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2022-2023学年广东省广州市荔湾区广雅中学高一（上）期末英语试卷(含答案解析)
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这是一份2022-2023学年广东省广州市荔湾区广雅中学高一（上）期末英语试卷(含答案解析)，共16页。
2022-2023学年广东省广州市荔湾区广雅中学高一（上）期末英语试卷
A
阅读下列短⽂，从 1-15 每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂⿊。
Reading Club Volunteers Wanted
Grade Level Coordinators （协调员）
They are responsible for making volunteers join in discussions about reading skills.They answer questions about the rules of the reading club and try to make sure that all volunteer teams are having a fun reading club experience.Grade Level Coordinators often serve as readers as well，so volunteers wishing to join us must have read with us at least three times.They arrive at 8：30 am.
Training Coordinators
They are responsible for helping the teachers with new volunteer training in how to be better prepared and more effective in the classroom with the kids.Volunteers who have a love for public speaking are encouraged to contact us about helping as Training Coordinators.Training Coordinators arrive at 8：30 am.
Site Operations Helpers
Site Operations Helpers arrive at 8：00 am.Some will help to give out supplies or give books away
to the children.Some will help to direct the volunteers to the proper grade level table and sign them in.The others may help sign the children in and assign （分配） them to their reading club rooms.They can ask for help from Site Coordinators if needed.
Site Coordinators
They arrive at 8：00 am and make sure that the facilities，books，supplies，and volunteer teams are all ready so that the children can enjoy a fun day of reading and crafts （⼿艺）.They greet arriving volunteers and answer any questions.Volunteers who are familiar with the reading club are encouraged to contact us about serving as Site Coordinators.
1. What is a Grade Level Coordinator required to have？ ______
A. Skills of handling pressure.
B. The interest in working with kids.
C. The ability to work independently.
D. Former experiences as this club's reader.
2. In which position may one learn more classroom management skills？ ______
A. Site Coordinators. B. Training Coordinators.
C. Site Operations Helpers. D. Grade Level Coordinators.
3. What do volunteers need to do as Site Coordinators？ ______
A. Help sign all arriving volunteers in.
B. Help teachers in teaching reading skills.
C. Prepare the materials needed for the activities.
D. Guide children into the right classrooms.
B
The 60-foot-tall rocket took off in West Texas，sending a group of six people into space and giving them a few minutes of weightlessness before they landed by parachute （降落伞）.
Most of the passengers paid a secret sum of money for their seats.But Katya Echazarreta，an engineer and science communicator，was selected by a nonprofit organization to join this travel from a pool of thousands of applicants （申请 ⼈）.The organization's goal is to send great leaders into space and allow them to experience the overview effect，which was reported by astronauts who say that viewing the Earth from space gives them a great change in their view.
"Looking down，you see everyone is down there，all of our past，all of our difficulties，
everything — everything is there，" Echazarreta said. "When I came back down，it just completely strengthened my wish to continue enabling people of different backgrounds to go into space and do whatever they want to do."
Echazarreta is the first Mexican-born woman to travel into space.She moved to the United States with her family at the age of seven.She recalled （回忆说） that she felt uncertain in a new place where she didn't speak the language and that a teacher warned her she might have to repeat a grade. "It just really me and after that，I just studied harder，"Echazarreta said.Later she was the main breadwinner in her family.She had sometimes up to four jobs at the same time，just to try to successfully graduate from college.
She worked in NASA before and didn't see other female engineers like her，which inspired her to popularize science among the public.These days，Echazarreta is studying for her master's degree in engineering at Johns Hopkins University.She also has a following of more than 330，000 fans on TikTok，and hosts a science-focused YouTube series.
4. Why was Echazarreta chosen to travel into space？ ______
A. She made great efforts to set up a nonprofit organization.
B. She supported the project with a big sum of money.
C. She was considered to be an excellent woman.
D. She was an expert in space science.
5. What was in Echazarreta's mind after she returned from space travel？ ______
A. To make women scientists known to the public.
B. To share the beauty of space on social media.
C. To encourage the public to learn science.
D. To help more people travel into space.
6. Which of the following can replace the word "fueled"in Paragraph 4？ ______
A. Beat. B. Drove. C. Confused. D. Attracted.
7. What kind of person is probably Echazarreta？ ______
A. Inspiring and hardworking. B. Humorous and outgoing.
C. Talented and creative. D. Calm and confident.
C
Do you sometimes pay no attention to your mom while chatting with friends？If you're a teen，that's fairly common.And new research may explain why so many adolescents （⻘少年） stop listening to their moms' voices.
The researchers studied the brains of 7- to 16-year-old kids as they listened to things said by their mothers or by unfamiliar women.As the kids listened，certain parts of their brains became active.This was especially true in brain regions that help us to pay attention.
Daniel Abrams，a scientist，and his co-workers already knew that younger kids' brains
respond （反应） more strongly to their moms' voices than to strangers'. "In adolescence，we show the exact opposite of that，" Abrams says.For teens，these brain regions respond more to unfamiliar voices than to their moms'. "As a teen，you don't know you're doing this.You're just being you：You've got your new friends and you want to spend time with them.You take more notice of these unfamiliar voices，" Abrams adds.
These areas in the adolescent brain don't stop responding to Mom.It's just that
unfamiliar voices become more attractive and then are worthy of attention.As kids grow up，they expand （扩 ⼤ ） their social connections way beyond their family.So their brains need to begin paying more attention to that wider world. "That's exactly what it should be like，"
Abrams says.
The brain seems to adapt to new needs that come with adolescence. "As we grow up，our survival depends less and less on our mother's support，" says Leslie Seltzer，a scientist. "Instead，we depend more and more on our friends and others at the same age as us." So while both teens and their parents may sometimes feel sad about missed messages，that's okay.This is how the adolescent brain works，and there's a good reason for it.
8. What does the research focus on？ ______
A. The adolescents' brain development.
B. The teens' response to their mothers' voices.
C. The relationship between kids and their mothers.
D. The influence of mothers on their kids' characters.
9. What do Abrams's words in Paragraph 3 suggest？ ______
A. Teens' mind tends to be attracted to unfamiliar voices.
B. Teens' brain activity is closely related to their ages.
C. Teens usually have a bad relationship with their parents.
D. Teens sometimes have difficulty focusing their attention.
10. Which of the following can explain the obvious feature of the adolescent brain？ ______
A. Teens' great pressure of study.
B. Teens' wish to live an independent life.
C. Teens' increasing focus on new things.
D. Teens' discomfort of talking with their parents.
11. What is the author's opinion on the change in teens'social preferences？ ______
A. It can increase their brain activity.
B. It is confusing.
C. It leads to failure in later life.
D. It is understandable.
D
One thing that is missing from most children's education these days is natural history.By that，I mean getting out into nature and digging in the dirt，catching insects and learning
the names of animals and trees.
No amount of book- or computer-based learning can ever take the place of the first-hand experience of messing around in the wilderness.As biologist Elaine Brooks says in Richard Louv's book，Last Child in the Woods，humans seldom value what they cannot name.Children must become familiar with nature，or else they will not understand why it needs to be protected.
But how does one teach a child to know nature？A new series of educational books called Outdoor School might be able to help.This series includes three textbooks，all of which offer a wealth of facts，skills，and pictures about the natural world to curious children.Titled Animal Watching，Hiking and Camping，and Rock，Fossil，and Shell Hunting，the books provide pages for making observations，answering questions，and reflecting （深思）on what the child has learned.Kids will learn how to identify wildflowers，build a rock collection，set up a tent and so much more.
