2022-2023学年河南省郑州市金水区励德双语学校高三（上）期末英语试卷(含答案解析)

这是一份2022-2023学年河南省郑州市金水区励德双语学校高三（上）期末英语试卷(含答案解析)，共18页。

2022-2023学年河南省郑州市金水区励德双语学校高三（上）期末英语试卷

A
Copenhagen has GREAT public transport.It is reliable，safe，and easily accessible.Of course，like everything in Copenhagen，it is not cheap.The system can be a little confusing，even for locals，but we're here to help simplify it all for you!And today our focus is Travelling with a Bike.
BIKES ON THE TRAIN
Bicycles can be taken on s-tog lines for free but you can't take bikes through Nørreport station during peak hours.
To take your bike on a train，you need to put it on the first or last carriage，clearly marked with large signs of bicycles on the outside.
To take a bike on a regional train，which takes you to parts of Denmark outside Copenhagen，you must buy an extra ticket.The price depends on the distance and varies from 14 kr to 28 kr.
BIKES ON THE METRO
Bicycles can be taken on the metro for an extra 13 kr.You need to pay for the bike with its own ticket.You can't take your bike on the metro during peak hours.
BIKES ON THE BUS
You can bring a bike on a bus but each bus is limited to two bikes，even if there is much space.Generally，people do not travel with their bikes on buses in Copenhagen.
BIKES ON THE FERRY（渡轮）
Charges for bicycles depend on the company and the destination.You will need to check with the ferry companies.When you book the ticket，you must state that you have a cycle，even if it's free of charge.
1. Who is this text probably intended for？ ______
A. Tourist guides. B. Ticket inspectors.
C. Local citizens. D. Bike travelers.
2. On which public transport can you take a bike for free？ ______
A. A peak time s-tog train. B. A weekday regional train.
C. An off-peak metro train. D. A weekend ferry
3. What is the disadvantage of bringing a bike on a bus？ ______
A. Buses are too crowded.
B. Availability is not guaranteed.
C. It's against the local custom.
D. It's not welcomed by other passengers.
B
I was born in Karachị，Pakistan.After completing my bachelor's degree in MBBS，I got a scholarship in 2014 from China Scholarship Council to do a master's in Neurosurgery at Southeast University Nanjing，China.I couldn't wait to start my postgraduate study in China.In my first year，I learned the Chinese language，and passed the HSK level 5.It helped me a lot as a volunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic（流行病）.
In February 2020，when the COVID-19 pandemic was on peak，the school chose me as a volunteer.which was a great honor for me.It was challenging to decide whether I should stay here or go back home because my family forced me to return home.At that time，I thought I must stand out in this critical moment so I was handed a lot of responsibilities related to the students' daily needs.
Every day，I had to take an order from students for their dinners and brought food for them.Besides，I had to record their temperatures three times a day，for which the universities had given a thermometer（温度计） to them all.Sometimes if.a student felt sick，it was my responsibility to accompany him to the hospital.Also，I had to go to the supermarket to bring groceries for them、for which I had to ask every individual the daily necessities they needed.I provided psychological assistance，emotional comfort，and counseling to them.As the pandemic was getting better，I must stay at the dormitory gate to ensure that the students were wearing masks，having the permission cards to go out，and request them to come back on time，
It has sharpened my skills in becoming in better defender and developed a sense of pride in contributing to community.
4. What probably helps the author become a volunteer？ ______
A. Scholarship from the Council. B. His completion of courses.
C. His mastery of Chinese. D. Support from his family.
5. What did the author sacrifice to be a volunteer？ ______
A. His health. B. His time with family.
C. His reputation. D. His chance of education.
6. Which duty is excluded as a volunteer？ ______
A. Accompanying students to the hospital.
B. Bringing necessities to students.
C. Handing out permission cards to students.
D. Comforting and inspiring students.
7. What message does the author convey in the text？ ______
A. Roses given，fragrance in hand.
B. It's easier said than done.
C. Two heads are better than one.
D. God helps those who help themselves.
C
Our planet quakes thousands of times a year，but we still can't predict exactly when and where earthquakes will strike.What if animals' odd behavior could warn us？
Researchers have reviewed hundreds of reports on pre-quake abnormal animal behaviors，but more were just .Geologist Jim Berkland counted newspaper ads looking for runaway cats and dogs.On October 13，1989，he told a newspaper reporter a big quake would strike in a week.Four days later，the Loma Prieta mega-quake hit!But the scientific community still rejected Berkland's theory.He didn't document every prediction，so nobody could measure his accuracy rate.
