2022-2023学年上海市七宝中学高二上学期期末英语试卷（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年上海市七宝中学高二上学期期末英语试卷（解析版），共33页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

上海市七宝中学2022学年高二第一学期期末考试
英语试卷
I. Listening Comprehension (25’)
Section A (10’)
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about it. The conversations and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. She felt very relaxed. B. She always travels by air.
C. She arrived early in the afternoon. D. She thought the flight was too long.
2. A. When do you usually go to bed?
B. How often do you eat take-aways?
C. What would you like to have, beef or chicken?
D. Are you travelling by car or using public transport?
3. A. Three B. Four C. Five D. Six
4. A. Because he loves coke. B. Because he is on a diet.
C. Because he has to drive. D. Because he doesn’t like wine.
5. A. You should wear training shoes at all time.
B. You are not allowed to use all the equipment.
C. You have to learn to use all the equipment first.
D. You should go there between 7:00 am and 11:30 pm.
6. A. It is not easy to find her new flat.
B. She wants to make friends with him.
C. If the man gets lost he can call her for help.
D. The man has a very poor sense of direction.
7. A. She thinks her sister is very good.
B. She thinks her sister spends too much money.
C. She is proud since her sister studies in a very famous college.
D. She is jealous because their father gives her sister more money.
8. A. 500. B. 98,542. C 497.30. D. 98,000.
9. A. Wait outside the car. B. Don’t get too close to the car.
C. Park the car on the hard shoulder. D. Get out of there before it gets dark.
10. A. He needs to open a new account.
B. The field trip is put off until next year.
C. He is waiting for some equipment to arrive.
D. Someone in his group has got into some trouble.
Section B (15’)
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
12. A. Humor can liven up the classroom atmosphere.
B. Humor can help put people at ease and create harmony.
C. Humor is highly valued only in English-speaking countries.
D. Jokes are so common that doctors and teachers love to tell them.
13. A. After the hour-long session, the woman didn’t make any progress.
B. The psychiatrist agreed to move his couch to the other side of the room against the wall.
C. Because the woman was so bossy, the roles of psychiatrist and patient were reversed.
D. The woman planned to convince the psychiatrist in an hour, but it took only fifty minutes.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. To tell everything you remember about a book, movie, or lecture to your listener.
B. To share your newfound knowledge with your friends, classmates or roommates.
C. To select the major points or highlights of a book, movie, or lecture and tell these to your listeners.
D. To keep in mind any clues your teacher has given you in class to indicate what he or she considers important.
15. A. Focus on one part and describe it in detail.
B. Don’t give away the ending in my summary.
C. Make my summary extremely complete as well as accurate.
D. Organize my thoughts carefully and make my summary as brief as possible.
16. A. Outline and paraphrase what I’ve seen.
B. Describe just one scene in detail and even skip the ending.
C. Remember everything of the movie and tell them to my friend.
D. Watch carefully for the main points and highlights and take notes.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. The new office is too small.
B. He hates to unwrap all the boxes.
C. He needs a printer right now to print out some chart.
D He doesn’t know how to connect the printer to the network.
18. A. Still wrapped in plastic.
B. On Tiffany’s desk.
C. To the left of Greg’s desk.
D. On the shelf at the ending of the corridor.
19. A. Under the printer. B. On the shelf, under the clock.
C. In the box which says “Printing”. D. In the bottom drawer of Ray’s desk.
20. A The printer is out of paper.
B Some office equipment is still wrapped in plastic
C Some office equipment isn’t connected to the network yet.
D There’s only power cables and ink cartridges in the “Printing” box.
II. Grammar (15’)
(A)
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
As a liberal arts teacher, it is my more often average to find myself obligated(不得不) to speak to my students about books that I haven’t read, ____1____ in the strict sense (having never opened them) or the attenuated(宽松的) sense (having only skimmed them or almost forgotten them). I am not sure whether I have dealt with this sort of situations better than my colleagues. But I have often attempted ____2____ (reassure) myself with the thought that those who are listening to me are no doubt on similar ground and are probably ____3____ (confident) about it than I am. Of course, there is always a risk that my class will be disrupted and I will find myself humiliated, if even one of my students has read the text I’m discussing.
As a result of such all-too-familiar situations, I believe I am well positioned, if not to offer any real lesson on ____4____ to talk with others about unread books, at least to convey a deeper understanding of the non-reader’s experience.
Admit it or not, we still live in a society, on the decline though it may be, ____5____ reading remains the object of a kind of worship. This worship ____6____ (apply) particularly to a number of books —the list may vary based on the circles one moves in —which it is practically forbidden not to have read if one wants to be taken seriously.
To speak without shame about books we haven’t read, we would thus need to free ourselves of the oppressive image of cultural literacy ____7____ (impose) by school and society, for we can strive toward this image for a lifetime ____8____ ever managing to coincide with it. Truth destined for others is less important than truthfulness to ourselves, something attainable only by those who free themselves from the obligation to seem cultivated, which tyrannizes(欺压) us from within and prevents us from being ourselves.
【答案】1. whether
2. to reassure
3. more confident
4. what 5. where
6. applies 7. imposed
8. without
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了作者作为一名文学教师有义务向学生讲述没有读过的书，并陈述了自己的理由。
【1题详解】
考查连词。句意：作为一名文学教师，我通常会发现自己有义务向学生讲述我没有读过的书，无论是从严格意义上讲（从未打开过）还是从弱化意义上说（只浏览过或几乎忘记了）。根据后文“in the strict sense (having never opened them) or the attenuated(宽松的) sense”可知作者要做这件事从两个相反的角度来考虑都应该向学生讲述这些书，此处表示，需用。故填whether。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但我经常试图让自己相信，那些听我演讲的人毫无疑问有着相似的基础，并且可能比我更有信心。分析句子结构可知，此处构成固定短语attempt to do试图做某事，需用不定式。故填to reassure。
【3题详解】
考查比较级。句意同上题。根据后文“than I am”可知此处应使用比较级。故填more confident。
【4题详解】
考查特殊疑问词。句意：由于如此熟悉的情况，我相信我已经做好了充分的准备，即使不能提供任何关于如何与他人谈论未读书籍的真正课程，至少也能传达对非读者体验的更深入理解。分析句子结构可知，此处表示“如何与他人谈论未读书籍”，需用疑问词+不定式做介词on的宾语，此处应使用疑问词what做动词talk的宾语。故填what。
【5题详解】
考查定语从句引导词。句意：不管你承认与否，我们仍然生活在一个社会中，尽管它可能正在衰落，但在这个社会中阅读仍然是一种崇拜的对象。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少非限制性定语从句引导词，先行词是society，定语从句缺少地点状语，应使用关系副词where，故填where。
6题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：这种崇拜尤其适用于许多书籍—列表可能会根据你所进入的圈子而有所不同—如果你想被认真对待，实际上是禁止不读的。分析句子结构可知，此处表示“适用于”，本篇文章讨论的是目前的一种状态，需用一般现在时，主语是This worship, 故填applies。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：要毫不羞耻地谈论我们没有读过的书，我们需要摆脱学校和社会强加的文化素养的压迫形象。分析句子结构可知，此处动词impose用作定语修饰名词cultural literacy,二者之间是逻辑上的被动关系，需用过去分词。故填imposed。
【8题详解】
考查介词。句意：因为我们可以为这一形象奋斗一生，而不必设法与之相吻合。分析句子结构可知，此处表示我们为这一形象奋斗而不是可以迎合设法与之相吻合，需用介词without，故填without。
(B)
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Cinema
It’s so magical - I don’t know why - to go into a theater and have the lights go down. It’s very quiet, and then the curtains start to open. Maybe they’re red. And you go into a world.
It’s beautiful when it’s ____9____ shared experience. It’s still beautiful when you’re at home and your theater is in front of you, though it’s not quite ____10____ good. It’s way much better on a big screen. That’ the way to go into a world.
