2023年中考英语复习一般将来时的基础知识+练习+学案

这是一份2023年中考英语复习一般将来时的基础知识+练习+学案，共11页。
2023年初中英语一般将来时的基础知识+练习  一般将来时的构成 一般将来时是由“will / shall + 动词原形”构成的。shall只限于第一人称，主要见于英国英语，现在的趋势是第一、二、三人称的单复数形式均用will表示。在口语中，shall和will常缩写成“'ll”，紧接在主语之后。其否定式shall not 和will not 常简略为shan't 和won't。 I'll go and shut the door. 我去关门。 When will you know your exam results? 你什么时候能知道考试结果? I can see you're busy, so I won't stay long. 我看得出你很忙，所以我不会呆太久的。 提示：在you and I或both of us等短语后，只用will，不用shall。 You and I will arrive there next Monday. 我和你下周一都要到达那里。 Both of us will graduate from middle school next year. 我们俩明年中学毕业。 一般将来时的用法 ①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 I shall be free this afternoon. 我今天下午有空。 There'll be no chemistry classes tomorrow. 明天没有化学课。 They will probably go to Shanghai for their holiday. 他们可能去上海度假。 注意： 在口语中，常用will / shall + be doing结构来代替will / shall + 动词原形，以表示生动。 I'll be seeing a friend off at the airport. 我要去机场给一个朋友送行。 He'll be going with us tomorrow. 他明天和我们一起去。 ②表示将要反复发生的动作 My uncle will come to see me every Saturday. 我叔叔每个星期六都会来看我。 The students will have five English classes per week this term. 本学期学生们每周要上五节英语课。 ③表示同意或答应做某事 That bag looks heavy. I'll help you with it. 这个包看起来很重，我来帮你提。 I won't tell anyone what happened, I promise. 我保证不告诉别人所发生的事。 ④表示一种倾向或推测 Flowers will die without water. 没有水花会枯死的。 Water will change into ice at 0℃. 水在零摄氏度就会结冰。 This will be your sister, I guess. 我猜想这是你姐姐。 一般将来时的常用结构 ①用于“I expect, I'm sure, I think, I wonder + 宾语从句”中 Don't worry about the exam. I'm sure you'll pass. 不要担心这次考试，我确信你会通过的。 I wonder what will happen. 我不知道将会发生什么事。 I don't think the test will be very difficult. 我想这次测验不会太难。 ②用于“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”中 Work hard and you will succeed. 如果你努力，就会成功的。 Go at once and you will see her. 马上去，你就会见到她了。 ③与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用 I'll let you know as soon as he arrives. 他一到我就通知你。 If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请他，他会帮助你的。 We shall go unless it rains. 除非下雨，否则我们是要去的。 将来时间的其他表达法 ①be going to + 动词原形 “be going to+ 动词原形”这一结构常用于口语中。 a. 表示决定或打算要做某事 I'm going to buy a new coat this winter. 今年冬天我打算买一件新大衣。 Are you going to play basketball after class? 下课后你去打篮球吗? He is going to be a doctor when he grows up. 他长大后要当医生。 What are you going to do today? 今天你打算做什么? b. 表示有迹象即将要发生什么事 Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。 The car is going to turn over. 汽车要翻了! There is going to be a snowstorm. 将有一场暴风雪。 比较： “be going to + 动词原形”与“will / shall + 动词原形”的区别 1.be going to通常表示很快就要发生的事，而will/shall既可表示不久的将来，也可表示长远的将来或不确定的将来。 She is going to get better. 她的病要好了。(有恢复健康的迹象) She will get better. 她的病会好的。(认为最终会恢复健康的) 2.will表示将来，通常是指事先无计划的意图，是临时决定的; be going to则表示事先有计划的意图，是经过考虑的。 — George phoned while you were out. 你外出的时候乔治打电话来的。 — Ok. I'll phone him back. 好的，我给他回电话。(临时决定) — Matthew phoned while you were out. 你外出的时候马修打电话来了。 — Yes, I know. I'm going to phone him back. 是的，我知道了。我准备给他回电话。(早有安排) 但在正式文体中，要用will来表示事先安排的动作。 The meeting will begin at 10:00 a.m.. 会议将在10点开始。 Coffee will be served from 9:30 from today onwards. 从今天起9:30开始供应咖啡。 3.表示有迹象显示将要发生某一动作时，要用be going to，不用will或shall。 I feel terrible. I think I'm going to be sick. 我觉得不舒服，我想我要生病了。 4.be going to 可用于条件句，表示将来时间，will则不能。 If you are going to attend the meeting, you'd better leave now. 如果你要出席会议，你最好现在就动身。 ②be + 动词的-ing形式 “be + 动词的-ing形式”表示根据现在的计划或安排，预期将会发生某事，这种安排不容随意改变。在这一结构中，动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词，如arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay, get 以及eat, meet, see off, die等，并与表示将来的时间状语连用。