2022-2023学年北京市东城区高二（上）期末英语试卷（含答案解析）

这是一份2022-2023学年北京市东城区高二（上）期末英语试卷（含答案解析），共19页。试卷主要包含了  A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2022-2023学年北京市东城区高二（上）期末英语试卷

At Lucky Candy，a small neighborhood store，customers are in for a lucky treat.
Ahmed Alwan，a cashier of the store，invented a game that's since gone viral：if(1)correctly answer his math questions，they are able to grab as many items as possible in five seconds — all for(2) .Alwan came up with the idea to primarily(3)" low- income community members " and he himself ends up paying for whatever the winners collect.
For Alwan，23，joy is essential as breakfast—but regulars at his family's corner store sometimes(4)both." This neighborhood has a lot of poor people，" he says."They've known me since I was a little kid.I know most of them by name.I see people — some of whom are(5)customers — sleeping on the train.I used to give them buttered rolls，coffee and bananas in the morning to(6) their days."
A fan of math throughout high school and college，Alwan thought of the way to combine his love of entertaining and altruism（利他主义） into the game to go on helping people and keep their (7)skills sharp too.
So how does all the gift (8) and problem solving affect the store's profits？
Alwan said it hasn't affected the family business negatively.
" It's out of my own(9)，" he said.He recently launched a GoFundMe page on the Internet to raise funds for the game as well.
If the equation（方程式） for happiness equals kindness plus(10)，Alwan has already solved it.
1.  A. shoppers B. cashiers C. owners D. witnesses
2.  A. fun B. good C. free D. love
3.  A. choose B. help C. educate D. gather
4.  A. insist on B. live off C. adjust to D. struggle for
5.  A. potential B. close C. extraordinary D. domestic
6.  A. clarify B. guide C. evaluate D. brighten
7.  A. trading B. verbal C. math D. reading
8.  A. exchanging B. making C. designing D. giving
9.  A. pocket B. need C. control D. head
10.  A. modesty B. generosity C. honesty D. bravery
11.
A

Charlie Chaplin is a household name around the world.He (1) （ regard） as one of the best comedy actors.People of all ages can be made laugh heartily by his performances.In my opinion，the (2) （ funny） thing of all about Charlie Chaplin was the way he walked when he was acting as the Tramp， (3) is a poor man with a kind heart and often has unexpected adventures (4) （involve） the police.The Tramp is a symbol of the silent cinema.
B

Last Saturday，I went to the school sports field to watch the final of the 4×100-metre relay at our annual sports tournament. (1) the race，everyone was quiet and still.When the runners set off，everyone went wild!We all stood up and started shouting.It was like being hit by a huge wave of (2) （excite）.The race was all over in just one minute.When the first runner (3) （cross） the finish line，everyone was on their feet，cheering.
C

Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing.His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine.However， (1) concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvest and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.Yuan Longping overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice for farming in 1974.
Today，it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops (2) （ generate） from Yuan's hybrid strains.Yuan's innovation (3) （ help） feed not just China，but many other countries that depend on rice as well，such as India and Vietnam.

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
12. 这是一个奇妙无比的、对每个人都有吸引力的主题公园。（appeal to）
This is an incredible theme park ______.
13. "一个成功课堂的关键是让学生参与进来。"那位教授说。（be crucial to…）
" ______ a successful classroom is to involve students，" the professor said.
14. 刚才我打电话给史密斯先生，感谢他劝说我儿子改掉那个坏习惯。（persuade，quit）
Just now I made a call to thank Mr.Smith for ______.
15. 微笑可以打破隔阂是一个普遍真理。（break down barriers）
It is a universal truth ______ .
G
Accommodation is available for Alt University students in a number of dorms（宿舍）for girls and boys as separated.These dorms are located in Matbey campus and are designed to provide a clean，comfortable，secure and civilized environment for the students.
FEE STRUCTURE