Cinema is a language. It can say things - big, abstract things. And I love that about it.
I’m not always good with words. Some people are poets and have a beautiful way of saying things with words. But cinema is its own language. And with it you can say so many things, mainly ____11____ you’ve got time and sequences. You’ve got dialogue. You’ve got music. You’ve got sound effects. You have so many tools. And so you can express a feeling and a thought that can’t be conveyed any other way. It’s a magical medium.
For me, it’s so beautiful to think about these pictures and sounds ____12____ (flow) together in time and in sequence, making something that can be done only through cinema. It’s not just words or music - it’s a whole range of elements coming together and making something that ____13____ (not exist) before. It’s telling stories. It’s devising a world, an experience, that people cannot have ____14____ they see that film.
When I catch an idea for a film, I fall in love with the way ____15____ cinema can express it. I like a story that holds abstractions, and that’s what cinema can do.
【答案】9. a 10. that
11. because
12. flowing
13. didn’t exist
14. unless 15. that
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了电影给作者带来的奇妙感受。
【9题详解】
考查冠词。句意：它是美丽的，因为这是一种共同的经历时。修饰可数名词单数，泛指，用不定冠词；且形容词shared发音为辅音音素开头。故填a。
【10题详解】
考查副词。句意：当你在家的时候，你的剧院就在你面前，它仍然很美，尽管它没有那么好。修饰形容词good用副词，根据句意可知，这里是把在家看电影和在电影院看电影进行比较，所以指的是“那么好”。故填that。
【11题详解】
考查连词。句意：有了它，你可以说很多东西，主要是因为你了解了时间和顺序。这里为状语从句的连接词，根据上文“with it you can say so many things”可知，下文是解释了你之所以有话可说的原因。故填because。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：对我来说，想到这些画面和声音在时间和顺序上流动在一起，制作一些只能通过电影完成的东西，这是如此美好。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语these pictures and sounds与flow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填flowing。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：它不仅仅是文字或音乐——它是一系列的元素结合在一起，创造出以前不存在的东西。这里为从句的谓语动词，根据从句的时间状语“before”可知，时态为一般过去时。故填didn’t exist。
【14题详解】
考查连词。句意：它在设计一个世界，一种体验，人们只有看了电影才能拥有。这里为状语从句的连接词，根据空前“people cannot have”以及空后“they see that film”可知，这种体验是人们看了电影才会拥有的，也就是“除非……”。故填unless。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：当我捕捉到一个电影创意时，我就会爱上电影表达它的方式。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为the way，在从句中担当方式状语，用that。故填that。
III. Vocabulary (20’)
(A)
Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need in each passage.
A. occasional B. one-dimensional C. path D. intentionally E. portrayed F. counter
G. downsides H. representation I. lacked J. similarly K. sophisticated
Mad Science
Until relatively recently, popular media neglected fact-checking and mostly offered negative, mad scientist-oriented stereotypes. A survey of more than a thousand horror films from 1931 to 1984 found that a third ____16____ “scientists or their creations as villains or monsters,” while merely 11 percent painted them as heroes. Later, a 2003 study____17____ concluded that even “good” movie scientists (across genres) commonly succumbed to evil and corruption.
Onscreen researchers also typically ____18____ complex storylines, or even details of their personal lives, the 2003 article found. That’s a problem because most people don’t know scientists themselves and form opinions based on the media they consume, leading to a dehumanizing effect.
Factual errors and ____19____ portrayals have real-world consequences. As of 1981, people who frequently watched TV were more likely than ____20____ viewers to mistrust science, view it as dangerous and reject the entire career ____21____.
That’s the primary reason why researchers work on Hollywood projects: to ____22____ these misconceptions.
Satisfyingly, ____23____ has improved in recent decades, likely because it’s far more common to recruit science consultants. Now, audience expect more ____24____ explanations behind far-out plots. These days, it’s now impossible for films to get away with these silly stereotypes, unless it’s a horror film or comedy. Hollywood now tends to heroize scientists, but glorifying the profession also has its ____25____ : It may obscure the fact that researchers are human and can make human mistakes too.
【答案】16. E 17. J 18. I 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. F 23. H 24. K 25. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了好莱坞电影在情节设置上出现的一些不足。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：一项对1931年至1984年间上千部恐怖电影的调查发现，三分之一的人把“科学家或他们的创造物描绘成恶棍或怪物”，而只有11% 的人把他们描绘成英雄。分析句子可知，空处在句中为谓语，同时结合下文“merely 11 percent painted them as heroes”可知，此处的时态为过去时，意思上与动词“painted”（描绘）意义一致，选项E.“portrayed”（描绘）为动词，符合题意，故选E。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意：后来，2003年的一项研究得出了类似的结论，即使是“好”的电影科学家(不同类型)通常也会屈服于邪恶和腐败。分析句子可知，空处在句中为状语，修饰动词concluded，所以用副词。选项J.“similarly”（相似地，类似地），符合题意，故选J。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：这篇2003年的文章发现，银幕上的研究人员通常也缺乏复杂的故事情节，甚至缺乏个人生活的细节。空处在句中为谓语，由下文“the 2003 article found”可知，这里的时态为过去，根据下文“That’s a problem because most people don’t know scientists themselves and form opinions based on the media they consume, leading to a dehumanizing effect.”（这是一个问题，因为大多数人自己并不了解科学家，并且根据他们所使用的媒体形成观点，从而导致非人性化的影响。）可知，由于银幕上对科学家们的故事甚至个人生活的细节缺乏，所以导致人们对科学家们的非人性化的认知，所以空处的含义为“缺乏”，选项I. “lacked”（缺乏）符合题意，故选I。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：事实上的错误和肤浅的描述有现实世界的后果。根据上文“That’s a problem because most people don’t know scientists themselves and form opinions based on the media they consume, leading to a dehumanizing effect.”（这是一个问题，因为大多数人自己并不了解科学家，并且根据他们所使用的媒体形成观点，从而导致非人性化的影响。）可知，人们对科学家们的非人性认识是根据他们所使用的媒体所形成得观点，所以这个认知是不全面的，是肤浅的，所以空处这里承接上文，讲述这种肤浅的认知会有现实中的后果。选项B.“ one-dimensional”（浅薄的，肤浅的）为形容词，符合题意，故选B。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：截至1981年，经常看电视的人比偶尔看电视的人更有可能不信任科学，认为它是危险的，并拒绝整个职业道路。结合空前“people who frequently watched TV were more likely than ”及空后“viewers”可知，空处是与经常看电视的人作比较，所以用形容词occasional“偶然的”，符合题意，故选A。
【21题详解】
考查名词。句意：截至1981年，经常看电视的人比偶尔看电视的人更有可能不信任科学，认为它是危险的，并拒绝整个职业道路。结合前文内容可知，经常看电视的人比偶尔看电视的人更有可能不信任科学，认为科学是危险的，因而导致这些常看电视的人会对自己的整个职业生涯拒绝。path“道路，生涯”为名词，符合题意，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词。句意：这就是为什么研究人员致力于好莱坞项目的主要原因: 反对这些误解。空前to为不定式，所以空处填动词。结合上文“As of 1981, people who frequently watched TV were more likely than 　　5　　 viewers to mistrust science, view it as dangerous and reject the entire career 　　6　　.”可知，好莱坞的项目对人们形成了错误的导向：不信任科学，认为科学是危险的，因而对于研究人员而言，他们就要反对这种误解，counter“反驳”为动词，符合题意，故选F。
【23题详解】
考查名词。句意：令人满意的是，这种描述在近几十年来有所改善，可能是因为招聘科学顾问的现象更为普遍。y由前文可知，好莱坞的项目对人们形成了误导，同时结合下文“likely because it’s far more common to recruit science consultants”可知，这里指因为（好莱坞项目中）招聘科学顾问的现象更为普遍，所以这种错误的描述在改善。representation“展现；描绘；描述”为名词，在句中作主语，符合题意，故选H。
【24题详解】
考查形容词。句意：现在，观众期待着在奇特的情节背后有更巧妙的解释。结合下文“These days, it’s now impossible for films to get away with these silly stereotypes, unless it’s a horror film or comedy. ”（如今，除非是恐怖片或喜剧片，否则电影不可能摆脱这些愚蠢的刻板印象。）可知，除了恐怖片或喜剧片外，其它的电影的情节依然是刻板的，作为观众而言，他们渴望电影对奇特的情节能有合理的，巧妙的解释。sophisticated“复杂巧妙的”为形容词，符合题意，故选K。
【25题详解】
考查名词。句意：好莱坞现在倾向于英雄化科学家，但是赞美这个职业也有它的缺点: 它可能掩盖了一个事实，即研究人员是人，也可能犯人类的错误。空处在句中作宾语，所以用名词。结合下文“It may obscure the fact that researchers are human and can make human mistakes too.”（它可能掩盖了一个事实，即研究人员是人，也可能犯人类的错误。）可知，好莱坞对科学家英雄化的同时，忽视了科学家作为人类的基本事实：会犯错误，这也是其对这个职业职业赞美的同时兼有的不足。即缺陷，downsides“缺点，不利方面”为名词，符合题意，故选G。
(B)
Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need in each passage.
