2023届高考英语二轮复习主语、宾语、定语从句课件

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习主语、宾语、定语从句课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了That 引导，which 引导，Whether 引导，Where 引导，How 引导，When 引导，Why 引导，Practice，引导词，需要注意的时态问题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
主语从句在复杂句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
That everyne may receive at least a mderate educatin is significant.That educatin plays a vital rle in all walks f life is clear.That advertisements are predminant in ur day-t-day lives is bvius.
Which way yu turn is up t yu.Which bk yu read is yur decisin.
Whether yu can succeed in making yur dream cme true depends n hard wrk mre than luck.Whether technlgy is a blessing r a curse is discussed heatedly by peple.Whether cmputers can replace the rle f teachers has lng been a ht tpic.
Wh/ Whever 引导
whever wants t reach a distant gal must take many small steps.Wh yu are lking fr is nt knwn t us.
What/ Whatever 引导
What’s dne can’t be undne.What we d willingly is easy.Whatever is at the center f yur life will be the surce f ur wisdm and pwer.Whatever yu lve and trust in this wrld lves yu in return.
Where we lve is hme.
Hw yu think and set will influence yur life..
When the sun is shinning is the best time t repair the rf.When yu can make it depends n yur effrts.
Why s many peple prefer t live in the city is beynd me.Why dinsaurs became extinct has lng been a mystery t scientists and researchers.
连词that的省略问题
写作中形式主语从句的使用：It’s a fact …It’s strange…It’s n wnderIt seems…It’s said…It’s reprted…It’s believed…It is thught…It’s bvius…It has been prved…It can’t be denied…It is well-knw…It is widely-accepted…
 In summary：主语从句可以由以下这些引导词引导：That/ which/ whether/ whever/ what/ whatever/ where/ hw/ when/ why
Chinese-English translatin
你需要的是更多的练习他是否加我们，没有太大的差别很明显他已经尽力而为了他们什么时候来还没有公布这事是怎样发生的，谁也不清楚不论谁来都欢迎很遗憾我们不能去据说格林先生已经到了北京你决定买那一辆车都不会有任何区别我们明天时候再户外开晚会要看天气而定众所周知，地球围绕太阳转看起来他们好像会赢得这场比赛
宾语从句宾语从句是在写作中非常常用的一种从句，它一般在作文中用来提出观点。
Smetimes we need t remind urselves that thankfulness is indeed a virtue.Attitude determines whether/ if peple are successful and able t enjy life.A straw shws which way the wind blws.Our mtives shape hw we see the wrld.I dn’t fear what is ahead.The secret f like is nt t d what yu like, but t try t like what yu d.
He tld me ( that ）he wuld g t cllege the next year.I dn’t knw if there will be a bus any mreNbdy knew whether he culd pass the exam.Teachers were asking me whether I had gne there r nt at that time.D yu knw wh has wn Red Alert gameIf yu have a plan yu can deal with whatever cmes alng.
引导词有 连词 that, whether, if, 关系代词what, hw，whse, which 和关系副词 when, where, hw, why等。
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,cnsider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置I think it necessary that we take plenty f ht water every day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的. I feel it a pity that I haven’t been t the get-tgether. 我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯. We all find it imprtant that we (shuld) make a quick decisin abut this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it 这类动词主要有：hate, take, we, have, I hate it when they talk with their muths full f fd. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话. He will have it that ur plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行. We take it that yu will agree with us. 我们认为你会同意我们的.
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句③虽然有动词find,feel,cnsider,make,believe，但若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替 We all cnsider what yu said t be unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的. We discvered what we had learned t be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.
注意：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppse, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I dn’t think it is right fr him t treat yu like that.
“THAT”的省略问题？
that引导的宾语从句只是起连结作用,本身没有意义,在口语或非正式文件中可以省略She said (that) she was ging t study French. 她说她准备去学法语.
在以下情况中that不能省略① 当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。 He said (that) yu were t yung t understand the matter and that he was tld nt t tell yu.② 当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。Just then I nticed, fr the first time, that ur master was wearing his fine green cat and his black silk cap.③ 当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。 I can’t tell him that his mther died.
