专题小升初英语复习词法第八讲 动词（带答案）

这是一份专题小升初英语复习词法第八讲 动词（带答案），共14页。试卷主要包含了 题型， 分值， 考点范围， 考查重点等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第八讲 动词

A Good Box of Matches
Mother sent Tommy to the store across the street to buy a good box of matches.When Tommy came back, mother asked him, “Did you buy a good box of matches?”
“Yes, Mum.” Tommy replied, “I have tried them all.”
一盒好用的火柴
妈妈让汤米去马路对面的商店里买一盒好用的火柴。汤米回来后，妈妈问他，“你买的是好用的火柴吗？”
“是的，妈妈。”汤米回答，“我把它们都试过了。”











1. 题型：单项选择、完形填空、句型转换、正确形式填空。
2. 分值：3-5分。
3. 考点范围：be动词、情态动词、实义动词、助动词的用法，动词短语的词义辨析。
4. 考查重点：be动词、情态动词、实义动词的用法，一般疑问句的回答，动词短语的词义辨析。



一、定义
表示动作或状态的词。

二、分类
按照动词词义和在句子中的作用，动词可分为四类：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。
分类
例词
实义动词
open, like, learn, stop, tell
系动词
be, become, sound, feel
助动词
do, does, did, will
情态动词
can, should, must, need
（一） 实义动词
1. 定义
实义动词也叫行为动词，能独立作谓语，有人称、时态的变化。
【例如】：I asked him a question. 我问了他一个问题。
They work in a factory. 他们在工厂工作。

2. 常见实义动词辨析
①speak & say & talk & tell
speak意为“讲话；演说”，一般指说某国语言。
say意为“说；讲”，强调指说话的内容。
talk意为“说；讲；谈话”，着重强调两人之间的相互谈话，常与to, with搭配。
tell意为“告诉；讲述；吩咐”，多指以口头方式将某事告诉某人，另外还有一些固定用法：tell a story(讲故事), tell the truth(说实话), tell a joke(讲笑话), tell a lie(撒谎)。
【例如】：He can __________ Japanese. 他会说日语。
She __________, “Don’t draw on the wall!”. 她说：“不要在墙上画画。”
She is __________ with John in English. 他正在用英语和约翰说话。
She is __________ the children a story. 他正在和孩子讲故事。

②hear & listen & sound
hear意为“听说”，侧重于“听”的内容。
sound意为“听起来”，是系动词，后面接形容词等；sound还可以作名词，意为“声音”。
listen意为“听”，侧重于“听”这一动作，单独使用时，用来引起对方的注意；接宾语时，与to连用。
【例如】：__________ to me carefully. 认真听我说。
That __________ great. 那听起来真不错。
I’m sorry to __________ that you are ill.
听说你生病了，我很难过。

③look & see & watch & read
look指集中注意力地看，是有意的，强调“看”的动作。单独使用时，用来引起对方的注意；接宾语时，与at连用。
watch强调“专注地看”，含“欣赏”之意，常用于看电视、看球赛等。
see强调“看”的结果，意为“看见、看到”。
read指“看、读”，常用于看书、看报、读书等。
【例如】：__________! Tom is over there. 看，汤姆在那边。
__________ at the blackboard, please. 请看黑板。
How many birds can you __________ in the tree? 你能在树上看见几只鸟？
Do you __________ TV at night? 你晚上看电视吗？
I like __________ at home. 我喜欢在家看书。

④bring & take & carry
三个词都是动词，都含有“带”或“拿”的意思，但使用的场合各不相同。
bring意为“带来，拿来”。
take是bring的反义词，意为“带去，拿走”。
carry意为“运载，携带，输送”，运送的方式很多，可以用车，船，也可以用手甚至用头。
【例如】：Next time, don’t forget to __________ me your homework. 下次不要忘记带作业。
__________ the box away, please. 请把盒子拿走。
This bus can __________ 100 passengers.
这辆公交车可以运100个乘客。