A. guarantee B. boost C. barely D. distractions E. literally F. spare
G. towering H. critical I. excessive J. packing K. available
It Doesn’t Have to be Crazy at Work
How often have you heard someone say “It’s crazy at work”? Maybe you’ve even said it yourself. For many, “It’s crazy at work” has become their normal. But why so crazy?
There are two primary reasons: (1) The workday is being sliced into tiny, fleeting work moments by an onslaught of physical and virtual ____26____. (2)And an unhealthy obsession with growth at any cost set ___27___, unrealistic expectations that stress people out.
It’s no wonder people are working longer, earlier, later, on weekends, and whenever they have a(n) ____28____ moment. That turns life into work’s left-overs. The doggie bag.
What’s worse is that long hours, ____29____ busyness, and lack of sleep have become a badge of honor for many people these days. Sustained exhaustion is not a badge of honor. Instead, it’s a(n) ____30____ of a physical and mental breakdown.
Besides, everyone’s talking about how to ____31____ productivity these days. There’s an endless stream of methodologies and tools promising to make people more productive. But more productive at what?
Productivity is for machines, not for people. There’s nothing meaningful about ____32____ some number of work units into some amount of time or squeezing more into less. Machines can ____33____ work 24/7, but humans can’t.
When people focus on productivity, they end up focusing on being busy. Filling every moment with something to do. And there’s always more to do!
But we should not believe in busyness. We should believe in effectiveness. How little can we do? How much can we cut out? Instead of adding to-dos, we add to-don’ts.
Being productive is about occupying your time - filling your schedule to the brim and getting as much done as you can. Being effective is about finding more of your time unoccupied and ____34____ for other things besides work. Time for leisure, time for family and friends. Or time for doing absolutely nothing.
Yes, it is perfectly acceptable to have nothing to do. Or, better yet, nothing worth doing. If you’ve only got three hours of work to do on a given day, then stop. Don’t fill your day with five more just to stay busy or feel productive. Not doing something that is ____35____ worth doing is a wonderful way to spend your time.
【答案】26. D 27. G 28. F 29. I 30. B 31. A 32. J 33. E 34. K 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是工作时不必疯狂，人类并不能像机器人一样全天候的工作，针对于忙碌的工作，我们不应该相信忙碌，而是要相信效果，即不断地给自己的工作做减法，不添加要做的事，而是添加不做的事，这样就可以不用忙碌的工作。
【26题详解】
考查名词。句意：由于大量的物理和虚拟干扰，工作日被分割成微小的、短暂的工作时间。分析句子，设空处应该使用名词作宾语。表示“分心；干扰”用distraction。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查形容词。句意：对不惜任何代价实现增长的不健康痴迷，设定了过高的、不切实际的期望，使人们感到压力。分析句子，设空处应该使用形容词作定语，表示“过高的”用towering。故选G。
【28题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在周末以及任何有空闲时间的时候，难怪人们工作得更长、更早、更晚。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，表示“空闲的”用spare。故选F。
【29题详解】
考查形容词。句意：更糟糕的是，长时间工作、过度忙碌、睡眠不足已经成为许多人的荣誉标志。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，表示“过度的”用excessive。故选I。
【30题详解】
考查名词。句意：相反，它是一种身体和精神崩溃的刺激。分析句子，设空处使用名词作表语，表示“刺进，促进”用boost。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：此外，现在每个人都在谈论如何保证生产力。分析句子，设空处使用动词与空前to构成不定式结构，此处表示“保证”用guarantee。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词。句意：生产力是机器的，不是人的。在一定的时间内完成一定数量的工作单元，或者把更多的工作压缩到更少的时间内，是没有任何意义的。分析句子，设空处使用动名词作宾语，此处表示“压缩”用packing。故选J。
【33题详解】
考查副词。句意：机器确实地可以全天候工作，但人类不能。分析句子，设空处使用副词修饰动词作状语。表示“确实地”用literally。故选E。
【34题详解】
考查形容词。句意：高效就是找到更多空闲的时间，做工作之外的其他事情。分析句子，设空处使用的是形容词与空前的unoccupied构成并列结构，此处表示“可利用的”用available。故选K。
【35题详解】
考查副词。句意：不做那些几乎不值得做的事情是一种消磨时间的好方法。分析句子，设空处使用副词作状语，表示“几乎不”用barely。故选C。
IV. Cloze (30’)
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
(A)
Blind boxes originated in Japan. As the name implies, they are boxes that may contain surprise or ____36____ The buyer has no idea what the contents will be inside because each series has twelve same ____37____ packing boxes. Blind box collectors usually spend ____38____ to get the secret toy. The more they buy, the more they want. It is apparent that this cannot be explained by traditional economics--the marginal benefit is ____39____--buying an additional unit of product will cause the additional benefit to decrease. However, for consumers of blind boxes, the more they pay, the more they want.
Digging deeper into the issue, you will learn the very marketing of blind boxes is called ____40____ selling. The possibility to get a secret one is 1/144. Research has shown that blind box is the easiest approach for the shoppers to fall in love and become ____41____ customers. One of the most popular blind box brands Pop Mart ____42____ 8.18 billion yuan in sales in the first half of 2020. For shoppers, uncertainty about the box content ____43____ excitement and surprise combined, a potential neural hit in the brain typically experienced by gamblers and thrill-seekers, thus making consumers have the desire to ____44____ the purchases. Blind boxes are not exactly a(n) ____45____, but represent a harmless rush of adrenaline (肾上腺素) for Generation Z, a consumer born in the period from mid-to-late-1990s to early 2010s.
Why are blind boxes so popular among Gen Z? Well, these are consumers raised in a relatively good period characterized by abundant ____46____, when demand for food and clothing was easily met. ____47____, the pursuit of consumption that can pack in special excitement and surprise leads them to products like blind boxes.
Blind boxes can be used as a tool to clearly identify target consumers and their needs. Ever since Pop Mart launched its first store in Beijing in 2010, it has been ____48____ and upgrading the products to figure out and suit the consumers'' tastes.
While trying to stimulate consumption demand with blind boxes, companies should be aware of the hidden risks. They should not hold the surprise tricks as a way to ____49____ consumers. Consumers may not return for purchases if they feel cheated once. Without ____50____ products that deliver value, no company can go far. Once the wave of blind boxes subsides, a company without good products may never be able to catch the next wave.