如果没有时间状语，则所表示的动作有即将发生之意。 He is leaving for Xinjiang in a few days. 他几天后要动身去新疆。 I am dining out tonight. 今晚我将出去吃饭。 The plane is taking off soon. 飞机马上就要起飞了。 The old man is dying. 那位老人快要死了。 比较：“be + 动词的-ing形式”和“be going to + 动词原形”的异同 1.表示按计划发生的动作时，两者可互换。 We are moving to a new flat tomorrow. 我们明天就要搬到新房子里去了。 We are going to move to a new flat tomorrow. 我们明天就要搬到新房子里去了。 2.表示由于客观因素而产生的将来动作或状态时，用be going to结构，不用be + 动词的-ing形式。 You are going to fall if you climb that tree. 如果你爬树的话，你会摔下来的。(不可说 You are falling if ...) Be careful. You are going to break that chair. 当心!你会把那张椅子弄坏的。(不可说 You are breaking that chair) ③ be + 动词不定式 这一结构中的be，只有现在式 (am, is, are) 和过去式 (was, were) 两种形式。 a. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 The highway is to be open to traffic in May. 这条公路将在五月份通车。 Am I to take over his work? 我是不是要接管他的工作? b. 用于条件句中强调按计划或安排将要发生的动作 If we are to take the 5:00 train, we must leave now. 如果我们乘坐5点的火车的话，那我们现在就得出发。 c. 表示命令或吩咐等。否定形式常表示“禁止”或“不许”。 You are to be back before 10 p.m.. 你必须在10点前回来。 You are not to go out alone at night. 晚上你不能单独出去。 比较： “be + 动词不定式”与“be going to+ 动词原形”的区别 1.“be going to+ 动词原形”侧重说话人个人的意图和打算，“be + 动词不定式”侧重受别人的指示或安排要做的事。 I'm going to try my best to write this article well. 我将尽力把这篇文章写好。 Am I to wait here till their arrival? 我要在这儿一直等到他们抵达吗? 2.表示由于客观因素或不受人控制的将要发生的动作时，只用“be going to+ 动词原形”，不用“be + 动词不定式”。 It's going to rain. 天要下雨了。(不说It's to rain.) Rachel is going to faint. 雷切尔要晕倒了。 ④　一般现在时 一般现在时可以用来表示将来时间，主要用法有： a. 表示由于日历或时刻表的规定而固定不变的或比较不易变更的将来时间发生的动作。 Tomorrow is Friday. 明天是星期五。 What time does the next train leave for Paris? 下一班开往巴黎的火车几点出发? b. 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来时间的动作或状态。 I'll give the book to you after I finish it. 我看完这本书就给你。 If he arrives, we must go and meet him at the railway station. 如果他到了，我们就得到火车站去接他。 c. 在hope, suppose等后面的宾语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来动作或状态。 I hope all is well with him. 我希望他一切都好。 Suppse we go hiking tomorrow. 我们明天还是去远足吧。 用所给动词的一般将来时填空 　　1. I ______（leave）in a minute. I ______（finish）all my work before I ______ （leave）. 　　2. -How long _____ you _____（study）in our country? 　　-I _____（plan）to be here for about one more year. 　　-I _____（hope）to visit the other parts of your country. 　　-What ______ you ______（do）after you ______（leave）here? 　　-I ______（return）home and ______（get）a job. 　　3. I ______（be）tired. I ______（go）to bed early tonight. 　　4. Mary's birthday is next Monday, her mother _____（give）her a present. 　　5. It is very cold these days. It ______（snow）soon. 　　6. -_____ you _____（be）here this Saturday? 　　-No. I ______（visit）my teacher. 　　7. -______ I ______（get）you a copy of today's newspaper? 　　-Thank you. 　　8. I am afraid there ______（be）a meeting this afternoon. I can't join you. 　　9. Mike ______（believe, not）this until he ______（see）it with his own eyes. 　　10. Most of us don't think their team ______（win） 　　11. They _________(not leave) until you come back. 　　12. They want to know when the meeting_______ (start). 　　13. Hurry up! Or we _______  (be) late.. 　　14. Jenny ____ ____ (do) an experiment the day after tomorrow. 　　15. If she is not free tomorrow, she ______ (not take) part in the party.  　　  　　参考答案: 1. am leaving ; will finish ; leave 　　2. will ; study ; plan ; hope ; will ; do ; leave ; will return ; get 　　3. am ; will 4. will give 5. will snow 　　6. Will, be ; will visit 7. Shall ; get 　　8. will be 9. won't believe ; sees 10. will win 11.won't leave; 12 will start 13 will be 14 will do 15 won't  take