专题小升初英语复习词法第六讲 介词（带答案）

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第六讲  介词              1. 题型：单项选择、完形填空。2. 分值：2-4分。3. 考点范围：时间，地点，方式介词的用法，常见的介词短语。4. 考查重点：时间，地点，方式介词的用法、介词短语的词义。  一、定义：介词是一种虚词，必须与名词、代词或名词性短语等构成介词短语，常置于名词或代词之前，表示该词与句子其他成分之间的关系，在句中一般不单独作任何句子成分。 二、分类按介词本身的意义来讲，可分为时间介词、方位介词、方式介词、动向介词、原因介词等。词类例词时间介词at, in, on, before, after, from方位介词on, in, at, behind, over, above, under, below动向介词up, down, through, along, out of方式介词by, on, with原因介词for, from, of, with 三、表示时间的介词1. at & in & onatonin钟点 at six o’clock用餐 at lunchtime节日 at Christmas年龄 at the age of 14时间 at this time一天中的某段时间at noon/ at night星期几 on Sunday日期   on May 4th节假日 on New Year’s Dayon weekendson vacation特定的上/下午 on a cold morning of winter月份 in April年份 in 1999季节 in winter世纪 in the 19th centuryin +时间段 表示多长时间以后，多用于将来时 2. before & afterbefore，意思是“在......之前”；after，意思是“在......之后”。 3. for & duringfor，表示持续的时间长短，意思是“长达......之久”；during，强调某一段时间之内，意思是“在......期间”。 4. since & tillsince，意思是“自从......以来”；till，意思是“直到......为止”。【例如】：I get up _________seven o’clock. 我七点起床。I have English class _________ Monday. 我星期一有英语课。You can find many flowers _________spring. 你可以在春天发现很多花。We will leave _________the rain. 我们将在下雨前离开。We will leave _________tomorrow. 我们在明天之后将离开。He reads English books_________two hours every day. 他每天看两个小时英语书。He got an “A” on his paper _________this term. 这学期，他得到了“A”。He waited _________midnight yesterday. 他昨天一直等到深夜。We have been here twice _________ 2012.自从2012年以来，我们已经来这里两次了。【典例】：(   ) (2018. 一中系) Please come to my birthday party_____seven this evening.A. in B. on C. at解析：本题考查介词的用法。句意为“请在今晚七点来参加我的生日聚会。”，七点为具体的时刻，用介词“at”，故答案为C。答案：C【演练】：(   ) 1. (2017. 江苏毕业考改编) When is your birthday?  —My birthday is________ July.A. on B. at C. in(   ) 2. (2017. 长郡系) A baby sleeps _________sixteen hours a day.A. is B. for C. to D. at(   ) 3. —What time do you go to school every day?  —________7:30.A. On B. In C. At(   ) 4. The milk worker usually works______ night.A. in B. at C. on(   ) 5. He left school _________ a hot summer evening.A. at B. on C. in 四、表示地点、方位的介词①in 在……里 ②on 在……上 ③under 在……下面 ④behind 在……后面  ⑤in front of 在……前面 ⑥between 在……中间⑦around 在……周围 ⑧beside/near /next to 在……旁边，在……附近⑨固定搭配：at the corner 在角落里 at the bus stop 在公交站 at the crossroads 在十字路口in the newspaper 在报纸上 in the sky 在空中 at the foot of the hill 在山脚下at home 在家 at work 在上班 at school 在学校【例如】_______ China在中国 _______ the tree在树下 _______ the classroom 在教室_______ the bed在床下 _______ the sofa在沙发上 _____________ the tree在树后_______Jim在吉姆后 _______ the table在桌子上 __________ my home在家周围______________ the window在窗户旁    __________ the school在学校前______________ the school在学校附近    _______________ him在他前面______________ two trees在两棵树之间    ____________ the world全世界 【典例】：(   ) (2018. 长郡系) They are reading about an English boy_____ the newspaper.A. on B. at C. in D. to解析：本题考查介词的用法。句意为“他们正在报纸上看一个关于英国男孩的故事。”“on the newspaper”是指在报纸（纸张的）上面；无“at the newspaper”的搭配；in the newspaper指在报纸里的新闻内容，故答案为C。答案：C【演练】：(   ) 1. (2017. 江西毕业考改编) Look! Our teacher is standing ________ two students.A. between B. under C. on(   ) 2. (2017. 浙江毕业考改编) Sally sits_______ Danny. Danny sits ________ Sally.A. beside; in front of B. behind; in front of C. behind; besides(   ) 3. (2017. 广西毕业考改编) Where are John’s pants?  —They’re ______ the big box.A. at B. for C. in (   ) 4. —Mom, I can’t find my clock. Is it under the desk?  —No, it’s________the desk.A. of B. in C. under(   ) 5. Shanghai is one of the best city________China.A. in B. on C. to 五、表示方式的介词1. by：“用......，以......，靠......”某种方式或手段例如： by hand 手工制造；learn English by listening to music 通过听音乐学英语【拓展】：①by, in, on表示乘坐交通工具的区别：用by时，交通工具前不用任何限定词；用on或in时，交通工具前用限定词。(其中in一般用于car, taxi)【例如】：by bike, by train, by bus; on a bike, on the train, on the bus; in a car, in the taxi②on的一些固定搭配：on foot 步行 on TV 在电视上 on the Internet 在网络上on the radio 在广播中 on the phone 在电话中2. in：“使用语言、材料等”例如：in English用英语; in Chinese用汉语【拓展】：in的其他用法：表示穿着，戴着；在……方面；表示某事的形式、形状、数量3. with：“使用具体的工具或某物”例如：I often write with that pen. 我经常使用那只钢笔写字。【拓展】：with的其他用法：表示“带有，具有，拥有”；表示“和......一起”【例如】：(1) I go to school_______bike. 我骑单车去上学。(2) Write these words _______English. 用英语写下这些单词。(3) I often do my homework _______a pen. 我经常用钢笔做作业。(4) I often dream of a big house _______ a nice garden. 我经常梦想有一个带花园的大房子。(5) Now I am in China _______my parents. 我现在和我的父母在中国。(6) The man _______black is my uncle. 穿黑衣服的男人是我的叔叔。(7) That was a small country rich _______oil. 那是个富有石油的小国家。(8) The students sat _______rows on the playground.学生们一排排地坐在操场上。 【典例】：(   ) (2017. 内蒙古毕业考改编) Qingdao is far from Changsha. Let’s go _____ plane.A. in B. by C. on解析：本题考查方式介词的用法。句意为“青岛离长沙很远。我们乘飞机去吧。”，表示乘坐交通工具时，by后不用限定词，in和on后需要，故答案为B。答案：B【演练】：(   ) 1. (2018. 一中系) —Do you play baseball?  —No, but I watch baseball games____ TV.A. in B. on C. with(   ) 2. (2017. 上海毕业考改编) I can sing the song __________ Chinese.A. on B. with C. in(   ) 3. (2017. 江苏毕业考改编) People write ___________ their hands.A. with B. by C. in(   ) 4. We went to the zoo ____________foot.A. on B. by C. with 六、其他介词1. of ①表示“……的”(所属、所有关系)    【例如】：the cover of this book 这本书的封皮②表示“……之中的”(表示部分)。    【例如】：some boys of the team 小组里的几个男生③表示“……份/量的，……种类的”(表示量、种类)。【例如】：a pair of shoes 一双鞋 2. for①表示“当作、作为”。【例如】：I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。②表示“为了……”(表示目的、用途、利益)。【例如】：What can I do for you? 我能为你做些什么吗？③表示一段时间，“计、达”。【例如】：He has run for two hours. 他跑了两小时。④表示动作的对象，“给.......”【例如】：My mum bought a new bike for me.  我妈妈买了一辆新单车给我。⑤表示“因为，由于”(表示原因)【例如】：Thanks for your help. 感谢你的帮助。⑥表示所属关系或用途，意为“为、适于……的”。【例如】：It’s time for school. 到上学的时间了。 3. from①表示“(时间或场所)从……，自……”。【例如】：We work from Monday to Friday. 我们周一到周五上班。②表示“(两地的距离)离……”。【例如】：The nearest hospital is 10 miles from my house. 最近的医院离我家十英里远。③表示“出自……，来自……”【例如】：Susan got a letter from her aunt. 苏珊收到一封她姨妈的来信。4. to①表示“到……，往……”【例如】：This road leads to Paris. 这条路通往巴黎。②(表示时间)直到，在……之前【例如】：He wrote from morning to night. 他从早到晚写东西。③趋于，(变)成，(变)到【例如】：Things are going from bad to worse. 情形每况愈下。 【典例】：(   ) (2017. 浙江毕业考改编) Dad, what would you like _______ dinner?A. in B. at C. for解析：本题考查介词的用法。句意为“爸爸，你想要什么作为晚餐？”，“作为”应用“for”，故答案为C。答案：C【演练】：(   ) 1. (2018. 一中系) Thank you ______ giving me so much help.A. to B. for C. with(   ) 2. (2017. 四川毕业考改编) She is wearing a pair ________ white shoes.A. of B. for C. on(   ) 3. He is _______ Changsha.A. of B. from C. for 七、常见介词辨析1. in & at & on & toin，后接大地点；某一地区范围之内；at，后接小地点(门牌号)；on，后加层楼、街道；与某地相邻、接壤；to，某一地区范围之外。【演练】：He lives _______Beijing. 他住在北京。Russia is _______the north of China. 俄罗斯在中国的北部。They arrived _______the station. 他们到了车站。Fujian is _______the southeast of China. 福建在中国的南方。Taiwan is _______the east of Fujian. 台湾在福建的东部。 