36. A. disappointment B. curiosity C. wonder D. confusion
37. A. fabulous B. external C. visible D. plastic
38. A. wisely B. pleasantly C. heavily D. freely
39. A. below the average B. beyond their imagination C. within their reach D. on the decline
40. A. intensive B. panic C. competitive D. probabilistic
41. A. regular B. original C. casual D. satisfied
42. A. chased B. generated C. expected D. reinvested
43. A. demonstrates B. releases C. equals D. expresses
44. A. encourage B. confirm C. transfer D. repeat
45. A. trend B. amusement C. addiction D. trouble
46. A. devices B. supplies C. opportunities D. choices
47. A. As a result B. By contrast C. In other words D. On one hand
48. A. exploring B. utilizing C. maintaining D. transporting
49. A. entertain B. fool C. safeguard D. charge
50. A. fashionable B. solid C. profitable D. native
【答案】36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. D 41. A 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. C 46. B 47. A 48. A 49. B 50. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了盲盒的起源、特点以及盲盒背后的销售模式等信息。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：顾名思义，它们是可能包含惊喜或失望的盒子。A. disappointment失望；B. curiosity好奇心；C. wonder奇迹；D. confusion困惑。根据上文“they are boxes that may contain surprise or”以及常识可知，盲盒是可能包含惊喜或失望的盒子。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：买方不知道里面装的是什么，因为每个系列有12个相同的外包装盒。A. fabulous极好的；B. external外部的；C. visible明显的；D. plastic塑料的。根据上文“The buyer has no idea what the contents will be inside because each series has twelve same”可知因为每个系列有12个相同的外包装盒，所以买方不知道里面装的是什么，故选B。
【38题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：盲盒收藏家通常会花很多钱来得到这个秘密玩具。A. wisely明智地；B. pleasantly愉快地；C. heavily沉重地；D. freely自由地。结合上文“Blind box collectors usually spend”指盲盒收藏家在这方面花费很多钱，应用heavily。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：显然，传统经济学无法解释这一点——边际效益在下降——购买额外单位的产品将导致额外效益下降。A. below the average平均水平以下；B. beyond their imagination超出想象；C. within their reach所能及；D. on the decline在衰退中。根据后文“buying an additional unit of product will cause the additional benefit to decrease”可知边际效益在下降。故选D。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：深入研究这个问题，你会了解到盲盒营销被称为概率销售。A. intensive集中的；B. panic恐慌的；C. competitive竞争的；D. probabilistic概率性的。根据常识，拆盲盒属于概率事件，所以盲盒营销被称为概率销售。故选D。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，盲盒是最容易让购物者坠入爱河并成为常客的方法。A. regular规律的；B. original原来的；C. casual随便的；D. satisfied满意的。根据上文“shoppers to fall in love and become”可知，购买者喜欢上盲盒，且成为常客。故选A。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最受欢迎的盲盒品牌之一Pop Mart在2020年上半年创造了81.8亿元的销售额。A. chased追赶；B. generated产生；C. expected期待；D. reinvested再投资。根据后文“8.18 billion yuan in sales”可知，Pop Mart在2020年上半年创造了81.8亿元的销售额。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对购物者来说，对盒子内容的不确定性等于兴奋和惊喜的结合，这是一种潜在的大脑神经冲击，通常是赌徒和寻求刺激者所经历的，从而使消费者有重复购买的欲望。A. demonstrates演示；B. releases释放；C. equals平等；D. expresses表达。结合后文“excitement and surprise combined”可知，盒子内容的不确定性等于兴奋和惊喜的结合。故选C。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对购物者来说，对盒子内容的不确定性等于兴奋和惊喜的结合，这是一种潜在的大脑神经冲击，通常是赌徒和寻求刺激者所经历的，从而使消费者有重复购买的欲望。A. encourage鼓励；B. confirm确认；C. transfer转移；D. repeat重复。根据上文“a potential neural hit in the brain typically experienced by gamblers and thrill-seekers, thus making consumers have the desire to”可知，盲盒的不确定性是一种潜在的大脑神经冲击，从而使消费者有重复购买的欲望。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：盲盒并不是一种上瘾行为，而是Z一代（出生于90年代中后期到2010年代初的消费者）肾上腺素激增的一种无害表现。A. trend趋势；B. amusement娱乐；C. addiction瘾；D. trouble麻烦。根据后文“but represent a harmless rush of adrenaline”结合上文可知，盲盒让购买者有重复购买的冲动，但盲盒并不是上瘾行为，而是无害表现。故选C。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：好吧，这些消费者是在相对良好的时期成长起来的，其特点是供应充足，对食物和衣服的需求很容易得到满足。A. devices设备；B. supplies供应；C. opportunities机会；D. choices选择。根据后文“when demand for food and clothing was easily met”可知，这些消费者的特点是供应充足，对食物和衣服的需求很容易得到满足。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：因此，追求能够包装特别刺激和惊喜的消费，导致他们选择像盲盒一样的产品。A. As a result结果，因此；B. By contrast相比之下；C. In other words换句话说；D. On one hand一方面。结合语境，消费者特点对食物和衣服的需求很容易得到满足，因此追求能够包装特别刺激和惊喜的消费，导致他们选择像盲盒一样的产品。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：自2010年在北京开设第一家门店以来，Pop Mart一直在探索和升级产品，以了解和适应消费者的口味。A. exploring探索；B. utilizing利用；C. maintaining保持；D. transporting运输。根据后文“and upgrading the products to figure out and suit the consumers'' tastes”可知，Pop Mart一直在探索和升级产品，是为了了解和适应消费者的口味。故选A。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们不应该用这些惊喜的把戏来愚弄消费者。A. entertain娱乐；B. fool愚弄；C. safeguard保护；D. charge收费。根据后文“Consumers may not return for purchases if they feel cheated once.”可知，此处指用这些惊喜的把戏来愚弄消费者。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有能够提供价值的可靠产品，任何公司都无法走得更远。A. fashionable流行的；B. solid可靠的；C. profitable盈利的；D. native本地的。根据后文“products that deliver value”可知，此处是提供价值的可靠产品。故选B。
(B)
If at first you don’t succeed, as the old saying goes, try, try again. Good advice, up to a point. But let me offer a ____51____: even when you do succeed, try, try again. Tempting as it is to declare victory and move on, in many endeavors there is much to be said for rethinking an apparently satisfactory formula.
Consider the advice for job interviews in Talent, a new book by economist Tyler Cowen and venture capitalist Daniel Gross. They suggest asking a(n) ____52____ question, such as “give me an example of when you resolved a difficult challenge at work.” Then ask for another example. And another. The pat answers will be ____53____ quickly, and the candidate will have to start improvising, digging deep — or perhaps admit to being stumped.
Indeed, one way to describe this tactic is that the interviewer is asking for answers in ____54____ rather than for answers in series. Instead of stringing together a logical sequence of 17 questions, the interviewer is asking for 17 different answers to the same question.
While that approach is ____55____ in job interviews, it is common practice among designers. They often produce several ____56____ attempts to meet a given brief, rather than immediately focusing on what seems to be the best idea. In doing so, the designers force themselves to ____57____ the full range of possibilities, to avoid the risk of committing too early to a concept that seems attractive but may ____58____ be a dead end.
A striking example of parallel design is the creation of the Windows 95 startup sound. Microsoft was looking for an opportunity to ____59____ the audio capabilities of the computers of the day, so it is commissioned the famed music producer Brian Eno to do so.
Eno recalls receiving a brief, asking for music that was “inspirational, sexy, driving, provocative, nostalgic... there were about 150 _____60_____. And then at the bottom it said, ‘and not more than 3.8 seconds long’.”
Eno describes himself as being “completely bereft of ideas” at the time. He found the brief both hilarious and inspiring. In the end he _____61_____ more than 80 tiny pieces of music. The final result was a musical signature that has stood the test of time and was one that helped to creatively liberate Eno. “It really _____62_____ a logjam in my own work,” he told The San Francisco Chronicle.
