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2023年中考英语总复习--介词
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这是一份2023年中考英语总复习--介词,共14页。
中考英语总复习代词--介词
1. 表时间的介词
(1) at, in与on
at
时间的某一时刻,即“点” eg: at 6 o’clock at noon
一刹那 eg: at that moment
某个节日期间(不仅仅是当天) eg: at the Christmas at the Spring Festival
某些习惯用法 eg: at night at supper
in
表示“在某一较长时间内”,如世纪、年、月、季、周等。
eg: in the 21st century in 2015 in summer
泛指一天的上午、下午或晚上 eg: in the afternoon in the evening
某些固定搭配中 eg: in time in the future
on
“某月某日”或“一周内某天” eg: on May 8th on Sunday
具体(限定)的日子;节日的当天 eg: on Mother’s Day
在某个特定的早、中、晚 eg: on Monday evening on a cold night
(2) in, after与before
in
与将来时连用表示“在……之后”,后接时间段。eg: He will be back in two days.
after
与将来时连用表示“在……之后”,后接时间点 eg: He’ll come back after two o’clock
与过去时连用表示“在……之后”,后接时间段 eg: He got back from the US after two weeks.
before
表示“在……之前”. eg:I have to go to bed before 10:00.
(3) for, during与through
for后接时间段,意为“(时间)长达…”
eg: I have lived here for ten years.
during后接时间段,意为“在……期间”,不用于现在完成时
eg:Mobile phones should be kept off during the meeting.
through表示“从……开始到……结束”,强调动作发生的全过程
eg: It’s very hot through the whole summer this year.
(4) by, until与till
by
“到……的时候”;“当(某时候)到了” eg: By the time you get home, I will be away.
最迟不超过某一时刻/日期之前。 eg: Hand in your homework by Monday.
until/till
用于肯定句,意为“直到……为止”,谓语动词必须用延续性动词
eg: I’m really tired because I studied until midnight last night.
用于否定句,意为“直到……才……”,谓语动词用短暂性动词
eg:I didn’t leave the classroom until 9 o’clock.
(5) since与from
since+时间点, 表示“自从……起(一直到现在)”, 常用现在完成时态
eg: It’s been three years since we last saw our primary school classmates.
from表示“从...起”,常见固搭from...to...
eg: Lunch is from 12:00 to 1:00.
2.表示空间、地点、方位的介词
(1)at, in, on与to
at 表示“在(小地方)”或“在……附近,旁边”。 eg: at the station at Park Street
in表示“在(大地方)”或“在……范围之内”。 eg:Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.
on
表示“在……(的平面)上” eg: on the desk
表示A地位于B地的外面且接壤
eg: Hunan Province lies on the west of Jiangxi Province.
to 表示“在……范围之外”,即A、B两地不接壤
eg: Japan lies to the east of China.
(2) between与among
between在……中间,指两者之间。
eg:The pay phone is between the post office and the library.
among在……中间,指三者或三者以上之间。
eg:They walked among the crowd in City Square.
(3) above和below
above指“在……上方”,不强调是否垂直,同below相对
eg:The bird is flying above my head.
over指“在……(垂直的)正上方”,与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触,同under相对
eg:Ben’s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows.
over表示“(覆盖)在……上”。
eg: He spread the table cloth over the table.
(4) across, through与over
across “过;横过;穿过”,指从表面走过或从一边到另一边,常和walk, go等动词连用。
eg: She walked across the field.
through“穿过;通过(洞、管道等);从……的一端到另一端”,指从物体的内部通过。
eg: The ball went through the window.
over“(表示方向)越过”,指从物体表面之上或空间之上通过、越过。
eg: He jumped over the hurdle.
3. 表示方式、手段或工具的介词。
by
由,被(引出施动者),引导被动语态。 eg: He was told the plan by his classmate.
和交通相关的名词连用,表示交通方式。 eg: I’m going there by sea.
用……手段或方式,后接动名词 eg: I make a living by selling flowers.
with
用(多指用工具、身体部位或某个器官) eg: You can see it with your own eyes.
in
用(语言、工具) He made the speech in English.
用于封闭型的交通工具前,名词前有限定词 He goes to work in a car.
on
用于开放型或者半开放型的交通工具前,名词前有限定词
eg: My mother bought me a toy on the train.
“以……方式” ,用于手段或通讯方式
eg: They talked on the phone last night.
4. 表示 “除了……” 的介词
besides “除……之外还有……”,指在整体中加入一部分
eg:There will be five of us for dinner besides John.
except “除……以外”,表示从所提到的人或事物中除去一部分
eg:We all study English except her.
But “除……以外”,常用于nothing but...结构
eg:There is nothing but a bed in the room.
