2023上海杨浦区高三上学期一模试题英语含解析（含听力）

2022-2023学年上海市杨浦区高三上学期英语一模卷

考生注意：

1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

I. Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. At the travel agency. B. At the shopping mall.

C. At the museum. D. At the lecture hall.

2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. Its plug is missing.

B. It has got out of paper.

C. It isn’t connected to the power.

D. It is not put in the right position.

3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. Boss and employee. B. Colleagues.

C. Policeman and prisoner. D. Classmates.

4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. She failed the driving test in the past.

B. She can’t believe the man foiled.

C. The man should have practiced more.

D. The man should forget about the test.

5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. He thinks highly of it.

B. He doesn’t like it.

C. It lasts too long.

D. Its content is not good.

6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. Eight weeks is not a problem for him.

B. All the specialists are fully booked.

C. The good specialist is worth the wait.

D. His back problem is not very serious.

7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. The library won’t be open as previously scheduled.

B. The library is believed to be beyond repair.

C. The repair work didn’t start from the 25th of May.

D. The repair work should have been planned earlier.

8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. The woman should stick with her current job.

B. The woman should take the new job offer.

C. The woman should be prepared to work extra hours.

D. The woman should stop complaining about her job.

9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. The man is determined to have a break this weekend.

B. The man is hesitant over whether to have a break or not.

C. Both of them are under pressure and deserve a break.

D. Neither of them will enjoy a stress-free weekend.

10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. He tends to understate the difficulty.

B. He likes to make empty promises.

C. He is passionate about extreme sports.

D. He hates to stretch the truth.

Section B

Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

11.

A. Try not to think of a polar bear.

B. Try to pose as a polar bear.

C. Stop thinking about their feet.

D. Observe themselves for a few minutes.

12.

A. Those who were informed of the purpose of the experiment.

B. Those who were told to think of white bears on purpose.

C. Those who were shown pictures of white bears at intervals.

D. Those who were asked not to think of a white bear from the beginning.

13.

A. There will be greater chance of us controlling the thoughts.

B. Old doubts will be more likely to come to the surface.

C. We will be able to get rid of negative thoughts.

D. We will be bothered more likely by the thoughts.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

14.

A. By using a special type of liquid.

B. By absorbing the heat from the ceiling.

C. By fixing a device on the inside coating.

D. By removing pressure from the pipes.

15.

A. It has successfully achieved zero-carbon emission.

B. Renewable energy is used there to power lights and heating.

C. It is able to supply all the heating in the area of Glasgow.

D. It attracts professional dancers to have a great time there.

16.

A. A new machine to transform heat energy.

B. A revolutionary battery that stores heat.

C. An innovative project called Bodyheat.

D. A global discussion on fighting climate change.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

17.

A. A phone with an up-to-date operating system.

B. A new model with a different size and color.

C. A model that has the longest-lasting battery.

D. A phone with an automatic filming function.

18.

A. It may not be as efficient as the old one.

B. It takes much time to get used to a new phone.

C. She can’t afford to buy a new phone.

D. She doesn’t like the new applications.

19.

A. Their phones are regularly updated.

B. They are both interested in digital technology.

C. They both had data stolen from the phones.

D. Their old phones were bought about 2 years ago.

20.

A. Improving productivity at work.

B. Enlarging the phone storage.

C. Buying a new smartphone.

D. Increasing phone security.

II. Grammar and vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

It’s OK Not to Be OK

Every now and then, you are probably told not to give up when things get difficult. But at what point can we feel that it’s OK to give up? Sometimes, giving up can be a thoughtful and brave decision. If you feel like you have the weight of the world on your shoulders and it is holding ___21___ down, find a way to take a break.___22___ (remember) that you can always give up when you hit your limit and start over when you feel ready again.

Simone Biles, with a ___23___ (combine) total of 32 Olympic and World Championship medals, got a case of the “twisties” at the Olympics in Tokyo last year. This means that when doing flips (空翻) or twists, the world’s greatest gymnast had a hard time figuring out ___24___ the ground was. So, she told the world she wasn’t going to compete ___25___ she knew her limits. If she had pushed herself at all costs, she might have ended up with a lifelong injury. Instead, she knew when ___26___ (tell) people she wasn’t OK.

As a four-time Grand Slam winner at the age of 23 the Japanese tennis player Naomi Osaka ___27___ (drop) out of the 2021 French Open. She announced that she needed a break ___28___ the spotlight to work on her mental health. In a TIME magazine interview before the Olympics, she said, “I do hope that people ___29___ relate and understand it’s OK to not be OK, and it’s OK to talk about it. There are people ____30____ experiences are inspiring, and there is usually light at the end of any tunnel.”