Actual scientific evidence has to be repeatable.And a connection between a cause and an effect has to be shown to be stronger than random chance through careful experimentation and data collection.California researchers in the 1970s happened to have built controlled habitats to monitor the wheel-running activity of pocket mice.These habitats happened to be in an active earthquake area.Then the 1971 San Fernando earthquake struck nearby.The researchers checked their data and found no big changes in how long the animals ran in their wheels or stayed underground before the earthquake activity.What might the next experiment show？
Researchers from 150 universities worldwide are working on a new study called the ICARUS project.The project tracks many small animal species such as birds，bats，and turtles for the purpose of scientific research.One group of researchers is looking for possible connections between animal behavior and earthquakes.If they find a reliable connection，this could save hundreds of thousands of human lives.ICARUS aims to power an app that will give people hours to get to safety.
However，not everyone is hopeful.Geologist Wendy Bohon said that ICARUS is doing some "cool things，" but she knows animal behavior is hard to pin down. "My cat could act crazy before an earthquake，" she says. "But it also acts crazy if somebody uses the can opener."
8. What does the underlined word "anecdotes" mean in paragraph 2？ ______
A. Real-life news stories. B. Random individual studies.
C. Repeated scientific reports. D. Unproved personal accounts.
9. Why was Berkland's theory rejected by the scientific community？ ______
A. He used unreliable data from newspaper ads.
B. His document wasn't consistent with his theory.
C. His study didn't include enough animal samples.
D. He failed to prove the accuracy of his predictions.
10. What is the ultimate goal of the ICARUS project？ ______
A. To provide accurate pre-quake warnings.
B. To develop an app to call for help during quakes.
C. To seek worldwide cooperations in quake prediction.
D. To find connections between animal behaviors and quakes.
11. What is Wendy Bohon's attitude towards the ICARUS project？ ______
A. Disapproving. B. Doubtful. C. Intolerant. D. Unclear
D
Pieter Bruegel's iconic 1565 painting The Harvesters hangs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.The work showed people harvesting wheat nearly as tall as they were."nowadays，however，if you walk through a wheat field，you basically see that wheat is about knee-height.The reduced height is essentially a consequence of breeding （培育）along with genes for increasing production to feed a growing population，" biologist De Smet explained.
De Smet says wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can allow us to track the transformation of food crops over time.He teamed up with art historian Vergauwen，a friend since childhood，to document such artwork around the world.They have been mainly looking at things where they can spot changes in shape，color and size.
Their interest in plants in artwork began with a visit to the Hermitage Museum，where they noticed an odd-looking watermelon in an early-17th-century painting.It appeared to be pale and white on the inside.Biologist De Smet assumed the painter had done a poor job.But art historian Vergauwen had a different idea. "No，this is one of the best painters ever from that era.So if he painted it like that，that's the way it must have looked like，" he explained.
Other paintings revealed that both red and white watermelons were grown during the 17th century."With all the genetic knowledge we now have，we can look in more detail how something comes about，"De Smet said. "For example，until the 18th century，European strawberries appeared tiny in paintings-they then grew in size as they were crossbred with North American varieties."
Ultimately，the team hopes to create an online research database of historical plant artwork.They seek the contributions of art enthusiasts around the world via the social media. "However，" Vergauwen reminds， "if you're going to use，for example，Picasso to try and understand how a pear looked in the early 20th century，you might be misled."
12. What can we learn about the painting The Harvesters？ ______
A. It shows how people successfully grew wheat.
B. It proves that wheat was much shorter in the past.
C. It explains the consequence of different breeding methods.
D. It gives clues about how wheat in the 16th century looked like.
13. What inspired the research team to start their study？ ______
A. Their preference for food crops.
B. Their friendship since childhood.
C. Their divided views on an old painting.
D. Their shared interest in Hermitage Museum.
14. What is the message from Vergauwen in the last paragraph？ ______
A. Art enthusiasts are not careful enough.
B. Abstract paintings often mislead people.
C. The source paintings need to be realistic.
D. Picasso's paintings are hard to understand.
15. What is the purpose of the text？ ______
A. To comment on historical plant paintings.
B. To tell interesting stories behind plant artwork.
C. To inform readers of a scientific breakthrough.
D. To introduce a study on food crop transformation.
Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life.Often due to various pressures，
we tend to ignore our health. (1) It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.
