2022-2023学年重庆市第十八中学高二上学期期末线上素质测评英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年重庆市第十八中学高二上学期期末线上素质测评英语试题（解析版），共23页。试卷主要包含了5 分，满分 7等内容，欢迎下载使用。

重庆市第十八中学 2022-2023 学年(上) 期末线上素质测评
高二英语试题
第I卷选择题
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话，每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where is Andy now?
A. In the U.K. B. In France. C. In China.
2. What will the woman do?
A. Look after her sick sister. B. Have a walk with the man. C. Take care of her sister’s child.
3. What is the relationship between Colin and Mary?
A. Brother and sister. B. Father and daughter. C. Husband and wife.
4. How long does the computer club last?
A. 15 minutes. B. 30 minutes. C. 45 minutes.
5. What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. A hairdresser. B. A hairstyle. C. A girl.
第二节 (共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白，每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。
6. What do we know about the basket?
A. It is small for a coffee pot.
B. It was bought yesterday.
C. It is of bad quality.
7. What does the woman decide to do in the end?
A. Change the basket for another one.
B. Have the basket repaired.
C. Return the basket.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。
8. Where did the woman meet Bradley Cooper?
A. At a restaurant. B. At a bookstore. C. At a shopping center.
9. What did Bradley Cooper do for the woman?
A. He gave her a book.
B. He signed a book for her.
C. He helped her with her English.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。
10. When is Priceless on?
A. At 8. B. At 9.
11. What does the woman think of quiz shows? C. At 11.
A. Boring. B. Exciting.
12. What program will the woman watch? C. Funny.
A. A basketball game. B. A movie.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。
13. Who went to England last year? C. A talk show.
A. Ivan. B. Jim.
14. Where did Erica stay during her holiday? C. Erica.
A. In a hotel. B. In a tent.
15. Which means of transport did Ann use from Italy to Malta? C. In a flat.
A. The plane. B. The car.
16. Where will the speakers probably go? C. The boat.
A. To a mountain. B. To a farm.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。
17. Which position is open? C. To a castle.
A. Editors. B. Reporters.
18. What can be got from the job? C. Website designers.
A. Chances to travel around. B. Lots of money.
19. What is the requirement for the applicants? C. Free movies.
A. Work experience. B. Good writing skills.
20. What does the speaker talk about in the end? C. Access to the Internet.
A. The deadline. B. The age limit. C. The website address.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节(共 15 小题; 每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B 、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
In recent years，Myanmar has opened its doors to western tourism．This once-closed state in Southeast Asia is a gold mine for those who enjoy the ancient Buddhist culture of the region．Compared to its neighbors，the landscape of Myanmar has been left largely undamaged．There are so many reasons why Myanmar is amazing and has been rated one of the top Asian tourist destinations for 2019．Here are some of its scenic spots：
Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon
As far as pagodas are concerned，this is one of the most respected in Myanmar．This massive325-foot Buddhist pagoda is surrounded by smaller shiny-gold pagodas．It is believed that some of the hairs of Gautama Buddha are well-preserved in here．The Shwedagon Pagoda is a must-see destination on your traveling schedule．
Long Neck Tribe of the Hill Country
These women—who are identified by their long necks that are stretched by brass neck coils(项圈)from an early age—have become world-famous．You’ll find this tribe in the mountainous north of the country，especially in Chin state．This custom dates back to ancient times when tribesmen—who were always at war with neighboring tribes—put neck coils on their women to prevent them from being taken as prisoners of war．These days，the long-necked women are used to seeing foreigners，who make the long journey to this isolated region of Myanmar for the purpose of seeing them．
Mandalay City
This dusty，hot center of trading and commerce for Myanmar is both fascinating and exciting．You’11 never find a shortage of things to do here．Temples．Medieval-era castles．Buildings from the country’s colonial British past．There are over 600 monasteries and nunneries in the Holy Hills of Sagaing，which overlook Mandalay．The city also has an exciting nightlife which will be an attraction for many．