⑤arrive & get & reach
三者均可表示“到达”。
arrive后通常接介词at(一般用于小地点)或in(一般用于大地点)，后接home/here/there等，省略at/in。
get后通常接介词to，后接home/here/there等，省略to。
reach后可直接跟地点名词做宾语(不用介词)。
【例如】：When we __________ to the park, it began to rain. 我们到达公园时，就开始下雨了。
He __________ Beijing yesterday. 他们昨天到达了北京。
We will__________ at the station in five minutes. 我们五分钟后将到达车站。
They will __________ in Paris next Monday. 他们下个星期将到达巴黎。

【典例】：( ) 1. (2017. 附中系) Lucy often _____ TV on Saturday.
A. sees B. looks C. watches
解析：本题考查动词用法辨析。句意为“露西经常在星期六看电视。看电视、看球赛等用“watch”，故答案为C。
答案：C
( ) 2. (2016. 附中系) I read English aloud every morning because I want ____ English______.
A. to say; good B. to speak; well C. to talk; well
解析：本题考查动词的固定搭配。句意为“我每天早上大声读英语因为我想说好英语。”，want to do sth. ：想要做某事，固定搭配；good：形容词，修饰名词、不定代词等；well：副词，修饰动词等。说语言用“speak”，故答案为B。
答案：B
【演练】：
1. 用speak, say, talk, tell正确形式填空
① Can you ______________Chinese?
② My mother always ______________me a story before sleeping.
③ Can you ______________with me about China?
④ He______________he wants to go to the park.

2. 用hear, listen, sound正确形式填空
① The song ______________sweet.
② Don’t ______________music in class.
③ I can ______________someone knocking(敲门).

3. 用look, see, watch, read正确形式填空
① ______________at the blackboard carefully.
② I can ______________three birds in the tree.
③ I usually ______________TV with my brother at nine.
④ He ______________ a newspaper in the car.

4. 用bring, take, carry正确形式填空
① Please ______________your homework to school.
② Can you ______________your rubbish away.
③ The box is too heavy. I can’t ______________it.

5. 用arrive, get, reach正确形式填空
① He ______________to Beijing today.
② He ______________in Beijing today.
③ He ______________Beijing today.

（二）系动词
1. 定义
系动词，是用来辅助主语的动词。它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

2. 状态系动词---be动词
①定义
用来表示主语状态，be动词包括am, is, are(一般翻译成“是”)及这三个词的相应变化形式(am, is的过去式是was，are的过去式是were)。

②用法
我(I)是am，你(you)是are, is跟着他(he)、她(she)、它(it)，复数人称都用are；
单数名词用is，复数名词全是are。
变疑问，往前提，句末问号别丢弃；
变否定，更容易，be后not别忘记。
【例如】：—Are you a basketball player? 你是一个篮球运动员吗？
—Yes, I am. 是的，我是。/ No, I’m not. 不，我不是。
My father and mother are workers. 我的爸爸和妈妈是工人。
He isn’t tall. 他长得不高。
【注意】：
be动词的相关缩写：
I am =I’m you are=you’re he/she/it is=he’s/she’s/it’s they are=they’re
are not= aren’t is not= isn’t am not 无缩写

【典例】：( ) (2018. 一中系) —How much_____ the trousers? —_____twenty dollars.
A. is; It’s B. are; It’s C. are; They’re
解析：本题考查be动词的用法。句意为“裤子多少钱？20美元”，“the trousers”为复数，故第一空为“are”，第二空为“They’re”，故答案为C。
答案：C
【演练】：
( ) 1. My brother __________a coach. He likes________ sports very much.
A. is; doing B. is; do C. are; does
( ) 2. In the first photo_________ my brothers, Tom and Bob.
A. are B. am C. is

3. 其他系动词
常见其他系动词类型归纳：
“感官”(feel, look, smell, sound, taste), “变得”(get, become, turn, grow), “保持”(keep, remain, stay)。
【例如】：This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。
He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。
He always keeps silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