(2) We need to be fit to have a healthy body.Similarly，if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.Health is the state of our body at a given time.We may not have any disease but still have a weak body，which is ready to be targeted by viruses. (3) This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. (4) For instance，we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally，it is important to relax our body.We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day.It helps in improving our immune （免疫） system and protects us against diseases.
(5) This，in turn，gives us new goals of health and fitness.

A．This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.
B．Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C．It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D．For instance，we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E．If we keep our body fit，we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F．Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
G．There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
I became a gardener when I was twelve．My early(21)of gardening may not have original from my love for nature．It was to (22)my parents．
At that time，we had a big yard in which a beautiful maple tree stood．But my mother often looked with (23)at this work of natural art．Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish her，"something else to (24)!"Seeing the neighbors busy with gardening，my father ever thought it a waste of time．
At that age，I always did something(25)to whatever my parents did!If gardening were something they found(26)，I would plant a garden!
I planted some lily（百合花）seeds in the yard．But they failed to (27)．I continued to sunflower seeds and roses，Wild (28)joy，I found the first rose bloom（开花）．One by one，the flowers bloomed their heads off．(29)，I was touched by this land of wonder．
(30)，my parents showed no interest in my garden．My father even(31)at me because found it was (32)to move around my garden to the driveway．To my mother's(33)，I put her vase my real roses which，in her eyes，were simply weeds(34)flowers．
Regardless of their (35)，I kept on planting my garden and(36)to enjoy the pleasure gardening．Plants make such good companions：they breathe，they bloom，they(37)to care and love．
It has been many years since I made my first garden out of my desire to (38)my parent．Today I become known as Mrs．Greenthumbs，teaching gardening and hosting a gardening show which makes my parents feel very(39)．And now I could say it is my affection for(40)they makes me a real gardener．
21.  A. memory B. dream C. intention D. design
22.  A. please B. change C. help D. annoy
23.  A. doubt B. appreciation C. surprise D. excitement
24.  A. collect up B. care about C. clean up D. come in
25.  A. equal B. similar C. superior D. opposite
26.  A. painful B. valuable C. upsetting D. interesting
27.  A. come up B. break out C. hold on D. get through
28.  A. to B. with C. in D. by
29.  A. Luckily B. Cheerfully C. Regularly D. Eventually
30.  A. Instead B. However C. Therefore D. Besides
31.  A. shouted B. laughed C. glanced D. jumped
32.  A. convenient B. troublesome C. enjoyable D. dangerous
33.  A. sadness B. displeasure C. delight D. relief
34.  A. other than B. more than C. rather than D. less than
35.  A. dislike B. encouragement C. threat D. suggestion
36.  A. decided B. stopped C. continued D. struggled
37.  A. devote B. turn C. respond D. lead
38.  A. defeat B. satisfy C. respect D. challenge
39.  A. proud B. comfortable C. strange D. disappointed
40.  A. freedom B. life C. growth D. nature
41. The Yangtze River， (1) （know）in China as the Chang Jiang，is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country.Flowing from the Tibetan Plateau to the East China Sea，the Yangtze is a natural division (2) north and south.Driven by the (3) （curious） in my heart，I came to China and took part in a cruise（巡航）along part of the river last year.
Life on board was relaxing with plenty to occupy the time and mind.We passed Wuhan (4) in 1966 Chairman Mao，then in his 70s，famously swam across the Yangtze.Glorious temples rise over industrial ports while，high above the rocks，ancient coffins are hung in caves without being disturbed for (5) （century）.We also visited The Three Gorges Dam， (6) symbol of Chinese pride and power.As well as enormous hydro﹣electric output， (7) （it） increasing shipping ability benefits Chinese people quite a lot.
As a foreigner，I (8) （absorb） and charmed by the genuine warmth of welcome and unique culture during the trip. (9) （rare），if ever，have I enjoyed such a culturally rich and historically interesting trip.Now I am looking forward to (10) （visit）again China!