As a parent who has been homeschooling my kids for the past few months，these books have come in handy.I use Animal Watching as part of their daily lesson plan，requiring my kids to read one chapter （章） a day and take part in the activities outlined in the book.It has become the highlight of their day.They head outside with the book and pencil in hand and observe the comings and goings of birds and small animals in our yard or the parks.
The series suits children living in all sorts of environments.There is plenty of information about animals，rocks and shells that can easily be found in urban parks or shorelines.Outdoor School does more than just get kids out into nature；it provides them with the tools to explore and understand it.
12. What does the author stress in the second paragraph？ ______
A. Being close to nature raises children's environmental awareness.
B. Mastering some basic life skills is difficult for children.
C. Outdoor activities can improve children's creativity.
D. Children should learn about nature in fun ways.
13. How does Outdoor School benefit children？ ______
A. It teaches them to draw pictures for stories.
B. It offers careful guidance on their school life.
C. It recommends some interesting camping activities.
D. It strengthens their nature education with useful methods.
14. What is mainly mentioned about the author's kids？ ______
A. Playtime makes them stay energetic.
B. They are under great pressure to study.
C. They are afraid to touch unfamiliar animals.
D. Reading increases their interest in exploring nature.
15. What probably is the text？ ______
A. A news report. B. A book review.
C. A scientific study. D. An advertisement.
阅读下⾯短⽂，从短⽂后的选项中选出可以填⼊空⽩处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Doing well in science depends on developing effective （有效的） study skills and learning to participate in class.If you've got good study skills in other courses，you'll be ableto use them to do well in science.
Read the assigned （指定的） material.When your teacher assigns you to read something from a textbook，take time to read it before you come to class.If you don't have time to read it well，it's a good idea to look through it so that you have an idea of what it's about. (1)
Take clear，organized notes.The notes you take in class will help you know what to study between classes. (2) Instead，pay careful attention to any information your teacher suggests is likely to be included on tests.Besides，recording a lecture will allow you to go back and hear it again.
Refer to various sources.When studying your notes，you can not only refer to the textbooks but use Internet searches to deepen your understanding. (3) For example，Khan Academy is a good source for many scientific topics.
Be prepared for the lab.Many science classes include labs，which are demonstrations（证明） of techniques you've learned. (4) Read the instructions for the lab before class.
Bring all necessary materials to your lab.Dressing properly will also be important for your success in labs.
(5) In most cases，lab experiments are meant to be done by a group of 2 or more students.This means that you probably won't have time to do the whole experiment on your own，and will need to rely on the group's efforts.
A.Reread your notes after class.
B.Work effectively with others.
C.Don't try to write down everything that the teacher says.
D.Make sure you carry out experiments in a proper and safe way.
E.Your report should show the data you found through your research.
F.Then you'll be prepared to answer questions and take part in discussions.
G.Sometimes your subject matter will be better explained by another source
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
阅读下⾯短⽂，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填⼊空⽩处的最佳选项。
In the summer of 2020，I was leading eight junior high kids through the Appalachian Mountains.For a young teacher，that was a lot of(21) .
When I was a teenager，time in the woods meant(22) from my difficult home life.The sights and sounds of nature(23) the condemning （指责的） voices I'd grown up
hearing at home.But I could never completely(24) them，especially when others were depending on me.
We were having a（n）(25) camping trip.I used our hike through the woods to(26) the kids and they all were interested.Suddenly，one of the girls in the group called (27)， "Mr.Heim，my compass says we're walking south." That was impossible.I'd repeatedly (28) our position on the map.I couldn't be so(29) that I was leading my students in the opposite direction，could I？
I kept my face calm，but condemning voices had already (30) in my head.The kids were (31)， and their leader had no idea which way to go.What a（n） (32) I was!We'd just started walking again when I saw a hiker.He told us exactly where we were.Then he(33) us， "You're heading in the right direction.Just keep following this path and you'll reach base camp by nightfall." His words made me regain my (34) .At that moment，I realized I had to learn to believe myself and not let my inner barriers （障碍） influence my(35) in the future.
21. A. comparison B. satisfaction C. responsibility D. failure
22. A. freedom B. tiredness C. safety D. suffering
23. A. caused B. organized C. raised D. quieted
24. A. think of B. search for C. get over D. believe in
25. A. smooth B. confusing C. terrible D. unfair
26. A. refuse B. inspire C. describe D. separate
27. A. proudly B. thankfully C. excitedly D. anxiously
28. A. checked B. exchanged C. planned D. translated
29. A. careful B. unprofessional C. impolite D. dishonest
30. A. disappeared B. hidden C. rested D. started
31. A. similar B. bored C. helpless D. suitable
32. A. loser B. actor C. winner D. expert
33. A. warned B. introduced C. admired D. comforted
34. A. health B. confidence C. regret D. kindness
35. A. honor B. imagination C. judgment D. pleasure
36. 阅读下⾯短⽂，在空⽩处填⼊ 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
David Jones Jr.loves outdoor activities.One day，he (1) （ fish） when he heard screams coming from the river.Within seconds，he found a boy floating in the middle of the river. "I had that sense of urgency that I needed to drop (2) I was doing and kayaked （划⽪艇） over there，" said David.
(3) was David's experience in law enforcement （执⾏） that helped him to stay calm and make the proper decision during the serious situation.He quickly saved the child and took him back to (4) （ safe） 300 yards away.In an interview，David said， "That kid is really strong and should (5) （ praise）.For him，to scream as loudly as he could in that matter allowed him (6) （ get） help."