【典例】：( ) (2018. 一中系) —Do you like listening to My Heart Will Go On?
—Yes. It_______ really beautiful.
A. smells B. sounds C. tastes
解析：本题考查系动词词义辨析。“smell”：“闻起来”；“sound”：“听起来”；“taste”：“尝起来”。问句意为“你喜欢听我心永恒吗？”，歌曲应跟“听上去”搭配，可知答句句意应为“是的，它听上去真漂亮”，故答案为B。
答案：B
【演练】：
( ) 1. (2017. 浙江毕业考改编) Her voice ________ like my mother’s.
A. sounds B. sound C. looks
( ) 2. There are many cakes in the shop. They _______ delicious.
A. look B. sound C. taste
(三) 助动词
助动词本身没有词义，它和实义动词一起构成各种时态和语态，也可构成否定句和疑问句。常用的助动词有do, does, did, will等。
【例如】：Does he like playing football? 他喜欢踢足球吗？
Did you see a film yesterday? 你昨天看电影了吗？
【注意】：
当一个句子出现了be动词，就无实义动词（动词原形、三单、过去式），两者是“水火不容”的，只能二选一；只有两种情况两者必须同时存在：现在进行时和被动语态。
【例如】：I went to the park last Sunday. （√） 我上个星期天去了公园。
I was went to the park last Sunday.（×）
It is a park. （√） 这是一个公园。
It is has a park. （×）
Listen! The boy is singing. 听！那个男孩正在唱歌。
A new shop was built near my home last year.
去年我家附近被建了一个新的商店。

【典例】：( ) (2017. 江苏毕业考改编) Li Lei _______ like fish, but his sister likes it.
A. don’t B. doesn’t C. isn’t
解析：本题考查助动词的用法。句意为“李雷不喜欢鱼，但是他的妹妹喜欢。”，“like”：实义动词，句中缺少助动词，助动词应与主语在人称和数上保持一样，故答案为B。
答案：B
【演练】：
( ) 1. (2017. 海南毕业考改编) What sports ______ British people like?
A. do B. does C. are
( ) 2. (2017. 陕西毕业考改编) Where ______ your sister come from?
A. are B. is C. does

(四) 情态动词
1. 定义
表示说话人的语气或情态。情态动词有自己的词义，但是词义不完整，不能单独作谓语。常见的情态动词有：can(could), may(might), must, need, have to, shall(should), will(would), had better等。
【例如】：May I borrow your book? 我可以借你的书吗？

2. 用法
①后接实义动词原形一起构成谓语。
【例如】：I can play the piano. 我可以弹钢琴。
②无人称和数的变化。
【例如】：He can play the piano. 他可以弹钢琴。
③将情态动词提至句首，转换成一般疑问句，其肯定回答为“Yes, 主语+情态动词.”；否定回答为“No, 主语+情态动词+not.”。
【例如】：—Can he play the piano? 他会弹钢琴吗？
—Yes, he can. 是的，他会。/ —No, he can’t. 不，他不会。
④在情态动词后加not，转换成否定句。
【例如】：He can’t play the piano. 他不会弹钢琴。

3. 常见情态动词的用法
1) can：能够，会，可以
①表示会，能够
【例如】：He can speak English. 他会说英语。
②表示许可或请求
【例如】：You can use this pen. 你可以用这支笔。
Can I borrow your book? 我可以借你的书吗？

2) could：能，可以
不表示时态，表示提出委婉的请求，在回答中不可用could。
【例如】：—Could I have the television on? 我可以开电视吗？
—Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 是的，你可以。/ 不，你不可以。

3) may：可以，可能
表示许可或请求，其否定回答用can’t或mustn’t。
【例如】：—May I go home now? 我可以现在回家吗？
—Yes, you may. /No, you can’t. 是的，你可以。/ 不，你不能。

4) must：必须，一定要
①表示主观上的需要，有必要、义务；mustn’t表示禁止
【例如】：You must do your homework right now. 你必须现在写作业。
You mustn’t smoke here. 你不准在这里抽烟。
②以must开头的疑问句，其否定回答要用needn’t
【例如】：—Must I clean the classroom now? 我必须现在打扫教室吗？
—Yes, you must. /No, you needn’t(don’t have to). 是的，你一定要。/不，你不必要。

5) have to：不得不
表客观上的要求，不得已而为之。
【例如】：My mother is ill, so I have to stay at home. 我妈妈生病了，所以我必须待在家。

6) need：需要
need既可作实义动词用，又可作情态动词用。作为情态动词，只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。need作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to。
①实义动词：need（需要, 要求），need + n. / to do sth.
②情态动词：need，只用原形，need+do sth.，否定形式为need not(needn’t)。
【例如】：—Need you go yet? 你需要走了吗？
—Yes, I must. / No, I needn’t. 是的，我必须走了。/ 不，我不必走。