RoomType
AnnualRate
（9 months）
Per Semester
Description
Single Room
﹩3，750
﹩1，875
Front view（14m2）
Single Room
﹩3，550
﹩1，775
Front view（10m2）
Single Room
﹩3，450
﹩1，725
Back view（14m2）
Triple Room
﹩2，250
﹩1，125
Back view（30m2）
Quadruple Room
﹩2，450
﹩1，225
Front view（32m2）
QuadrupleRoom
﹩2，100
﹩1，050
Back view（30m2）
Room fee includes accommodation，electricity，heating and water，WiFi，cleaning services and laundry.
Room charges and meal plans are for 9 months （one academic year） or 1 semester during the study period at the university.Once students register for the dorm or meal plan，it cannot be refunded（退款） in case of canceling the stay or the meal service.
FACILITIES
Meal Plan：
Students can choose a meal plan including three courses in a day during their stay.For one semester it costs ﹩810，for two semesters ﹩1620.
Cleaning Service：
The cleaning of dorm rooms and common spaces is provided by professional cleaners.
Cooking：
Residents can either dine at the in-house restaurant or cook their own meals at the common kitchen area.
Leisure Time Activities and Relaxation：
Music room and gym are available for the use of students，free of charge.
Safety：
Alt University Dormitory offers students a safe accommodation with its 24/7 security and 24/7 available staff.
HOW TO APPLY？
Students can prefer to stay at the dormitory for the first semester only or two semesters both（the whole academic year）.In order to make a room reservation，you should fill in the online application form.
Due to limited space，applications will be processed on a first-come first-served basis.Overseas students，students living in distance in the city and students with handicap will be given priority over the others.
16. Xie Lei is going to spend ﹩1，200～﹩1，400 on accommodation for the first semester in Alt University，what room type can she apply for？ ______
A. Quadruple Room with front view. B. Quadruple Room with back view.
C. Single Room with front view. D. Triple Room with back view.
17. Students living in the dorm can ______ .
A. use the gym at a lower price
B. enjoy free heating and water
C. cook meals in a particular area
D. stop the meal plan anytime and get the money back
18. What may help a student successfully apply for a dorm？ ______
A. Applying for accommodation for the whole academic year.
B. Sending the application form as early as possible.
C. Applying for a dorm in a distant campus.
D. Volunteering for the dorm cleaning job.
H


Samantha Cristoforetti•2022/10/12…
仰观宇宙之大，俯察品类之盛，所以游目骋怀，足以极视听之娱，信可乐也。
Looking up，I see the immensity of the cosmos；bowing my head，I look at the multitude of the world.
The gaze flies，the heart expands，the joy of the senses can reach its peak，&indeed，this is true happiness.

Besides"wow"and"great"，what else would you say when flying over the Earth in space？Samantha Cristoforetti，an Italian female astronaut，posted several lines of a famous ancient Chinese composition on Twitter during her mission at the International Space Station to share her joy.
She first wrote in Chinese，and then attached an accurate translation of the lines in both Italian and English to help more people understand.The text she quoted is from the Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion，a Chinese calligraphy masterpiece by Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.She also attached three photos taken in space of China's Bohai Bay and the day-night view of Beijing.
The beauty of space and Chinese literature resonated on Cristoforetti's Twitter account.Her post went viral on Twitter with thousands of retweets，likes and replies in a few hours."Her quotation of the lines shows that she observed the universe with the vision of Chinese civilization while observing China from space，" one user comments."A European astronaut in space recites Chinese ancient poetry，how romantic，"says another.
Cristoforetti has been highly praised for her Chinese language skills.The Italian speaks half a dozen languages and has previously taken part in joint training between the European Space Agency（ESA） and the China Manned Space Agency.Apart from Cristoforetti，Matthias Maurer，a German astronaut from ESA who went to China together with Cristoforetti for the joint training，can also speak fluent Chinese.Since China and Europe have had friendly cooperation in the field of manned space flight，many foreign astronauts have shown great interest in learning Chinese.
ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher is positive about the unifying spirit of space exploration.He said，"Space is international.There is no way to put a boundary in space—because the space station and the satellites fly around the earth，cross boundaries，cross cultures，cross religions and different divides in terms of philosophy and history."
While there may be many problems between nations here on Earth，in space，cooperation is strong.
19. What made Cristoforetti post the message on the Internet？ ______
A. The desire to show off her Chinese.
B. The amazement at the view of the space.
C. The wish to work with Chinese astronauts.
D. The duty of popularizing space knowledge.
20. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3？ ______
A. Cristoforetti spread Chinese civilization on her Twitter account.
B. Cristoforetti's success in learning Chinese encouraged others.
C. Cristoforetti's post became a hit on the Internet.
D. Cristoforetti is a genius at learning languages.
21. What can we learn from the passage？ ______
A. Space exploration settles differences between nations.
B. The longing for solving problems on Earth is universal.
C. Mastering more than one language is a trend among astronauts.
D. Cooperation in the space field bridges the gap between cultures.
I
Lighting has come a long way since Tom Edison lit his first incandescent bulb（白炽灯泡） in the 1880s.LED bulbs are popping up everywhere now，on planes，car headlights，in your phone.And engineers are exploring more ways to use LEDs—everything from wireless data streaming to secure communication systems and in-flight networking.
Engineer Harald Haas，co-founder of pureLiFi，explains how LEDs can be used to transmit information，"LEDs have the property that we can change the light that comes out of an LED very，very quickly.That change in the brightness is what we exploit in order to encode data extremely fast，so that a receiver will then see these changes in the light intensity in a way a human eye would not be able to detect.Then we have algorithms（算法） to recover these changes and get back the data stream."
There are many advantages to using LEDs to transmit information.For one thing，LEDs can communicate much faster than WiFi.What's more，the visible light spectrum（频谱） is about ten thousand times larger than the radio spectrum.This would allow communication systems to not only use a spectrum that's already been set up，but vast amount of free spectrum，which is in cars，in our LED lights at home，in streetlights and so on." .It's already there，" Haas says.
LiFi would also be more secure than WiFi.Because light can't go through walls，people would not be able to log on to LiFi networks in the same way that they're able to log on to and eavesdrop on（窃听） ongoing WiFi communications.Haas argues that LiFi would also be available in places where communication is typically difficult when we can't use radio.
One interesting application could be to use car headlights to communicate with other drivers on the road."We can use these LEDs to transmit data from car to car.Normally you see the car in front of you，but if you were able to relay high-definition video from，say，three cars in front of you，you could see earlier what's happening.This is a way we can enhance safety on our roads，" Haas says.
Haas and his coworkers foresee the LED light industry changing rapidly in the near future to include additional features."That is where LiFi plays a key role.From home sensing of interior，you'd find out if people have fallen down and the way you would navigate（导航） indoors.So many，many more applications would be possible with light，"Haas says.
22. What is essential to enable LEDs to send signals？ ______
A. The research work by pureLiFi.
B. Quickly changing light of LEDs.
C. Common use of LEDs in daily life.
D. Accurate analysis of light intensity.
23. What does the sentence" "in Paragraph 3 probably mean？ ______
A. LiFi's speed is superfast.
B. LED lights are free to use.
C. LEDs are stable in quality.
D. Available spectrum is everywhere.
24. Haas mentions the examples in the last two paragraphs mainly to indicate LiFi's ______ .
A. advantage in security B. mature application
C. promising prospect D. rapid upgrades
The Power in Accepting Your Errors

