处。A. urge冲动，强烈的欲望；B. virtue美德，优点；C. mission使命，任务；D. construction建设。根据句意，此处指“讨论它的优点”，故选B。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. timidity B. refused C. set D. episode E. effect F. suffered
G. amazed H. educational I. brief J. unteachable K. performed
An Experiment in Education
The best programme on TV last night was the first episode of a new series about education, and it was ____11____ on a farm. But this farm is not for animals it’s for children. The farm has been converted into a school for one class of difficult students. And it’s the job of one man to try and teach these students something in the two weeks they are there.
The class is a group of 16 boys and girls aged 13 and 14, who have all been expelled(被逐)from schools at least once. Their previous teachers said that they were “____12____” and judging by their behavior in the programme last night, it isn’t hard to see why. The teacher who has to deal with this class is 40-year-old Philip Beadle. Before working in education, Mr. Beadle played in a rock band. He gave up music eight years ago to become teacher. At his first school, he helped students who ____13____ learning difficulties to get the best English marks the school had ever seen. As a result, he was made Schoolteacher of the Year.
In the programme last night, we saw the students have their first lesson with Mr. Beadle. He started by playing a game, where he and the students pointed at each other and said something funny about the other person. This might not sound very ____14____ but it caught everyone’s attention. After that Mr. Beadle took his class outside for an English lesson. At their previous schools, most of these students ____15____ to read in front of their classmates, so Mr. Beadle took them to a filed to read to some cows to overcome ____16____. Each student read a(n) ____17____ quote from a Shakespeare play to them and the students seemed to enjoy it. In the next scene, Mr. Beadle took them to another field to teach them basic punctuation. He did this through another game where he asked the students to jump around clap their hands and shout. “question mark!” and “semicolon!” Everyone seemed to enjoy this strange way of learning. By the end of the ____18____ the students were indeed starting to accept their new teacher. Some of them even said he was “all right”.
I really enjoyed this show because the teacher had such a positive ____19____ on the students. If, like me, you are ____20____ by this experiment in education, you will want to the whole series. Personally, I can’t wait to see what happens next!
【答案】11. C 12. J
13. F 14. H
15. B 16. A
17. I 18. D
19. E 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了一档关于教育实验节目。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：昨晚电视上最好的节目是一个关于教育的新系列的第一集，它以农场为背景。结合句意分析句子结构可知，it指代上文中的programme，此处缺少动词的过去分词构成被动，set“ 以……为背景”符合句意，故选择C项。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们之前的老师说，他们是“不可教的”，从他们昨晚在节目中的行为来看，不难看出原因。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少形容词作表语，根据上文“The class is a group of 16 boys and girls aged 13 and 14, who have all been expelled(被逐)from schools at least once.（这个班由16名13岁和14岁的男孩和女孩组成，他们都被开除了至少一次。）”可知，unteachable“不可教的”符合句意，故选择J项。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：在他的第一所学校，他帮助学习困难的学生取得了学校有史以来最好的英语成绩。分析句子结构可知，从句中缺少谓语动词，suffered“遭受”符合句意，故选择F项。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这听起来可能不是很有教育意义，但它引起了每个人的注意。分析句子结构可知，系动词sound后缺少形容词作表语，结合句意可知this指代的是上文中的game，结合下文句意可知，此处使用educational“有教育意义的”符合句意，故选择H项。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：在以前的学校里，这些学生中的大多数都拒绝在同学面前读书，所以比德尔先生把他们带到一个院子里给一些奶牛读书，以克服胆怯。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少谓语动词。结合上文“suffered learning difficulty（遭受学习困难）”可知，这里使用refused “拒绝”符合句意，故选择B项。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：在以前的学校里，这些学生中的大多数都拒绝在同学面前读书，所以比德尔先生把他们带到一个院子里给一些奶牛读书，以克服胆怯。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少名词做宾语，根据前文的overcome“克服”可知，这里使用timidity“胆怯”符合句意，故选择A项。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：每个学生都读了一段莎士比亚戏剧的简短语录，学生们似乎都很喜欢。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少形容词作定语修饰quote，根据下文的 “from a Shakespeare play（来自莎士比亚戏剧）”可知，此处使用brief“简短的”符合句意，故选择I项。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：到这一集结束时，学生们真正开始接受他们的新老师了。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少名词，结合文中的programme“节目”可知，此处使用episode“一集”符合句意，故选择D项。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：我真的很喜欢这个节目，因为老师对学生产生了积极的影响。短语have a positive effect on“对……有积极的影响”，符合句意，故选择E项。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果你像我一样，对这项教育实验感到惊讶，你会想看整个系列。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少形容词，根据下文“I can’t wait to see what happens next!（我迫不及待地想看看接下来会发生什么！）”可知，短语be amazed by“对……感到惊奇”符合句意，故选择G项。
III. Grammar
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentences.