7) had better：最好
had better相当于一个助动词，只有一种形式，后面要跟动词原形。
had better (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事
【例如】：It is pretty cold.You’d better put on your coat.
外面非常冷。你最好穿上外套。
She’d better not play with the dog. 她最好不要玩狗。
【典例】：( ) (2018. 一中系) —May I take the books out of the reading room?
—Sorry, you_______. You _______ read them here.
A. can’t; must B. mustn’t; can C. needn’t; may
解析：本题考查情态动词的用法。问句意为“我可以把书带出阅览室吗？”，根据答句“不好意思”可知，不能把书带出阅览室，必须在这里看，A选项：“不能；必须”，B选项：“不准；能”，C选项：“不必；可以”，故答案为A。
答案：A
【演练】：
( ) 1. (2017. 湖北毕业考改编) You ______ go and ask Meimei. She _______ know the answer.
A. must; can B. need; can C. can; may
( ) 2. (2017. 山东毕业考改编) ______ you help me with it? I _______ finish it in time.
A. May; may not B. Can; can’t C. Will; mustn’t

三、常见动词短语
make the bed 整理床铺 go to school/college 上学/大学 take photos 拍照
clean the floor 扫地 collect stamps 集邮 come back 回来
cook the meal 煮饭 do housework 做家务 do morning exercises 晨练
do one’s homework 做作业 do some reading 读点书 do sports 做运动
draw a picture 画画 drink some water 喝些水 drive a car 驾车
fall over 跌倒 go out 出去 go straight on 直走
write a letter 写信 go to work 去上班 have a bath 洗澡
have a lesson 上课 have a rest 休息 have a trip 去旅游
have a try 试一试 have time 有时间 keep a diary 记日记
let me see 让我想一想/看一看 listen to music 听音乐 plant trees 种树
ride a bike 骑自行车 surf the Net 上网 take a message 捎口信
take exercise 进行锻炼 take medicine 服药 wait a moment 稍等一下
wait for 等候 wash the clothes 洗衣服 wash the dishes 洗碟子
watch a football match 看足球赛 watch TV 看电视 water the flower 浇花
have a look (at) 看一看…… make friends (with) 与……交朋友
play games/cards/chess 做游戏/打牌/下棋 go to the cinema/see a film 去看电影
have a good time(have fun) 玩得开心 have a picnic 进行野餐
have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭 go home/there/here 回家/去那儿/去这儿
ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人(不)做某事 be worth doing 值得去做...
enjoy doing sth.(like/love doing sth.) 喜欢做某事 want(would like) to do sth. 想要做某事
tell sb.(not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不)做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事
介词(in/on/ at/for/of/ about/with...)+doing let sb. (not) do sth. 让某人(不)做某事
finish doing sth. 完成做某事 keep doing sth. 坚持做某事
play the piano/ violin/guitar/drums 弹钢琴/拉小提琴/弹吉他/打鼓
have a cold/fever/stomachache/headache/toothache 感冒/发烧/胃痛/头痛/牙痛
play basketball/volleyball/tennis/badminton(football) 打篮球/排球/网球/羽毛球(踢足球)
go fishing/skating/swimming/shopping/skiing/camping/sightseeing/climbing/hiking/boating
去钓鱼/滑冰/游泳/购物/滑雪/露营/观光/爬山/远足/划船



I. 单项选择
( ) 1. (2018. 一中系) My father and my mother______ in China.
A. is B. are C. be
( ) 2. (2018. 雅礼系) Mr. Smith wants us______Exercise 1, but you let us_______Exercise 2.
A. to do; to do B. to do; do C. do; to do
( ) 3. (2018. 雅礼系) This pair of socks ________not mine. My socks ________on the bed.
A.is; are B. are; is C. are; are
( ) 4. (2018. 雅礼系) —Mom, can I go out to play now?
—I’ m afraid not, dear. You must finish ________your homework first.
A. do B. to do C. doing
( ) 5. (2018. 雅礼系) You must________the rules because they make the rules ________you.
A. make; to help B. follow; help C. follow; to help
( ) 6. (2017. 附中系) They love ________trees.
A. climbing B. climbed C. climb
( ) 7. (2016. 附中系) The UN ________make the world peaceful.
A. wants to B. want C. wants
( ) 8. (2016. 附中系) Lingling is good at art. She like________.
A. swimming B. running C. drawing
( ) 9. (2016. 附中系) —________it, please. —A-L-I-C-E.
A. Say B. Spell C. See
( ) 10. (2015. 长郡系) He ________the blackboard but couldn’t________ clearly.
A. watched; looked B. saw; watch C. looked at; see D. read; watch