It pays to be kind to yourself.A new study shows that being compassionate（同情的）with yourself when you make mistakes can reduce depression.
It is generally good to hold yourself to high standards and strive to do your best.But sometimes people have unrealistic views of what they should achieve. (1) Then when they make a mistake，they may be too unforgiving of that error.It is an unhealthy form of perfectionism.This is when a person views anything imperfect as unacceptable. (2)
However，self-compassion can help protect people from such negative impacts，a new study finds. (3) " It 's often easy to say kind and supportive things to our friends when things go wrong for them，"says Madeleine Ferrari.She's a psychologist at Australian Catholic University in Sydney."If we can say these things to ourselves，we will still reach our goals but will have better mental health，"she says.
(4) Ferrari's team wanted to see if self-compassion might weaken that link.The researchers surveyed 541 teenagers and 515 adults.They asked these people to fill out a set of three questionnaires and asked the participants to rate their levels of perfectionism，depression and self-compassion.
In both groups，people who were kinder to themselves were less likely to experience sadness and depression，the researchers found. (5) And that could be especially true for perfectionists.

A.They set standards that are too high.
B.Even the most intelligent and productive people make mistakes.
C.This is a good example of improving and changing based on a mistake.
D.Self-compassion is treating yourself the way you would treat a good friend.
E.Such feelings can increase stress and lead to symptoms（症状） of depression.
F.So learning self-compassion could improve treatment for those with depression.
G.Previous research has shown that people who are perfectionists are more likely to become depressed.

25.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
26.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
27.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
28.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
29.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
30.
Farm Theme Parks Popular in Japan