Bill Burnett and Dave Evans, in their delightful book Designing Your Life, suggest an exercise in which you sketch out a vision for the next five years of your life. What will you be doing? Where will you live and with whom? Are you hoping to run a marathon? Start a business? Write a novel?
This is often a straightforward act of _____63_____, but what makes the exercise excruciating is what comes next: Burnett and Evans ask you to do it again, only this time, you’re to write an entirely different projection — the idea at the heart of the plan is one that is completely forbidden: Forcing yourself to go back to the _____64_____ board, not only a second, but a third time.
I’ve tried this myself and seen others try it. People squirm. They protest. Sometimes they cry. And then, sooner or later, the ideas start pouring out.
We all contain _____65_____. But we don’t always let them see the light of day. Perhaps we should try producing answers in parallel more often. Even when you do succeed, try, try again.
51. A. suggestion B. promotion C. recommendation D. modification
52 A. routine B. academic C. personal D. controversial
53. A. presented B. exhausted C. challenged D. accepted
54. A. style B. parallel C. detail D. privacy
55. A. fundamental B. flexible C. unconventional D. practical
56. A. distinct B. determined C. deliberate D. vain
57. A. dismiss B. restrict C. explore D. overlook
58. A. inevitably B. accidentally C. theoretically D. eventually
59. A. scale up B. figure out C. experiment on D. show off
60. A. adjectives B. statements C. variables D. copyrights
61. A. purchased B. composed C. performed D. appreciated
62. A. exhibited B. created C. broke D. underestimated
63. A. aggressiveness B. imagination C. wisdom D. will
64. A. dart B. score C. drawing D. notice
65. A. emotions B. ambitions C. desires D. multitudes
【答案】51. D 52. A 53. A 54. B 55. C 56. A 57. C 58. D 59. D 60. A 61. B 62. C 63. B 64. C 65. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了寻求并行答案这一思维策略。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但让我给你一个修正版：即使你成功了，也要一次又一次地尝试。A. suggestion建议；B. promotion促进；C. recommendation推荐；D. modification修改，改进。根据上文“Good advice, up to a point”可知，作者认为“If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again.”这句谚语有不完美之处，所以他给出自己修正后的说法“even when you do succeed, try, try again.”。故选D项。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们建议问一个常规问题，比如“举一个你在工作中解决困难挑战的例子。”A. routine常规的，例行的；B. academic学业的，学术的；C. personal个人的，私人的；D. controversial有争议的。根据下文“give me an example of when you resolved a difficult challenge at work.”可知，这是一个面试中的常规问题。故选A项。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在提前准备的答案很快给出来后，面试者必须开始即兴发挥，深入挖掘——或者承认自己被难住了。A. presented展示，陈述；B. exhausted使精疲力尽；C. challenged挑战；D. accepted接受。上文提到问面试者一个常规问题，结合常识和句中“pat answers”可知，面试者会陈述出自己准备好的答案。故选A项。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这种策略的一种说法是，面试官是在寻求并行答案，而不是寻求系列答案。A. style方式，作风；B. parallel相似的手法；C. detail细节；D. privacy隐私。根据下文“the interviewer is asking for 17 different answers to the same question.”和最后一段中“Perhaps we should try producing answers in parallel more often.”可知，面试官是在寻求并行答案，answers in parallel是原词复现。故选B项。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然这种方法在工作面试中并不常见，但设计师却经常使用。A. fundamental根本的；B. flexible灵活的；C. unconventional非常规的；D. practical实际的。根据从属连词“While”可知，主从句有转折对比关系，主句“it is common practice among designers.”说这是设计师的普遍做法，所以从句中是：这种方法在工作面试中是非常规的，并不常见。故选C项。
【56题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常会针对一个特定的任务做出不同的尝试，而不是立即专注于一个似乎是最好的想法。A. distinct不同的；B. determined下定决心的；C. deliberate故意的；D. vain虚荣的。根据下文“rather than immediately focusing on what seems to be the best idea.”可推知，这种方法不是专注于一个想法，而是做出不同的尝试。故选A项。
【57题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这样做的过程中，设计师迫使自己探索各种可能性，以避免过早地专注于一个看似有吸引力但最终可能是死胡同的想法，进而避开风险。A. dismiss开除，解雇；B. restrict限制，控制；C. explore探索；D. overlook忽视，忽略。根据上文“They often produce several 　6 　 attempts to meet a given brief, rather than immediately focusing on what seems to be the best idea.”可知，这种方法不是专注于一个想法，而是做出不同的尝试，所以设计师们会探索各种可能性。故选C项。
【58题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在这样做的过程中，设计师迫使自己探索各种可能性，以避免过早地专注于一个看似有吸引力但最终可能是死胡同的想法，进而避开风险。A. inevitably不可避免地；B. accidentally意外地；C. theoretically理论地；D. eventually最终，结果。对应句中“too early”，过早专注于一个看似有吸引力的想法，但最后发现是死胡同。故选D项。
【59题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：微软正在寻找一个机会来展示当时计算机的音频功能，所以它委托了著名的音乐制作人布莱恩·伊诺来做这件事。A. scale up增加；B. figure out算出；C. experiment on对……进行实验；D. show off展示，炫耀。根据上文“the Windows 95 startup sound.”和下文“Eno recalls receiving a brief, asking for music that was “inspirational, sexy, driving, provocative, nostalgic... there were about 150 　10 　 ”可推知，微软想通过Windows 95启动的声音来展示计算机的音频功能。故选D项。
【60题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：伊诺回忆说，他收到了一份任务简介，要求音乐“鼓舞人心、性感、动人、挑衅、怀旧……大约有150个形容词。然后在底部写着，‘长度不超过3.8秒'。”。A. adjectives形容词；B. statements声明，报告；C. variables变量；D. copyrights版权。根据句中“inspirational, sexy, driving, provocative, nostalgic...”可知，任务简介中用了150个形容词来描述需要的声音。故选A项。
【61题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他创作了80多首小曲子。A. purchased购买；B. composed创作，作曲；C. performed执行，表演；D. appreciated感激。根据上文“the famed music producer Brian Eno to do so.”可知，伊诺是音乐制作人，所以他创作了80多首小曲子。故选B项。
【62题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在接受《旧金山纪事报》采访时表示：“这真的打破了我工作中的僵局。”A. exhibited展出；B. created创造；C. broke打破；D. underestimated低估。根据上文“liberate Eno”可知，一个音乐拍号解放了伊诺，这也打破了他工作中的僵局。故选C项。
【63题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这通常是一个简单的想象行为，但让任务变得痛苦的是接下来的事情：伯内特和埃文斯要求你再做一次，只是这一次你要作一个完全不同的预测。A. aggressiveness攻击性；B. imagination想像力，想像；C. wisdom智慧，才智；D. will意志，决心。根据上文“What will you be doing? Where will you live and with whom? Are you hoping to run a marathon? Start a business? Write a novel?”可知，这些问题都是对未来生活的预测，凭借的是想象力。故选B项。
【64题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：强迫自己重新开始，不只是第二次，而是第三次。A. dart飞镖；B. score得分，比分；C. drawing图画；D. notice注意。根据上文“Burnett and Evans ask you to do it again”可知，伯内特和埃文斯会要求你重新做一次，go back to the drawing board是习语，意思是“从头开始”，符合语境。故选C项。
【65题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都有很多追求的目标。A. emotions情绪；B. ambitions追求的目标，雄心；C. desires欲望；D. multitudes民众。根据倒数第四段中“Bill Burnett and Dave Evans, in their delightful book Designing Your Life, suggest an exercise in which you sketch out a vision for the next five years of your life.”和倒数第三段“Burnett and Evans ask you to do it again,”可知，伯内特和埃文斯要人们反复寻找的答案是：自己未来五年的生活愿景，结合倒数第二段中“And then, sooner or later, the ideas start pouring out”可知，到最后，各种想法都会涌现出来，说明每个人都有很多追求的目标，只是不愿意表露出来。故选B项。
V. Reading Comprehension (30’)
Section A (22’)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Fatherhood is seen as dispensable. People freely and frequently undermine a dad’s role in Child-rearing by assuming that he can’t possibly be in charge of a baby on his own or by suggesting that he is such a great dad because he spent ten minutes rocking his own child to sleep. What a hero — doing something that he shouldn’t have to do because, if we’re all honest, it’s a mum’s job.