1. What does the writer intend to tell in the passage?
A. Life styles people in Myanmar have．
B. Activities tourists can attend in Myanmar．
C. Reasons why Myanmar is suddenly popular．
D. Information about some attractions in Myanmar．
2. For what purpose were the neck coils initially used?
A. To protect women’s necks．
B. To frighten the enemies away．
C. To make women more attractive．
D. To stop women being victims of war．
3. What will impress travelers to Mandalay City most?
A. Promising commercial future． B. Architecture of different styles．
C. Shiny-gold pagodas． D. Abundance of goods in night markets．
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇广告布告类短文阅读。缅甸被评为2019年亚洲顶级旅游目的地之一，文章主要介绍了缅甸的一些景点的信息。
【1题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段There are so many reasons why Myanmar is amazing and has been rated one of the top Asian tourist destinations for 2019. Here are some of its scenic spots可 知，缅甸之所以令人惊叹，并被评为2019年亚洲最佳旅游目的地之一，原因有很多。这里有一些风景点及下文内容可知，文章作者主要介绍了缅甸的一些景点的信息。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Long Neck Tribe of the Hill Country部分中的This custom dates back to ancient times when tribesmen—who were always at war with neighboring tribes—put neck coils on their women to prevent them from being taken as prisoners of war.可知，他的习俗可以追溯到古代，当时部落里的人总是和邻近的部落打仗，他们给女人戴上颈圈，防止她们成为战俘。所以最初女人脖子上戴项圈是为了防止她们被当作战俘，防止她们成为战争的受害者。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章Mandalay City部分中的Buildings from the country’s colonial British past. There are over 600 monasteries and nunneries in the Holy Hills of Sagaing, which overlook Mandalay.可知，曼德勒市的建筑物都是英国殖民时期的，圣山有上超过600座修道院和修女院，从而推断出，曼德勒市令游客印象最深刻是不同的建筑风格。故选B。
B
A crowd cheered Kunle Adeyanju as he turned off his motorbike engine after completing a tiring 41-day trip. The 44-year-old left London on April 19 and arrived in Nigeria’s commercial center Lagos on Sunday after travelling more than 8,000 miles across 13 countries. He started the impressive journey to raise funds for Rotary International to deal with polio (小儿麻痹症) in his native Nigeria.
Accompanied by a dozen bikers for the last stretch of the journey from the Republic of Benin, Adeyanju was welcomed by supporters in Ikeja, in central Lagos. Adeyanju, called “Lion Heart” by fans, won popularity among the public by posting daily pictures with comments about his journey on social media. At every stop along the way, he was greeted by enthusiastic (热情的) supporters.
He did face some challenges, like the one in Mali where one of his wheels broke. “I was standing in the middle of the night, alone in a bush, not knowing what to do, without speaking the language,” he said, explaining he had to walk to the nearest village. “Fortunately, the locals helped me.” Not all of the challenges he faced were solved smoothly. “Mauritania, a country in northwest Africa, was ‘terrible’,” he said, after he got robbed of hundreds of euros. “The worst experience,” he added.
The former Shell employee self-funded his trip with $20,400 in savings, hoping to raise up to $48 million for Rotary International. “I have been suffering from a lack of sleep lately because I slept only three to four hours per night. But I feel proud because I finished this challenge,” Adeyanju said just after he arrived, wiping the sweat off his face. Adeyanju added that he is now planning to have a possible cycling trip to Ghana or a bike ride to Israel to help raise more funds. And he has another dream: to climb Mount Qomolangma.
4 Why did Adeyanju go on the 41-day trip?
A. To challenge himself. B. To help people fight polio.
C. To connect with more people. D. To advertise Rotary International.
5. How did Adeyanju become popular during the journey?
A. By using the title “Lion Heart”.
B. By commenting on other bikers’ journeys.
C. By sharing his experiences online.
D. By showing his deep love for his hometown.
6. What happened to Adeyanju in Mauritania?
A. He got lost in the bush. B. He met with crime.
C. He failed to understand the locals. D. He broke his motorbike.
7. Which words can best describe Adeyanju?
A Caring and determined. B. Reliable and outstanding.
C. Generous and brilliant. D. Ambitious and confident.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。为了给国际扶轮社筹集在他的家乡尼尔利亚应对小儿麻痹症的资金，Kunle Adeyanju成功完成了从伦敦到拉各斯的摩托车骑行。
【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He started the impressive journey to raise funds for Rotary International to deal with polio (小儿麻痹症) in his native Nigeria.(他开始了一段令人印象深刻的旅程，为国际扶轮社在其祖国尼日利亚的小儿麻痹症筹集资金。)”可知，Adeyanju进行为期41天的旅行是为了给国际扶轮社筹集在他家乡尼日利亚应对小儿麻痹症资金。故选B。

2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Adeyanju, called 'Lion Heart' by fans, won popularity among the public by posting daily pictures with comments about his journey on social media. (Adeyanju被粉丝们称为“狮心”，他每天在社交媒体上发布旅途照片和评论，在公众中广受欢迎。)”可知，Adeyanju每天都在社交媒体上发布旅行照片和评论，从而赢得了公众的喜爱。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘Mauritania, a country in northwest Africa, was ‘terrible’,’ he said, after he got robbed of hundreds of euros. ‘The worst experience,’ he added.(“毛里塔尼亚，非洲西北部的一个国家，‘糟糕透了’，”他在被抢劫数百欧元后说。“最糟糕的经历，”他补充道。)”可知，Adeyanju的钱在毛里塔尼亚被抢了，这让他觉得在那里的经历很糟糕。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据第一段内容“A crowd cheered Kunle Adeyanju as he turned off his motorbike engine after completing a tiring 41-day trip. The 44-year-old left London on April 19 and arrived in Nigeria’s commercial center Lagos on Sunday after travelling more than 8,000 miles across 13 countries. He started the impressive journey to raise funds for Rotary International to deal with polio (小儿麻痹症) in his native Nigeria.(Kunle Adeyanju结束了41天的劳累旅行，在他关掉摩托车引擎时，人群欢呼起来。这位44岁的男子于4月19日离开伦敦，于周日抵达尼日利亚商业中心拉各斯，此前他穿越了13个国家，行程超过8000英里。他开始了令人印象深刻的旅程，为国际扶轮社筹集资金，在他的祖国尼日利亚对付小儿麻痹症。)”和倒数第二段的“He did face some challenges, like the one in Mali where one of his wheels broke. (他确实遇到了一些挑战，比如在马里，他的一个轮子坏了。)”可知，为了给国际扶轮社筹集资金在他家乡尼日利亚应对小儿麻痹症，Adeyanju进行了为期41天的骑行，由此可知，他是一个关心他人、乐于助人的人。在骑行中虽然遇到了一些困难，但他没有放弃，由此可知，他是一个意志坚定的人。故选A。
C
“Eating together” is a statement that doctors use regularly when they talk with families about maintaining normal weight. Children who eat regular family meals tend to have lower rates of obesity. A new study takes a look at why.