The boy later told the policeman that he got separated (7) his dad's sailboat and drifted （漂流） away.And he had (8) （ confident） told his parent before that he would swim back to shore，but he was not able to do so due to the (9) （ power） wind and waves.He hoped other swimming (10) （ lover） could learn a lesson from his experience.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、B、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章Grade Level Coordinator这一部分Grade Level Coordinators often serve as readers as well，so volunteers wishing to join us must have read with us at least three times（年级协调人通常也会担任读书人，因此有意加入我们的志愿者必须有至少三次与我们一起阅读的经历）可知，志愿者需要有俱乐部读者的阅读经历。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章Training Coordinators这一部分They are responsible for helping the teachers with new volunteer training in how to be better prepared and more effective in the classroom with the kids（他们负责帮助老师进行新的志愿者培训，让他们在课堂上更好地准备和更有效地与孩子们在一起）可知，Training Coordinators可以学习到课堂管理技巧。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章Site Coordinators这一部分They arrive at 8：00 am and make sure that the facilities，books，supplies，and volunteer teams are all ready so that the children can enjoy a fun day of reading and crafts.（他们早上8点到达，确保设施、书籍、用品和志愿者团队都准备好了，这样孩子们就可以享受阅读和手工的快乐一天）可知，Site Coordinators可以帮助准备好所需的资料。故选C。
本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了读书会招聘四个职位的志愿者。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
4~7.【答案】C、D、B、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段But Katya Echazarreta，an engineer and science communicator，was selected by a nonprofit organization to join this travel from a pool of thousands of applicants （申请人）.The organization's goal is to send great leaders into spaceand allow them to experience the overview effect，which was reported by astronauts who say that viewing the Earth from space gives them a great change in their view. （但Katya Echarreta，一名工程师和科学传播者，被一个非营利组织从成千上万的申请者中挑选出来参加这次旅行。该组织的目标是将伟大的领袖送入太空，让他们体验概览效应，宇航员曾报道过这一点，他们表示从太空观察地球会让他们的观点发生巨大变化。）可知，工程师和科学传播者Katya Echazarreta应该是自己行业内一位优秀的领袖，因此很优秀。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段When I came back down，it just completely strengthened my wish to continue enabling people of different backgrounds to go into space and do whatever they want to do. （当我回来的时候，这完全加强了我的愿望：继续让不同背景的人进入太空，做他们想做的任何事。）可知，从太空回来之后，Echazarreta想帮助更多的人进入太空。故选D。
（3）词句猜测题。根据第四段划线词所在的倒数第三句的后部分and after that，I just studied harder （而且自那以后，我只是更努力地学习）可知，老师威胁她要留级反而激励了她努力学习，可知划线单词所在句子It just really me and after that，I just studied harder的意思是：这真的激励了我，在那之后，我更加努力地学习。因此划线单词的意思是：驱使，鼓励。A.Beat打败；B.Drove驱使；C.Confused使迷惑；D.Attracted吸引中。选择B项合适。故选B。
（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段These days，Echazarreta is studying for her master's degree in engineering at Johns Hopkins University.She also has a following of more than 30，000 fans on TikTok，and hosts a science-focused YouTube series. （最近，Echazarreta正在约翰.霍普金斯大学攻读工程硕士学位。她还在TikTok 上拥有超过33万粉丝，并主持了一个以科学为主题的YouTube系列节目。）可知，Echazarreta本来就很优秀的还在攻读学位，而且有那么多的粉丝，这说明她很勤奋，而且她所做的事鼓舞人心，让大家备受鼓舞。 A.Inspiring and hardworking.鼓舞人心和努力工作的；B.Humorous and outgoing.幽默外向的；C.Talented and creative.才华横溢且富有创造力的；D.Calm and confident.冷静而自信的。故洗A。
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Katya Echazarreta作为优秀代表被选入去太空，返回地球后她开始致力于推广这一事业，以期更多的人能体验上太空。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
8~11.【答案】B、A、C、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段And new research may explain why so many adolescents stop listening to their moms'voices.（新的研究或许可以解释为什么这么多青少年不再听妈妈的声音。）可知，这项新研究关注的是青少年对妈妈的声音的回应。故选B项。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段You're just being youYou've got your new friends and you want to spend time with them.You take more notice of these unfamiliar voices，" Abrams adds.（"你只是在做你自己：有了新朋友，你想和他们待在一起。你会更加注意这些陌生的声音，"Abrams补充道。）可知， Abrams的话表明青少年往往被不熟悉的声音吸引。故选A项。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段So their brains need to begin paying more attention to that wider world."That's exactly what it should be like，" Abrams says（所以他们的大脑需要开始更多地关注这个更广阔的世界。Abrams说： "这正是它应该有的样子。"）可知，导致青少年大脑这种明显特征的原因是他们越来越关注新鲜的事物。故选C项。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段This is how the adolescent brain works，and there's a good reason for t.（这就是青少年大脑的工作方式，这是有原因的。）可知，对于青少年社交偏好上的改变，作者认为这是合乎情理的，可理解的。A.It can increase their brain activity.它可以增加他们的大脑活动；B.It is confusing.这令人困惑的；C.It leads to failure in later life.它会在以后的生活中导致失败；D.It is understandable.这是可以理解的。故选D项。
这是一篇说明文。研究表明，青少年有时忽略妈妈的声音（话语），是因为在这一个阶段，他们需要探索更广泛的世界，大脑的注意力也更关注不熟悉的声音。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
12~15.【答案】A、D、D、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Children must become familiar with nature，or else they will not understand why it needs to be protected.（孩子们必须熟悉大自然，否则他们不会理解为什么需要保护大自然。）可知，作者在第二段强调让孩子们接近大自然能提高孩子的环保意识。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段 But how does one teach a child to know nature？A new series of educational books called Outdoor School might be able to help.This series includes three textbooks，all of which offer a wealth of facts，skills，and pictures about the natural world to curious children.Titled Animal Watching，Hiking and Camping，and Rock，Fossil，and Shell Hunting，the books provide pages for making observations，answering questions，and reflecting （深思）on what the child has learned.（但是如何教一个孩子认识自然呢？一个叫做Outdoor School的新系列教育书籍可能会有所帮助。这一系列包括三本教科书，所有这些教科书都为好奇的孩子提供了丰富的事实、技能和有关自然世界的图片。书名为《观察动物》，徒步旅行和露营》，以及《岩石，化石和贝壳狩猎》提供了观察、回答问题和反思孩子所学的内容。）可知，Outdoor School系列丛书用有益的方法加强自然教育。因此D.It strengthens their nature education with useful methods.（它用有用的方法加强他们的自然教育。）符合题意。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段I use Animal Watching as part of their daily lesson plan，requiring my kids to read one chapter （ 章 ） a day and take part in the activities outlined in the book.It has become the highlight of their day.They head outside with the book and pencil in hand and observe the comings and goings of birds and small animals in our yard or the parks.（我把《观察动物》作为他们日常教学计划的一部分，要求我的孩子每天阅读一章，并参加书中概述的活动。这已经成为他们一天中的亮点。他们手里拿着书和铅笔走到外面，观察我们院子里或公园里鸟儿和小动物的来来往往。）可知，作者的孩子们通过阅读，增加了他们探索自然的兴趣。故选D。
（4）文章出处题。根据文章最后一段The series suits children living in all sorts of environments.There is plenty of information about animals，rocks and shells that can easily be found in urban parks or shorelines.Outdoor School does more than just get kids out into nature；it provides them with the tools to explore and understand it.（该系列适合生活在各种环境中的儿童。有大量关于动物、岩石和贝壳的信息，可以很容易地在城市公园或海岸线找到。户外学校不仅仅是让孩子们走进大自然；它为他们提供了探索和理解它的工具。）可知本文为了帮助孩子们了解大自然，本文介绍了"Outdoor School"儿童系列丛书。说明本文是一篇书评。A.A news report.新闻报道；B.A book review.书评；C.A scientific study.一项科学研究；D.An advertisement.一个广告。故选B。
这是一篇说明文。为了帮助孩子们了解大自然，本文介绍了"Outdoor School"儿童系列丛书。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