21. This time tomorrow, we ________ an English lesson.
A. will have B. have been having C. are having D. will be having
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：明天这个时候，我们将上英语课。分析句子结构可知，空处是句子的谓语动词。根据“This time tomorrow”可知，句子为将来进行时。故选D。
22. Franklin ________ to me in my living room when someone called me to ask me to go out.
A. talked B. had been talked C. was talking D. has talked
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：富兰克林正在客厅里和我说话，这时有人打电话叫我出去。本句为be doing sth. when...“正在做某事，正在那时……”,再根据“called”可知，本句为过去进行时。故选C项。
23. Last time I ________ Anna, she ________ a walk with her husband in the park.
A. saw, was taking B. had seen, was taking
C. had seen, took D. saw, took
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：上次我看见安娜，她和她的丈夫正在公园散步。由时间状语last time可知第一空为一般过去时；由语意可知，“我”当时看到的情景是安娜和她的丈夫正在公园散步，第二空应用过去进行时。故选A项。
24. It seems that water from this tap ________ for some time. We'll have to take it apart to put it right.
A. had leaked B. is leaking
C leaked D. has been leaking
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：这个水龙头里的水似乎已经漏了一段时间了。我们得把它拆开才能把它修好。根据句中时间状语for some time可知强调动作发生在过去，不间断进行到现在，并仍在继续，应用现在完成进行时。故选D。
25. After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it ________.
A. was decorated B. had decorated C. had been decorated D. was being decorated
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果被告知正在装修。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查that引导的宾语从句中谓语动词。这句话描述的是过去的事情，表示过去正在发生的动作，句子主语it和动词decorate是被动关系，用过去进行时的被动语态，be动词用was。故选D。
26. By the time the civil war ________ between the two parties, most of the people who lived in the countryside had left for another land.
A. had broken out B. had been broken out C. broke out D. was broken out
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：到两党之间爆发内战时，大多数住在农村的人都已移居他乡。根据句意和句子的时态是过去完成时分析句子可知，两党之间爆发内战肯定是过去的事，所以从句应该用一般过去时，排除A项和B项；而从句的主语the civil war和谓语动词break out之间是主动关系，所以应该用主动语态，排除D项。故选C项。
27. —Can you attend our party tonight?
— I’d love to, but ________ the boss about something urgent.
A. I have seen B. I will have seen C. I will be seeing D. I have been seeing
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：——你能参加我们今晚的聚会吗？——我很乐意，但我要去见老板，谈一些紧急的事情。结合语境，此处指晚上聚会期间要做的事情，即将来某段时间正在发生的动作，应用将来进行时。故选C项。
28. — I ________ the dishes for over a week. It’s your turn.
— I ________ you would say something like that.
A. have washed, have known B. have been washing, knew
C. have washed, know D. have been washing, know
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：——我洗盘子洗了一周了。该轮到你了。——我知道你就会这样说。根据句意以及句中的时间状语“for over a week”可知第一空表示从过去到现在的一段时间内反复进行的动作或存在的状态，用现在完成进行时；第二句为主从复合句，根据宾语从句的谓语动词“would say”以及语境可知第二空作为主句的谓语动词，应该用一般过去时。故选B。
29. The two nurses ________ 100,000 yuan by the police but donated it to victims of the explosion.
A. rewarded B. would reward C. have been rewarded D. had been rewarded
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这两名护士被警方奖励了10万元，但她们将其捐给了爆炸受害者。根据“but donated it to victims of the explosion”可知“她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者”是发生在过去的事情，而“两位护士被警方奖赏10万元”是发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时，且“两位护士”和“奖赏”是被动关系，故用被动语态，故选D。