5. 其他常考介词
about关于,对于
eg: Last month we asked our students about their free time activities.
around环绕;在……周围
eg: The earth goes around the sun.
against
反对;违反;逆 against the law
倚;碰;撞 The rain is beating against the window.
behind 在……后面
eg: The bus station is across from the bank, behind the hotel.
beyond 超出;除…之外
eg: The beauty of my town is beyond words.
including 包含,包括
eg: There are 10 people, including you.
like
像…一样
eg: I’m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.
例如,比如
eg: She looks best in bright colors, like pink and red.
near在……附近;靠近;接近;临近。
eg: It's a relaxing and peaceful place near a lake.
opposite与……相对;在……对面
eg: The bank is opposite to the supermarket.
with
有,具有
eg: I’d like one bowl of mapo tofu with rice.
和……在一起
eg: I enjoy playing Chinese chess with my grandpa.
without
不,没有
eg: Children are not allowed to swim in the river without their parents.
【知识汇总】
1. in
in this way用这种方式 in common共同的,共有的
in space在太空 in English用英语
in danger处于危险中 in general 一般而言
in trouble处于困境中 in line排成一行
in agreement同意 in person亲自
in doubt怀疑 in return 作为回报
in fact事实上 in public公开;公众
in need在危难中 in order整齐;秩序井然
in short总之 in silence沉默
in style流行时尚 in surprise吃惊地
in time及时地 in total总共
in turn轮流 in a word总之
in a hurry匆忙;急忙 in one’s opinion依某人看
in order to为了 in other words 换句话说
in the way妨碍挡道
2. on短语
on time准时 on board在船(火车、飞机)上
on business出差 on duty值日
on fire着火,失火 on foot步行
on holiday度假 on purpose故意
on sale出售;降价出售 on show展出
on one’s own独立地;独自
3. to短语
to one’s surprise令某人吃惊的是 to be honest老实说
to start with首先;作为开始
4. by短语
by accident偶然 by mistake错误地;无意中
by the way顺便说一下;顺便问一下
5.其他介词短语
after all毕竟;终究 as you know如你所知
according to根据 across from在……对面
as for至于;关于 at last最后
because of因为 for example例如
as a result结果 instead of代替,而不是
less than少于 more than多于
such as比如 thanks to幸亏
together with和……一起 without doubt毫无疑问
at the beginning在开始时 all of a sudden 突然
【巩固练习】
1.On sunny days, my grandma often reads a novel ____ the window.
A. by B. for C. with D. from
【答案】A
【解析】句意:在晴朗的日子里,我的奶奶经常在窗户旁边读小说。by在…旁边;通过…方式;for为了,因为;with和…一起;用;from来自…,从…。根据句意可知,这里考查短语by the window在窗户旁边,故应选A。
2.Beijing Expo 2019 opened to the public ________ 29th April. It will last over five months.
A. at B. in C. on D. of
【答案】C
【解析】句意:2019年北京世博会于4月29日开幕。它将持续五个多月。考查介词辨析。表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等用 at;泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间,一般用 in;若表示星期几或某一特定的日期,则用 on;of表所属,不表时间。29th April 4月29日,是一个具体的日期,需用介词on;根据句意语法,可知选C。
3.–I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey.
-You shouldn’t watch TV too much. It’s bad _________ your eyes.
A. on B. in C. for D. with
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——长途旅行后我想看一整天的电视。——你不应该看电视太多。它对你的眼睛有害。考查介词辨析。be bad for有害于,固定短语;根据You shouldn’t watch TV too much.可知看电视太多对眼睛有害,故选C。
4.The high speed train _____ Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now. The train ride takes only about three hours.
A. from B. among C. in D. between
【答案】D
【解析】句意:青岛到北京的高速列车现在开得更快了。乘坐火车只需要三个小时。A. from从……起,来自;B. among在(其)中,……之一;C. in在……里;D. between在两者之间。between…and…,在两者之间,可以连接两个并列的成分,故答案为D。
5.The instructions tell us everything ____________ about how to make the model ship.
A. by hand B. by chance C. in detail D. in person
【答案】C
【解析】句意:说明书详细地告诉我们如何制做模型船。考查介词短语。A. by hand用手;B. by chance偶然;C. in detail详细地;D. in person亲自。根据语境关于如何制做模型船,可知说明书会“详细地”告诉我们;结合选项可知C选项符合题意,故答案选C。
6.I enjoy talking with my classmates_______our way to school.
A. on B. at C. in D. under
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我喜欢在上学的路上和同学们聊天。A. on在……上;B. at在(某处);C. in在……里;D. under在……下面。on one’s way to…意为“在去……的路上”。故答案为A。
7.__________ the help of modern technology, scientists got a photo of a black hole.