2. across & throughacross，“穿过”，表示从物体的表面穿过；(cross，动词，穿过，cross=go/walk+across)through，“穿过”，表示从物体的空间内穿过。【例如】：He walked _______the forest alone. 他独自一人穿过森林。He walked _______the road carefully. 他小心地穿过马路。 3. between & amongbetween，表示“在两者之间”；among，表示“在三者或三者以上之间”。【例如】：I found it ___________many old books. 我在许多旧书中找到了它。There was a fight __________the two boys. 这两个孩子打过一次架。 4. on & above & overon，表示“在......上面”，两个物体之间有接触；above，表示“在......上面”，但不一定是正上方，且两个物体之间没有接触；over，表示“在......上面”，垂直在上的正上方，两个物体表面没有接触。【例如】：The lamp is __________the table. 灯在桌子正上面。There is a book __________the desk. 桌子上面有一本书。His office is __________ours. 他的办公室在我们的上面。 5. below & underbelow，表示“在......下面”，不一定是正下方；under，表示“在......下面”，在另一物体垂直在下的正下方。【例如】：Write your name __________the line. 在线下写上你的名字。The dog was __________the table. 狗在桌子正下面。【典例】：(   ) (2017. 安徽毕业考改编) Mother Owl and Baby Owl are flying _____the bridge.A. above B. over C. on解析：本题考查介词辨析。句意为“猫头鹰妈妈和猫头鹰宝宝正飞过那架桥。”，猫头鹰飞过时，不一定是在正上方，且和桥没有接触，用above，故答案为A。答案：A【演练】：(   ) 1. (2017. 北京毕业考改编) The sky is_______ our heads.A. on B. above C. over(   ) 2. They walked _______ the gate with Uncle Wang.A. cross B. through C. across(   ) 3. Beijing is _______ the north _________China.A. at; in B. on; in C. in; of 八、其他1. in the tree & on the tree in the tree和on the tree都意为“在树上”，但所表示的含义有区别。in the tree多指外界的事物或人在树上，而非树木自身所长；on the tree则多指树自身所有，长在树上的东西。 2. in the wall & on the wallin the wall穿过墙，门、窗在墙上用in；on the wall挂在墙上，贴在、挂在墙上用on 九、常见介词短语a glass of 一杯…… a lot of 许多…… a pair of 一双……agree with 同意…… at first/ last首先/最后 at home 在家at noon/ night 在中午/晚上 at school 在学校 at the top of 在……顶部at the weekend 在周末 be good at 擅长于…… be made of 由……制造get on/ off 上车/下车 by the way 顺便问问 close to 靠近……be different from 不同于 fall down 跌倒 far away from 远离from then on 从那时起 from...to... 从……到…… be full of 充满get to 到达 go on 继续 hand in 上交help sb. with... 帮助某人做某事 in English 用英语 in the end 最后in the middle 在中间 in the sky 在空中 in time/ on time及时/准时be famous for 因……而著名 in trouble 遇到麻烦 be late for 迟到look for 寻找 not at all 根本不 on holiday 度假on the farm 在农场 how/what about 怎么样 Thank you for… 感谢……on the left/ right 在左边/右边 look like 看上去像 play with 与……玩get out of 走出……之外 put on 穿上，戴上 take off 脱下sit down 坐下 stand up 起立 start for 出发前往talk to 和……交谈 wait for 等待 take part in 参加wake up 醒来 get up 起床 go to bed 睡觉be interested in 对……感兴趣 give up 放弃 turn on/ off 打开/关闭look after/ take care of 照管，照看，照顾 turn up/down 调大/小It’s time to do sth. / It’s time for sth. 是该……的时候了in the morning / afternoon / evening在早上/下午/晚上in the east / south / west /north在东/南/西/北方go to/get to/arrive at(in)等，“到达”，后接home, there, here等时，省略to, at, in  I. 单项选择(   ) 1. (2018. 长郡系) So many apples are______ that tree and there is a monkey _____ it, too.A. on; in B. in; on C. in; in D. on; on(   ) 2. (2018. 长郡系) Are you going to take part _____the meeting?A. on B. at C. in D. to(   ) 3. (2018. 长郡系) —How do you go_____there?  —I go by bus.A. to B. for C. / D. on(   ) 4. (2018. 一中系) After running_______ a field and walking_______a forest, she finally reached a small river.A. across; through B. cross; through C. through; across(   ) 5. (2018. 一中系) She usually gets up_______ half past seven in the morning.A. at B. on C. of(   ) 6. (2018. 一中系) It’s time_______lunch.A. to B. for C. have(   ) 7. (2018. 一中系) Please stand_______line.A. in B. on C. to(   ) 8. (2018. 