In modern times，when we think or hear about major theme parks，what often comes to mind are successful franchises like Disneyland，Disneyworld and Universal Theme Parks.But a growing independent group of specialized theme parks in Japan are catching the attention of those who are in search of entertainment，fresh food and the feel of the great outdoors.
For example，Namegata Farmers Village is a sweet potato theme park in Ibaraki Prefecture，an area noted for sweet potato production."The number of sweet potato producers has dropped due to the aging population.We thought up the idea to convey the charm of agriculture to young people who moved to urban areas because they didn't want to take over from aging farmers.We hoped to secure a stable future for sweet potatoes，"said Toshikazu Nagao，president of the village.
Namegata Farmers Village covers a total area of about 33 hectares，or 82 acres，and utilizes abandoned farmland.A former primary school is used as the main facility.The park features the Yakiimo Factory Museum，a restaurant，a direct sales shop for agricultural products and rental farmland.Classes for making sweet potato cakes are popular among families with children.
The concept of an agriculture theme park is not new in Japan.Iga no Sato Mokumoku Tezukuri Farm pioneered the concept of agricultural theme parks in the late-1980s.The farm opened in 1988 when MokuMoku Tezukuri Farm Co.，an agricultural corporation，attempted to improve the added value of Iga pork，a local brand.Local beer，bread and tofu are now produced at the 14-hectare farm.Visitors can experience making sausages in a factory，enjoy being close to animals，and eat at a restaurant.
"I think .It should also lead to the preservation of the local rustic scenery（乡村风光），"Naoyuki Matsuo，president of the farm said.
Whether the theme park concept flourishing in Japan would ever work in other countries remains to be seen，but for those in Japan，at least，thinking outside the box is earning farmers and food corporations alike a good profit.


(1) Who are usually attracted to farm theme parks in Japan？ ______
(2) Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why.
The first agriculture theme park in Japan opened in 1988 with the purpose of helping young people living in urban areas know more about rural life. ______
(3) Naoyuki Matsuo said，"farm theme parks are the future direction of agriculture".
Do you agree with him？Why or why not？（In about 40 words） ______
31. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim来信说他最近读了一些科学家的传记，认为科学家有很多优秀品质非常值得年轻人学习，并询问你对此观点的看法。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
（1）赞同他的观点；
（2）你从科学家身上学到的一种品质；
（3）你践行这一品质的一个事例。
注意：
（1）词数100左右；
（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
______
Yours，
Li Hua
答案和解析

1~10.【答案】A、C、B、D、B、D、C、D、A、B
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.shoppers顾客；B.cashiers收银员；C.owners拥有者；D.witnesses目睹者。句意：这家商店的收银员Ahmed Alwan发明了一个游戏，这个游戏后来风靡一时：如果购物者正确回答了他的数学问题，他们就可以在五秒钟内抓住尽可能多的商品——所有这些都是免费的。根据首段中的"At Lucky Candy，a small neighborhood store，customers are in for a lucky treat."可知，此处应该是顾客。故选A项。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.fun趣事；B.good益处；C.free免费；D.love爱。句意：这家商店的收银员Ahmed Alwan发明了一个游戏，这个游戏后来风靡一时：如果购物者正确回答了他的数学问题，他们就可以在五秒钟内抓住尽可能多的商品——所有这些都是免费的。根据下文中的"he himself ends up paying for whatever the winners collect."可知此处是免费，for free意为"免费地"符合语境。故选C项。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.choose选择；B.help帮助；C.educate教育；D.gather收集，聚集。句意：Alwan提出了主要帮助"低收入社区成员"的想法，他自己最终为获奖者收集的任何东西付费。根据下文中的"Alwan thought of the way to combine his love of entertaining and altruism （利他主义） into the game to go on helping people…"可知，此处指的是Alwan帮助收入不高的人。故选B项。
（4）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.insist on坚持；B.live off依赖，靠……生活；C.adjust to适应；D.struggle for为……奋斗。句意：对于23岁的阿尔万来说，快乐就像早餐一样必不可少，但他家街角商店的常客有时会为两者而苦恼。根据上文中的"For Alwan，23，joy is essential as breakfast—but regulars at his family's corner store sometimes…"以及下文中的both，周围人们的日子过的很困难。故选D项。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.potential潜在的；B.close亲近的，亲密的；C.extraordinary特殊的；D.domestic国内的。句意：我看到人们——其中一些是近处的亲密的顾客——睡在火车上。根据上文中的""This neighborhood has a lot of poor people，" he says. "They've known me since I was a little kid.I know most of them by name."可知，此处说亲密的顾客。故选B项。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.clarify澄清；B.guide引导；C.evaluate评估；D.brighten点亮。句意：我曾经在早上给他们黄油卷，咖啡和香蕉，以给他们的日子带来希望。根据上文中的"I used to give them buttered rolls，coffee and bananas in the morning…"可知，是为了让大家从一早上就有一个好心情，brighten one's day意为"给某人带来希望或愉快"符合语境。故选D项。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.trading交易；B.verbal口头上；C.math数学；D.reading阅读。句意：Alwan在整个高中和大学都是数学迷，他想办法将他对娱乐和利他主义的热爱融入到游戏中，继续帮助人们并保持他们的数学技能。根据上文中的"A fan of math throughout high school and college，…"可知，此处指的是使他们的数学技能得到提升。故选C项。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.exchanging交换；B.making使，制造；C.designing设计；D.giving给予。句意：那么，所有发出去的礼物和解决问题会不会影响商店的利润呢？根据下文中的"…and problem solving affect the store's profits？ "可知，and前后并列结构，后面是"解决问题"，可知此处应为"发送礼物"。故选D项。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.pocket口袋；B.need需要；C.control控制；D.head头。句意："这是我自己掏腰包的，"他说。他最近在互联网上推出了一个GoFundMe页面，为游戏筹集资金。根据上文中的"…he himself ends up paying for whatever the winners collect. "和"Alwan said it hasn't affected the family business negatively."可知，此处指的是Alwan自己掏腰包。故选A项。
（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.modesty谦虚；B.generosity慷慨；C.honesty诚实；D.bravery勇敢。句意：如果幸福的方程式是善良加慷慨，那么Alwan已经解决了它。故选B项。
本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是一名收银员Ahmed Alwan利用游戏的方式帮助附近贫困的人，他的善良和慷慨帮助别人的同时，自己也得到了幸福和快乐。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。