30. Last year, some measures ________ to protect wildlife resources.
A. are taken B. being taken C. had been taken D. were taken
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：去年，采取了一些措施来保护野生动物资源。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，先排除B项，B项是非谓语形式；根据句子的时间状语last year可知，句子应该用一般过去时，排除A项和C项；句子的主语some measures和谓语动词take之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态。故选D项。
31. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ________I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. what C. which D. that
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：前几天，我哥哥开车在街上行驶，我认为这是一个危险的速度。分析句子结构可知，空处引导介词at的宾语从句，I thought为插入语，所以从句中缺少主语。故选B。
32. Could I speak to ________ is in charge of International Sales please?
A. whom B. who C. what D. that
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我可以和负责国际销售的人通话吗？分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词to后面宾语从句。从句中缺少主语，指人，用连接词who引导。whom指人，作宾语；what“什么”的意思；that不做成分。故选B。
33. I was surprised by her words， which made me recognize___silly mistakes I had made.
A. what B. that C. how D. which
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：我被她的话惊到，这使得我意识到我犯了多么愚蠢的错误。根据句意可知，recognize后面的宾语从句是一个感叹句；分析宾语从句可知，设空后是名词短语silly mistakes，所以感叹词要选what。故选A项。
【点睛】
34. Our English teacher told us to find out ________ the difference between American English and British English lie.
A. where B. whether C. what D. that
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我们的英语老师让我们找出英国英语和美国英语的区别所在。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少地点状语，需用连接副词where引导。故选A。
35. —Can we get everything ready by the weekend?
—It all depends on ________ we can get Mr. Green’s cooperation.
A. that B. what C. whether D. /
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：——我们可以在周末之前准备好一切吗？—— 这完全取决于我们能否得到格林先生的合作。分析句子结构可知，此空处位于动词短语之后，需要连词引导宾语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，结合句意可知，此处选择whether表示“是否”，符合句意。故选C项。
IV. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a non-disabled woman. In another ____36____, subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his ____37____; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to ____38____ aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In____39____ these and other research findings, two themes are ____40____: we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think____41____assistance.
In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. ____42____ in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be____43____ , but had apparently been “lost”. The photo stuck to the application was sometimes that of a very ____44____ person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to ______45______the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.
The degree of______46______between the potential helper and the person in need is also important.
For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) ______47______T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.
Whether a person receives help depends in part on the “worth” of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone ______48______ to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for ______49______ than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be ______50______ rather than drunk.
36. A. study B. way C. word D. college
37. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back
38. A. refuse B. beg C. lose D. receive
39. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing
40. A. important B. possible C. amusing D. missing
41. A. seek B. deserve C. require D. accept
42. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example
43. A. printed B. mailed C. rewritten D. signed
44. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working
45. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down
46. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact
47. A. expensive B. plain C. cheap D. strange
48. A. time B. instructions C. money D. chances
49. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health
50. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sick