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

The Lipstick Effect

In 2020, the world was plunged into an economic downturn as the COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread closures to businesses. Under these circumstances, millions of people ___31___ found themselves facing financial insecurity. During such times of economic hardship, one may naturally expect that consumer markets will see a decline in expenditure, as people everywhere feel ___32___ to making only “essential” purchases. However, a curious phenomenon known as the “lipstick effect” can often be observed.

The lipstick effect refers to the phenomenon of consumers spending on small luxury goods even when an economic depression occurs. This phenomenon was ___33___ the “lipstick effect” in 2001 by Leonard Lauder, chairman of luxury cosmetic company Estée Lauder. He had not only witnessed the phenomenon at work but also realized that it was especially ___34___ in the case of lipstick and other cosmetic products.

So, how exactly do consumers who are short of cash ___35___ making such purchases? First and perhaps most ___36___, consumers may simply wish to give themselves treats now and again to provide distractions from their financial insecurity. Another ___37___ has to do with labour markets. Specifically, during the economic depression, job seeking tends to become more competitive. Thus, people ___38___ employment may perceive a need to spend money on certain products to improve their physical appearance. By using products such as lipstick, they may feel more confident during job interviews.

Whatever the causes of the lipstick effect, this phenomenon is no short-lived ___39___. During the global depression of 2007-2009, sales of cosmetic in the United States increased by around 5%. Based on such data, it seems that even in the current insecure economic ___40___, the luxury cosmetics industry is one that will be sticking around.

III.Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

The human memory is phenomenally strong. It also has a habit of getting things badly wrong. According to Jonathan Hancock our memory expert, faulty memories can be ___41___ revealing.

Just last week,___42___, my wife and I were discussing how we’d chosen our youngest son’s name. I had a ___43___ memory of us writing out a list of possible names, but stopping after just a few because we’d spotted one we both loved.

My wife ___44___. In her memory, we’d had a much longer list, and gone back and chosen one from the middle of the list.

So we dug out the piece of paper we’d used-and found that we’d actually done something completely ___45___ to choose Nate’s name.

Memory mistakes happen on a larger scale, too. The “Mandela Effect” is when lots of people have confident recollections that turn out to be ___46___. It was named by researchers who were discussing their strong memories of Nelson Mandela’s death in prison-when he actually lived for 23 years after his ___47___.

There are plenty of other examples of this phenomenon. If you’re sure that you remember seeing the Monopoly Man wearing a spyglass, for instance, or hearing a wicked queen say “Mirror, mirror on the wall,” you’ve ___48___ it yourself (he doesn’t, and she says, “Magic mirror on the wall”___49___).

So what’s going on? Well, for starters, memory often works by ___50___, and similar bits of information can overlap in our brains. We’re also good at “filling in the blanks” with details that are logical but untrue. What’s more, whenever we run through a memory, we make it stronger—___51___ any bits that were wrong.

But there’s plenty of good news here, too.

Everyone misremembers. We shouldn’t be too hard on ourselves when we make mistakes. The mental associations that sometimes lead to ___52___ can also help us to find information otherwise difficult to locate.

If you’re ___53___ with someone’s name, try thinking of things you associate with them, and see if your brain gets the push it needs.

Discussing your memories is great mental exercise. It highlights strengths and weaknesses, and lets you learn tips from others.

___54___ memories often builds a much more accurate picture. That was certainly true for my wife and me.

Make sure to remember that remembering is a creative ___55___: mind-blowingly powerful, and also likely to make mistakes.

41. A. subsequently B. extremely C. rarely D. instantly

42. A. on the contrary B. for example C. in addition D. by the way

43. A. faint B. smart C. painful D. vivid

44. A. inferred B. hesitated C. confirmed D. disagreed

45. A. different B. subjective C. primitive D. contradictory

46. A. wrong B. consistent C. substantial D. right

47. A. rejection B. release C. imprisonment D. movement

48. A. experienced B. witnessed C. anticipated D. spread

49. A. though B. finally C. instead D. otherwise

50. A. conservation B. separation C. facilitation D. association

51. A. excluding B. regarding C. including D. considering

52. A. errors B. trials C. facts D. data

53 A. competing B. struggling C. corresponding D. exchanging

54 A. Attaining B. Boosting C. Perceiving D. Comparing

55. A. component B. phase C. outcome D. process

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

A rare 765-year-old gold coin found on farm land in Devon in south-west England is expected to sell for up to half a million pounds at auction. It is believed that the coin was made more than 750 years ago, during the rule of the English King Henry III. It is one of only eight known to exist.