11.【答案】【小题1】is regarded
【小题2】funniest
【小题3】who
【小题4】involving
【解析】A
（1）考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：他被认为是最好的喜剧演员之一。分析可知，所填词为句子谓语动词，regard与主语he是被动关系，应用被动语态；句子描述的是一般性事实，故应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语he为单数，be动词应用is。故填is regarded。
（2）考查形容词最高级。句意：在我看来，查理•卓别林最有趣的事情是他扮演流浪汉时的走路方式，流浪汉是一个穷人，但有一颗善良的心，经常有与警察有关的意想不到的冒险。根据冠词the及后面的范围of all可知，此处应用形容词最高级，表示"最有趣的"。故填funniest。
（3）考查定语从句关系词。句意：在我看来，查理•卓别林最有趣的事情是他扮演流浪汉时的走路方式，流浪汉是一个穷人，但有一颗善良的心，经常有与警察有关的意想不到的冒险。分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Tramp，指人，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
（4）考查现在分词。句意：在我看来，查理•卓别林最有趣的事情是他扮演流浪汉时的走路方式，流浪汉是一个穷人，但有一颗善良的心，经常有与警察有关的意想不到的冒险。动词involve与名词adventures是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词作后置定语。故填involving。
B（1）考查介词。句意：在比赛前，每个人都很安静。根据语境可知，此处应用介词before表示"在……之前"，句首单词首字母应大写。故填Before。
（2）考查不可数名词。句意：这就像被一股巨大的兴奋浪潮击中一样。分析句子结构可知，介词of后需填名词作宾语，excitement"兴奋"是抽象名词，不可数。故填excitement。
（3）考查动词时态。句意：当第一名运动员冲过终点线时，每个人都站起来欢呼。分析句子结构可知，所填词为从句谓语动词，根据上文时间状语last Saturday可知，此处是在叙述上周六发生的事情，要用一般过去时。故填crossed。
C
（1）考查主语从句连接词。句意：然而，最令他担忧的是，农民往往收成不佳，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，意为"......的事情"，所以应用连接代词what引导该主语从句。故填what。
（2）考查过去分词。句意：今天，据估计，中国国内大米消费量的60%左右是由袁隆平杂交品种生产的作物。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，generate与其逻辑主语crops之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词作定语。故填generated。
（3）考查时态及主谓一致。句意：袁隆平的创新不仅帮助养活了中国，还帮助养活了许多其他依赖大米的国家，如印度和越南。分析句子结构可知，所填词为句子的谓语动词，且句子表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时态，主语innovation为不可数名词，助动词应用单数形式has。故填has helped。
A是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了卓别林及其扮演的流浪汉角色。
B是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了作者上周六在学校运动场观看接力赛决赛的事情。
C是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了"杂交水稻之父"袁隆平的生平以及他对世界所做出的杰出贡献。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。

12.【答案】that/which appeals to everyone
【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句修饰先行词theme park，指物，应用关系代词that/which引导从句，that/which在从句中作主语，对……有吸引力译为"appeal to"，在从句中作谓语，根据句意结合前面的is可知，用一般现在时，从句主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，每个人译为" everyone"。
故填：that/which appeals to everyone
这是一个奇妙无比的、对每个人都有吸引力的主题公园。
考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。