A team led by Jerica Berg asked the families of 120 children to record eight days of meals. Berge’s team sorted the interactions occurring at the table into two broad groups—those relating to the emotional atmosphere at the meal, such as how much the family members seemed to be enjoying the time together, and how many uncomfortable silences occurred—and those involving food specially, such as how many unpleasant feelings emerged from discussions about food, and how much the parents controlled what and how much children ate.
Children who were overweight had family meals that included more negative emotional interactions compared to children who weren’t overweight. Their meals tended to have a warmer, more communicative atmosphere. For example, these children were encouraged to eat foods to get stronger or run faster, while heavier children experienced more negative pressures including threats and being made to feel guilty about those who can’t afford to eat three meals a day. If parents talk constantly throughout the meal about food, and lectured the children about homework or attempted to control what the children ate, the youngsters were also more likely to be heavy. Also, the researchers found heavier children tended to have shorter meals.
In the meantime, the current data suggests that simply sitting down at the same table at the same time isn’t enough to influence obesity. And it’s up to family doctors to help families understand how to take full advantage of breaking bread together.
8. What were classified into two groups by Berge’s team?
A. Feelings emerging from discussions about food.
B. Features of family meals influencing weight.
C. Emotional atmosphere during the meals.
D. Conversations happening during dinner.
9. What did parents with overweight children not do at the table?
A. They told the children to eat to grow healthier.
B. They talked with the children about homework.
C. They tried to take control of food that children ate.
D. They asked the children to finish meals quickly.
10. What may the author talk about in the following paragraph?
A. Listing ways to cook delicious meals.
B. Showing how families diet in a healthy manner.
C. Giving reasons of why children are overweight.
D. Introducing ways to make the most of eating together.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. How obesity spreads across family members
B. How dining with parents affects obesity in kids
C. Why parents should eat together with children
D. Why more children are becoming overweight
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了和父母一起吃饭对儿童体重的影响。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Berge’s team sorted the interactions occurring at the table into two broad groups—those relating to the emotional atmosphere at the meal, such as how much the family members seemed to be enjoying the time together, and how many uncomfortable silences occurred—and those involving food specially, such as how many unpleasant feelings emerged from discussions about food, and how much the parents controlled what and how much children ate.(Berge的团队将餐桌上发生的互动分为两大类：一类是与用餐时的情绪氛围有关的，比如家庭成员在一起的时候有多开心，有多少不舒服的沉默发生了；另一类是特别与食物有关的，比如讨论食物时产生了多少不愉快的感觉，以及父母在多大程度上控制了孩子吃什么和吃多少)”可知，Berge的团队将影响体重的家庭膳食特点分为两类。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“For example, these children were encouraged to eat foods to get stronger or run faster, while heavier children experienced more negative pressures including threats and being made to feel guilty about those who can’t afford to eat three meals a day.(例如，这些孩子被鼓励吃东西来变得更强壮或跑得更快，而体重较重的孩子经历了更多的负面压力，包括威胁和对那些买不起一日三餐的人感到内疚)”可知，对于不超重的孩子，父母告诉他们吃东西可以变强壮、跑得更快，而超重的孩子在餐桌上经历更多的负面压力。由此可知，有超重孩子的父母不会鼓励孩子吃东西来变得更健康。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“And it’s up to family doctors to help families understand how to take full advantage of breaking bread together.(家庭医生要帮助家庭成员了解如何充分利用一起吃饭的机会)”可知，文章接下来可能会介绍如何充分利用一起吃饭的机会。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Children who eat regular family meals tend to have lower rates of obesity. A new study takes a look at why.(定期吃家庭餐的儿童往往肥胖率较低。一项新的研究探讨了原因)”以及下文对研究过程和结果的陈述可知，文章主要介绍在家和父母一起吃饭对儿童体重的影响。故文章标题为：与父母一起用餐如何影响孩子的肥胖。故选B。
D
For thousands of years, Chinese writers have travelled all over the country to take down notes about the geographical conditions of each city. Among them, well-known Chinese geographer and writer Li Daoyuan, in the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534), composed his book, Commentary on the Water Classics, after studying the original literary version, Water Classics. He later expanded the river records to 1, 252 from the original 137.