【答案】36. A 37. C 38. D 39. C 40. A 41. B 42. D 43. B 44. B 45. A 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了在不同情况下人们会愿意提供帮助。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在另一个研究中，纽约的地铁乘客看到一个拄拐杖的人，踉踉跄跄，摔倒在地。A. study研究；B. way方法，道路；C. word话；D. college大学。结合下文“In ____4___ these and other research finding”可判断，此处表示在另外一项研究中，故选A项。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时候，受害者会在他的脸上看到一大块红色的胎记。A. hand手；B. arm胳膊；C. face脸；D. back后背。结合下文“if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark.”可知，此处指的是脸上，故选C项。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种情况下，如果受害者的脸是干净的，比他有一个不好看的胎记的人更有可能得到帮助。A. refuse拒绝；B. beg祈求；C. lose失去；D. receive收到。结合下文“we are more willing to help people we like for some reason“可知，面孔干净的人比脸上长的没有吸引力的胎记的更可能得到帮助，故选D项。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在理解这些以及其他研究结果时，两个主题很重要。A. challenging挑战；B. recording记录；C. understanding理解；D. publishing发表。上文提到残疾人和非残疾人，面孔干净和脸上有胎记的人在接受援助时有不同的结果，由此可知此处表示在“理解”这些和其他研究结果时，两个方面都很“重要”。故选C项。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在理解这些以及其他研究结果时，两个主题很重要。A. important重要；B. possible可能的；C. amusing有趣的；D. missing丢失的。上文提到残疾人和非残疾人，面孔干净和脸上有胎记的人在接受援助时有不同的结果，由此可知此处表示在“理解”这些和其他研究结果时，两个方面都很“重要”。第三段中的第一句话“is also important”也是一个提示线索，故选A项。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为某些原因，我们更愿意帮助我们喜欢的人和我们认为值得帮助的人。A. seek寻找；B. deserve值得；C. require要求；D. accept接受。结合语境可知，此处是指人们更愿意帮助自己认为值得帮助的人。故选B项。
【42题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，在一项实地研究中，研究人员将一份完成的研究生院申请放在机场的电话亭里。A. At first起初；B. Above all最重要的是；C. In addition此外；D. For example例如。本段的第一句是中心句，下文则是举例进行说明。此外，后两段的写作结构安排与此处相同，根据后两段中的每段第二句的开头部分也可以推断出，故选D项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：申请书已准备好寄出，但显然丢失了。A. printed打印；B. mailed邮寄；C. rewritten重写；D. signed签字。根据下文“The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not.”可知，这份申请需要被邮寄出去。故选B项。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：贴在求职信上的照片有时是非常好看的人的照片，有时是不那么好看的人的照片。A. talented有天赋的；B. good-looking好看的；C. helpful乐于助人的；D. hard-working努力工作的。根据本句后半部分中的“less attractive”以及本段第一句中的“physically attractive”可知，此处表示的是长得好，故选B项。
【45题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：结果显示，如果照片中的人长得好看，人们更有可能递送申请。A. send in递送；B. throw away扔掉；C. fill out填写；D. turn down音量调小，拒绝。根据上句中“The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not.”可知，如果长的好看，就会被邮寄申请。故选A项。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：潜在的帮助者和需要帮助的人之间的相似程度也很重要。A. similarity相似性；B. friendship友谊；C. cooperation合作；D. contact联系。根据下文的“For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner.”可知，人们更愿意帮助来自同一个国家的人，整个例子体现了相似性的重要。故选A项。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一项研究中，在苏格兰一条繁忙的街道上，购物者更倾向于帮助一个穿着普通t恤的人，而不是一个穿着印有攻击性文字t恤的人。A. expensive贵的；B. plain显而易见的，朴素的；C. cheap便宜的；D. strange奇怪的。根据后文“offensive words.”可知，人们不太会去帮助身上穿着冒犯性言语的人，相反愿意去帮助衣着普通的人，故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，超市的购物者更有可能给别人钱买牛奶，而不是买饼干，这可能是因为人们认为牛奶比饼干对健康更重要。A. time时间；B. instructions说明书；C. money金钱；D. chances机会。根据第一段话第一句“People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a non-disabled woman.”可知，在超市买牛奶是需要钱的，人们会愿意给钱去让他们去买东西。故选C项。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，超市的购物者更有可能给别人钱买牛奶，而不是买饼干，这可能是因为人们认为牛奶比饼干对健康更重要。A. shoppers购物者；B. research研究；C. children孩子；D. health健康。根据最后一段的第一句“Whether a person receives help depends in part on the “worth” of the case.”可知，他们这样做是看到了牛奶的价值，认为牛奶对健康更重要。故选D项。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在纽约地铁上，当一个人倒在地上时，如果他看起来生病了，而不是喝醉了，乘客更有可能去帮助他。A. talkative健谈的；B. handsome帅气的；C. calm冷静的；D. sick生病的。结合语境可知，人们更愿意帮助生病的人而不是醉鬼。故选D项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
When you are little, it’s not hard to believe you can change the world. I remember my enthusiasm when, at the age of 12, I addressed the people at the Rio Earth Summit. “I am only a child” I told them. “Yet I know that if all the money spent on war was spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this world would be. At school you teach us not to fight with others, to work things out, to respect others, to clean up our mess, not to hurt other creatures, to share, not to be greedy. Then, why do you go out and do the thing you tell us not to do? You grown-ups say you love us, but I challenge you, please, to make our actions reflect your words.”