Featuring a picture of King Henry III on one side and a cross and roses on the other, the coin is around 2.5 centimetres across. It was made with gold that came from north Africa. It was found in September last year by a detectorist (someone who looks for items buried underground using a metal detector) in Hemyock village. The detectorist had no idea how rare the coin was until he posted a photo of it on social media, where it was spotted by a history expert.

The finder, who doesn’t want to be named, was told to take the coin to the British Museum, where it was confirmed that the coin was very rare. According to the law, the finder is allowed to keep it because it’s a single coin and not part of a bigger haul but he has decided to sell it. He told the BBC, “The coin was found in an unappealing field and could quite easily have never been recovered. Now it is protected for future generations to enjoy.”

The coin is especially valuable because it was one of England’s first gold coins. The country’s coins were made of silver until King Henry III, who ruled from 1216 until his death in 1272, introduced gold ones with his picture on them.

Professor David Carpenter at King’s College London, has traced the coin back to a man called John de Hidon, who was the lord of Hemyock Manor. Carpenter thinks the coin may have fallen out of someone’s pocket—either de Hidon himself or one of his staff.

56. The correct order of the events that happened is       .

①The value of the coin was confirmed.

②A coin was unearthed in the field.

③The coin was on display at the British Museum.

④The coin was intended for sale.

⑤The coin caught the attention of a history expert.

A. ①③②④ B. ②⑤①④

C. ②①⑤④③ D. ④②①③⑤

57. Which of the following aspects is mentioned about the coin?

A. Its exhibition. B. Its significance.

C. Its preservation. D. Its distribution.

58. The underlined word “haul” in the third paragraph probably means       .

A. stolen or illegal things B. imported goods

C. patented cultural items D. hidden mineral resources

59. Which of the following may be the best title for the news story?

A. How to Discover Hidden Treasure B. A Coin Sold for Millions

C. History Miraculously Repeats Itself D. Treasure Hunter Strikes Gold

(B)

60. What can be learned about the Medical Research Foundation?

A. It is a UK-based medical center for rare diseases.

B. It is breaking ground in tackling antimicrobial resistance.

C. It is famous for training next generations of scientists.

D. It is a section of the Medical Research Council.

61. If Jenny would like to be kept informed of the work of the Medical Research Foundation via email, she should________.

A. fill in the form at the bottom

B. scan the QR code on the right

C. click the provided website link

D. send an email to the foundation

62. The whole page is devoted to________.

A. advocating one charitable agency

B. introducing some brilliant scientists

C. launching an appeal for donations

D. raising awareness of global health challenges

(C)

Children often learn new languages more easily than adults do, but it’s unclear why. Some theorize that grasping a language requires absorbing subtle patterns unconsciously and that adults’ superior conscious reasoning is to blame. New research suggests that, indeed, grown-ups might just be too smart for their own good.

For a recent study in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, a group of Belgian adults at the same time read and heard strings of four made-up words (such as “kieng nief siet hiem”).

Specific consonants (辅音) always appeared at the beginning or end of a word if the word contained a certain vowel (元音). Participants next read the sequences aloud quickly. Their ability to avoid mistakes doing so indicated how well they absorbed the consonant-vowel patterns.

But before exposure to the new words, the participants had carried out a separate test: pressing keys to react to letters and numbers. Some got a much faster, more mentally draining version of this test.

Those who did the difficult version claimed greater mental exhaustion afterward-but performed better on the following language task The researchers assume that tired learners used less conscious analysis on the word rules: they were free to learn like a child.

For a related paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, the research team had English-speaking adults listen to streams of syllables (音节) secretly grouped into three-syllable “words.” Later, they played pairs of three-syllable units; one word in the pair came from the stream, and one was a new combination. The participants guessed which word was familiar, then rated their confidence.

In one participant group, some had first done the original mentally draining test. In another, some had received magnetic pulses to interrupt activity in a brain area that previous research has linked to executive control. In both groups, these measures improved participants’ performance on the syllable task when they were unsure about their answers, indicating unconscious analysis of speech. Neuroscientist Michael Ullman, who was not involved in either paper, likes that both the studies added to mental burden differently and measured different skills. That’s really good in science because you’ve got evidences pointing to the same direction,” he says, adding that he would like to see higher language skills such as grammar studied this way.