A. At B. In C. On D. With
【答案】D
【解析】句意:随着当代科技的发展,科学家们拍到了一张黑洞的照片。A. At在……;B. In在……里面;C. On在……上;D. With随着,带有。With the help of modern technology表示随着科技的发展。根据题意,故选D。
8.He wrote his phone number_______a piece of paper.
A. on B. for C. in D. from
【答案】A
【解析】句意:他把电话号码写在一张纸上。考查介词辨析。A. on在…上;B. for为了,给;C. in 在…里;D. from从,来自。 “在一张纸上”使用介词on,on a piece of paper;结合句意可知填on;选A。
9.We will attend the junior high graduation ceremony _________June 21st, 2019.
A. in B. at C. on
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我们将参加2019年6月21日举行的初中毕业典礼。A. in在,后加年,月,季节,一天中的上午,下午或晚上;B. at在……,加具体时间点;C. on在……,后加节日,星期几,具体的日期。June 21st, 2019是具体的日期用介词on。根据题意,故选C。
10.Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome to Beijing!! And if you need any help, please call me _____010-5558 6390.
A. at B. on C. with D. by
【答案】A
【解析】句意:女士们先生们,欢迎来到北京!!如果您需要帮助,请拨打010-5558 6390联系我。A. at 在(某处);B. on在……上;C. with具有;D. by在…旁边。call sb. at +电话号码:拨打电话号码找某人;故选A。
11.To my great joy, my family is always ________me whatever I decide to do.
A. behind B. to C. from D. against
【答案】A
【解析】句意:令我高兴的是,无论我决定做什么,我的家人总是支持我。考查介词辨析。behind在……的后面;to到……;from从……;against反对。behind sb. 在某人后面,引申义表示“支持某人”;根据To my great joy,可知“家人总是支持我的决定”符合句意,故选A。
12.In the world, more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water _____about 570 million children.
A. with B. for C. towards
【答案】B
【解析】句意:在世界上,超过30%的学校没有为大约5.7亿儿童提供安全的饮用水。provide sth for sb/ provide sb with sth,为某人提供某物,这是固定搭配。根据句子结构,这里用到短语provide sth for sb ,故选B。
13.-Is there__________ in today's morning news on CCTV-1?
-Yes, France Team beat Korea Team by 4:0 in the 8th FIFA Women's World Cup in France _____June 8, 201
A. anything special, on B. something special, in
C. special something, on D. anything special, in
【答案】A
【解析】句意:---今天中央电视一台的午间新闻有什么特别的吗?----是的,2019年6月8日,在法国举行的第8届国际足联女子世界杯上法国队以4:0击败韩国队。考查不定代词和时间介词。形容词修饰不定代词要后置,可知排除C;anything special:特别事情,一般用于否定句或疑问句中,something special:特别的事情,一般用于肯定句;本句是一般疑问句,可知使用anything special,故排除B;on用于具体的某一天,故“在6月8日”使用介词on;选A。
14.We planted some flowers _______ the garden yesterday.
A. on B. to C. in D. of
【答案】C
【解析】句意:昨天我们在花园里种植了一些花。on在…上面;to到…;in在…里面;of…的。根据句意和常识可知,花应该种在花园里,故应选C。
15.Change the information you read into a mind map.______ , you can remember it well and think of it later easily.
A. In this way B. At the same time C. On the other hand
【答案】A
【解析】句意:把你读到的信息转换成思维导图,用这种方式,你可以更好得记住它,之后也可以很简单地想起它。In this way用这种方式;At the same time同时;On the other hand另一方面。根据句意可知,空前给我们提出了一个建议,空后表示这样做的结果,故A选项符合句意,选A。
16.This story is_________ simple English. My little sister can read it.
A. for B. in C. with D. by
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这个故事是用简单的英语写的,我妹妹能读它。for为了, in在……里面,用;with有,用; by被;根据My little sister can read it.可知是用简单的英语,in用,指用什么语言;with用,指用什么工具;故选B。
17.I think tea will taste better ____ some milk in it.
A. for B. with C. from D. at
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我认为里面有牛奶的茶尝起来更好。for为了; with和,有;from从; at在;根据tea 和some milk in it可知是在里面带有一些牛奶;故选B。
18.— Hi,Bob.You don't look well.What's the matter ______you?
—I talked too much and didn't have any water last night.I have a sore throat now.
A. in B. of C. with
【答案】C
【解析】句意:— —你好,鲍勃。你看起来不太好。你怎么了? — —我昨晚说得太多了,没有喝水。我现在喉咙痛。A. in在……里;B. of……的;C. with具有。根据I talked too much and didn't have any water last night. I have a sore throat now. 我昨晚说得太多了,没有喝水。我现在喉咙痛。可知,上文应该用What's the matter with you?你怎么了?来问。故选C。
19.— When did Neil Armstrong walk on the moon?