I spoke for six minutes and received a standing ovation. Some of the delegates even cried. I thought that maybe had reached some of them, that my speech might actually spur(激励)action. Now, ten years from Rio, after I’ve sat through many more conferences, I’m not sure what has been accomplished. My confidence in the people in power and in the power of an individual’s voice to reach them has been deeply shaken.
When I was little, the world was simple. But as a young adult, I’m learning that as we have to make choices - education, career, lifestyle - life gets more and more complicated. We are beginning to feel pressure to produce and be successful. We are taught that economic growth is progress, but we aren’t taught how to pursue a happy, healthy on sustainable way of living. And we are leaning that what we wanted for the future when we were 12 was idealistic and innocent.
Today I’m no longer a child, but I’m worried about what kind of environment my children will grow up in. I know change is possible, because I am changing, still figuring out what think. I am still deciding how to live my life. The challenges are great, but if we accept individual responsibility and make sustainable choices, we will rise to the challenges, and we will become part of the positive tide of change.
51. The purpose of what the speaker said at the age of 12 was to ________.
A. end poverty and make school beautiful
B. end poverty and solve the problems about environment
C. find a wonderful place and clean it up
D. find environmental answers and keep the words that they always told themselves
52. What does the underlined word “ovation” in the second paragraph refer to ________.
A. a long period of laughing B. a warm welcome
C. a long period of clapping and applauses D. an expression used for greeting
53. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. the writer thinks what he thought at the age of 12 is mature.
B. the writer’s children will certainly live in an ideal environment.
C. the writer’s confidence in the people in power has deeply shaken their voice.
D. the writer’s belief does not change when he grows up.
【答案】51. B 52. C 53. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者12岁时在里约地球峰会上发言，希望大人们能做到在学校教育孩子时的要求，解决贫困问题，找出治理环境的方法，建立一个和平、美丽的世界，他的发言受到各国代表热烈赞扬。十年后作者初衷未改変，从我做起一起改变这个世界。
【51题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“I remember my enthusiasm when，at the age of 12,I addressed the people at the Rio Earth Summit. ‘I am only a child,’ I told them. ‘Yet I know that if all the money spent on war was spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this world would be.’ (我还记得我12岁时在里约热内卢地球峰会上向人们讲话时的那种热情。‘我只是个孩子。’我告诉他们。‘但我知道，如果花在战争上的钱都花在消除贫困和寻找环境问题的答案上，这个世界将会变得多么美好。’)”可推断，演讲者在12岁时所演讲的目的是结束贫困和解决环境问题。故选B。
【52题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前半句“I spoke for six minutes (我讲了六分钟)”和后句“Some of the delegates even cried. (一些代表甚至哭了)”可知，作者的演讲受到了与会人员的赞同。由此猜测，他们听完后全场起立鼓掌。所以ovation为“鼓掌”之意。故选C。
53题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“I know change is possible, because I am changing, still figuring out what I think. I am still deciding how to live my life. (我知道改变是可能，因为我正在改变，仍在思考我的想法。我还在决定如何生活)”可知，纵使会有再多改变作者仍坚守自己的信念。故选D。
(B)
Personal Robot
Make your parents and teachers happy!
Are you having problems finish your homework on time? Do you avoid tidying your room until your mom shouts at you? You don’t need to worry if you buy a Mr. Helping Hand personal robot. Mr. H can be programmed to organize your homework. Your own personal robot will follow you around, putting away books and objects that you have left on the floor or bed.
Mr. H also has these features:
weights only 500 grams
includes long-lasting batteries
comes with a 5-year guarantee
remembers simple instructions
Originally sold for $499
NOW ONLY $299
BUY NOW
WATCH CONTROL
This is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear!
This is NOT a watch for ordinary people!
Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROL
? acts as a remote control for TVs and videos
? gives you a daily weather forecast
? reminds you when to hand in your homework
? sets off a silent warning alarm when parents or teachers are near
Besides, your PENGO WATCH CONTROL will always tell you the time accurately!
Originally sold for $199
NOW ONLY $99
For further information, click here.

