2023年高考英语二轮复习试题（新高考专用） 语法填空 02--形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换 Word版含解析

这是一份2023年高考英语二轮复习试题（新高考专用） 语法填空 02--形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换 Word版含解析，共10页。
解密02  形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换1.【2023·辽宁省六校联考】Leather is a hugely popular material for a range of products, but this ___56___ (popular) comes at a price. The global leather industry kills over a billion animals every year.【答案】popularity【解析】考查名词。句意：皮革是一系列产品非常受欢迎的材料，但这种受欢迎付出了代价。This修饰名词，做主语，故填popularity。2.【2023·安徽省十校联考】The number pi, or π, is equal to the circumference (圆周长) of a circle divided by the circle’s diameter (直径). That comes out to about 3.14159. This is true for circles of all sizes, from ____38____ (penny) to pizzas to planets.【答案】pennies【解析】考查名词复数。句意：这适用于各种大小的圆圈，从便士到披萨，再到行星。分析句子可知，此处无表示单数的量词或冠词修饰的可数名词penny“便士”需要填写复数形式pennies。故填pennies。3.【2023·福建省龙岩市非一级达标校联考】The ____36____(introduce) of chemicals in farming got many exciting things at the sight of what they had accomplished. At the start, any damage brought about by chemical fertilizers was hardly noticeable.【答案】introduction【解析】考查名词。句意：在农业中使用化学药品所取得的成就使人们看到了许多令人兴奋的事情。分析空格所处的位置在定冠词the与介词of之间，可知此空处填写名词。故填introduction。4.【2023·福建省龙岩市一级校联盟（九校联考】Moreover, of the 300 performers it has trained over the years, many are under 1.4 m in____43____(high).【答案】height【解析】考查名词。句意：此外，在多年来训练的300名表演者中，许多人的身高不到1.4米。分析句子可知，介词后接名词；height，名词，意为“高度”。故填height。5.【2023·广东省大联考】Anyone can be a citizen scientist. All it takes is some time, ____39____ (curious), and a sense of wonder.【答案】curiosity【解析】考查名词。句意：所需要的只是一些时间、好奇心和求知欲。根据“a sense of wonder”可知，此处应用名词curiosity表示“好奇心”作表语。故填curiosity。6.【2023·广东省普宁市统考】When the Egyptian government made a proposal to build the Aswan Dam, they were faced with ____39____ (variety) problems, including destroying an important part of Egypt’s____40____ (culture) heritage. 考查词性转换。句意：当埃及政府提议修建阿斯旺大坝时，他们面临着各种问题，包括破坏埃及文化遗产的重要部分。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词problems。故填various。考查词性转换。句意：当埃及政府提议修建阿斯旺大坝时，他们面临着各种问题，包括破坏埃及文化遗产的重要部分。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词heritage。故填cultural。7.【2023·广东省普宁市统考】A committee established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the ____42____ (lose)of cultural relics. 考查名词。句意：一个委员会被建立限制埃及建筑的破坏和防止文物的损失。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作prevent的宾语，且loss表“损失”，为不可数名词。故填loss。8.【2023·广东省普宁市统考】Therefore, if a problem seems too difficult for a single nation, the ____45____ (globe) community can sometimes provide a solution.考查形容词。句意：因此，如果一个问题对一个国家来说似乎太困难，全球社区有时可以提供一个解决方案。分析句子可知，这里用形容词作定语，修饰名词 community。故填global。9.【2023·广东省大联考】These data help professional scientists answer ____38____ (science) questions and solve important problems.【答案】scientific【解析】考查形容词。句意：这些数据帮助专业科学家回答科学问题和解决重要问题。修饰名词questions应用形容词scientific表示“科学的”作定语。故填scientific。10.【2023·重庆市南开中学校月考】The special meaning is that the plants, which describe noble qualities in Chinese art, are used to symbolize the school’s desire that students keep their original dream and march____59____ (ambitious) toward a bright future. 【答案】ambitiously【解析】考查副词。句意：特别的意义是，这些在中国艺术中描绘高尚品质的植物被用来象征学校的愿望，让学生保持最初的梦想，雄心勃勃地走向光明的未来。此处应由副词修饰动词march，故填ambitiously。11.【2023·湖北省鄂东南教育教学改革联盟学校联考】Thanks to the joint efforts of rescue workers, as well as volunteers and residents, more than 10 forest fires in the city were ____57____ (complete) put out in less than 10 days, with no injuries or deaths reported. 【答案】completely【解析】考查副词。句意：在救援人员、志愿者和居民的共同努力下，在不到10天的时间里，该市10多起森林火灾被完全扑灭，没有人员伤亡报告。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后动词put out，所以应填副词，complete的副词形式是completely，故填completely。12.