Stories of fathers in the media tend to focus on their absence. Until relatively recently, fathers were either missing, played a very specific and distant role of breadwinner, or were hapless idiots incapable of using a washing machine. We’re programmed to believe that fathers don’t possess the ‘nurturing gene’ and that this should be the sole responsibility of the mother. The thing is, that is bullshit. Like mothers, fathers have been shaped by evolution to be biologically, psychologically and behaviorally primed to parent. The hormonal and brain changes seen in new mothers are mirrored in fathers. Their ability to parent is not based on biology; it is based on how much time they spend with their children.
Nonetheless, no matter how hard couples try to re-balance the caring duties, we continue to bang our heads against a gendered wall. Our heads — and the heads of almost everyone around us — are filled with nonsense by advertisers and the media who love nothing more than creating a “gender war” out of everything. So even though it’s 2021 and science is telling us the complete opposite, the narrative remains that women are better and more “natural” carers, that they’re the only ones who can multi-task, men don’t really care about children — and are dangerous around them — and so on.
All of this can be hard to dismantle when you realize that the only way you can make ends meet is for the mother to stay off work or go down to part-time when the baby arrives, and for the dad to stay full-time with a killer commute. And of course it’s true that some of us end up internalizing all of this and start to believe the gender stereotypes.
66. The underlined word “dispensable” means “________”.
A. determining and profound B. incompetent and punishing
C. not necessary or essential D. not attractive or appealing
67. Which of the following statements will the author agree with?
A. A father who spends ten minutes rocking his kid to sleep should be regarded as a hero.
B. Women’ s better parenting abilities is mainly predetermined by their biological features.
C. The more time a father spends with his kids, the better he will be at looking after them.
D. Women are the only ones who can keep the balance between their work and career.
68. What is the author’s attitude towards the current distribution of parenting duties?
A. favourable B. indifferent C. biased D. discontented
69. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. Desperate Housewives. B. The Absence of Fatherhood.
C. Happy Wife, Happy Life. D. The Manhood Crisis.
【答案】66. C 67. C 68. D 69. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们随意地、频繁地削弱父亲在抚养孩子中的角色作用，造成父亲被认为是可有可无的错误认知，作者在文中抨击了这一现象并分析了原因。
【66题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“People freely and frequently undermine a dad’s role in Child-rearing by assuming that he can’t possibly be in charge of a baby on his own or by suggesting that he is such a great dad because he spent ten minutes rocking his own child to sleep.(人们随意地、频繁地削弱父亲在抚养孩子中的角色作用，认为他不可能独自一人照顾孩子，或者暗示他是一个伟大的父亲，因为他花了十分钟摇着自己的孩子入睡)”可知，人们总是削弱父亲在抚养孩子中的角色作用，所以导致父亲被认为是可有可无的，由此推知上文“Fatherhood is seen as dispensable.”中划线词的意思是“不必要的或不重要的”。故选C项。
【67题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Their ability to parent is not based on biology; it is based on how much time they spend with their children.(他们的养育能力不是基于生物学；这取决于他们花多少时间和孩子在一起)”可知，作者认为养育能力取决于花多少时间和孩子在一起，由此推知，作者会赞同“父亲花在孩子身上的时间越多，他就能更好地照顾他们。”这一说法。故选C项。
【68题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Nonetheless, no matter how hard couples try to re-balance the caring duties, we continue to bang our heads against a gendered wall.(尽管如此，无论夫妻们多么努力地试图重新平衡照顾孩子的责任，我们还是无法摆脱关于孩子的抚养的性别偏见)”可推知，当前父母责任的分配无法让我们摆脱与孩子抚养相关的性别偏见，由此推知，作者对于当前父母责任的分配是不满意的。故选D项。
【69题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了人们随意地、频繁地削弱父亲在抚养孩子中的角色作用，造成父亲被认为是可有可无的错误认知，作者在文中抨击了这一现象并分析了原因。结合选项，“The Absence of Fatherhood.(父亲的缺席)”正是文章讨论的主题：为什么父亲会缺席孩子的抚养，所以B项是文章最佳标题。故选B项。
(B)
I wonder if you realize just how many others share your problem. It is so common for people to distort the truth about themselves. Sometimes it’s just an invented excuse when you’re late for something or a pretence that you like someone you don’t. These white lies don’t usually harm anyone and indeed often help smooth over difficult social situations. They certainly are embarrassing if exposed but, one the whole, they’re easily forgiven.
What you describe is a habit of lying that is more serious than this. I suspect that the lies you tell are ways of defending an idea you have of your own worth. People who have doubts about their own self-esteem often worry that others will judge them as harshly as they feel they deserve because of a secret idea that they are pretty worthless. In other words, they create a false picture of themselves, a picture of someone who meets all the expectations they think others have of them. And as you say, that causes problems - since they have to keep living up to that image. At the same time, they have to tell further lie to cover the stories they have already told. According to some authorities, this is particularly among women especially those who have few opportunities to develop an adequate sense of self-worth.
I suggest you give yourself one day during which you stick solidly to the truth about yourself. Give yourself a small treat at the end of the day if you have managed to keep it up. Wait a week and then try again. Once you have achieved three separate lie-free days, see if you can cope with three days running, then extend it to a whole week. Don’t make a promise to yourself that you will never lie again because almost certainly you will - it’s too much to take on at once. Try to change things little by little, by setting yourself manageable targets. After a while, you’ll wonder why you ever had the problem at all.

70. This passage is a reply to someone who ________.
A. keeps a habit of lying for vain reasons
B. works hard to meet others’ expectations
C. thinks too highly of himself
D. doesn’t know how to make realistic plans
71. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A White lies often cause embarrassment and cannot be overlooked.
B. It’s important for women to have an adequate sense of self-worth.
C. Goals are hard to achieve without constant small treats.
D. One should stick to his promise regardless of any difficulty.
72. In the last paragraph the writer implies that ________.
A. you will solve the problem with patience and a strong will
B. you must be hard on yourself to accomplish something
C. your problem lies in the fact that you hasten to make promises
D. you must set different targets at different stages of your life
【答案】70. A 71. B 72. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了日常生活中无缘无故撒谎的习惯的原因以及解决方法。
【70题详解】
推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“I suggest you give yourself one day during which you stick solidly to the truth about yourself. (我建议你给自己一天时间，在这段时间里你要坚定地坚持自己的真实。)”可知这篇文章是对有一种无缘无故撒谎的习惯的人的回复。故选A。
【71题详解】
细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“According to some authorities, this is particularly among women especially those who have few opportunities to develop an adequate sense of self-worth.(根据一些权威人士的说法，这在女性中尤其如此，尤其是那些几乎没有机会培养足够自我价值感的女性。)”可知，对女性来说，拥有足够的自我价值感很重要，故选B。
【72题详解】
推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Give yourself a small treat at the end of the day if you have managed to keep it up. Wait a week and then try again. Once you have achieved three separate lie-free days, see if you can cope with three days running, then extend it to a whole week. (如果你能坚持下去的话，在一天结束时给自己一点小礼物。请等待一周，然后重试。一旦你完成了三个独立的无谎日，看看你是否能连续应付三天，然后再延长一周。)”可知在最后一段中，作者暗示你将以耐心和坚强的意志解决问题，故选A。
(C)
The Supreme Court’s decision on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death.”