54. With help from a Mr. H, you can ________.
A. stop using batteries B. finish your homework on time
C. remember your teacher’s instructions D. get your room tidied on your way home
55. A PENGO WATCH CONTROL can help you to ________.
A. repair your TV B. organize your homework
C. be a James Bond D. know what the weather is like
56. Where would you be most likely to find the two texts?
A. On a notice board. B. In a company introduction book.
C. On a teenage website D. In a college newspaper.
【答案】54. B 55. D 56. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了两款针对青少年的产品。
【54题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一个表格中的“Mr. H can be programmed to organize your homework. (Mr. H可以被编程来组织你的家庭作业)”可知，有了Mr. H你就可以按时完成作业了，因为它可以帮你组织家庭作业。故选B。
【55题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二个表格中Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROL部分的“gives you a daily weather forecast(提供每日天气预报)”可知，A PENGO WATCH CONTROL可以帮助你知道天气情况。故选D。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一个表格中的“Make your parents and teachers happy!(让你的父母和老师高兴!)”和第二个表格中的“For further information, click here.(欲了解更多信息，请点击这里)”以及对两款产品的介绍推知，这两则短文很有可能在一个青少年网站上看到。故选C。
(C)
The human thirst for knowledge is the driving force behind our successful species. But curiosity can also be dangerous, leading to setbacks or even downfalls. Given curiosity’s complexity, scientists have found it hard to define.
While pinning down a definition has proven tricky, the general consensus is it’s some means of information gathering. Psychologists also agree curiosity is intrinsically(内在地)motivated.
Curiosity covers such a large set of behaviors that there probably isn’t any single “curiosity gene” that makes humans wonder about and explore their environment. That said, curiosity does have a genetic component. Genes and environment interact in many complex ways to shape individuals and guide their behavior, including their curiosity.
Regardless of their genetic makeup, infants have to learn an incredible amount of information in a short time, and curiosity is one of the tools humans have found to accomplish that gigantic task.
Hundreds of studies show that infants prefer novelty. It’s what motivates non-human animals, human infants and probably human adults to explore and seek out new things before growing less interested in them after continued exposure.
But curiosity often comes with a cost.
In some situations, the stakes are low and failure is a healthy part of growth. For instance, many babies are perfectly proficient crawlers, but they decide to try walking because there’s more to see and do when they stand upright. But this milestone comes at a small cost. A study of 12- to 19-month-olds learning how to walk documented that these children fell down a lot. Seventeen times per hour, to be exact. But walking is faster than crawling, so this motivates expert crawlers to transition to walking.
Sometimes, however, testing out a new idea can lead to disaster. For instance, the Inuit people of the Arctic regions have created incredible modes to deal with the challenges of living in northern climates, but what we forget about are the tens of thousands of people that tried and failed to make it in those challenging landscapes.