在以下情况中that不能省略④ 主句中有it作形式宾语, that不可省 We think it is imprtant that every citizen shuld have gd manners.  ⑤ 宾语从句的第一个词为this/ that时, 引导词that不可省   She tld me that that night was very cld.  她告诉我,那个晚上很冷
Whether 和 If 互换问题？
由whether,if 引导的宾语从句一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。I wnder whether(if) they will cme t ur party.1）只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句在带t的不定式前 We decided whether t walk there在介词的后面 I’m thinking f whether we shuld g t see the film.在动词后面的宾语从句时 We discussed whether we had a sprts meeting next week直接与r nt连用时 I can’t say whether r nt they can cme n time.
由whether, if 引导的宾语从句
2） 只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果” The students will g n a picnic if it is sunny.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时 He asked if I didn’t cme t schl yesterday.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时 He talks as if he has knwn all abut it.
时态1） 主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。 The headmaster hpes everything ges well.2） 主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。 She was srry that she hadn’t finished her wrk n time.3） 当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。 The teacher tld his class that light travels faster than sund.
 In summary：1. 宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。2. 宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。3. 连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。4. whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟r nt。5. 如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.
定语从句宾语从句是复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，它起定语的作用。
1.The meeting that yu have missed yesterday was very imprtant. 2. The girl wh is making a speech right nw is ur mnitr3. The vase that I brke yesterday was very expensive.4. The by wh helped yu yesterday is my neighbr. 5. That's just the tpic that I'm very interested in.6. He is just the bss wh gave me that valuable pprtunity. 7. This is the tpic/theme that I'm tired f.
8.He is the teacher wh helped me. 9. We all like that speaker wh is very humrus. 10. The ld lady whse tw daughters are bth teachers is ur neighbr.The huse, which I bught last year, has a lvely garden.　He seems nt t have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
先行词：就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。（关系词不仅起连接作用，而且还代表先行词并在定语从句中担任某一句子成分）关系代词wh, whm, whse, which和that等。作主语、宾语、定语、表语等；关系副词有when, where, why等。作状语。
This is the bk that my father bught me yesterday. 说明：句中修饰the bk的that my father bught me yesterday就是定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的the bk这是先行词；代表the bk的关系代词that在定语从句中作bught的直接宾语。The time when he arrives is nt knwn. 他到达的时间还不知道。说明：句中when he arrives是定语从句，被定语从句修饰的the time是先行词，关系副词when作时间状语。
限定性定语从句&非限定性定语从句
所谓定语从句，就是用句子做了形容语来修饰先行词，那这个句子叫定语从句。 我有一个长着一头长发的女儿。（主：我 谓：有 宾：女儿 ）（长着一头长发的）=定语 我有一个女儿，她长着一头长发。 第一句要表达的意思是完全清晰准确的，也就是说定语一定要修饰宾语这个名词的。 而第二句只是泛泛的说明了一下，没有强调。我有个女儿，他长着一头长发 英语的限定与非限定完全取决于中文你要表达的意思，你的中文严密，英语就限定，不严密强调，英语就非限定。 为什么要用句子来代替形容词？因为英语中没有这样的单词有这样的意思我有一个长着一头发长的女儿。限定 I have a girl wh has lng hair. 我有一个女儿，她有一头长发。非限定 I have a girl, wh has lng hair.
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。Our guide，wh was a French Canadian，was an excellent ck.
1. D yu remember the girl wh taught us English?
你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗?