16~20.【答案】F、C、G、D、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据前句When your teacher assigns you to read something from a textbook，take time to read it before you come to class.If you don't have time to read it well，it's a good idea to look through it so that you have an idea of what it's about（当你的老师让你读课本上的东西时，在你上课之前花点时间读一读。如果你没有时间好好读，最好把它读一遍，这样你就知道它是什么意思了），可知表示"然后你将准备好回答问题并参加讨论"的选项F符合前后的语境，read something from a textbook和answer questions and take part in discussions是关键词，故选F。
（2）推理判断题。根据前句The notes you take in class will help you know what to study between classes（你在课堂上做的笔记将帮助你知道在课间学习什么）；以及后句Instead，pay careful attention to any information your teacher suggests is likely to be included on tests（相反，要仔细注意老师建议的任何可能包含在考试中的信息），可知表示"不要试图把老师说的一切都写下来"的选项C可以起到承上启下的作用，故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据前文Refer to various sources.When studying your notes，you can not only refer to the textbooks but use Internet searches to deepen your understanding（参考各种来源。学习笔记时，你不仅可以参考课本，还可以使用互联网搜索来加深理解），可知表示"有时你的主题会被来源于另一个材料的内容更好地解释"的选项G符合前后的语境，various sources和another source是关键词，故选G。
（4）推理判断题。根据后句Read the instructions for the lab before class（上课前阅读实验室说明），可知表示"确保以正确、安全的方式进行实验"的选项D符合前后的语境，the instructions for the lab和carry out experiments in a proper and safe way是关键词，故选D。
（5）推理判断题。根据后文In most cases，lab experiments are meant to be done by a group of 2 or more students.This means that you probably won't have time to do the whole experiment on your own，and will need to rely on the group's efforts（在大多数情况下，实验室实验是由两个或更多的学生组成的小组完成的。这意味着你可能没有时间独自完成整个实验，需要依靠小组的努力），可知表示"与他人有效合作"的选项B符合前后的语境，a group of 2 or more students和with others是关键词，故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了几个在科学方面有效的学习技能。
这是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】C、A、D、C、A、B、D、A、B、D、C、A、D、B、C
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.comparison比较；B.satisfaction满意；C.responsibility责任；D.failure失败。句意：对于一个年轻的老师来说，这是很大的责任。由上文"In the summer of 2020，I was leading eight junior high kids through the Appalachian Mountains."可知，这是很大的责任，故选C。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.freedom自由，摆脱；B.tiredness疲劳；C.safety安全；D.suffering遭遇。句意：当我十几岁的时候，在树林里的时间意味着从我艰难的家庭生活中解脱出来。由下文" the condemning （指责的） voices I'd grown up hearing at home."可知，作者在森林里能让他摆脱艰难的家庭生活。故选A。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.caused引起；B.organized组织；C.raised养育；D.quieted使平静，平息，消除。句意：大自然的景象和声音消除了我从小在家里听到的谴责的声音。由上下文"The sights and sounds of nature（3）the condemning （指责的） voices I'd grown up hearing at home."可知，大自然的景象和声音消除了谴责声，故选D。
（4）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.think of想起；B.search for搜寻；C.get over克服；D.believe in信任。句意：但我永远无法完全克服它们，尤其是当别人都依赖我的时候。上文提到作者在受到家人指责时，会来到森林里，大自然的景象和声音消除了谴责声，由but可知，上下文是转折关系，作者无法克服内心的这些谴责。故选C。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.smooth顺利的；B.confusing令人困惑的；C.terrible可怕的；D.unfair不公平的。句意：我们正在进行一次顺利的野营旅行。下文"I used our hike through the woods to（6）the kids and they all were interested."描述了在森林徒步旅行时，野营旅行当时很顺利。故选A。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.refuse拒绝；B.inspire鼓舞；C.describe描写；D.separate使分离。句意：我用我们在树林里的徒步旅行来激励孩子们，他们都很感兴趣。由下文"the kids and they all were interested."可知，作者用徒步旅行来激励孩子们，故选B。
（7）考查副词及语境理解。A.proudly骄傲地；B.thankfully感激地；C.excitedly兴奋地；D.anxiously焦虑地。句意：突然，队伍中的一个女孩焦急地喊道："海姆先生，我的罗盘显示我们在向南走。"由下文"I was leading my students in the opposite direction，could I？"可知学生在焦急地告诉老师，故选D。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.checked检查；B.exchanged交换；C.planned计划；D.translated翻译。句意：我在地图上反复检查了我们的位置。由上文"That was impossible."可知，反复在地图上检查他们所在的位置。故选A。
（9）考查形容词及语境理解。A.careful小心的；B.unprofessional非专业的；C.impolite不礼貌的；D.dishonest不诚实的。句意：我不可能如此不专业以至于把我的学生引向了相反的方向，对吧？由下文"I was leading my students in the opposite direction，could I？"可知，作者认为自己不专业，故选B。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.disappeared消失；B.hidden隐藏；C.rested休息；D.started开始。句意：我保持着脸上的平静，但是谴责的声音已经在我脑海中响起。由but可知，上下文是转折关系，虽然作者表面故作镇定，但是内心已经开始谴责自己，故选D。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.similar相似的；B.bored无聊的；C.helpless无助的；D.suitable合适的。句意：孩子们很无助，他们的领路人也不知道该走哪条路。由下文"their leader had no idea which way to go."可知，孩子们应该感到很无助，故选C。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.loser失败者；B.actor演员；C.winner赢家；D.expert专家。句意：我真是个失败者！由上文"and their leader had no idea which way to go."可知，作者认为自己是个失败者，故选A。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.warned警告；B.introduced介绍；C.admired钦佩；D.comforted安慰。句意：然后他安慰我们说："你们正朝着正确的方向前进。"由下文"You're heading in the right direction"可知，这对作者来说是一种安慰，使他们感到放心，故选D。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.health健康；B.confidence自信心；C.regret后悔，遗憾；D.kindness友善。句意：他的话使我重拾了信心。上文"their leader had no idea which way to go."提到作者不知道往哪条路走，所以开始指责自己，认为自己是个失败者，在路人告诉作者他们正在往正确的方向走时，作者应该是重拾信心，故选B。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.honor荣幸；B.imagination想象力；C.judgment判断；D.pleasure快乐。句意：那一刻，我意识到我必须学会相信自己，不要让内心的障碍影响我未来的判断。故选C。
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者带领孩子们徒步旅行，但是当一个学生认为作者正往相反的方向走时，作者开始慌了，不断谴责自己，但是后来证明作者走的方向是对的，作者感悟到要学会相信自己，不要让内心的障碍影响未来的判断。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
36.【答案】【小题1】was fishing
【小题2】what
【小题3】It
【小题4】safety
【小题5】be praised
【小题6】to get
【小题7】from
【小题8】confidently
【小题9】powerful
【小题10】lovers
【解析】（1）考查动词时态。句意：有一天，他正在钓鱼的时候听到从河里传来的尖叫声。sb was/were doing when……"某人正在干某事，这时……"，为固定搭配，主语为名词单数，故助动词be使用was。故填was fishing。
（2）考查宾语从句。句意：大卫说："我有一种紧迫感，即我需要停下我正在做的事，划皮艇去那儿。"。此处动词drop"停止"后接宾语从句，宾语从句中缺宾语，表示"的……的事情"，所以用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故填what。
（3）考查强调句。句意：正是大卫法律执行的经历帮助了他能够保持冷静，并且能在严重情况时做出合适的决定。分析句意可知，包含了句型it was +被强调部分+that+其他成分的强调句句型，放在句首，所以开头字母要大写。故填It。
（4）考查不可数名词。句意：他很快地救下了孩子，并把他带到了大概300米开外的安全场所。形容词safe"安全的"需要使用名词形式，因为介词to后需要接名词作宾语，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填safety。
（5）考查被动语态。句意：大卫说："那个孩子真的很坚强，应该被表扬"。动词praise"表扬"需要被动语态，因为他和主语that kid"那个孩子是被动关系"，且在情态动词后，故be动词使用原形即可。故填be praised。
（6）考查动词不定式。句意：对他而言，在这件事发生时尽最大可能尖叫使得他获得帮助。动词get"获得"需要使用不定式形式，因为动词allow"使能够"的搭配为allow sb.to do sth."使得某人做某事"。故填to get。
（7）考查介词。句意：后来那个男孩告诉警察他和他爸爸的帆船分开了，然后飘走了。此处为固定搭配be separated from"与……分离"。故填from。
（8）考查副词。句意：之前他自信地告诉他的父母他将游回岸边，但是因为强风和浪花，他没能那样做。形容词confident"自信的"需要使用副词形式confidently，用于修饰动词told"告诉"。故填confidently。
（9）考查形容词。句意：之前他自信地告诉他的父母他将游回岸边，但是因为强风和浪花，他没能那样做。名词power"力量"需要改为形容词形式powerful"强有力的"，作定语修饰名词wind "风"。故填powerful。
（10）考查可数名词的复数。句意：他希望其他的游泳爱好者能够从他的经历中吸取教训。名词lover"爱好者"需要复数形式，因为空格前有修饰词other"其他的"表示复数概念。故填lovers。
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了英勇救人的故事：大卫在钓鱼的时候听到尖叫。他前去查看发现一个男孩飘在湖中间，急忙去救了他。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
2022-2023学年广东省广州市荔湾区广雅中学高一（上）期末英语试卷
A
阅读下列短⽂，从 1-15 每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂⿊。
Reading Club Volunteers Wanted
Grade Level Coordinators （协调员）
They are responsible for making volunteers join in discussions about reading skills.They answer questions about the rules of the reading club and try to make sure that all volunteer teams are having a fun reading club experience.Grade Level Coordinators often serve as readers as well，so volunteers wishing to join us must have read with us at least three times.They arrive at 8：30 am.