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
42. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\ ）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

When it comes to ocean，its pollution is becoming more and more seriously.World Ocean Day，falling on June 8th，is aiming at raising people's awareness of ocean conservation.
Not only ocean offer us sufficient food，but also it maintains the balance of nature.However，it is important to protect ocean.First of all，how we can do is to place importance on our daily actions.For example，garbages shouldn't be thrown into ocean.What's more，you can also call more people to protect ocean.The more people are involved，and the better our ocean environment will be.
All in all，it was high time that we devoted ourselves to protect ocean.
43. 假定你是校学生会主席李华，你校外教布朗先生在学校英语文化节中应邀给学生做了一场讲座。请你代表学生会给他写一封信，内容包括：
（1）表达感谢；
（2）告知讲座反响。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为120左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Mr Brown，             Sincerely yours，
Li Hua
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】D、A、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中的And today our focus is Travelling with a Bike. （今天我们的重点是骑自行车旅行。）可知这篇文章可能是写给自行车旅行者。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据BIKES ON THE TRAIN部分中的Bicycles can be taken on s-tog lines for free but you can't take bikes through Nørreport station during peak hours. （自行车可以免费乘坐s-tog线，但在高峰时段不能通过Nørreport站。）可知高峰时间s-tog列车上可以免费携带自行车。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据BIKES ON THE BUS部分中的You can bring a bike on a bus but each bus is limited to two bikes，even if there is much space.Generally，people do not travel with their bikes on buses in Copenhagen. （你可以带一辆自行车上公共汽车，但每辆公共汽车仅限于两辆自行车，即使有很大的空间。一般来说，在哥本哈根人们不携带自行车乘公共汽车。）可知在公共汽车上携带自行车不能得到保证。故选B。
本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了在哥本哈根的自行车旅行的相关情况。
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

4~7.【答案】C、B、C、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段In my first year.I learned the Chinese language，and passed the HSK level 5.It helped me a lot as a volunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic（流行病）.（在我的第一年。我学会了汉语，并通过了HSK五级考试。在 COVID-19 大流行病期间，作为志愿者，它对我有很大帮助。）可知，可能帮助作者成为志愿者的是他精通汉语。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。极据文章第二段It was challenging to decide whether I should stay here or go back home because my family forced me to return home.（决定我应该留在这里还是回家是很有挑战性的，因为我的家人强迫我回家。）可知，作者为了成为一名志愿者牺牲了他和家人在一起的时间。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章第三段As the pandemic was getting better，I must stay at the dormitory gate to ensure that the students were wearing masks，having the permission cards to go out，and request them to come back on time.（随着疫情的好转，我必须留在宿舍门口，确保学生戴着口罩，有出门许可卡，并要求他们准时回来。）可知，分发出门许可证不是作者作为志愿者的职责。故选C。
（4）主旨大意题。根据最后一段It has sharpened my skills in becoming in better fender and developed n sense of pride in contributing to community.（它提高了我成为更好的防御者的技能，并培养了为社区做出贡献的自豪感。）可知，在中国做志愿者使作者的防御技能得到了提升，也培养了为社区服务的自豪感，这就是"赠人玫瑰，手留余香"的最佳诠释。故选A。
本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了巴基斯坦的留学生疫情期间在中国做志愿者的故事。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