一中系) Can you help my child_____ his science _____ Tuesday morning.A. in; in B. with; on C. with; at(   ) 9. (2017. 一中系) Don’t read in the sun, Millie! It’s bad_______your eyes.A. with B. for C. at(   ) 10. (2016. 一中系) —When’s your birthday?  —It’s_______January 1st.—What would you like_______a birthday present?  —I would like a yo-yo.A. on; for B. in; as C. on; with II. (一中系、长郡系改编) 用through, from, for, at, about, on, in, with, under, of填空11. (2018) The girl__________ long hair is tall.12. (2018) She’s very different __________her sister. She is cleverer.13. (2018) It’s time__________dinner. Let’s go home.14. (2018) He has a birthday party __________ Friday.15. (2018) Mr. White gets up__________7:00 __________the morning.16. (2018) The basketball__________ the bed isn’t mine.17. (2018) The hospital is in the north______ the cinema. You can walk north______five minutes.18. (2018) Look __________ the nice car.19. (2017) —How __________having dinner together?—Great! Let’s go to the restaurant __________ noon. 20. (2017) —Why is there a hole in the wall?  —My cat can get in or out__________it.   I. 单项选择(   ) 1. (2018. 雅礼系) ______, she went to the movies with her father.A. In the end B. At the end C. At the end of(   ) 2. (2018. 一中系) ______ the weekend, I usually go to bed______10:00 p.m.A. On; at B. In; at C. On; on(   ) 3. (2018. 一中系) I usually get up ______about seven o’clock every day.A. on B. of C. at(   ) 4. (2017. 一中系) Mr. Smith gets up ______7:00 ______Monday morning.A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on(   ) 5. (2017. 四川毕业考改编) People around the world come to visit the interesting places ______ Beijing.A. in B. on C. at(   ) 6. (2017. 江苏毕业考改编) Look carefully before you go ______ the street.A. cross B. across C. through(   ) 7. (2016. 福建毕业考改编) Tom is________ America. Now he is_______ Shanghai.A. from; in B. in; from C. from; from(   ) 8. (2016. 附中系) The food here is quite different______Chinese food.A. at B. from C. with(   ) 9. (2015. 一中系) I usually get up______8:00 in summer holidays.A. in B. at C. on(   ) 10. _______ the afternoon of April 1st, we went to Japan.A. On B. At C. In II. 用in, to, on, from, at, for, under, over填空11. It often rains _______June.12. The store opens_______ Monday to Saturday.13. My father usually comes back from work______6:30 ________the evening.14. It’s time _______Chinese class.15. They have lived in China ________two years.16. There is a picture________ the wall.17. I don’t know the way ________the park.18. I can sing the songs ________ French.19. —What are you doing _______the tree?  —I’m waiting for my sister.20. There is a bridge _______the river.   
参考答案第六讲  介词【演练】：三、 at;   on;   in;   before;   after;  for;   /;   till;    since     CBCBB四、 in;  under;   in;    under;    on;     behind;  behind;   on;   around;   by;   in front of;   near;   in front of;   between;    around    ABCBA五、by;    in;    with;    with;   with;   in;   in   in    BCAA六、BAB七、1. in; on;at;in; to    2. through; across     3. among; between    4. over; on; above5.below ; under         CBC【真题演练】：I. 1-5 ACCAA  6-10BABBAII. 11. with  12. from  13. for  14. on  15. at, in  16. under  17. of, for  18. at  19. about, at  20. through【巩固提升】：1-10 AACCA  BABBA 11. in  12. from  13. at, in  14. for  15. for  16.on  17.to  18. in  19. under  20. over