Training Coordinators
They are responsible for helping the teachers with new volunteer training in how to be better prepared and more effective in the classroom with the kids.Volunteers who have a love for public speaking are encouraged to contact us about helping as Training Coordinators.Training Coordinators arrive at 8：30 am.
Site Operations Helpers
Site Operations Helpers arrive at 8：00 am.Some will help to give out supplies or give books away
to the children.Some will help to direct the volunteers to the proper grade level table and sign them in.The others may help sign the children in and assign （分配） them to their reading club rooms.They can ask for help from Site Coordinators if needed.
Site Coordinators
They arrive at 8：00 am and make sure that the facilities，books，supplies，and volunteer teams are all ready so that the children can enjoy a fun day of reading and crafts （⼿艺）.They greet arriving volunteers and answer any questions.Volunteers who are familiar with the reading club are encouraged to contact us about serving as Site Coordinators.
1. What is a Grade Level Coordinator required to have？ ______
A. Skills of handling pressure.
B. The interest in working with kids.
C. The ability to work independently.
D. Former experiences as this club's reader.
2. In which position may one learn more classroom management skills？ ______
A. Site Coordinators. B. Training Coordinators.
C. Site Operations Helpers. D. Grade Level Coordinators.
3. What do volunteers need to do as Site Coordinators？ ______
A. Help sign all arriving volunteers in.
B. Help teachers in teaching reading skills.
C. Prepare the materials needed for the activities.
D. Guide children into the right classrooms.
B
The 60-foot-tall rocket took off in West Texas，sending a group of six people into space and giving them a few minutes of weightlessness before they landed by parachute （降落伞）.
Most of the passengers paid a secret sum of money for their seats.But Katya Echazarreta，an engineer and science communicator，was selected by a nonprofit organization to join this travel from a pool of thousands of applicants （申请 ⼈）.The organization's goal is to send great leaders into space and allow them to experience the overview effect，which was reported by astronauts who say that viewing the Earth from space gives them a great change in their view.
"Looking down，you see everyone is down there，all of our past，all of our difficulties，
everything — everything is there，" Echazarreta said. "When I came back down，it just completely strengthened my wish to continue enabling people of different backgrounds to go into space and do whatever they want to do."
Echazarreta is the first Mexican-born woman to travel into space.She moved to the United States with her family at the age of seven.She recalled （回忆说） that she felt uncertain in a new place where she didn't speak the language and that a teacher warned her she might have to repeat a grade. "It just really me and after that，I just studied harder，"Echazarreta said.Later she was the main breadwinner in her family.She had sometimes up to four jobs at the same time，just to try to successfully graduate from college.
She worked in NASA before and didn't see other female engineers like her，which inspired her to popularize science among the public.These days，Echazarreta is studying for her master's degree in engineering at Johns Hopkins University.She also has a following of more than 330，000 fans on TikTok，and hosts a science-focused YouTube series.
4. Why was Echazarreta chosen to travel into space？ ______
A. She made great efforts to set up a nonprofit organization.
B. She supported the project with a big sum of money.
C. She was considered to be an excellent woman.
D. She was an expert in space science.
5. What was in Echazarreta's mind after she returned from space travel？ ______
A. To make women scientists known to the public.
B. To share the beauty of space on social media.
C. To encourage the public to learn science.
D. To help more people travel into space.
6. Which of the following can replace the word "fueled"in Paragraph 4？ ______
A. Beat. B. Drove. C. Confused. D. Attracted.
7. What kind of person is probably Echazarreta？ ______
A. Inspiring and hardworking. B. Humorous and outgoing.
C. Talented and creative. D. Calm and confident.
C
Do you sometimes pay no attention to your mom while chatting with friends？If you're a teen，that's fairly common.And new research may explain why so many adolescents （⻘少年） stop listening to their moms' voices.
The researchers studied the brains of 7- to 16-year-old kids as they listened to things said by their mothers or by unfamiliar women.As the kids listened，certain parts of their brains became active.This was especially true in brain regions that help us to pay attention.
Daniel Abrams，a scientist，and his co-workers already knew that younger kids' brains
respond （反应） more strongly to their moms' voices than to strangers'. "In adolescence，we show the exact opposite of that，" Abrams says.For teens，these brain regions respond more to unfamiliar voices than to their moms'. "As a teen，you don't know you're doing this.You're just being you：You've got your new friends and you want to spend time with them.You take more notice of these unfamiliar voices，" Abrams adds.
These areas in the adolescent brain don't stop responding to Mom.It's just that
unfamiliar voices become more attractive and then are worthy of attention.As kids grow up，they expand （扩 ⼤ ） their social connections way beyond their family.So their brains need to begin paying more attention to that wider world. "That's exactly what it should be like，"
Abrams says.
The brain seems to adapt to new needs that come with adolescence. "As we grow up，our survival depends less and less on our mother's support，" says Leslie Seltzer，a scientist. "Instead，we depend more and more on our friends and others at the same age as us." So while both teens and their parents may sometimes feel sad about missed messages，that's okay.This is how the adolescent brain works，and there's a good reason for it.
8. What does the research focus on？ ______
A. The adolescents' brain development.
B. The teens' response to their mothers' voices.
C. The relationship between kids and their mothers.
D. The influence of mothers on their kids' characters.
9. What do Abrams's words in Paragraph 3 suggest？ ______
A. Teens' mind tends to be attracted to unfamiliar voices.
B. Teens' brain activity is closely related to their ages.
C. Teens usually have a bad relationship with their parents.
D. Teens sometimes have difficulty focusing their attention.
10. Which of the following can explain the obvious feature of the adolescent brain？ ______
A. Teens' great pressure of study.
B. Teens' wish to live an independent life.
C. Teens' increasing focus on new things.
D. Teens' discomfort of talking with their parents.
11. What is the author's opinion on the change in teens'social preferences？ ______
A. It can increase their brain activity.
B. It is confusing.
C. It leads to failure in later life.
D. It is understandable.
D
One thing that is missing from most children's education these days is natural history.By that，I mean getting out into nature and digging in the dirt，catching insects and learning
the names of animals and trees.
No amount of book- or computer-based learning can ever take the place of the first-hand experience of messing around in the wilderness.As biologist Elaine Brooks says in Richard Louv's book，Last Child in the Woods，humans seldom value what they cannot name.Children must become familiar with nature，or else they will not understand why it needs to be protected.
But how does one teach a child to know nature？A new series of educational books called Outdoor School might be able to help.This series includes three textbooks，all of which offer a wealth of facts，skills，and pictures about the natural world to curious children.Titled Animal Watching，Hiking and Camping，and Rock，Fossil，and Shell Hunting，the books provide pages for making observations，answering questions，and reflecting （深思）on what the child has learned.Kids will learn how to identify wildflowers，build a rock collection，set up a tent and so much more.
As a parent who has been homeschooling my kids for the past few months，these books have come in handy.I use Animal Watching as part of their daily lesson plan，requiring my kids to read one chapter （章） a day and take part in the activities outlined in the book.It has become the highlight of their day.They head outside with the book and pencil in hand and observe the comings and goings of birds and small animals in our yard or the parks.