2. Clck is a kind f instrument which can tell peple time.
钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器
3. This is the place where he used t live.
这就是他过去居住的地方。
4. Mr. Zhang, wh came t see me yesterday, is an ld friend f mine.
张先生昨天来看我,他是我的一位朋友。
5. We walked dwn the village street, where they were having market day.
我们沿着村里的大街向前走去,村民们正在那里赶集。
在前三个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系密切,为限制性定语从句,不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。在后两个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系不密切,为非限制性定语从句,可用逗号将其与主句隔开。
例 1. 他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物,这使她非常高兴。     误: He gave his mther a clr TV set fr her birthday, that pleased her a lt.     正: He gave his mther a clr TV set fr her birthday, which pleased her a lt.例 2. 他没通过这次考试,令我很失望。     误: He didn't pass the exam, that disappinted me.     正: He didn't pass the exam, which disappinted me.
一大原则： that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句     所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句,大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句,但 that 不可。
在非限定性定语从句中：先行词指人 ：wh , which 或 whse先行词指物 ：which;先行词表时间或地点： when , where 1. We'll graduate in July, when we will be free.     我们将于七月份毕业,到那时我们就自由了。 2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a cnference was t be held.     他们上周日到达南京,有个会议要在那里举行。
只有 which 才能引导非限制性定语从句？
关系代词的一般用法先行词是人，在从句中作主语用wh，作宾语用whm或wh，作定语用whse；先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which，作定语用f which或whse均可。在限制性定语从句中which, wh, whm都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。This is the man wh helped me yesterday. The teacher (wh/whm/that) yu want t see is cming. I met a by whse father was a astrnaut. Here is the cat which/that will be made t yu. This is the factry (which/that) we visited last year.He has a bk whse cver (=the cver f which) is very beautiful. 
关系副词的一般用法关系副词有when, where, why，在定语从句中分别表示时间、地点和原因。when的先行词通常是time, day, seasn, age, ccasin等时间名词；where的先行词通常是place, city, twn, village, huse, case, situatin, scenes等地点或情形名词；why的先行词只能是reasn。关系副词when和where有时可用“介词＋which”代替，why可用fr which代替。如：There are ccasins when (=n which) ne must yield. Beijing is the place where (=in which) I was brn.　Is this the reasn why (=fr which) he refused ur ffer?　注意：先行词虽然是时间或地点，但若在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词。(1)The factry where his father wrked has clsed. 比较：The factry which/that was built in 1978 has clsed(2) I’ll never frget the days when we lived tgether. 比较：I’ll never frget the days (that) we spent in Australia. (3) The reasn (why) she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. 比较：The reasn (that) he gave fr his absence was bviusly fabricated
THAT和WHICH的用法？
习惯上要用that引导的定语从句(1)当先行词是指物的all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nthing, nne, the ne时，或先行词被all, little, few, much, any, every, n等修饰时。All that can be dne has been dne. He will tell yu everything that he heard abut it.There is little wrk that is fit fr yu. I have eaten all the fd that is left. (2)先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last, next)、最高级形容词及the nly, the very 等修饰时。This is the first film that I have seen since I came here.This is the best that has been used against pllutin. This is the very bk that I am lking fr. (3)先行词包括人和物时They ften talk abut the peple and the things that they are interested in.(4)当主句是以wh或which开头的疑问句时，为了避免重复，多用that引导。如：Which is the huse that caught fire last night? Wh is the lady that is playing the pian? 
习惯上不用that引导的定语从句(1)在非限制性定语从句中，不以能用that引导。(2)直接在介词后作宾语时，不能用that引导，要用whm, whse或which，且不能省略。The huse in which we live is nt large. 我们住院的房子不大。I knw the yung man with whm yu live. 我认识和你住在一起的那个年青人。但当介词放在从句的末尾时，可以用that替代which, wh替代whm，也可以省略关系代词。如：The huse (which/that) we live in is nt large. 我们住院的房子不大。I knw the man (whm/wh/that) yu live with. 我认识和你住在一起的那个人。
 In summary：基本概念限定性&非限定性关系词的选择怎么写定语从句注意事项
1.这就是昨天给我们作报告的小王2.上周你看见的那个人已离开了城镇。3.桂林是座具有2000年历史的城市。4.妈妈做的月饼很好吃。  5.住在楼下的那个人英语说得很好。 6.这是那本你正在找的书。 7.他住的房子很大。8.他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。