13.【答案】What is crucial to
【解析】分析句子结构可知，"_____ a successful classroom"是主语，是……的关键译为"be crucial to"，此处为主语从句，从句缺少主语，表示"……的事/东西"用what来引导，句子描述一般性事实，用一般现在时，位于句首首字母大写。
故填：What is crucial to。
"一个成功课堂的关键是让学生参与进来。"那位教授说。
考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。

14.【答案】persuading my son to quit that bad habit
【解析】劝说某人做某事译为"persuade sb.to do sth."；改掉那个坏习惯译为"quit that bad habit"；在介词for后面作宾语，persuade要用动名词形式。
故填：persuading my son to quit that bad habit。
刚才我打电话给史密斯先生，感谢他劝说我儿子改掉那个坏习惯。
考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。

15.【答案】that a smile can break down barriers
【解析】分析句子结构可知，it是形式主语，空处应用that引导从句作真正的主语，描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，微笑译为" a smile "用不定冠词表示泛指，可以译为"can"，打破隔阂译为"break down barriers"。
故填：that a smile can break down barriers。
微笑可以打破隔阂是一个普遍真理。
考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。

16~18.【答案】A、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文中表格第三栏Per Semester（每学期）下的第五行＄1，225（1225美元）可知，第五行对应的是Quadruple Room（四人间房间）和Front view （32 m2）（阳面（32平方米））可知，Xie Lei预计一学期在住宿上花费1200-1400美元，所以他可以申请阳面的四人间（Quadruple Room with front view），故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据Cooking（做饭）下的Residents can either dine at the in-house restaurant or cook their own meals at the common kitchen area.（住宿学生可以在室内餐厅用餐，也可以在公共厨房区域自己做饭。）可知，住在宿舍的学生可以在公共厨房区域，即特定区域做饭，故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段中Due to limited space，applications will be processed on a first-come first-served basis.（由于场地有限，申请将以先到先得方式处理。）可知，尽早寄出申请表格将有助于学生成功申请宿舍。故选B。
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Alt 大学的学生宿舍情况，包括费用，设施及申请方式。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

19~21.【答案】B、C、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据帖子下第一段Samantha Cristoforetti，an Italian female astronaut，posted several lines of a famous ancient Chinese composition on Twitter during her mission at the International Space Station to share her joy.（意大利女宇航员Samantha Cristoforetti在执行国际空间站任务期间，在推特上发布了几行著名的中国古代名篇，分享她的喜悦。）和帖子下第三段The beauty of space and Chinese literature resonated on Cristoforetti's  Twitter account.（太空之美和中国文学在Cristoforetti的推特账户上引起了共鸣。）可知，因为看到太空的景象感到震撼及喜悦，Samantha Cristoforetti想要分享这份喜悦，所以发布了这些中国名篇词句。故选B。
（2）段落大意题。根据帖子下第三段The beauty of space and Chinese literature resonated on Cristoforetti's Twitter account.Her post went viral on Twitter with thousands of retweets，likes and replies in a few hours. （太空之美和中国文学在Cristoforetti的推特账户上引起了共鸣。她的帖子在推特上疯传，数小时内就有数干条转发、点赞和回复。）可知，Samantha Cristoforetti上传的太空美景及中国名篇词句引起了网友的共鸣，成为了热点话题，她的帖子在互联网上走红。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据帖子最后一段While there may be many problems between nations here on Earth，in space，cooperation is strong. （虽然地球上的国家之间可能有很多问题，但在太空中，合作是强有力的。）可知，太空领域的合作能够将各个国家连接起来，弥合不同文化之间的差距。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了首位进入太空的意大利女宇航员Samantha Cristoforetti在执行国际空间站任务期间，在推特上发布了著名的中国古代名篇词句，引起了巨大反响。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