【2023·辽宁省六校联考】But how ___60___ (exact) does biofabrication work? To grow leather, scientists begin by taking some cells from an animal, not hurting the animal in any way.【答案】exactly【解析】考查副词。分析句子可知，空格处修饰动词work用副词做状语，故填exactly。13.【2023·安徽省十校联考】But the exact value of pi is ____40____ (actual) impossible to write out. 【答案】actually【解析】考查副词。句意：但π的确切值实际上不可能写出。分析句子可知，此处形容词actual“实际的”需要使用副词形式，修饰后面的形容词impossible“不可能”。故填actually。14.【2021·天津卷】The police searched the area for several days. ________（eventual）, they found the piece of evidence they were looking for.【答案】Eventually【解析】考查副词。句意：警察在这一地区搜查了好几天。最终，他们找到了他们一直在努力寻找的证据。此处Eventually最终。分析句意，警察一直在努力找证据，努力有了结果，最终找到了，故填Eventually。15.【2021·天津卷】It’s a good idea to choose a(n) ________ （alternate）destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available.【答案】alternative【解析】考查形容词。句意：如果你首选的旅游景点没有了，选择一个替代目的地是一个好主意。此处alternative替代的。根据后文“destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available”可知此处指替代目的地，应用alternative。16.（2021·天津卷第一次考）While rock-climbing, you need to remain very ________（focus） so that you won't make any dangerous errors.【答案】focused【解析】考查形容词。句意：在攀岩的时候，你需要保持非常专注，这样你就不会犯任何危险的错误。此处focused专注的。根据后文“so that you won't make any dangerous errors”可知要想不犯任何危险的错误，攀岩的时候需要保持专注，focused符合语境。故填focused。17.【2021·北京卷】Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 16．（safe） wait for the police to take her home．【答案】safely【解析】考查副词。句意：山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店，这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait用副词作状语，故填safely。18.（2021·天津卷第一次考）As working from home becomes ________（increasing） common, people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career.【答案】increasingly【解析】考查副词。句意：随着在家工作变得越来越普遍，人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易。此处increasingly越来越多地，渐增地。根据后文“people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career”可知人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易，是因为在家工作变得越来越普遍。故填increasingly。19.（2020年北京卷）Now, lots of___     __(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.countries考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数，故填countries。20.【2023·河北省保定市摸底】Meanwhile, a big bronze mask was excavated from the pit. It is the ____42____ (large) bronze mask ever discovered at the site. 考查副词。句意：金面具与从同一个坑里挖出的青铜头像的尺寸基本相同。此处缺少副词作为状语。故填basically。 训练A【江苏省苏州市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中调研】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Autumn EquinoxAutumn Equinox(秋分), the 16th solar term of the year, lies at the midpoint of autumn, ___1___(divide) autumn into two equal parts. After that day, the location of direct sunlight ___2___ (move)to the south, making days shorter and nights longer in the northern hemisphere. Since the Autumn Equinox, most of the areas in China have entered the cool autumn. ___3___ the cold air southward meets the declining warm and wet air, precipitation(降水)is the result.As ___4___ (say) in the ancient book, The Detailed Records of the Spring and Autumn Period(770 - 476BC), “It is on the Autumn Equinox day that the Yin and Yang are in a balance of power.” Thus the day and night are of equal length, and ___5___ are the cold and hot weather. “In South China, there is a custom ___6___ (popular ) known as ‘having Qiucai (autumn vegetable) on the Autumn Equinox day’. Every Autumn Equinox day, all the ___7___ ( village) go to pick Qiucai in the wild, which is taken back and made into soup with fish, ___8___ (name) Qiutang ( autumn soup ) .”On Autumn Equinox day, there are thousands of people in the world trying to make eggs stand ___9___ end. According to experts, on the Spring Equinox and Autumn Equinox, the earth’s axis(轴), on its 66.5 degree tilt, is in a relative balance of power with the earth’s orbit around the sun. Thus it is an ____10____ (easy) time for people to practice the game.