The book is now being studied again by Professor Li Xiaojie and his team from Fudan University. They have been using drawing software and 3D modelling to recreate the waterway situations on a map based on the book description. So far, they have completed research on four rivers.
“Ancient people knew really well how to apply the power of nature to technical considerations,”Li said, giving the example of Qianjin’e, one of the most famous ancient water conservation projects in Luoyang, Henan. In order to lead the river into the city for irrigation (灌溉) in ancient Luoyang, the officials built a canal branch by separating a northwest-southeast river. However, the canal water wasn't enough to support the citizens in dry seasons. To solve that, on the northern side of the canal branch, the officials built a reservoir (水库) and a channel to lead the water to the canal branch, where the waterways would converge and flow together to the city.
In Commentary on the Water Classics, a total of 2, 800 cities are recorded with details. Still, the process of recreation takes much effort. After doing a lot of text analysis and fieldwork, the team has gradually created the model with 3D modelling software based on repeated deductions (推论).
For Professor Li, the book is not only a record of the natural landscape over 1, 000 years ago, but also a detailed description of humanity and culture and a treasure for today’s reference.
12. What can we learn about the book Commentary on the Water Classics?
A. It has been out of date. B. It explains 3D modelling.
C. It keeps records of 137 rivers. D. It is based on previous studies.
13. What does the underlined word “converge” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Join. B. Pass. C. Cross. D. Begin.
14. What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about model recreation?
A. Its major problems. B. Its detailed analysis.
C. Its complex process. D. Its successful application.
15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. 3D Technology Fuels Modern Research
B. Ancient Classics Inspire Modern Research
C. An Effective Approach to Model Recreation
D. A Famous Writer of Chinese Ancient Classics
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了复旦大学李晓杰教授及其团队根据古代著作《水经注》的描述，使用绘图软件和3D建模重现了水道情况。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Among them, well-known Chinese geographer and writer Li Daoyuan, in the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534), composed his book, Commentary on the Water Classics, after studying the original literary version, Water Classics.(其中，中国著名地理学家、作家郦道元在北魏（386-534）对《水经》原著进行研究后，撰写了《水经注》一书)”可知，《水经注》是基于对之前《水经》一书的研究。故选D项。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前“To solve that, on the northern side of the canal branch, the officials built a reservoir (水库) and a channel to lead the water to the canal branch(为了解决这个问题，官员们在运河支流的北侧建了一个水库和一个渠道，把水引到运河支流)”及划线词后“flow together to the city(一起流向城市)”可知，此处指水在支流汇合然后一起流入城市，converge意为“汇合”。故选A项。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“Still, the process of recreation takes much effort. After doing a lot of text analysis and fieldwork, the team has gradually created the model with 3D modelling software based on repeated deductions(推论).(然而，娱乐的过程需要很多努力。经过大量的文本分析和实地调查，团队在反复推演的基础上，用3D建模软件逐步建立模型)”可知，本段主要讲述重建模型的复杂过程。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“They have been using drawing software and 3D modelling to recreate the waterway situations on a map based on the book description.(他们一直在使用绘图软件和3D建模，在地图上根据书中的描述重现水道情况)”可知，文章主要讲述复旦大学李晓杰教授及其团队根据《水经注》的描述，使用绘图软件和3D建模重现了水道情况。故B项“古代经典启发现代研究”适合作为文章标题。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分 12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everyone faces adversity during their lifetime. ____16____ . We can become stronger, and we can refuse to let hard times keep us from reaching our potential. Below are several ways to keep fighting the good fight and build your resilience (韧性) when the going gets tough.
Declare that life is not fair
You probably already realize this. But it’s important to say it out loud and keep it in the forefront of your mind when you’re going through a trial. Some people seem to never struggle, and some people get everything they want. ____17____.
Collect your resources
Everyone has people in their circle they can trust to support them or personal qualities that help them get through dark times. ____18____. Everyone has strengths they can access and build on.
Identify something in your life that is stable/positive
____19____. It may be a relationship with a relative, friend, or partner. Perhaps it’s a job that we love. It could be a secure home or living arrangement. Maybe it’s even a hobby that we enjoy. Remind yourself of the things that you can count on when there are a lot of changes going on around you or you are uncertain about the future.
____20____.
Remembering how you’ve gotten through difficulties in the past and how you navigated them can be a helpful tool and give you more hope and courage. If you find yourself struggling in ways that you’ve never experienced or to a degree that you haven’t faced before, it can still be helpful to reflect on things that you’ve done before. You want to remember that you have agency and that you can keep going.