The series suits children living in all sorts of environments.There is plenty of information about animals，rocks and shells that can easily be found in urban parks or shorelines.Outdoor School does more than just get kids out into nature；it provides them with the tools to explore and understand it.
12. What does the author stress in the second paragraph？ ______
A. Being close to nature raises children's environmental awareness.
B. Mastering some basic life skills is difficult for children.
C. Outdoor activities can improve children's creativity.
D. Children should learn about nature in fun ways.
13. How does Outdoor School benefit children？ ______
A. It teaches them to draw pictures for stories.
B. It offers careful guidance on their school life.
C. It recommends some interesting camping activities.
D. It strengthens their nature education with useful methods.
14. What is mainly mentioned about the author's kids？ ______
A. Playtime makes them stay energetic.
B. They are under great pressure to study.
C. They are afraid to touch unfamiliar animals.
D. Reading increases their interest in exploring nature.
15. What probably is the text？ ______
A. A news report. B. A book review.
C. A scientific study. D. An advertisement.
阅读下⾯短⽂，从短⽂后的选项中选出可以填⼊空⽩处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Doing well in science depends on developing effective （有效的） study skills and learning to participate in class.If you've got good study skills in other courses，you'll be ableto use them to do well in science.
Read the assigned （指定的） material.When your teacher assigns you to read something from a textbook，take time to read it before you come to class.If you don't have time to read it well，it's a good idea to look through it so that you have an idea of what it's about. (1)
Take clear，organized notes.The notes you take in class will help you know what to study between classes. (2) Instead，pay careful attention to any information your teacher suggests is likely to be included on tests.Besides，recording a lecture will allow you to go back and hear it again.
Refer to various sources.When studying your notes，you can not only refer to the textbooks but use Internet searches to deepen your understanding. (3) For example，Khan Academy is a good source for many scientific topics.
Be prepared for the lab.Many science classes include labs，which are demonstrations（证明） of techniques you've learned. (4) Read the instructions for the lab before class.
Bring all necessary materials to your lab.Dressing properly will also be important for your success in labs.
(5) In most cases，lab experiments are meant to be done by a group of 2 or more students.This means that you probably won't have time to do the whole experiment on your own，and will need to rely on the group's efforts.
A.Reread your notes after class.
B.Work effectively with others.
C.Don't try to write down everything that the teacher says.
D.Make sure you carry out experiments in a proper and safe way.
E.Your report should show the data you found through your research.
F.Then you'll be prepared to answer questions and take part in discussions.
G.Sometimes your subject matter will be better explained by another source
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
阅读下⾯短⽂，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填⼊空⽩处的最佳选项。
In the summer of 2020，I was leading eight junior high kids through the Appalachian Mountains.For a young teacher，that was a lot of(21) .
When I was a teenager，time in the woods meant(22) from my difficult home life.The sights and sounds of nature(23) the condemning （指责的） voices I'd grown up
hearing at home.But I could never completely(24) them，especially when others were depending on me.
We were having a（n）(25) camping trip.I used our hike through the woods to(26) the kids and they all were interested.Suddenly，one of the girls in the group called (27)， "Mr.Heim，my compass says we're walking south." That was impossible.I'd repeatedly (28) our position on the map.I couldn't be so(29) that I was leading my students in the opposite direction，could I？
I kept my face calm，but condemning voices had already (30) in my head.The kids were (31)， and their leader had no idea which way to go.What a（n） (32) I was!We'd just started walking again when I saw a hiker.He told us exactly where we were.Then he(33) us， "You're heading in the right direction.Just keep following this path and you'll reach base camp by nightfall." His words made me regain my (34) .At that moment，I realized I had to learn to believe myself and not let my inner barriers （障碍） influence my(35) in the future.
21. A. comparison B. satisfaction C. responsibility D. failure
22. A. freedom B. tiredness C. safety D. suffering
23. A. caused B. organized C. raised D. quieted
24. A. think of B. search for C. get over D. believe in
25. A. smooth B. confusing C. terrible D. unfair
26. A. refuse B. inspire C. describe D. separate
27. A. proudly B. thankfully C. excitedly D. anxiously
28. A. checked B. exchanged C. planned D. translated
29. A. careful B. unprofessional C. impolite D. dishonest
30. A. disappeared B. hidden C. rested D. started
31. A. similar B. bored C. helpless D. suitable
32. A. loser B. actor C. winner D. expert
33. A. warned B. introduced C. admired D. comforted
34. A. health B. confidence C. regret D. kindness
35. A. honor B. imagination C. judgment D. pleasure
36. 阅读下⾯短⽂，在空⽩处填⼊ 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
David Jones Jr.loves outdoor activities.One day，he (1) （ fish） when he heard screams coming from the river.Within seconds，he found a boy floating in the middle of the river. "I had that sense of urgency that I needed to drop (2) I was doing and kayaked （划⽪艇） over there，" said David.
(3) was David's experience in law enforcement （执⾏） that helped him to stay calm and make the proper decision during the serious situation.He quickly saved the child and took him back to (4) （ safe） 300 yards away.In an interview，David said， "That kid is really strong and should (5) （ praise）.For him，to scream as loudly as he could in that matter allowed him (6) （ get） help."