II. 用所给单词的正确形式填空
11. (2018. 一中系) Bob can _________(play) the guitar well.
12. (2018. 一中系) What about _________(go) shopping with Lily? She also likes shopping.
13. (2018. 一中系) The pair of jeans_________(be) yours, it isn’t mine.
14. (2018. 一中系) Can Mary_________(draw) pictures?
15. (2018. 一中系) How about_________(go) shopping together?
16. (2017. 一中系) Mike is good at _________(make) model planes.
17. (2017. 一中系) My cousin Bob can’t_________(speak) English well.
18. (2017. 一中系) You are supposed to knock before_________(enter).
19. (2016. 一中系) What ________(be) the date today?
20. (2016. 一中系) Michael and Jackie _____(be) in the same class.



I. 单项选择
( ) 1. (2018. 一中系) —Do you _______ doing sports? —Yes, I do.
A. ask B. like C. want
( ) 2. (2018. 一中系) Look! Some bread ______in the bag. Some vegetables ______the table.
A. is; are B. are; is C. are; are
( ) 3. (2018. 一中系) —Can you play chess? —No, I_______.
A. can B. can’t C. am not
( ) 4. (2018. 一中系) —You______hand in your homework now. You______give it to me this afternoon. —Sure, thank you.
A. can’t; need B. mustn’t; need C. needn’t; can
( ) 5. (2018. 长郡系) There are many people in the shop. You must_______your things.
A. look at B. look after C. put on D. take off
( ) 6. (2017. 一中系) Math is difficult. But if you ______learning, you can improve(提高) it!
A. finish B. practice C. keep
( ) 7. (2017. 一中系)The song where is Spring_______sweet. I like it a lot.
A. listens B. hears C. sounds
( ) 8. (2017. 一中系) Can you give me a hand, Dad? I can’t _______the top of the shelf.
A. get B. reach C. find
( ) 9. (2016. 一中系) The beef___________delicious. I would like some more.
A. tastes B. looks C. smells
( ) 10. (2015. 一中系) Li Meng and Zhang Bin______my good friends.
A. is B. am C. are

II. 用所给单词的正确形式填空
11. (2018. 一中系) Look! Some chicken__________(be) in the bowl.
12. (2018. 一中系) Li Ming, what about_________(walk) to school?
13. (2016. 一中系) What does it mean? It means you couldn’t__________(smoke).
14. (2016. 一中系) Thank you for _________(make) me the nice soup, mum!
15. (2016. 一中系) She has round face. Her hair__________(be) black and long.
16. (2016. 一中系) Who can ___________(draw) the picture? Does anyone want to try?
17. Let me___________(help) you.
18. I enjoy___________(read) books.
19. Do you want ___________(have) some hamburgers?
20. She usually goes___________(shop) with his mum.








参考答案
第八讲 动词
(一) 2
①speak says talking telling
②Listen sounds hear
③ Look Look see watch reading
④ bring Take carry
⑤ got reached arrive arrive
【演练】：
1. speak tells talk says 2. sounds listen to hear
3. Look see watch is reading 4. bring take carry 5. gets arrives reaches
(二) 2. AA 3. AC
（三）AC (四) CB
【真题演练】：I. 1-5 BBACC 6-10 AACBC
II. 11. play 12. going 13. is 14. draw 15. going
16. making 17. speak 18. entering 19. is 20. are
【巩固提升】：1-5 BABCB 6-10 CCBAC
11. is 12. walking 13. smoke 14. making 15. is
16. draw 17. help 18. reading 19. to have 20. shopping