George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “It’s like surgery,” he says. “We don’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you’re a physician, you can risk your patient’s suicide as long as you don’t intend their suicide.”
On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
Just three weeks before the Court’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, “Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life”. It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.
The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.
Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care, “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse”. He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension”.
73. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that ________.
A. doctors used to increase drug dosage to control their patients’ pain
B. it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives
C. the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide
D. patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide
74. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
A. Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients’ death.
B. Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.
C. The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.
D. A doctor’s medication is no longer justified by his intentions.
75. According to the NAS’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is ________.
A. prolonged medical procedures B. inadequate treatment of pain
C. systematic drug abuse D. insufficient hospital care
76. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they ________.
A. manage their patients incompetently
B. give patients more medicine than needed
C. reduce drug dosages for their patients
D. prolong the needless suffering of the patients
【答案】73. B 74. C 75. B 76. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍联邦最高法院裁定宪法上医生无权帮助病人自杀，但根据“双重影响”医疗原则，出于好意，为了缓解垂危病人的痛苦而大剂量用药是允许的。另一方面，医学界正在采取措施，把过度用药改为加强临终关怀。
【73题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide (法院裁定，宪法没有授予医生协助自杀的权利)”可推知，医生帮助垂危病人结束生命是非法的。故选B项。
【74题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“the Court in effect supported the medical principle of ‘double effect’, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.(最高法院实际上支持了“双重效果”的医学原则，这是一个有几个世纪历史的道德原则，认为一个行为有两种效果——一个是预期中的好的效果，另一个是可预见的有害的效果——如果行为人只想获得好的效果，则是允许的)”和第三段“Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.(近年来，医生们利用这一原则来证明使用大剂量吗啡来控制绝症患者的疼痛是合理的，即使增加剂量最终会杀死病人)”可推知，法院裁定为了缓解临终病人的痛苦而大剂量用药是允许的。故选C项。
【75题详解】
细节理解题。根据第七段中“the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, ‘Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life’. It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of ‘ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying’ as the twin problems of end-of-life care.(美国国家科学院(NAS)发布了一份两卷本的报告《接近死亡：改善临终护理》。报告指出，对疼痛的治疗不足和积极使用“无效和强制的医疗程序，可能会延长甚至羞辱死亡时期”是临终关怀的两个问题)”可知，临终关怀的两个问题之一是对疼痛的治疗不足。故选B项。
【76题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Annas的话“Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it constitutes ‘systematic patient abuse’ (大量的医生似乎不关心他们的病人所遭受的不必要的、可预见的痛苦，“以至于这构成了“系统性的病人虐待”)”和“He says medical licensing boards ‘must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension’.(他说，医疗执照委员会“必须明确指出，如果痛苦的死亡是由于管理不善而导致的，应该被吊销执照”)”可推知，George Annas会同意如果医生延长病人不必要的痛苦，他们就应该受到惩罚这一说法。故选D项。
Section B (8’)
Direction: In the article, 4 sentences have been removed. Choose the most suitable ones from the list A-AC to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are TWO which do not fit in any of the gaps.
(D)
Why we should spare parasites
Growing up, Chelsea Wood dreamed of becoming a marine biologist and studying large, exciting animals like sharks. Instead, she later found herself peering through a microscope at the organs of a snail. She had often plucked snails off rocks and collected them in buckets, but she had never looked inside of one. Seen through the microscope, they are surprisingly charming. “I couldn’t believe that I’d been looking at snails for as long as I had and missing all the cool stuff,” says wood. “I just totally fell in love with them.”
Nearly half of all known animals are parasites. One study projects that a tenth of them may be doomed to extinction because of climate change, loss of their hosts, and deliberate attempts at eradication. Though it seems few people care — or even notice.
______77______. But most parasites have evolved not to kill their hosts, and not all of them even cause noticeable harm to them.
Scientists warn of dire consequences if we continue to ignore the dangerous situation of parasites. Not only are some of them useful to humans [such as medicinal leeches, still employed in some surgeries], but they also play crucial roles in ecosystems, keeping some populations in check while helping to feed others.
Some experts say there’s an aesthetic argument for saving them. ______78______. They’ve evolved clever means of survival, from becoming a fish’s tongue to controlling the minds of cockroaches.
We’ve barely begun to identify all the parasites. “That’s just not something that we’ve prioritized,” says Skylar Hopkins, an ecologist at North Carolina State University. So, Hopkins pulled together a group of scientists interested in parasites, and they started sharing what they knew.
Since parasites rely on other species, they can be easily hurt, Take, for example, the endangered pygmy hog-sucking louse. It only lives on another species that is itself endangered, the pygmy hog, which is disappearing fast. Then there’s the California condor louse. In the 1970s, desperate to save the California condor, biologists began raising them in captivity. Part of the protocol was to delouse every bird, on the assumption that parasites were bad for condors, though it’s not clear that they actually were.
While the death of parasites might seem like no big deal, ecologists caution that wiping them out could end up dooming the planet. ______79______. Big predators would lose out too. Many parasites move into their next host by manipulating the host they’re in, which drives that host into a predator’s mouth so that the predator can be fed.
Even human health wouldn’t entirely benefit from wiping out parasites. The human immune system evolved alongside a group of parasites, and if we were to kill them off, our immune systems would then began attacking ourselves.
However, scientists aren’t out to save all parasites. The Guinea worm, for instance, should not be spared. It grows inside a person’s abdomen, causing harm to one’s health.
If anyone would want to get rid of all parasites, you’d think it would be Bobbi Pritt. As medical director for the Mayo Clinic’s human parasitology lab, Pritt identifies harmful parasites found all over the country and in every body part. Yet even Pritt has a soft spot for parasites. As a physician, she favors wiping out parasites that cause disease and suffering. ______80______.
Ultimately, we do not want a war against all of them, because there’s still so much we don’t understand.
A. Without parasites keeping them in check, the populations of certain animals would explode.
B. Beyond their aesthetic or scientific importance, parasites are an integral part of the biosphere.
C. Parasites are sometimes rejected by the scientific communities that study the animal world because they rely on a host.