22~24.【答案】D、D、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段That change in the brightness is what we exploit in order to encode data extremely fast，so that a receiver will then see these changes in the light intensity in a way a human eye would not be able to detect.Then we have algorithms （算法） to recover these changes and get back the data stream.（亮度的变化是我们利用的，以便极快地编码数据，以便接收器能够以人眼无法检测到的方式看到光强度的这些变化。然后我们有算法来恢复这些更改并取回数据流。）可知，LED传输信号是以人眼看不到的亮度变化来传递的，光强度的变化通过再通过特殊的算法恢复其中的信息。能否准确传递信息的关键就是可否能够准确分析光强度。故选D。
（2）句意猜测题。根据第三段What's more，the visible light spectrum （频谱） is about ten thousand times larger than the radio spectrum.This would allow communication systems to not only use a spectrum that's already been set up，but vast amount of free spectrum，which is in cars，in our LED lights at home，in streetlights and so on. （更重要的是，可见光谱比无线电光谱大一万倍左右。这将使通信系统不仅可以使用已经建立的频谱，还可以使用大量的自由频谱，这些频谱存在于汽车，我们家中的LED灯，路灯等中。）可知，LED通信频谱覆盖面广，应用也非常广泛，由此可推测It's ubiquitous的含义为：可用频谱无处不在。A.LiFi's speed is superfast.LiFi的速度非常快；B.LED lights are free to use.LED灯免费使用；C.LEDs are stable in quality.LED质量稳定；D.Available spectrum is everywhere.可用频谱无处不在。故选D.
（3）细节理解题。根据第五段One interesting application could be to use car headlights to communicate with other drivers on the road.（一个有趣的应用可能是使用汽车前灯与道路上的其他司机进行交流。）及第六段中That is where LiFi plays a key role.From home sensing of interior，you'd find out if people have fallen down and the way you would navigate （导航） indoors.So many，many more applications would be possible with light（这就是LiFi发挥关键作用的地方。从家庭内部感应，你会发现人们是否摔倒了，以及你在室内导航的方式。光可以带来如此多的应用）可知，LiFi可以应用的场景很多，前景广阔。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。讲述了LED可以用来传递信息，LiFi技术的优点和广阔的应用前景。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

25~29.【答案】A、E、D、G、F
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据上文It is generally good to hold yourself to high standards and strive to do your best.But sometimes people have unrealistic views of what they should achieve.（一般来说，保持自己的高标准并努力做到最好是好的。但是有时候人们对于他们应该达到的目标有不切实际的看法。）以及下文Then when they make a mistake，they may be too unforgiving of that error.（然后，当他们犯了一个错误，他们可能是太无情的错误。）可知，有时候人们对自己设定不缺实际的目标，犯错误后对错误太不宽容，说明人们设定太高的标准，A选项"They set standards that are too high.他们设定的标准太高了。"符合语境。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据上文This is when a person views anything imperfect as unacceptable.（这是当一个人认为任何不完美的东西都是不可接受的。）以及下文However，self-compassion can help protect people from such negative impacts，a new study finds.（然而，一项新的研究发现，自我同情可以帮助人们免受这些负面影响。）可知，说明认为任何不完美的东西都不可接受会对人们产生负面影响，E项中symptoms of depression是关键词，E选项"Such feelings can increase stress and lead to symptoms（症状） of depression.这种感觉会增加压力并导致抑郁症状。"符合语境。故选E。
（3）推理判断题。根据上文However，self-compassion can help protect people from such negative impacts，a new study finds.（然而，一项新的研究发现，自我同情可以帮助人们免受这些负面影响。）以及下文It 's often easy to say kind and supportive things to our friends when things go wrong for them，"says Madeleine Ferrari.（当我们的朋友遇到困难的时候，我们很容易对他们说一些善意和支持的话。）可知，当朋友遇到问题时，我们容易对他们说善意和支持的话，采用同情的方式，D项中a good friend是关键词，D选项"Self-compassion is treating yourself the way you would treat a good friend.自我同情是以对待好朋友的方式对待自己。"符合语境。故选D。
（4）主旨大意题。根据下文Ferrari's team wanted to see if self-compassion might weaken that link.The researchers surveyed 541 teenagers and 515 adults.They asked these people to fill out a set of three questionnaires and asked the participants to rate their levels of perfectionism，depression and self-compassion.（法拉利的研究小组想看看自我同情是否会削弱这种联系。研究人员调查了541名青少年和515名成年人。他们要求这些人填写一组三份问卷，并要求参与者对他们的完美主义。抑郁和自我同情程度进行评分。）可知，法拉利的团队想看自我同情是否会削弱完美主义与抑郁之间的联系，G选项"Previous research has shown that people who are perfectionists are more likely to become depressed.先前的研究表明，完美主义者更容易抑郁。"符合语境。故选G。
（5）推理判断题。根据上文In both groups，people who were kinder to themselves were less likely to experience sadness and depression，the researchers found.（研究人员发现，在这两组人中，对自己更友善的人不太可能经历悲伤和抑郁。）和下文And that could be especially true for perfectionists.（对于完美主义者来说尤其如此。）可知，对自己更友善的人，即可以自我同情的人不太可能会抑郁， F选项"So learning self-compassion could improve treatment for those with depression.因此，学习自我同情可以改善抑郁症患者的治疗。"符合语境。故选F。
这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了对自己充满同情可以减轻抑郁，善待自己是值得的。
"七选五"选择题，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选。得出正确的答案。