The boy later told the policeman that he got separated (7) his dad's sailboat and drifted （漂流） away.And he had (8) （ confident） told his parent before that he would swim back to shore，but he was not able to do so due to the (9) （ power） wind and waves.He hoped other swimming (10) （ lover） could learn a lesson from his experience.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、B、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章Grade Level Coordinator这一部分Grade Level Coordinators often serve as readers as well，so volunteers wishing to join us must have read with us at least three times（年级协调人通常也会担任读书人，因此有意加入我们的志愿者必须有至少三次与我们一起阅读的经历）可知，志愿者需要有俱乐部读者的阅读经历。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章Training Coordinators这一部分They are responsible for helping the teachers with new volunteer training in how to be better prepared and more effective in the classroom with the kids（他们负责帮助老师进行新的志愿者培训，让他们在课堂上更好地准备和更有效地与孩子们在一起）可知，Training Coordinators可以学习到课堂管理技巧。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章Site Coordinators这一部分They arrive at 8：00 am and make sure that the facilities，books，supplies，and volunteer teams are all ready so that the children can enjoy a fun day of reading and crafts.（他们早上8点到达，确保设施、书籍、用品和志愿者团队都准备好了，这样孩子们就可以享受阅读和手工的快乐一天）可知，Site Coordinators可以帮助准备好所需的资料。故选C。
本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了读书会招聘四个职位的志愿者。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
4~7.【答案】C、D、B、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段But Katya Echazarreta，an engineer and science communicator，was selected by a nonprofit organization to join this travel from a pool of thousands of applicants （申请人）.The organization's goal is to send great leaders into spaceand allow them to experience the overview effect，which was reported by astronauts who say that viewing the Earth from space gives them a great change in their view. （但Katya Echarreta，一名工程师和科学传播者，被一个非营利组织从成千上万的申请者中挑选出来参加这次旅行。该组织的目标是将伟大的领袖送入太空，让他们体验概览效应，宇航员曾报道过这一点，他们表示从太空观察地球会让他们的观点发生巨大变化。）可知，工程师和科学传播者Katya Echazarreta应该是自己行业内一位优秀的领袖，因此很优秀。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段When I came back down，it just completely strengthened my wish to continue enabling people of different backgrounds to go into space and do whatever they want to do. （当我回来的时候，这完全加强了我的愿望：继续让不同背景的人进入太空，做他们想做的任何事。）可知，从太空回来之后，Echazarreta想帮助更多的人进入太空。故选D。
（3）词句猜测题。根据第四段划线词所在的倒数第三句的后部分and after that，I just studied harder （而且自那以后，我只是更努力地学习）可知，老师威胁她要留级反而激励了她努力学习，可知划线单词所在句子It just really me and after that，I just studied harder的意思是：这真的激励了我，在那之后，我更加努力地学习。因此划线单词的意思是：驱使，鼓励。A.Beat打败；B.Drove驱使；C.Confused使迷惑；D.Attracted吸引中。选择B项合适。故选B。
（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段These days，Echazarreta is studying for her master's degree in engineering at Johns Hopkins University.She also has a following of more than 30，000 fans on TikTok，and hosts a science-focused YouTube series. （最近，Echazarreta正在约翰.霍普金斯大学攻读工程硕士学位。她还在TikTok 上拥有超过33万粉丝，并主持了一个以科学为主题的YouTube系列节目。）可知，Echazarreta本来就很优秀的还在攻读学位，而且有那么多的粉丝，这说明她很勤奋，而且她所做的事鼓舞人心，让大家备受鼓舞。 A.Inspiring and hardworking.鼓舞人心和努力工作的；B.Humorous and outgoing.幽默外向的；C.Talented and creative.才华横溢且富有创造力的；D.Calm and confident.冷静而自信的。故洗A。
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Katya Echazarreta作为优秀代表被选入去太空，返回地球后她开始致力于推广这一事业，以期更多的人能体验上太空。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
8~11.【答案】B、A、C、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段And new research may explain why so many adolescents stop listening to their moms'voices.（新的研究或许可以解释为什么这么多青少年不再听妈妈的声音。）可知，这项新研究关注的是青少年对妈妈的声音的回应。故选B项。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段You're just being youYou've got your new friends and you want to spend time with them.You take more notice of these unfamiliar voices，" Abrams adds.（"你只是在做你自己：有了新朋友，你想和他们待在一起。你会更加注意这些陌生的声音，"Abrams补充道。）可知， Abrams的话表明青少年往往被不熟悉的声音吸引。故选A项。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段So their brains need to begin paying more attention to that wider world."That's exactly what it should be like，" Abrams says（所以他们的大脑需要开始更多地关注这个更广阔的世界。Abrams说： "这正是它应该有的样子。"）可知，导致青少年大脑这种明显特征的原因是他们越来越关注新鲜的事物。故选C项。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段This is how the adolescent brain works，and there's a good reason for t.（这就是青少年大脑的工作方式，这是有原因的。）可知，对于青少年社交偏好上的改变，作者认为这是合乎情理的，可理解的。A.It can increase their brain activity.它可以增加他们的大脑活动；B.It is confusing.这令人困惑的；C.It leads to failure in later life.它会在以后的生活中导致失败；D.It is understandable.这是可以理解的。故选D项。
这是一篇说明文。研究表明，青少年有时忽略妈妈的声音（话语），是因为在这一个阶段，他们需要探索更广泛的世界，大脑的注意力也更关注不熟悉的声音。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
12~15.【答案】A、D、D、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Children must become familiar with nature，or else they will not understand why it needs to be protected.（孩子们必须熟悉大自然，否则他们不会理解为什么需要保护大自然。）可知，作者在第二段强调让孩子们接近大自然能提高孩子的环保意识。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段 But how does one teach a child to know nature？A new series of educational books called Outdoor School might be able to help.This series includes three textbooks，all of which offer a wealth of facts，skills，and pictures about the natural world to curious children.Titled Animal Watching，Hiking and Camping，and Rock，Fossil，and Shell Hunting，the books provide pages for making observations，answering questions，and reflecting （深思）on what the child has learned.（但是如何教一个孩子认识自然呢？一个叫做Outdoor School的新系列教育书籍可能会有所帮助。这一系列包括三本教科书，所有这些教科书都为好奇的孩子提供了丰富的事实、技能和有关自然世界的图片。书名为《观察动物》，徒步旅行和露营》，以及《岩石，化石和贝壳狩猎》提供了观察、回答问题和反思孩子所学的内容。）可知，Outdoor School系列丛书用有益的方法加强自然教育。因此D.It strengthens their nature education with useful methods.（它用有用的方法加强他们的自然教育。）符合题意。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段I use Animal Watching as part of their daily lesson plan，requiring my kids to read one chapter （ 章 ） a day and take part in the activities outlined in the book.It has become the highlight of their day.They head outside with the book and pencil in hand and observe the comings and goings of birds and small animals in our yard or the parks.（我把《观察动物》作为他们日常教学计划的一部分，要求我的孩子每天阅读一章，并参加书中概述的活动。这已经成为他们一天中的亮点。他们手里拿着书和铅笔走到外面，观察我们院子里或公园里鸟儿和小动物的来来往往。）可知，作者的孩子们通过阅读，增加了他们探索自然的兴趣。故选D。
（4）文章出处题。根据文章最后一段The series suits children living in all sorts of environments.There is plenty of information about animals，rocks and shells that can easily be found in urban parks or shorelines.Outdoor School does more than just get kids out into nature；it provides them with the tools to explore and understand it.（该系列适合生活在各种环境中的儿童。有大量关于动物、岩石和贝壳的信息，可以很容易地在城市公园或海岸线找到。户外学校不仅仅是让孩子们走进大自然；它为他们提供了探索和理解它的工具。）可知本文为了帮助孩子们了解大自然，本文介绍了"Outdoor School"儿童系列丛书。说明本文是一篇书评。A.A news report.新闻报道；B.A book review.书评；C.A scientific study.一项科学研究；D.An advertisement.一个广告。故选B。
这是一篇说明文。为了帮助孩子们了解大自然，本文介绍了"Outdoor School"儿童系列丛书。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