A. Rethink how you feel about adversity
B. Reflect on past challenges that you have overcome
C. Accept that life is not fair, but that things often do work out with time and effort
D. Even during dark times in life, there is almost always something that we can count on
E. You may not know your own ability, so give some thought to what your superpowers are
F. However, we can shift our focus toward overcoming our own obstacles and personal growth
G. If you’ve experienced what seems like more than your fair share of adversity, this will be difficult.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. E 19. D 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了面临逆境时，可以继续好好战斗并增强你的韧性的方法。
【16题详解】
上文“Everyone faces adversity during their lifetime.(每个人一生都会面临逆境)”说明每个人都会面临逆境，以及下文“We can become stronger, and we can refuse to let hard times keep us from reaching our potential.(我们可以变得更强大，我们可以拒绝让困难时刻阻碍我们发挥潜力)”说明我们可以发挥潜力，变得更强大，F项“然而，我们可以将注意力转向克服自身障碍和个人成长”承上启下，说明面临逆境时应该采取的方法，符合题意。故选F。
【17题详解】
上文“Declare that life is not fair (宣布生活是不公平的)”说明你要意识到并大声说出来，生活是不公平的，C项“接受生活是不公平的，但事情往往的确需要时间和努力才能解决”承接上文，并提出解决事情需要时间和努力这一观点，符合题意。故选C。
【18题详解】
上文“Everyone has people in their circle they can trust to support them or personal qualities that help them get through dark times.(每个人的圈子里都有可以信任的人来支持他们，或者有助于他们度过黑暗时期的个人品质)”说明每个人的周围都有可以信任的人或者有益的个人品质，以及下文“Everyone has strengths they can access and build on.(每个人都有自己可以利用和发展的优势)”说明每个人都有自己的优势，E项中ability是关键词，E项“你可能不知道自己的能力，所以想想你的超能力是什么”承上启下，符合题意。故选E。
【19题详解】
下文“It may be a relationship with a relative, friend, or partner. Perhaps it’s a job that we love. It could be a secure home or living arrangement. Maybe it’s even a hobby that we enjoy.(它可能是与亲戚、朋友或伴侣的关系。它也许是我们热爱的工作。它可能是一个安全的家庭或生活安排。它也许甚至是我们喜欢的爱好)”列举了生活中可以依靠的稳定/积极的事情，D项“即使在生活中的黑暗时期，我们几乎总是可以依靠一些东西”引出下文，符合题意。故选D。
【20题详解】
下文“Remembering how you’ve gotten through difficulties in the past and how you navigated them can be a helpful tool and give you more hope and courage. If you find yourself struggling in ways that you’ve never experienced or to a degree that you haven’t faced before, it can still be helpful to reflect on things that you’ve done before.(记住你过去是如何度过困难的，以及你是如何度过这些困难的，这是一个有用的工具，可以给你更多的希望和勇气。如果你发现自己在以你从未经历过的方式挣扎，或者在某种程度上你从未面对过，那么反思一下你以前做过的事情还是有帮助的)”说明反思过去度过的困难是有用处的，B项“反思过去你所克服的挑战”引出下文，符合题意。故选B。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节; 满分 30 分)
第一节(共 15 小题; 每小题 1 分, 满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Days earlier, Sarah Bellamy had received a mysterious email saying that a wealth management company was interested in discussing the financial crisis of Penumbra. Now, when she was____21____ to unload her groceries onto the conveyor belt(传送带), her phone rang. “They told me that MacKenzie Scott was ____22____ in investing Penumbra .” Bellamy remembers.
It was a familiar ____23____for hundreds of other nonprofit leaders—all ____24____the woman who has become one of the most____25____ and surprising philanthropists(慈善家)in the world. Her name is MacKenzie Scott—the writer, first Amazon employee, and former wife of company founder Jeff Bezose. However, ____26____Scott divorced, she has ____27____ more than $12 billion of her fortune to help others. As this story went to press, Scott had just ____28____ her latest money bomb, revealing in late March that she’d given away $3.9 billion.
Scott’s only ____29____of her recipients is that they help maintain her privacy. It’s impossible to _____30_____a Scott grant(拨款), to send her a thank-you note, or to contact her directly; she and her closest advisers almost never _____31_____ to requests for interviews. Even Bellamy has been _____32_____not to identify the person who informed them _____33_____her donations.
Rey Saldana, CEO of a network of nonprofits, says: “Scott is a person who _____34_____ a significant amount of power by the value of her wealth and understands how to actually _____35_____ power.”