—________July 20th, 1969.
A. In B. At C. For D. On
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——尼尔•阿姆斯特朗什么时候登上月球?——在1969年7月20日。
考查介词辨析。根据后面的July 20th, 1969.“1969年7月20日”指的是具体的某一天,所以应用介词on,结合选项可知D选项符合题意,故答案选D。
20.—When will the movie The King Lion《狮子王》return to movie theaters in America?
—_______ July.
A. On B. At C. In
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——电影《狮子王》什么时候会回到美国的电影院?——七月份。A. On用在某一天的前面;B. At用在几点钟的前面;C. In用在段时间前,如月,季,年等,in July在七月份。故答案为C。
21.—Shall I help you go ________the street, Grandpa?
—No, thanks. I can manage it myself.
A. on B. with C. across D. along
【答案】C
【解析】句意:— —爷爷,我帮你过街好吗? — —不,谢谢。但我自己能行。A. on在……上;B. with和…在一起;C. across横过;D. along沿着。根据Shall I help you go______ the street, Grandpa? 我帮你_______ 好吗?可知,应该选择across横过;across the street:穿过街道。故选C。
22.It’s been 100 years since the May Fourth Movement took place _____ May 4, 1919.
A. for B. in C. at D. on
【答案】D
【解析】句意:五四运动自1919年5月4日开始至今已有100年的历史。A. for+一段时间;B. in加一天的上午,下午或晚上;C. at加具体的时间点;D. on具体的日期,节日。May 4, 1919.是具体的日期用介词on。根据题意,故选D。
23.The People's Republic of China was founded _____ October 1st,1949. We'll celebrate its 70th anniversary this year.
A. in B. on C. at
【答案】B
【解析】句意:中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日。今年我们要庆祝它70周年。
A. in在…,后跟一天中的上午,下午或晚上,或跟某年某月某个季节;B. on在,后跟具体的日期,或节日或星期几;C. at后跟具体的时间点。October 1st,1949.是具体的日期,这里用介词on。根据题意,故选B。
24.—Excuse me. Where is the nearest bookstore?
—Go _______Center Street and you' ll find it.
A. For B. along C. with
【答案】B
【解析】句意“-打扰一下,最近的书店在哪里?-沿着中心街道走你就会找到它”。
A.为了;B.沿着;C.和。根据句意可知,表示“沿着中心街道走”。go along沿着,故选B。
25.John often takes a walk _______ his grandpa after dinner.
A. to B. for C. along D. with
【答案】D
【解析】句意:约翰经常晚饭后和他爷爷一起散步。A. to向,朝;B. for为了;C. along顺着;D. with和…在一起。本题考查take a walk with sb. 和某人一起散步。语境是:约翰经常晚饭后和他爷爷一起散步。故选D。
26.A recent study in Australia shows that parents are _______ the top five world’s hardest jobs
A. between B. among C. from D. above
【答案】B
【解析】句意“一份在澳大利亚最近的研究表明,父母在世界上最困难的五大职业中”。A.两者之间;B.三者或三者以上之间;C.来自;D.在……上(相对水平高度,不一定是正上方)。根据the top five world’s hardest jobs可知,在世界最困难的五大职业中,表示“三者或三者以上之间”,用among,故选B。
27.—The Wandering Earth (流浪地球) tells us a story about how people tried to save the earth.
—Yes. In the film humans chose to stay with the earth_________ running away from it.
A. because of B. together with C. such as D. instead of
【答案】D
【解析】句意“-《流浪地球》这部电影告诉我们一个关于人们如何尝试着拯救地球的故事。-是的,在这部电影中,人类选择和地球待在一起而不是从地球上逃离”。A.由于;B.一起;C.例如;D.而不是。根据句意可知,表示“而不是逃离地球”,故选D。
28.My English teacher always comes into the classroom _______ a smile.
A. by B. for C. on D. with
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我的英语老师总是带着微笑进入教室。
by到…时候;通过…方式;被;for为了,因为;on在…上面;with和…一起;带有。根据句意可知,这里表示“带着微笑进入教室”,故应选D。
29.My brother joined the army_____September last year.
A. on B. by C. at D. in
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我哥哥去年九月参军。
A. on在…上;B. by在…旁边;C. at在(某时间或时刻);D. in在(某范围或空间内的)某一点。在某年某月用介词in。故选D。
30.— Is that your headmaster?
—You mean the man _______blue?
A. on B. with C. in
【答案】C
【解析】句意“-那是你们的校长吗?-你的意思是穿蓝色衣服的那个男人吗?”。A.在……上;B.和,带有;C.在……里;in+颜色“穿某种颜色的衣服”。根据空后blue可知,译为“穿蓝色衣服的男人”,故选C。
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