8~11.【答案】D、D、A、B
【解析】（1）词句猜测题。由文章第二段Researchers have reviewed hundreds of reports on pre-quake abnormal animal behaviors，but more were just        .Geologist Jim Berkland counted newspaper ads looking for runaway cats and dogs.（研究人员查阅了数百份关于地震前动物异常行为的报告，但更多的只是_________。地质学家吉姆•伯克兰统计了报纸上寻找离家出走的猫和狗的广告。）划线词前半句Researchers have reviewed hundreds of reports on pre-quake abnormal animal behaviors，（研究人员查阅了数百份关于地震前动物异常行为的报告。）和转折词but可知，这些地震前动物异常行为的报告是传闻，即"未经证实的报告"。A．Real-life news stories.真实的新闻故事；B．Random individual studies.随机个体研究；C．Repeated scientific reports.重复的科学报告；D．Unproved personal accounts.未经证实的个人报告。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。由文章第二段But the scientific community still rejected Berkland's theory.He didn't document every prediction，so nobody could measure his accuracy rate. （但是科学界仍然拒绝接受伯克兰的理论。他没有记录每一个预测，所以没有人能衡量他的准确率。）可知，伯克兰的理论被科学界拒绝，是因为他没能证明自己预测的准确性。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。由文章第四段One group of researchers is looking for possible connections between animal behavior and earthquakes.If they find a reliable connection，this could save hundreds of thousands of human lives.ICARUS aims to power an app that will give people hours to get to safety. （一组研究人员正在寻找动物行为和地震之间的可能联系。如果他们找到可靠的联系，这将挽救成千上万人的生命。ICARUS旨在为一款应用程序提供动力，让人们在几小时内到达安全地带。）可知，ICARUS项目的最终目标是提供准确的震前预警。故选A。
（4）观点态度题。由文章最后一段However，not everyone is hopeful.Geologist Wendy Bohon said that ICARUS is doing some "cool things，" but she knows animal behavior is hard to pin down. "My cat could act crazy before an earthquake，" she says. "But it also acts crazy if somebody uses the can opener."（然而，并非所有人都抱有希望。地质学家温迪•博汉说，ICARUS正在做一些"很酷的事情"，但她知道动物行为很难确定。"我的猫在地震前会表现得很疯狂，"她说。"但如果有人用开罐器，也会显得很疯狂。"）可推断，温迪•博汉对ICARUS项目表示怀疑。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员对地震前动物异常行为的研究，希望提供准确的震前预警。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

12~15.【答案】D、C、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由文章第一段中The work showed people harvesting wheat nearly as tall as they were.（研究显示，收割小麦的人几乎和它们的身高一样高。）此处的they指的是小麦，可知《收割者》这幅画让了解到它为16世纪小麦的样子。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。由文章第三段中Biologist De Smet assumed the painter had done a poor job.But art historian Vergauwen had a different idea.  "No，this is one of the best painters ever from that era.So if he painted it like that，that's the way it must have looked like，" he explained."（生物学家De Smet认为画家画得不好。但艺术史学家Vergauwen却有不同的看法。"不，这是那个时代最好的画家之一。所以如果他把它画成那样，那它肯定就是这样的。"他解释道。）可知他们对一幅古画有不同的看法激发了研究团队开始他们的研究。故选C。
（3）段落大意题。由文章最后一段Ultimately，the team hopes to create an online research database of historical plant artwork.They seek the contributions of art enthusiasts around the world via the social media. "However，" Vergauwen reminds， "if you're going to use，for example，Picasso to try and understand how a pear looked in the early 20th century，you might be misled."（最终，该团队希望创建一个历史植物艺术品的在线研究数据库。他们通过社交媒体寻求世界各地艺术爱好者的贡献。"然而，"韦高文提醒说，"如果你试图用毕加索的作品来理解20世纪初梨子的样子，你可能会被误导。"）可知在最后一段中Vergauwen传达了抽象画常常误导人的信息。故选B。