21. A. preparing B. thinking C. enjoying D. picking
22. A. absorbed B. devoted C. interested D. frustrated
23. A. doubt B. experience C. scenery D. pattern
24. A. relate to B. thanks to C. link to D. adjust to
25. A. pleased B. troubling C. happy D. generous
26. A. because B. if C. as D. although
27. A. given away B. given off C. given out D. given in
28. A. agreed B. donated C. passed D. worked
29. A. demand B. click C. pressure D. application
30. A. adapt to B. apply for C. focus on D. fix on
31. A. devote B. write C. respond D. link
32. A. allowed B. permitted C. asked D. wanted
33. A. in B. on C. under D. of
34. A. holds B. comments C. judges D. identifies
35. A. preserve B. serve C. handle D. share
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了慷慨的女性慈善家MacKenzie Scott捐出巨额的个人财产，帮助缺乏资金支持的众多非营利机构渡过难关的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，她正准备把购买的商品放在传送带时，电话突然响了。A. preparing准备；B. thinking认为；C. enjoying喜欢；D. picking挑选；采摘。根据下文“to unload her groceries onto the conveyor belt”可知，Sarah Bellamy正准备购物结账时，电话响了。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们告诉我，MacKenzie Scott对在Penumbra的投资很感兴趣。A. absorbed全神贯注的；B. devoted敬业的；C. interested感兴趣的；D. frustrated沮丧的。根据“Days earlier, Sarah Bellamy had received a mysterious email saying that a wealth management company was interested in discussing the financial crisis of Penumbra.”可知，MacKenzie Scott对在Penumbra的投资很感兴趣。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对数以百计的非营利结构领导人来说，这是非常熟悉的经历——这些都由于一位女士，她已经成为世界上最慷慨的慈善家之一。A. doubt怀疑；B. experience经历；经验；C. scenery风景；D. pattern模式。根据下文“However, ____6____Scott divorced, she has ____7____ more than $12 billion of her fortune to help others.”可知，很多曾经受到过MacKenzie Scott捐款帮助的非营利机构，都是接到了一通神秘的电话，被告知他们可以得到资金支持，这是非常熟悉的经历。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：对数以百计的非营利结构领导人来说，这是非常熟悉的经历——这些都由于一位女士，她已经成为世界上最慷慨的慈善家之一。A. relate to与……相关；B. thanks to由于；C. link to与……相连；D. adjust to调节。根据下文“the woman”和文章提到的MacKenzie Scott将自己的财产捐给有需要的人可知，此处表示由于MacKenzie Scott，一些非盈利组织都接到电话给他们捐款。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对数以百计的非营利结构领导人来说，这是非常熟悉的经历——这些都由于一位女士，她已经成为世界上最慷慨的慈善家之一。A. pleased高兴的；B. troubling令人烦恼的；C. happy快乐的；D. generous慷慨的。根据下文“surprising philanthropists(慈善家)”可知，MacKenzie Scott是一位慷慨的慈善家。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：MacKenzie Scott离婚的时候，就已经捐出了120亿个人财产来帮助他人。A. because因为；B. if如果；C. as当；D. although尽管。根据下文“Scott divorced, she has_____7_______more than $12 billion of her fortune to help others.”可知，此处指当MacKenzie Scott离婚的时候，她就已经捐出了120亿个人财产来帮助他人。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：MacKenzie Scott离婚的时候，就已经捐出了120亿个人财产来帮助他人。A. given away捐赠；B. given off散发（气味）；发出（光）；C. given out分发；D. given in屈服。根据“revealing in late March that she’d given away $3.9 billion”可知，此处表示离婚时，MacKenzie Scott已经捐出高达120亿的财产。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当这个事情登报之后，MacKenzie Scott在三月下旬透露，她最近刚捐出一笔39亿的巨款。A. agreed同意；B. donated捐献；C. passed通过；D. worked工作。根据“she’d given away $3.9 billion”可知，此处指MacKenzie Scott截止到三月已经捐出39亿的巨款。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：MacKenzie Scott对受捐人唯一的要求就是他们要保护她的个人隐私。A. demand要求；B. click点击；C. pressure压力；D. application应用；申请。根据下文“they help maintain her privacy”可知，MacKenzie Scott捐款只是要求受捐人替她保守自己的身份信息。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：不能向MacKenzie Scott申请拨款，邮寄致谢便条或者直接联系她。A. adapt to适应；B. apply for申请；C. focus on集中注意力于；D. fix on选定。根据前文“they help maintain her privacy”和下文“she and her closest advisers almost never ____11____ to requests for interviews.”可知，MacKenzie Scott非常注重自己的隐私，当然更不会对来路不明的申请做出回应。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她与最亲近顾问几乎从未对访谈邀约作出回应。A. devote奉献；B. write写；C. respond回应；D. link连接。根据下文“Even Bellamy has been ____12____not to identify the person who informed them ____13____her donations.”可知，MacKenzie Scott平时不喜欢抛头露面，非常低调，不愿回应人们的采访。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Bellamy甚至都被要求不要指认告知他们捐款事宜的人。A. allowed允许；B. permitted允许；C. asked询问；要求；D. wanted想要。根据上文“Scott’s only ____9____of her recipients is that they help maintain her privacy”可知，MacKenzie Scott会要求受捐人替她保守隐私，甚至要求他们对身边的工作人员的身份也要守口如瓶。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：Bellamy甚至都被要求不要指认告知他们捐款事宜的人。A. in在……里面；B. on在……上面；C. under在……下面；D. of……的。根据固定搭配inform sb of sth“告知某人某事”可知，该空格处指工作人员告知受捐人有关捐款事宜。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯科特因其卓越的财富观，拥有巨大的能量，并且懂得如何分享这份力量。A. holds握；抱；怀有；B. comments评论；C. judges判断；D. identifies识别。根据前文“the woman who has become one of the most____5____ and surprising philanthropists(慈善家)in the world.”可知，斯科特因其巨额的财富和慷慨慈善的义举，拥有巨大的能量和影响力。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯科特因其卓越的财富观，拥有巨大的能量，并且懂得如何分享这份力量。A. preserve保存；B. serve服务；充当；C. handle应对；D. share分享。根据上文“Scott divorced, she has ____7____ more than $12 billion of her fortune to help others. As this story went to press, Scott had just ____8____ her latest money bomb, revealing in late March that she’d given away $3.9 billion.”可知，斯科特慷慨捐献出巨额善款，将自己的力量分享给那些需要帮助的人。故选D项。

第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Rainbows are often seen as signs of hope. And we are likely to see more of them due to global warming, according to a new study ____36____(publish) in the journal Global Environmental Change.