57. What does the author say about curiosity?
A. It is too complex for non-scientists to understand.
B. It is the force that pushes human society forward.
C. It is a unique trait specific to the human race.
D. It is often the major cause for human failures.
58. What do we learn about how genes shape people’s behavior?
A. They determine people’s way of thinking.
B. They account for age differences in learning.
C. They enable people to undertake massive tasks.
D. They work in conjunction with the environment.
59. What do numerous studies show about infants?
A. They are far more curious than adults.
B. They prefer to go after all that is novel.
C. They have different interests than adults.
D. They show non-human animal behaviors.
60. What does the example of the Inuit people of the Arctic regions illustrate?
A. The cost of human’s curiosity to explore.
B. The incredible harshness of cold weather.
C. The innovative ideas stemming from curiosity.
D. The importance of learning from past failures.
【答案】57. B 58. D 59. B 60. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述好奇心推动了人类社会的进步，但探索好奇心的同时也可能付出很大代价。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The human thirst for knowledge is the driving force behind our successful species. But curiosity can also be dangerous, leading to setbacks or even downfalls. Given curiosity’s complexity, scientists have found it hard to define.(人类对知识的渴求是我们这个成功物种背后的驱动力。但好奇心也可能是危险的，它会导致挫折甚至跌倒。鉴于好奇心的复杂性，科学家们发现很难定义它。) ”由此可知好奇心是人类成功背后的驱动力，也就是作者认为好奇心推动了人类社会的进步，故选B
【58题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Genes and environment interact in many complex ways to shape individuals and guide their behavior, including their curiosity.( 基因和环境以许多复杂的方式相互作用，塑造个体并指导他们的行为，包括他们的好奇心。) ”可知基因和环境是相互作用的，故选D。
【59题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Hundreds of studies show that infants prefer novelty. It’s what motivates non-human animals, human infants and probably human adults to explore and seek out new things before growing less interested in them after continued exposure. (数百项研究表明，婴儿喜欢新奇的事物。它激励着非人类动物、人类婴儿，甚至可能是人类成年人去探索和寻求新事物，直到在持续接触后对它们失去兴趣。)”由此可知婴儿的好奇心很强，更喜欢新奇的事物。故选B。
【60题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sometimes, however, testing out a new idea can lead to disaster. For instance, the Inuit people of the Arctic regions have created incredible modes to deal with the challenges of living in northern climates, but what we forget about are the tens of thousands of people that tried and failed to make it in those challenging landscapes.( 然而，有时测试一个新想法可能会导致灾难。例如，北极地区的因纽特人创造了令人难以置信的模式来应对北部气候的生活挑战，但我们忘记了成千上万的人试图在那些充满挑战的环境中生存，但却失败了。)”可知本段说明好奇心可能会导致灾难，然后举例说明这一点，所以北极地区因纽特人的例子说明了人类探索的好奇心也会付出很大的代价，故选A。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
61. 历经饥寒交迫活下来之后，这位探险家爱上了志愿工作。他常敦促家人给无家可归的人提供餐食。(survive, a strong taste, serve, urge) （汉译英）
【答案】After surviving from hunger and cold, the explorer had a strong taste with volunteer work. He often urged his family to serve meals to the homeless.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和短语。句子陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时；“历经饥寒交迫活下来之后”可处理为时间状语，表达“在……之后”用after，表达“从……中幸存”用survive from，此处用其动名词形式作宾语；表达“爱上”用have a strong taste with，作谓语；表达“敦促某人做某事”用urge sb. to do sth.，作谓语，表达“给……提供食物”用serve meals to，此处用其不定式形式作宾补。结合其他汉语提示。故翻译为After surviving from hunger and cold, the explorer had a strong taste with volunteer work. He often urged his family to serve meals to the homeless.
VI. Guided Writing
62. Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是光明中学的李华，你们小区居委会正在招募暑期志愿者。目前招募志愿工作有两类：一类是社区中心看管小学生，一类是上门陪伴独居老人。请写一封信给居委会，内容包括：
1. 你选择报名的志愿服务项目
2. 你选择的理由
3. 你计划如何开展志愿服务活动
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m excited to hear that the community service center is looking for volunteers to take care of unaccompanied primary school students or seniors who live alone during holidays. I would like to sign up to be a volunteer to help working parents keep their children company. The following are the reasons of my choice.
Firstly, there is an urgent need for such volunteers. Many families in our community have difficulty in finding someone to stay with their children during workdays because both the parents are working. Those whose grandparents live far away or whose parents cannot afford to hire someone have to stay at home alone, which can cause loneliness and even potential danger.
Secondly, I am a perfect candidate to stay with such children. As a senior high school student，I am available during the summer holidays. Growing up with my cousins, I love hanging out with children and I’m sure my wide range of hobbies will give me a lot to talk about with the kids so that they will love spending time with me.
I can tailor a schedule for the kids, making sure there is enough time for their study rest, and hobbies. During study time, we will do our individual homework together and I can tutor them if necessary. During the break, we can do some entertainment activities based on the kids’ interests, such as playing basketball or drawing.
Hopefully, I can be of help to the families that need me, and it’s a great way for me to spend a meaningful holiday and make a difference.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封信给居委会，申请去社区中心看管小学生或上门陪伴独居老人，内容包括：1.你选择报名的志愿服务项目；2.你选择的理由；3.你计划如何开展志愿服务活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
兴奋的：excited→thrilled
选择：choice→option
照顾：take care of→look after
做某事有困难：have difficulty in doing→have trouble in doing
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：During the break, we can do some entertainment activities based on the kids’ interests, such as playing basketball or drawing.
拓展句：During the break, we can do some entertainment activities which are based on the kids’ interests, such as playing basketball or drawing.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m excited to hear that the community service center is looking for volunteers to take care of unaccompanied primary school students or seniors who live alone during holidays. (运用了who引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Those whose grandparents live far away or whose parents cannot afford to hire someone have to stay at home alone, which can cause loneliness and even potential danger. (运用了whose引导的限制性定语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)