（4）目的意图题。由文章文章大意以及第二段中De Smet says wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can allow us to track the transformation of food crops over time."（De Smet说，小麦只是历史艺术品如何让我们追踪粮食作物随时间变化的一个例子。）和最后一段中Ultimately，the team hopes to create an online research database of historical plant artwork.They seek the contributions of art enthusiasts around the world via the social media.（最终，该团队希望创建一个历史植物艺术品的在线研究数据库。他们通过社交媒体寻求世界各地艺术爱好者的贡献。）可知这篇文章的目的是介绍粮食作物变化研究。故选D。
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了古艺术品能够传递一定的农业信息，为农作物变化的研究提供线索。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

16~20.【答案】A、B、D、G、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据后句Often due to various pressures，we tend to ignore our health（由于各种压力，我们往往忽视自己的健康），可知表示"这会使我们的身体受到伤害，我们会感染其他疾病"的选项A符合前后的语境，This代指ignore our health，故选A。
（2）主题判断题。根据后句We need to be fit to have a healthy body.Similarly，if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body（我们需要身体健康，才能拥有健康的身体。同样，如果我们健康，我们自然会被吸引保持身体健康），可知表示"健康和健身是相互关联的"的选项B符合本段的主题，be fit to have a healthy body是关键词，故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据前句We may not have any disease but still have a weak body，which is ready to be targeted by viruses（我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时可能成为病毒的目标），可知表示"例如，我们可能容易感冒"的选项D符合前后的语境，be targeted by viruses是关键词，故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据前句It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness（对每个人来说，花一些时间在健康和健身上是很重要的）；以及后句For instance，we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style（例如，无论我们的年龄和工作方式如何，我们都必须每天锻炼），可知表示 "在我们的生活中，每个人都应该做一些活动"的选项G可以起到承上启下的作用，故选G。
（5）推理判断题。根据前句We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day.It helps in improving our immune system and protects us against diseases（我们每天至少应该有六到八个小时的睡眠。这有助于提高我们的免疫力系统，保护我们免受疾病侵害）；以及后句This，in turn，gives us new goals of health and fitness（这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标），可知表示"它也有助于保持我们的平静和放松我们的思想"的选项C可以起到承上启下的作用，故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了健康和健身之间的关系以及健身的方法。
这是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。

21~40.【答案】C、D、A、C、D、C、A、B、D、B、A、B、B、C、A、C、C、D、A、D
【解析】（1）C   考查名词辨析．根据语境可知，作者坦诚爱上园艺，最初的目的和意图（intention）并非是因为热爱大自然，而只是为了和父母对着干．故选C．
（2）D   考查动词辨析．根据第三段第一句"At that age，I always did something opposite to whatever my parents did!"可知，这孩子小时候确很叛逆．她建花圃的最初目的当然也是annoy父母，使父母生气．故选C．
（3）A   考查名词辨析．这道题可以使用排除法来锁定标准答案．作者的母亲一直以来都是不喜欢园艺的．对于这棵枫树，她自然不会喜欢．B项表"欣赏"；D项表"激动"，明显不符．C项的"惊奇"也和作者想表达的意图没有关系．故选A．
（4）C   考查动词短语辨析．根据"seeing the neighbor busy with gardening（看见邻居们忙于做园艺活儿）"可知，正是因为父亲不屑于园艺，所以看见别人忙园艺的时候，才冷嘲热讽的说应该花时间去打扫一下其他的东西．故选C．
（5）D   考查形容词辨析．结合37题，对照思考，考虑到作者年轻时的叛逆个性，应该可以直接选出opposite，作者喜好和父母对着干．故选D．
（6）C   考查形容词辨析．根据语境可知，园艺也只是一项家务活儿而已，而作者的父母也只是对其不屑和厌烦而已，故干脆选择不为之．说道"痛苦的"，词义太过．相比而言，C项"心烦的"更适合．故选C．
（7）A   考查动词短语．come up"发芽；走上前来；出现"；break out"爆发"；hold on"继续；不挂断"；get through"度过，完成"．根据语境可知，这里表示百合花没发芽．故选A．．
（8）B   考查介词短语辨析．根据固定搭配"wild with joy"，"欣喜若狂；洋洋得意"之意．故选B．
（9）D   考查副词辨析．根据"one by one，the flowers bloomed their heads off．"作者从开始种植百合花的失败，到第一朵玫瑰花开花，再到花朵次第出现，最后自己都被神奇的小花圃所打动，强调的是个心态转变的过程．而整篇文章，作者也想书写自己由最开始的叛逆行为，到真正变为对大自然和园艺艺术的热爱的一个过程．故选D．
（10）B   考查副词辨析．根据语境可知，however，表达不管作者的努力，父母还是无动于衷．表转折．故选B．
（11）A  考查动词辨析．"…because he found it was troublesome to move around my garden to the driveway．"可知，当父亲去往车道的路都被我的花圃遮挡，每次去取车都要大费周章的时候，谁都会暴跳如雷、大声咆哮的．Jump at表示"把握、接受（机会）；欣然接受；匆匆做出（结论等）"的意思．故选A．