【答案】1．dividing    2．moves    3．When ##As    4．is said    5．so    6．popularly    7．villagers    8．named    9．on    10．easier【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了秋分这一节气的特点和与这一节气相关的一些风俗。1．考查现在分词。句意：秋分，是一年中第16个节气，位于秋天的中点，把秋天分成相等的两部分。分析句子可知，句子的谓语动词是lies，所以所给动词divide只能用非谓语动词形式作状语。因为句子的主语Autumn Equinox和动词divide之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词作状语。故填dividing。2．考查主谓一致。句意：秋分之后，阳光直射的位置向南移动，北半球的白天变短，夜晚变长。分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，因为句子的主语是 the location of direct sunlight，所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式。故填moves。 3．考查连词。句意：当向南的冷空气与下降的暖湿空气相遇，就会产生降水。根据句意分析句子可知，句中逗号前的部分是一个时间状语从句，所以空格处应该填入一个连词引导时间状语从句。故填When或As。4．考查被动语态。句意：正如古书《春秋细记》(公元前770 - 476年)中所说：“在秋分这一天，阴阳处于平衡状态”。根据句意分析句子可知，as引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，空格处是该定语从句的谓语部分，因为主语是关系代词as，指代后面的句子，和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态构成As is said...。故填is said。5．考查固定句型。句意：因此，白天和黑夜的长度相等，冷和热的天气也相等。根据句意分析句子可知，该题是考查固定句型So+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语，用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物， 意为“某人(物)也一样”。故填so。6．考查副词。句意：在中国南方，有“秋分吃秋菜”的习俗。根据句意和空格后的known以及所给形容词popular可知，空格处应该填入popular的副词形式popularly作状语，修饰后面的known。故填popularly。 7．考查可数名词单复数。句意：每逢秋分，村民们都到野外采秋菜，采回来与鱼煮成汤，称为“秋汤”。根据句意和所给名词village可知，空格处应该填入名词villager(村民)；因为villager是可数名词，由空格前的all可知，空格处应该用villager的复数形式。故填villagers。8．考查过去分词。句意：每逢秋分，村民们都到野外采秋菜，采回来与鱼煮成汤，称为“秋汤”。根据句意和所给动词name分析句子可知，空格后的部分是定语，修饰前面的名词soup；因为名词soup和name之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词作定语。故填named。9．考查介词。句意：在秋分那天，世界上有成千上万的人在试着把鸡蛋立起来。根据句意和空格前的动词stand和空格后的名词end可知，此处是考查固定搭配stand on end（竖着放；立置）。故填on。10．考查形容词的比较级。句意：因此，这是一个人们更容易做这个游戏的时间。根据上一句“According to experts, on the Spring Equinox and Autumn Equinox, the earth’s axis(轴), on its 66.5 degree tilt, is in a relative balance of power with the earth’s orbit around the sun. （据专家介绍，在春分和秋分时，地轴倾斜66.5度，与地球绕太阳公转的轨道处于相对的力量平衡状态）”和该句中的thus可知，在秋分这一天把鸡蛋立起来要比其它时间更容易，所以空格处应该用easy的比较级形式easier。故填easier。训练B【浙江省十校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In recent months, the China Grand Canal Museum in Yangzhou, which exhibits the history and culture of the Grand Canal, ___1___ (attract) a great number of visitors. Each day, the museum provides 15, 000 tickets ___2___ visitors to book in advance. They usually sell out on weekends, making the museum ___3___ popular landmark in East China.It takes only 20 minutes ___4___ (get) to the museum by taxi from the Yangzhoudong Railway Station. “My passion ___5___ (arouse) by those passengers, so I took my children to the museum too. I never knew why it had such great charm ___6___ I got there.”The museum, ___7___ appearance resembles a giant ship, covers 80,000 square meters and houses 14 exhibition halls. While telling its story, the museum puts an ___8___ (emphasize) on improving visitors’ experience. Young people can take part in a live-action role-play game designed by the museum, transporting them back to the Ming Dynasty, and ___9___ (immerse) them in an amazing world. “It is _____10_____ (true) a very meaningful experience,” said a visitor surnamed Chen.【答案】1．has attracted    2．for    3．a    4．to get    5．was aroused    6．until    7．whose    8．emphasis    9．immersing    10．truly【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了扬州的中国大运河博物馆。1．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：近几个月来，位于扬州的中国大运河博物馆，展示了大运河的历史和文化，吸引了大量的游客。分析句子可知，attract作谓语，主语是“the China Grand Canal Museum”，是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，由时间状语in recent months可知，用现在完成时，故填has attracted。2．考查介词。句意：该博物馆每天为游客提供15,000张门票，供游客提前预订。provide sth. for sb.“提供某物给某人”是固定短语，根据句意，故填for。3．考查冠词。句意：他们通常在周末卖光，使博物馆成为中国东部的热门地标。landmark“地标，里程碑”是可数名词，此处泛指“一个受欢迎的地标”，故填a。