63. The reason why some Belgians were given a more difficult test before the language task was that       .

A. they would have no time to prepare for the upcoming task

B. they would be too tired mentally to consciously analyze the rules

C. they could have something to refer to in the following task

D. they might compare the difficulty level of the two tasks

64. How did the participants who had received magnetic pulses do in the syllable task, compared with those who hadn’t?

A. They relied more upon conscious analysis.

B. They identified more familiar combinations.

C. They performed the task less confidently.

D. They were less able to control emotions.

65. What can be inferred from Michael Ullman’s remark?

A. The research result is not solid until grammar is included.

B. Subconscious mind remains to be explored in science.

C. The outcomes of the two researches back each other up

D. More evidence is needed to back the claim of the two papers.

66. Which of the following conclusions will the research team agree with?

A. Human brain processes languages in multiple ways.

B. Conscious analysis is the key to mastering a language.

C. Increasing mental health improves one’s language.

D. Reducing reasoning may help to learn a language.

Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Touching Emoji(表情符号)

Distancing amid the COVID-19 pandemic has made both physical and social connections a touch more difficult to maintain. For Stanford University graduate student Millie Salvato, being apart from her mother on the opposite coast has proved challenging.

____67____ In a new study, she and her colleagues demonstrated a wearable sleeve that can simulate (模拟) human touch and convey abstract social messages sent electronically. Salvato and her team measured how 37 participants expressed social information in different situations. In each test, one person wore a pressure-sensing device on an arm, and another touched it to respond to situations involving six intended meanings: attention seeking, gratitude, happiness, calming, love and sadness

After collecting 661 touch movements-squeezes, strokes, shakes, pokes, and the like-Salvato and her colleagues mapped the location and pressure of each. ____68____ Finally, they programmed a wearable sleeve to simulate these movements using eight embedded disks that shake when electronically signaled.

“It doesn’t feel like an actual human hand ... but it doesn’t feel like these separate motions either,” Salvato says, as one might expect from large moving disks. “It feels nice, honestly.” ____69____ For comparison, a previous study from Gerling’s laboratory found participants could match situations for touches from real human hands 57 percent of the time.

In the new study, “I think it’s interesting that participants can reliably understand what touch has been delivered to them at a pretty high rate, given the scarce amount of information that they have available to them,” Gerling says.

Previous research has found that social touch is important for physical and mental health. ____70____

A. One can’t help but wonder when new tech will convey emotion through a virtual touch.

B. Even with no training, 30 new study participants correctly matched the simulated touches to the six situations 45 percent of the time.

C. Sometimes a text or video call is not enough, and people in Salvato’s situation often long for a way to send a loving touch or comforting squeeze from afar.

D. In the future, instead of just sending a <3 to a loved one by phone or computer, adding a “touch emoji” might help us feel just a little bit closer.

E. Next, they used a machine-learning software to select the movements that were most reliably part of each response.

F. “It’s a unique work that looks at how our social touch is delivered and then... how to reproduce it,” says Gerling, a touch researcher not involved in the study.

IV. Summary Writing

71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Should Hand Feeding Dolphins Be Encouraged?

Some tourist centers train Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins to approach beachside public sighting areas or boats by hand-feeding them small amounts of fish every day. Because hand-fed males aggressively attack each other over the food, putting themselves and nearby humans in danger, tourist centers focus their hand feeding only on female dolphins, says Valerie Senigaglia at Murdoch University in Perth, Australia

But recent studies have shown that only 38% of the calves (崽) of hand-fed wild dolphins survive to three years of age, which is much lower than the average 77% survival rate for wild calves in general. To better understand why, Senigaglia and her colleagues evaluated the social behavior of dolphins around the Bunbury coast in Western Australia. In particular, they observed the individual behavior and movement of 35 dolphins, including 13 that had been hand-fed using a small boat. They regularly followed each dolphin for periods lasting from 20 minutes to 3 hours for two years in a row for a total of 180 hours.

They found that hand-fed dolphins swam in relatively large groups, but more readily broke away from them to join different ones. In general, they created weak ties with other group members. “You can feel lonely in a room full of people and it’s the same thing for dolphins,” says Senigaglia. Free-swimming dolphins that are fed by hand become less socially involved with their peers. As a result, their calves may grow up lacking vital social skills-which could explain, at least in part, why they are twice as likely to die before reaching adulthood as wild calves generally.

No wonder animal right activists are calling on the practice of hand-feeding dolphins to be stopped.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

V. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

72. 项目化学习旨在培养学生解决实际问题的能力。(mean) (汉译英)

73. 有被讨厌的勇气是活得淋漓尽致的第一步。(courage) (汉译英)

74. 惊叹于中国工人把集装箱变成酒店房间的速度，锦标赛组织者称他们为魔术师。(so...) (汉译英)

75. 在古代，二十四节气（the 24 solar terms）指导农民预测冷暖，春种秋收，如今其魅力依然如故。(as...as ) (汉译英)

VI. Guided Writing

76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假设你是明启中学学生李华，你校英语广播站计划在每周五中午开设名为“Talk and Talk”的栏目，目前正在招募主持人。请给广播站负责人 Mr. Li写一封信，应聘这一岗位。信中需包含以下内容：

1)应聘的理由;

2)专栏内容的策划。

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