D. “But as a biologist,” she says, “purposefully trying to make something extinct just doesn’t sit well with me.”
E. Therefore, she has committed herself to finding more effective approaches to eliminate all harmful parasites.
F. If you get past their “gross” appearance, you may find parasites’ way of living strangely charming.
【答案】77. C 78. B 79. A 80. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了寄生虫的相关科学常识。
【77题详解】
根据后文“But most parasites have evolved not to kill their hosts, and not all of them even cause noticeable harm to them.(但大多数寄生虫已经进化到不会杀死它们的宿主，甚至不是所有的寄生虫都对宿主造成明显的伤害)”可知，此处强调寄生虫与宿主之间的关系。前文应该强调寄生虫的宿主。C选项“Parasites are sometimes rejected by the scientific communities that study the animal world because they rely on a host.(寄生虫有时会被研究动物世界的科学界所排斥，因为它们依赖于宿主)”中指出寄生虫和宿主之间的关系，符合语境。故选C。
【78题详解】
根据前文的“Some experts say there’s an aesthetic argument for saving them.(一些专家说，拯救它们有美学上的理由)”以及后文的“They’ve evolved clever means of survival, from becoming a fish’s tongue to controlling the minds of cockroaches.(它们进化出了聪明的生存手段，从成为鱼的舌头到控制蟑螂的思想)”可知，设空处应该强调寄生虫不仅仅有美学上的理由，同时它们也成为了生物全中不可分割的一部分，如后文所提到的它们成为了鱼的舌头或者成为了蟑螂的大脑等。由此可知，B选项“Beyond their aesthetic or scientific importance, parasites are an integral part of the biosphere.(除了美学或科学意义之外，寄生虫还是生物圈中不可分割的一部分)”能够承上启下，符合语境。故选B。
【79题详解】
根据前文“While the death of parasites might seem like no big deal, ecologists caution that wiping them out could end up dooming the planet.(虽然寄生虫的死亡看起来没什么大不了的，但生态学家警告说，消灭它们可能最终会毁灭地球)”可知，设空处应该强调寄生虫对生态系统以及其他生物产生的影响。由此可知，A选项“Without parasites keeping them in check, the populations of certain animals would explode.(如果没有寄生虫的控制，某些动物的数量将会激增)”承接前文，指出如果没有寄生虫，某些动物的数量可能会激增。故选A。
【80题详解】
根据前文“As a physician, she favors wiping out parasites that cause disease and suffering. (作为一名医生，她主张消灭导致疾病和痛苦的寄生虫)”可知，此处强调从医生的身份来说，她主张消灭寄生虫，但是从科学家的身份寄生虫又有着重要的作用，对其消亡应该持有不同的态度。由此可知，D选项““But as a biologist,” she says, “purposefully trying to make something extinct just doesn’t sit well with me.(“但作为一名生物学家，”她说，“有目的地试图让某种东西灭绝，这让我很不舒服。”)”承接前文，符合语境。故选D。
VI. Summary (10’)
81. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Online “friends” – a threat to development
The impact of technology on the nature of our friendships has been a much - debated topic since the dramatic rise of social networks. Advances in mobile technology and social networking websites mean we spend more time online than ever before. It is therefore not surprising that so many psychologists, sociologists, and others are eager to give their thoughts on how this is impacting negatively on our society.
There is one element of social networking that is deeply worrying. We find ourselves in a hyper - connected world where people access social media day and night, excited to make announcements about the tiniest details of their lives. Research is starting to show that this culture is negatively affecting not our friendships but our character. Professor Larry D. Rosen says that young people who overuse social networking sites can become ineffective, and display anti -social behavior in their offline lives. But perhaps an even more disturbing effect is that one of our most basic emotions seems to be disappearing --empathy. This is the emotion that allows us to see the world from our friends’ points of view. Without it, we are far less able to connect and form meaningful adult relationships.
Professor Sherry Turkle suggests that people are no longer comfortable being alone. This is something confirmed by a study where 200 university students were asked to go without social media for 24 hours. Many admitted an addiction to their online social network; most complained that they felt cut off from family and friends. And yet being alone is a time when we self-reflect and get in touch with who we really are. It is only when we do this that we can make meaningful friendships with others.
These potential changes in our characters are rather alarming, so it is clear that we can’t neglect those negative impacts of social networks.
【答案】Researchers say social media has a huge negative impact on us. First, excessive use of social media can cause anti -social behavior and the disappearance of empathy. Besides, social media makes people dislike solitude which can make us reflect on ourselves and touch the real self. In a word, we must pay attention to the negative impact of social media.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括研究人员称社交媒体对我们有很大的负面影响，首先，过度使用社交媒体会导致反社会行为和移情的消失。此外，社交媒体使人们不喜欢独处，这会使我们反省自己，接触真实的自我，我们必须重视社交媒体的负面影响。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
VII. Translation (20’)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
82. 只有当人们意识到只有一个地球时，他们才会开始重视节能减排。(Only; attach)(汉译英)
【答案】Only when people realize that there is only one earth, can they begin to attach importance to energy conservation and emission reduction.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语、名词短语以及倒装句。表示“识到”应用动词realize；表示“节能减排”短语为energy conservation and emission reduction；表示“重视”短语为attach importance to；根据句意可知本句应使用一般现在时。使用Only修饰的时间状语从句放在句首， 应使用部分倒装句。故翻译为Only when people realize that there is only one earth, can they begin to attach importance to energy conservation and emission reduction。
83. 尽管政府采取了许多刺激经济的措施，但预计明年的失业率将上升 2%。(Despite; project) (汉译英)
【答案】Unemployment is projected to rise by 2% next year, despite many government measures to stimulate the economy.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词、介词、时态语态。结合原文，分析句子可知，“尽管政府采取了许多刺激经济的措施”是让步状语，用介词despite构成介词短语作状语，“政府措施”用名词词组government measures表示，“许多刺激经济的”作后置定语，用不定式to stimulate the economy表示，可译为：despite many government measures to stimulate the economy；“预计明年的失业率将上升2%”是句子主干，主语“失业率”可用unemployment表示，“预计”是谓语动词，用动词project，与主语之间是被动关系，用被动语态is projected，“上升2%”用rise by 2%表示，用不定式形式作主语补足语，“明年”是时间状语，用next year表示，可译为：unemployment is projected to rise by 2% next year。综上， 全句译为：Unemployment is projected to rise by 2% next year, despite many government measures to stimulate the economy.
84. 在这个人们被持续不断干扰所包围的时代，读书已经成为一种不是每个人都能负担得起的奢侈品。(surround) (汉译英)
【答案】In an age when people are surrounded by constant distractions, reading books has become a luxury that not everyone can afford.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句、名词、动词短语、动名词、名词短语，介词短语。表示“在一个时代”应为介词短语In an age，后接关系副词when引导的定语从句修饰该名词age，定语从句为when people are surrounded by constant distractions，其中表示“被……所包围”为动词短语are surrounded by；表示“持续不断的干扰”为名词短语constant distractions；在主句中，表示“读书”应为动名词短语reading books作主语，表示“已经成为”为动词完成时has become；表示“奢侈品”为名词a luxury，后接关系代词that引导的定语从句修饰该名词luxury，定语从句为that not everyone can afford，其中表示“能负担起”为动词can afford。故翻译为：In an age when people are surrounded by constant distractions, reading books has become a luxury that not everyone can afford。
85. 坦率地说，这部改编自同名畅销书的电影让那些书迷们大失所望，尤其是当他们发现男主角与书中的原著人物在外貌上有着相当大的差异时。(nothing short of; differ) (汉译英)
【答案】Frankly speaking/To be frank, the film adapted from the best-selling book was nothing short of disappointment to those book fans, especially when they found that the leading actor differed quite a lot from the original character in the book in appearance.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配、动词时态、过去分词作后置定语、介词短语和名词。表示“坦率地说”应用固定搭配frankly speaking/to be frank，作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“依据……改编”应用adapt from，the film与adapt from之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表被动，作后置定语；表示“大失所望”应用be nothing short of disappointment,作谓语动词，动作发生在过去应用一般过去时；表示“与……不同”应用动词短语 differ from ，作when引导的时间状语从句中动词found之后宾语从句的谓语动词，使用一般过去时；表示“男主角与书中的原著人物”应用名词 the leading actor 和the original character，分别作宾语从句的主语和from的宾语，表示“在外貌上”应用介词短语in appearance，作状语。故翻译为Frankly speaking/To be frank, the film adapted from the best-selling book was nothing short of of disappointment to those book fans, especially when they found that the leading actor differed a lot from the original character in the book in appearance。
86. 大多数球迷将阿根廷队在 2022 年世界杯决赛中战胜法国队归功于梅西(Lionel Messi)，他的出色表现使他有资格被视为有史以来最伟大的球员。(owe; entitle) (汉译英)
【答案】Most fans owed Argentina’s victory over France in the 2022 World Cup final to Lionel Messi, whose outstanding performance entitled him to be regarded as the greatest player of all time.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。owe ... to ...把……归功于……；victory over(取得)对……的胜利；World Cup世界杯足球赛；entitle sb. to do sth.使某人有权得到某物；be regarded as被认为是；被当作是；of all time有史以来。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。句中先行词为Lionel Messi，在定语从句中作名词performance的定语，所以用关系代词whose引导。根据句意，故翻译为Most fans owed Argentina’s victory over France in the 2022 World Cup final to Lionel Messi, whose outstanding performance entitled him to be regarded as the greatest player of all time.