4．考查不定式。句意：从扬州东火车站乘出租车到博物馆只需20分钟。此处考查It takes some time to do sth.“做某事需要多长时间”，是固定句型，it是形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语，故填to get。5．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：那些乘客激起了我的热情，所以我也带着我的孩子们去了博物馆。分析句子可知，arouse是谓语动词，与主语my passion是被动关系，根据下文的took可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，主语my passion是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填was aroused。6．考查连词。句意：直到我到达那里，我才不知道为什么它有如此大的魅力。分析句子可知，两个句子之间需要连词连接，根据句意，not…until…“直到……才……”符合句意，用until引导时间状语从句，故填until。7．考查定语从句。句意：这个博物馆，它的外观像一艘巨轮，占地8万平方米，有14个展厅。分析句子可知，“　　7　　 appearance resembles a giant ship”是定语从句，与The museum构成所属关系，从句中作定语，引导非限制性定语从句用关系代词whose，故填whose。8．考查名词。句意：在讲述故事的同时，博物馆强调改善游客的体验。不定冠词修饰单数可数名词，作动词put的宾语，故填emphasis。9．考查非谓语动词。句意：年轻人可以参加由博物馆设计的真人角色扮演游戏，将他们送回明朝，并沉浸在一个神奇的世界中。分析句子可知，and连接“transporting them back to the Ming Dynasty”和“(immerse) them in an amazing world”作状语，根据句意，此处表示意料之中的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，故填immersing。10．考查副词。句意：这确实是一次非常有意义的经历。修饰动词is用副词作状语，故填truly。训练C【浙江省浙里卷天下2022-2023学年高三上学期10月测试】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Written in boneYou may never write words on an oracle bone(甲骨) ___1___ a tortoise(龟) shell, but you might see them in a museum. The earliest confirmed evidence shows that more than 3,000 years ago, people in ___2___ Shang Dynasty started to write characters on pieces of bones and turtle shells. They are ___3___ we call “the oracle bone scripts”.The scripts are pictograms(象形文字), with ___4___ (record) of divinations(占卜) and prayers to the gods from people in that era. They come from pictures of the objects they refer to and simplify over time, retaining(保留)the shapes but are easier ___5___ (write). “The oracle bone scripts, as an earliest ___6___ (know) and mature form of Chinese characters, present the beauty and uniqueness of a language that has been passed down ___7___ (consistent),” said Chen Nan, a professor of Tsinghua University’s Academy of Art and Design.The society that produced the oracle bone scripts shared many of the characteristics that ___8___ (recognize) today as typically Chinese. These valuable inscriptions from China demonstrate that the memory recorded in the documentary heritage ___9___ (be) an irreplaceable way of transmitting tradition, culture and historical awareness. The scripts are the ____10____ (evident) of ancient Chinese culture but also have an “important influence” on modern Chinese values.【答案】1．or    2．the    3．what    4．records    5．to write    6．known    7．consistently    8．are recognized    9．is    10．evidence【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对甲骨文作了相关介绍。1．考查连词。句意：你可能永远不会在甲骨文或龟甲上写字，但你可能会在博物馆里看到它们。分析句子可知空处表示“或者”，用or符合题意；故填or。2．考查固定搭配。句意：最早得到证实的证据表明，3000多年前，商朝人开始在骨头和龟甲碎片上写字。本处是in+the+名词的固定搭配，译为“在……（中）”；故填the。3．考查表语从句。句意：这就是我们所说的“甲骨文”。分析可知本句是表语从句，空处是引导词，表示“……的东西”，用what。4．考查名词。句意：这些文字是象形文字，记录了那个时代的人们对神的占卜和祈祷。with是介词，后接名词，根据英文提示，应填record，由of divinations(占卜) and prayers to the gods可知空处用名词复数形式；故填records。5．考查不定式。句意：它们来自它们所指的对象的图片，并随着时间的推移而简化，保留了形状，但更容易书写。分析句子可知，空处是不定式主动表被动的用法，即“更容易被书写”；故填to write。6．考查形容词。句意：“甲骨文作为最早的已知的和成熟的汉字形式，展现了一种一直流传下来的语言的美丽和独特性，”清华大学艺术与设计学院教授陈楠表示。分析句子可知，空处缺形容词作定语修饰名词form；根据英文提示，故填known。7．考查副词。句意：“甲骨文作为最早的已知的和成熟的汉字形式，展现了一种一直流传下来的语言的美丽和独特性，”清华大学艺术与设计学院教授陈楠表示。分析句子可知，空处缺副词作状语修饰动词短语passed down；根据英文提示，故填consistently。8．考查动词时态和语态。句意：产生甲骨文的那个社会具有许多今天被认为是典型的中国特征。分析句子可知，空处是宾语从句的谓语，先行词the characteristics与recognize之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；由先行词the characteristics可知谓语用复数形式；由本句中today可知本句用一般现在时；故填are recognized。9．考查主谓一致。句意：这些来自中国的珍贵铭文证明，在文献遗产中记录的记忆是传承传统、文化和历史意识的一种不可替代的方式。由主语the memory可知空处的谓语动词用单数形式；故填is。10．考查名词。句意：这些文字是中国古代文化的证据，但对现代中国价值观也有“重要影响”。分析可知空处缺名词作表语，根据英文提示，应填evidence，为不可数名词；故填evidence。