16~20.【答案】F、C、G、D、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据前句When your teacher assigns you to read something from a textbook，take time to read it before you come to class.If you don't have time to read it well，it's a good idea to look through it so that you have an idea of what it's about（当你的老师让你读课本上的东西时，在你上课之前花点时间读一读。如果你没有时间好好读，最好把它读一遍，这样你就知道它是什么意思了），可知表示"然后你将准备好回答问题并参加讨论"的选项F符合前后的语境，read something from a textbook和answer questions and take part in discussions是关键词，故选F。
（2）推理判断题。根据前句The notes you take in class will help you know what to study between classes（你在课堂上做的笔记将帮助你知道在课间学习什么）；以及后句Instead，pay careful attention to any information your teacher suggests is likely to be included on tests（相反，要仔细注意老师建议的任何可能包含在考试中的信息），可知表示"不要试图把老师说的一切都写下来"的选项C可以起到承上启下的作用，故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据前文Refer to various sources.When studying your notes，you can not only refer to the textbooks but use Internet searches to deepen your understanding（参考各种来源。学习笔记时，你不仅可以参考课本，还可以使用互联网搜索来加深理解），可知表示"有时你的主题会被来源于另一个材料的内容更好地解释"的选项G符合前后的语境，various sources和another source是关键词，故选G。
（4）推理判断题。根据后句Read the instructions for the lab before class（上课前阅读实验室说明），可知表示"确保以正确、安全的方式进行实验"的选项D符合前后的语境，the instructions for the lab和carry out experiments in a proper and safe way是关键词，故选D。
（5）推理判断题。根据后文In most cases，lab experiments are meant to be done by a group of 2 or more students.This means that you probably won't have time to do the whole experiment on your own，and will need to rely on the group's efforts（在大多数情况下，实验室实验是由两个或更多的学生组成的小组完成的。这意味着你可能没有时间独自完成整个实验，需要依靠小组的努力），可知表示"与他人有效合作"的选项B符合前后的语境，a group of 2 or more students和with others是关键词，故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了几个在科学方面有效的学习技能。
这是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】C、A、D、C、A、B、D、A、B、D、C、A、D、B、C
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.comparison比较；B.satisfaction满意；C.responsibility责任；D.failure失败。句意：对于一个年轻的老师来说，这是很大的责任。由上文"In the summer of 2020，I was leading eight junior high kids through the Appalachian Mountains."可知，这是很大的责任，故选C。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.freedom自由，摆脱；B.tiredness疲劳；C.safety安全；D.suffering遭遇。句意：当我十几岁的时候，在树林里的时间意味着从我艰难的家庭生活中解脱出来。由下文" the condemning （指责的） voices I'd grown up hearing at home."可知，作者在森林里能让他摆脱艰难的家庭生活。故选A。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.caused引起；B.organized组织；C.raised养育；D.quieted使平静，平息，消除。句意：大自然的景象和声音消除了我从小在家里听到的谴责的声音。由上下文"The sights and sounds of nature（3）the condemning （指责的） voices I'd grown up hearing at home."可知，大自然的景象和声音消除了谴责声，故选D。
（4）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.think of想起；B.search for搜寻；C.get over克服；D.believe in信任。句意：但我永远无法完全克服它们，尤其是当别人都依赖我的时候。上文提到作者在受到家人指责时，会来到森林里，大自然的景象和声音消除了谴责声，由but可知，上下文是转折关系，作者无法克服内心的这些谴责。故选C。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.smooth顺利的；B.confusing令人困惑的；C.terrible可怕的；D.unfair不公平的。句意：我们正在进行一次顺利的野营旅行。下文"I used our hike through the woods to（6）the kids and they all were interested."描述了在森林徒步旅行时，野营旅行当时很顺利。故选A。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.refuse拒绝；B.inspire鼓舞；C.describe描写；D.separate使分离。句意：我用我们在树林里的徒步旅行来激励孩子们，他们都很感兴趣。由下文"the kids and they all were interested."可知，作者用徒步旅行来激励孩子们，故选B。
（7）考查副词及语境理解。A.proudly骄傲地；B.thankfully感激地；C.excitedly兴奋地；D.anxiously焦虑地。句意：突然，队伍中的一个女孩焦急地喊道："海姆先生，我的罗盘显示我们在向南走。"由下文"I was leading my students in the opposite direction，could I？"可知学生在焦急地告诉老师，故选D。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.checked检查；B.exchanged交换；C.planned计划；D.translated翻译。句意：我在地图上反复检查了我们的位置。由上文"That was impossible."可知，反复在地图上检查他们所在的位置。故选A。
（9）考查形容词及语境理解。A.careful小心的；B.unprofessional非专业的；C.impolite不礼貌的；D.dishonest不诚实的。句意：我不可能如此不专业以至于把我的学生引向了相反的方向，对吧？由下文"I was leading my students in the opposite direction，could I？"可知，作者认为自己不专业，故选B。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.disappeared消失；B.hidden隐藏；C.rested休息；D.started开始。句意：我保持着脸上的平静，但是谴责的声音已经在我脑海中响起。由but可知，上下文是转折关系，虽然作者表面故作镇定，但是内心已经开始谴责自己，故选D。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.similar相似的；B.bored无聊的；C.helpless无助的；D.suitable合适的。句意：孩子们很无助，他们的领路人也不知道该走哪条路。由下文"their leader had no idea which way to go."可知，孩子们应该感到很无助，故选C。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.loser失败者；B.actor演员；C.winner赢家；D.expert专家。句意：我真是个失败者！由上文"and their leader had no idea which way to go."可知，作者认为自己是个失败者，故选A。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.warned警告；B.introduced介绍；C.admired钦佩；D.comforted安慰。句意：然后他安慰我们说："你们正朝着正确的方向前进。"由下文"You're heading in the right direction"可知，这对作者来说是一种安慰，使他们感到放心，故选D。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.health健康；B.confidence自信心；C.regret后悔，遗憾；D.kindness友善。句意：他的话使我重拾了信心。上文"their leader had no idea which way to go."提到作者不知道往哪条路走，所以开始指责自己，认为自己是个失败者，在路人告诉作者他们正在往正确的方向走时，作者应该是重拾信心，故选B。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.honor荣幸；B.imagination想象力；C.judgment判断；D.pleasure快乐。句意：那一刻，我意识到我必须学会相信自己，不要让内心的障碍影响我未来的判断。故选C。
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者带领孩子们徒步旅行，但是当一个学生认为作者正往相反的方向走时，作者开始慌了，不断谴责自己，但是后来证明作者走的方向是对的，作者感悟到要学会相信自己，不要让内心的障碍影响未来的判断。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
36.【答案】【小题1】was fishing
【小题2】what
【小题3】It
【小题4】safety
【小题5】be praised
【小题6】to get
【小题7】from
【小题8】confidently
【小题9】powerful
【小题10】lovers
【解析】（1）考查动词时态。句意：有一天，他正在钓鱼的时候听到从河里传来的尖叫声。sb was/were doing when……"某人正在干某事，这时……"，为固定搭配，主语为名词单数，故助动词be使用was。故填was fishing。
（2）考查宾语从句。句意：大卫说："我有一种紧迫感，即我需要停下我正在做的事，划皮艇去那儿。"。此处动词drop"停止"后接宾语从句，宾语从句中缺宾语，表示"的……的事情"，所以用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故填what。
（3）考查强调句。句意：正是大卫法律执行的经历帮助了他能够保持冷静，并且能在严重情况时做出合适的决定。分析句意可知，包含了句型it was +被强调部分+that+其他成分的强调句句型，放在句首，所以开头字母要大写。故填It。
（4）考查不可数名词。句意：他很快地救下了孩子，并把他带到了大概300米开外的安全场所。形容词safe"安全的"需要使用名词形式，因为介词to后需要接名词作宾语，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填safety。
（5）考查被动语态。句意：大卫说："那个孩子真的很坚强，应该被表扬"。动词praise"表扬"需要被动语态，因为他和主语that kid"那个孩子是被动关系"，且在情态动词后，故be动词使用原形即可。故填be praised。
（6）考查动词不定式。句意：对他而言，在这件事发生时尽最大可能尖叫使得他获得帮助。动词get"获得"需要使用不定式形式，因为动词allow"使能够"的搭配为allow sb.to do sth."使得某人做某事"。故填to get。
（7）考查介词。句意：后来那个男孩告诉警察他和他爸爸的帆船分开了，然后飘走了。此处为固定搭配be separated from"与……分离"。故填from。
（8）考查副词。句意：之前他自信地告诉他的父母他将游回岸边，但是因为强风和浪花，他没能那样做。形容词confident"自信的"需要使用副词形式confidently，用于修饰动词told"告诉"。故填confidently。
（9）考查形容词。句意：之前他自信地告诉他的父母他将游回岸边，但是因为强风和浪花，他没能那样做。名词power"力量"需要改为形容词形式powerful"强有力的"，作定语修饰名词wind "风"。故填powerful。
（10）考查可数名词的复数。句意：他希望其他的游泳爱好者能够从他的经历中吸取教训。名词lover"爱好者"需要复数形式，因为空格前有修饰词other"其他的"表示复数概念。故填lovers。
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了英勇救人的故事：大卫在钓鱼的时候听到尖叫。他前去查看发现一个男孩飘在湖中间，急忙去救了他。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
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