（12）B   考查形容词辨析．根据句意可知，父亲认为把我的花园移动马路边很麻烦，跨过花圃去车道很麻烦．故选B．
（13）B   考查形容词辨析．根据语境可知，作者妈妈对她种花成功的不屑和不满．从"I put in her vase my real roses which，in her eyes，were simply weeds rather than flowers"明显可以看出妈妈的这种情绪．故选B．
（14）C   考查短语辨析．根据句意可知，妈妈觉得插在花瓶里真实的玫瑰，与其说是花，不如就是说是杂草．rather than是最合适的．other than"不同于；除了…以外"；more than和less than都是数量上的比较．故选C．
（15）A   考查名词辨析．根据语境可知，不管父母多不喜欢，作者还是坚持我的种花行为．故选A．
（16）C   考查动词辨析．根据语境可知，作者不顾反对，坚持种花，继续享受种花乐趣．故选C．
（17）C   考查动词辨析．根据语境可知，在培育花木的过程中，作者因为已经对大自然、对花木有了深厚的感情．所以她用亲切的笔触、用拟人的手法写道："they breathe，they bloom，they respond to care and love．"，所以respond to"回应（作者的关爱）"是最适当的．故选C．
（18）D   考查动词辨析．此题应该看成是对37题、40题的重现，都是对作者当年开始养花的最初目的诠释．challenge"挑战父母的耐心，对着干"．故选C．
（19）A   考查形容词辨析．根据语境可知，作者在变化，作者的父母也在改变．作者在园艺上做出了一番成就，当然会让她的父母为之骄傲．故选A．
（20）D   考查名词辨析．主题重现，也和第一段首尾呼应．第一段"My early intention of gardening may not have originated from my love for nature．"，而最后一句，作者不无感叹地说："And now I could say it is my affection for nature that makes me a real gardener．"，真正让作者坚持下来，变成一个真正的园林工作者的原因，是因为对大自然的热爱．故选D．
本文是一篇记叙文，记叙了作者很喜欢在花园里种一些花草，而他的父母却不喜欢他这样做，答这并没有阻止他喜欢园艺这个工作，长大后成了有名的园艺家，这使得他的父母很骄傲．
解答此类题目可遵循以下步骤：第一步，通读全文，了解文章大意，获得整体印象，同时初选出一批较有把握的答案．第二步，边核对初选答案边补填留下的空格．如果短文难度较大，则可复读几遍，核对和确定答案．有些空一时决定不了，可作个记号，待复查时再确定．第三步，复查定稿．从整体理解角度出发，仔细审核答案，确保意义上、语法上没有错误，同时对遗留下来的少数几个空格作最后选择．

41.【答案】【小题1】known
【小题2】between
【小题3】curiosity
【小题4】where
【小题5】centuries
【小题6】a
【小题7】its
【小题8】was absorbed
【小题9】Rarely
【小题10】visiting
【解析】（1）考查过去分词。句意：扬子江，在中国又被称为长江，是亚洲最长的河流，也是世界上最长的，完全在一个国家内流动的河流。分析句子结构及句意可知，此处应用非谓语形式，作前面名词词组The Yangtze River的后置定语，且与被修饰名词之间为被动关系，应使用过去分词形式。故填known。
（2）考查介词。句意：长江发源于青藏高原，最后流入东海，是中国南北方自然的分界线。根据句意可知，division between为固定搭配，意为"……（两者之间）的分界线"。故填between。
（3）考查名词。句意：受到好奇心的驱使，我去年来到了中国，参加了一次长江巡航旅游。结合语境可知，设空处在定冠词之后，应用名词，充当介词by的宾语，故填curiosity。
（4）考查定语从句。句意：我们经过了武汉。1966年，当时70多岁的毛主席在这里曾经横渡长江。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为Wuhan，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
（5）考查可数名词复数。句意：金碧辉煌的庙宇矗立在工业港口之上，而在岩石之上的高处，古老的棺材悬挂在洞穴中，几个世纪以来未被打扰。For centuries为固定搭配，意为"长达几个世纪"，强调时间之久，故该处应填写名词复数形式，故填centuries。
（6）考查冠词。句意：我们也游览了三峡大坝。它是中国力量和荣耀的象征。此处为The Three Gorges Dam的同位语，用于补充说明三峡大坝是众多代表中国力量的象征之一，symbol为可数名词，首字母的发音为辅音音素。故为泛指，故填a。
（7）考查代词。句意：除了巨大的水电发电量，它也极大提高了航运能力，惠及广大中国人民。根据句意可知，此处作定语修饰increasing shipping ability，应用形容词性物主代词，代指为"三峡大坝的……"，故填its。
（8）考查谓语动词时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：作为一个外国人，我陶醉着迷于沿途真诚的热情欢迎和独特的文化。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语。根据句意可知，此处描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时，主语与提示词之间为被动关系，意为"沉浸于；陶醉于"，且主语为单数概念，故填was absorbed。
（9）考查副词。句意：在此之前，我从未体验过如此具有历史趣味和多元文化的旅行。该空格处应填写副词，修饰全句，表动作发生的频率，故填Rarely。
（10）考查现在分词。句意：现在我多么盼望能再次游览中国啊！look forward to doing sth为固定搭配，意为"盼望或期盼做某事"，该搭配中的to为介词。故填visiting。
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者作为外国人去中国旅行时，在长江的所见所闻。
语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析。要解决好语法填空，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目。

42.【答案】When it comes to ocean，its pollution is becoming more and more        .World Ocean Day，falling on June 8th，is         at raising people's awareness of ocean conservation.