____37____ (gather)121,558 rainbow pictures from the internet taken between 2004 and 2019, the research team then used the____38____ (photo) to form a database which allowed the researchers ____39____ (learn) the patterns of how rainbows occur.
Rainbows only appear with a suitable angle of the sun, rainfall and less clouds. Due to the emission of greenhouse gases, there will be more rainfall and less clouds, ____40____ can lead to more rainbows in the future.
The team also predicted that global rainbow ____41____ (occur) might increase by 4 to 5 percent by 2100. ____42____, some places in the world may witness fewer rainbows. For example, the climate in tropical areas in Africa and South America may be ____43____ (dry) with less rainfall.
The researchers also called on more studies about how people’s lives can ____44____ (affect), apart from the changes _____45_____which we are already familiar. “Shifts in intangible (无形的)parts of our environment - such as sound and light - are part of these changes and deserve more attention from researchers,” the lead author of the study Kimberly Carlson said to Science X Network.
【答案】36. published
37. Gathering
38. photos 39. to learn
40. which 41. occurrence
42. However
43. drier 44. be affected
45. with
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了在未来的时间里，由于全球变暖，降雨会更多而云会更少，彩虹也会更多的出现。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：彩虹常被视为希望象征。根据发表在《全球环境变化》杂志上的一项新研究，由于全球变暖，我们可能会看到更多的彩虹。根据句子成分分析，本句的谓语动词是前面的are，而publish在这里是非谓语，逻辑主语new study与publish之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式作定语。故填published。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：研究团队收集了2004年至2019年间在互联网上拍摄的121558张彩虹照片，然后用这些照片形成了一个数据库，使研究人员能够了解彩虹是如何发生的。句子的谓语动词是used，因此横线上的gather是非谓语，逻辑主语the research team和gather之间是主动关系，故gather用现在分词形式，且置于句首首字母大写。故填Gathering。
【38题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：研究团队收集了2004年至2019年间在互联网上拍摄121558张彩虹照片，然后用这些照片形成了一个数据库，使研究人员能够了解彩虹是如何发生的。根据前面的121,558 rainbow pictures可知这里的照片说的是复数，photo可数，用复数形式。故填photos。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：研究团队收集了2004年至2019年间在互联网上拍摄的121558张彩虹照片，然后用这些照片形成了一个数据库，使研究人员能够了解彩虹是如何发生的。这里是用动词不定式作allow后的宾语补足语，即allow sb. to do sth.。故填to learn。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：彩虹只有在太阳角度合适、降雨少、云层少的情况下才会出现。由于温室气体的排放，将会有更多的降雨和更少的云，这可能会导致未来有更多的彩虹出现。根据句子成分分析，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句there will be more rainfall and less clouds，从句中作主语，用which来引导从句。故填which。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：该团队还预测，到2100年，全球彩虹的出现率可能会增加4%到5%。该句中that后是一个宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少主语，故横线上要用名词形式，occur的名词形式为occurrence，不可数名词。故填occurrence。
【42题详解】
考查连词。句意：然而，世界上一些地方可能会看到更少的彩虹。根据前文的increase by 4 to 5 percent by 2100以及本句的fewer rainbows可知，这里是一个转折，横线上填一个副词表示转折，有逗号与主句分开，且置于句首首字母要大写。故填However。
【43题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：例如，非洲和南美洲热带地区的气候可能更干燥，降雨量更少。根据后面的less rainfall可知，前面说的是更加干燥，要用dry的比较级。故填drier。
【44题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：研究人员还呼吁，除了我们已经熟悉的变化之外，应该有更多关于人们生活如何受到影响的研究。这里横线上是句子的谓语动词，主语是people’s lives，主语和谓语动词affect之间是被动关系，故用被动结构be done，且置于情态动词can后be动词用原形即可。故填be affected。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：研究人员还呼吁，除了我们已经熟悉的变化之外，应该有更多关于人们生活如何受到影响的研究。横线后的which we are already familiar，是一个定语从句，先行词为changes，这里是把从句中的介词提前置于从句之前，be familiar with“对……感到熟悉”符合题意。故填with。
第四部分写作(共分两节，满分40分)
第一节：应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 校报英语编辑正在向全校学生征文，请你以“The place I Desire to Visit”为题，写一篇短文投稿，内容 包括：1. 城市印象;
2. 参观原因及规划;
3. 迫切心情。
注意： 1. 词数 100 左右; 2. 地点可以是城市，也可以是景点;3. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The place I Desire to Visit
Among a great deal of wonderful scenery, Chengdu is the very place that I want to visit. My reasons are as follows.