30.【答案】【小题1】The people who are in search of entertainment，fresh food and the feel of the great outdoors.
【小题2】The first agriculture theme park in Japan opened in 1988       .The purpose of the first agriculture theme park in Japan in 1988 is to improve the added value of Iga pork，a local brand.
【小题3】Yes，I agree with him.Young people have no interest in traditional agriculture and tend to crowd into cities in search of jobs.Now，peoplee are in search of entertainment，fresh and healthy food.Farm theme parks can satisfy that.
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由本文第一段But a growing independent group of specialized theme parks in Japan are catching the attention of those who are in search of entertainment，fresh food and the feel of the great outdoors.（但日本越来越多的独立主题公园吸引了那些寻求娱乐、新鲜食物和户外感觉的人的关注。）可知寻求娱乐，健康食物和户外体验的人会被吸引来农场主题公园。故答案为：The people who are in search of entertainment，fresh food and the feel of the great outdoors。
（2）细节理解题。由本文第四段Iga no Sato Mokumoku Tezukuri Farm pioneered the concept of agricultural theme parks in the late-1980s.The farm opened in 1988 when MokuMoku Tezukuri Farm Co.，an agricultural corporation，attempted to improve the added value of Iga pork，a local brand.（20世纪80年代末，Iga no Sato Mokumoku Tezukuri农场率先提出了农业主题公园的概念。1988年，农业公司MokuMoku Tezukuri farm株式会社为了提高当地品牌Iga猪肉的附加价值，开设了这家农场。）可知Iga no Sato Mokumoku Tezukuri Farm是日本第一家农业主题公园，可是它最初的目的并不是吸引城市的年轻人了解乡村生活，而是提高当地品牌猪肉的影响。故答案为：The first agriculture theme park in Japan opened in 1988       .The purpose of the first agriculture theme park in Japan in 1988 is to improve the added value of Iga pork，a local brand。
（3）开放问答题，言之有理即可。由本文第一段中的But a growing independent group of specialized theme parks in Japan are catching the attention of those who are in search of entertainment，fresh food and the feel of the great outdoors.（但日本越来越多的独立主题公园吸引了那些寻求娱乐、新鲜食物和户外感觉的人的关注。）以及第二段The number of sweet potato producers has dropped due to the aging population.We thought up the idea to convey the charm of agriculture to young people who moved to urban areas because they didn't want to take over from aging farmers.（由于人口老龄化，红薯生产者的数量已经下降。我们想出了这个主意，把农业的魅力传达给那些搬到城市的年轻人，因为他们不想接替年迈的农民。）可知农场主题公园是未来农业发展的方向这个说法是有道理的。故答案为：Yes，I agree with him.Young people have no interest in traditional agriculture and tend to crowd into cities in search of jobs.Now，peoplee are in search of entertainment，fresh and healthy food.Farm theme parks can satisfy that。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在日本，农场主题公园很受欢迎。并有专业人士指出，农场主题公园是未来农业的发展方向。
做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。

31.【答案】Dear Jim，
I'm more than delighted to receive your letter saying you' ve read some biographies of scientists.I can't agree more with you that we teenagers can benefit from their personalities.（赞同他的观点）
Take Doctor Yuan Longping as an example，who is a pioneer in agricultural area.We Chinese show great respect to him，without whom some might have died of hunger.As far as I'm concerned，he not only devoted himself to the research on rice，but also cared little about money.Inspired by his story，I'm reading the latest articles on AI in my spare time and even submitted my own articles.【高分句型一】（你从科学家身上学到的一种品质）
Unexpectedly，my submission was published in a magazine last month，which encouraged me to spare no effort to work hard，preparing for my future career as a robot designer. 【高分句型二】Additionally，I will lead a simple but meaningful life.（你践行这一品质的一个事例）
Looking forward to your reply.（盼望）
Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：Inspired by his story，I'm reading the latest articles on AI in my spare time and even submitted my own articles.
译文：在他的故事的启发下，我在业余时间阅读关于人工智能的最新文章，甚至提交了自己的文章。
分析：这句话使用了过去分词短语Inspired by his story作状语。
高分句型二：Unexpectedly，my submission was published in a magazine last month，which encouraged me to spare no effort to work hard，preparing for my future career as a robot designer.
译文：出乎意料的是，上个月我的投稿发表在一本杂志上，这鼓励我不遗余力地努力工作，为我未来的机器人设计师生涯做准备。
分析：这句话使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。