    Not only∧ ocean offer us sufficient food，but also it maintains the balance of nature.       ，it is important to protect ocean.First of all，        we can do is to place importance on our daily actions.For example，        shouldn't be thrown into ocean.What's more，you can also call∧ more people to protect ocean.The more people are involved，and the better our ocean environment will be.
    All in all，it        high time that we devoted ourselves to         ocean.
详解：
1.考查形容词。句意：说到海洋，它的污染正变得越来越严重。分析可知，系动词become后应用形容词作表语，more and more serious"越来越严重"，故seriously改为serious。
2.考查固定短语。句意：6月8日的世界海洋日旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。be aimed at意为"目的是，旨在"，为固定短语，故aiming改为aimed。
3.考查倒装句。句意：海洋不仅为我们提供了充足的食物，而且保持了自然的平衡。句中not only连接句子且置于句首，故句子要用半倒装，即把助动词提前，结合后文maintains可知，句子应用一般现在时，主语ocean为单数，助动词应用does，故ocean前加does。
4.考查副词。句意：因此，保护海洋很重要。根据句意可知，上下文之间为因果关系，而非转折关系，故However改为Therefore。
5.考查主语从句连接词。句意：首先，我们能做的是重视我们的日常行动。分析句子结构可知，此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示"......的事情"，故应用what引导该主语从句，故how改为what。
6.考查不可数名词。句意：例如，垃圾不应该扔进海里。garbage"垃圾"是不可数名词，没有复数，故garbages改为garbage。
7.考查固定短语。句意：此外，我们还可以呼吁更多的人来保护海洋。根据句意，表示"呼吁"应用短语call on，call on sb.to do sth"呼吁某人做某事"，故在call后加on。
8.考查固定句型。句意：越多的人参与进来，海洋环境就会变得越好。分析可知，句中使用了"the+比较级，the+比较级"这一固定句型，and多余。故删除and。
9.考查时态。句意：总之，现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。根据语境可知，此处是在陈述事实，应用一般现在时，故was改为is。
10.考查动名词。句意：总之，现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。devote oneself to doing sth"致力于做某事"，故此处应用动名词作宾语，故protect改为protecting。
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了世界海洋日的目的，海洋的重要性以及我们应该如何保护海洋。
短文改错时要注意以下几点：1.快速阅读，整体把握短文大意；2.重视语境以及上下文的关系；3.充分运用基础语言知识找出错误所在。

43.【答案】Dear Mr.Brown，
First of all，on behalf of the Student Union，I am honored to express our most sincere thanks to you.（表达感谢）
We benefited a lot from the lecture that you gave us during this year's English Cultural Festival. 【高分句型一】The lecture left a deep impression on every student present.They showed great interest in the content of the lecture and enjoyed it very much.In the past few days，we have received a flood of emails from the audience telling us how your lecture has helped them correct the mistaken belief that English is only a tool.【高分句型二】（告知讲座反响）
It would be great if there were more lectures like this in the future!Finally，thank you again for your wonderful lecture!（再次感谢）
Sincerely yours，
Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：We benefited a lot from the lecture that you gave us during this year's English Cultural Festival.
译文：你在今年的英语文化节上给我们做的讲座让我们受益匪浅。
分析：这句话使用了that引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二：In the past few days，we have received a flood of emails from the audience telling us how your lecture has helped them correct the mistaken belief that English is only a tool.
译文：在过去的几天里，我们收到了大量来自听众的电子邮件，告诉我们你的演讲如何帮助他们纠正英语只是一种工具的错误信念。
分析：这句话使用了how引导的宾语从句，that引导的同位语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。