Above all, Chengdu is famous for it’s slow lifestyle, and people sitting in the yard and playing Mahjong together can be seen here and there. So it’s a great way to release ourselves from the rapidly changing world. Besides, the food there is worth a try such as spicy rabbit head and Dandan noodles, which are very popular specialty. Most importantly, the giant panda that is regarded as national treasure lives in Chengdu. People can watch them eating bamboos and having fun in the zoo. I am going to visit all the tourist attractions mentioned by many people.
I really hope to visit Chengdu one day and enjoy myself there!
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。要求学生给校报写征文，主要围绕自己想要去拜访的城市或景点，以及参观规划等方面来讲述。
【详解】1.词汇积累
风景：scenery → landscape/view/sight
因……而出名：be famous for → be known for
到处：here and there → everywhere
值得的：be worth →deserve
2.句式拓展：
简单句变强调句
原句：Above all, Chengdu is famous for it’s slow lifestyle, and people sitting in the yard and playing Mahjong together can be seen here and there.
拓展句：Above all, it is slow lifestyle that Chengdu is famous for, and people sitting in the yard and playing Mahjong together can be seen here and there.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Above all, Chengdu is famous for it’s slow lifestyle, and people sitting in the yard and playing Mahjong together can be seen here and there.（运用了现在分词作定语）
【高分句型2】Besides, the food there is worth a try such as spicy rabbit head and Dandan noodles, which are very popular specialty.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
第二节读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Getting It Right
On the April morning I found out about Lucy’s mother—Mrs. Hastings, it rained. A light, cooling sprinkle of tears that grayed the Texas sky. I didn’t know what kind of cancer Mrs. Hastings had until later, but I knew her condition was serious—very serious.
I love Mr. and Mrs. Hastings almost as much as I love my own parents, and Lucy is my best friend. But I didn’t want to go to school that day. And I sure didn’t want to see Lucy.
What could I possibly say to her? What do people say to their friends at such a time? I tried every trick I knew to get out of going to school. But Mom insisted.
“You have a history test this morning, Kristin,“ she said, looking at me as if she’d crawled into my mind and knew I was just making excuses. Then she smiled. “Be sure to stay close to Lucy, especially today, because that poor girl is going to need your strength.
Strength? What was Mother talking about? I had no strength. I didn’t even know what to say to my best friend. I hid out in the choir room between classes in hopes of avoiding Lucy, but she was never out of my thoughts. I kept trying to come up with something appropriate to say to her because I really wanted to get it right.
Lucy and I had last- period English in Mrs.Green’s room. I’d avoided her all day, I was going to have to face her last period, and I still didn’t have a plan. However, I worried needlessly because Lucy never showed up for class. When English class was over, Mrs. Green said, ”Kristin, Lucy Hastings is your best friend, and she is coming here in a few minutes to get her lesson assignments."
My heart tightened into a hard knot and I trembled inwardly. I still didn’t know what to say to Lucy, and time was running out.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
I ran out of the classroom, racing down the hall and out the front door of school.
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As I drew nearer to her, my throat tightened, making it impossible to speak.
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【答案】
I ran out of the classroom, racing down the hall and out the front door of school. I was so nervous to see her. I told myself to calm down and thought about what my mother had told me this morning. I said to myself, “I am her best friend. Encouraging her to face her mother’s illness bravely is what I should do.” I wrote down the words which I wanted to say, hoping my letter would comfort her and give her courage. After finishing the letter, a familiar figure came into my sight. That was Lucy. I ran to her immediately.
As I drew nearer to her, my throat tightened, making it impossible to speak. Lucy looked at me and tears dropped from her eyes. I hugged her and summoned up the courage to say, “I am sorry to know your mother’s illness. Remember whenever you need help, I will be your side. Be brave and don’t let your mother down.” Then I handed my letter to her. Lucy took over it and held my hand tightly.
【解析】
【导语】本文以事件为线索展开，讲述了作者得知好友露西的母亲得了很严重的癌症，作者不敢面对好友所以一直在挣扎之中，当在学校的时候和露西碰面时，作者终于鼓起勇气对露西进行安慰的事情。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我跑出教室，跑过大厅并且出了学校前门。”可知，第一段可描写作者急切盼望见到露西和内心的挣扎。
②由第二段首句内容“当我见到她我的嗓子发紧，几乎说不出话来。”可知，第二段可描写作者给予露西安慰并鼓励她。
2.续写线索：得知露西妈妈得了癌症的消息——不想面对露西——妈妈给作者建议——作者试图在学校逃避露西——等待露西——安慰露西
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.鼓起勇气：summoned up the courage /pluck up the courage
②.拥抱：hug/embrace
③.写下：write down /set down
情绪类
①.勇敢地：bravely /courageously
②.紧张的：nervous /intense
【点睛】[高分句型1]. I wrote down the words which I want to say, hoping my letter would comfort her and give her courage. （由关系代词which引导的定语从句及现在分词作结果状语）
[高分句型2]. Encouraging her to face her mother’s illness bravely is what I should do. （动名词作主语及连接代词what引导的表语从句）