初中英语巩固练习+知识讲解总复习第13讲 非谓语动词（动词不定式，动名词及分词）

这是一份初中英语仁爱科普版九年级下册本册综合课时作业，共8页。
【巩固练习】I.单项选择。1．— How about going hiking this weekend?— Sorry. I prefer ______ rather than ______.A．to stay at home；go out B．to go out；stay at homeC．staying at home；go out D．going out；stay at home2．— Could you tell me how to improve spoken English?— Well, just take every chance to practice ______ and don’t be shy.A．speak B．to speak C．speaking D．spoke3. He pretended ______ me when he walked by.A．not see B．not to see C．don't see D．to not see4．Listen! There must be someone ______ through the jungle.A．trek B．treking C．trekking           D. to trek5．She writes slowly so she has trouble ______ notes in class.A．taken B．taking C．to take     D. took6．My English teacher is easy ______ so we all like her.A．to get along with          B. get along withC．to get along              D. getting along with7． Peter is busy ________ at school，but he never forgets ________ exercise every day．    A．working；doing    B．working；to do    C．at work；doing8．I saw a UFO ________ on the square in my dream．    A．to drop    B．1and    C．wear   D．to fly9．Tom’s mother asked him ________ some washing after dinner．    A．to do    B．does    C．do   D．did10．—Do you like playing the piano?   —Yes，but I don’t know ________ play it well．    A．what    B．how    C．what to    D．how to11． He made some toys ________ his little son．    A．please    B．to please   C．pleasing   D．pleased12．Teenagers should not ______.A．allowed to drive  B．be allow to drivingC．be allowed driving  D．be allowed to drive13．I’m very ______ and I really need an ______ vacation.A．tired, exciting B．tired, excitedC．tiring, exciting D．tiring, excited14．He's very good at English. He spends most of his free time ______ new words.A．remember B．rememberingC．remembers D．remembered15．— When are you leaving for the concert?— I'm not sure. I haven't finished ______ the dishes.A．do B．to do C．doing D．done16．— Why did you buy a radio?— ______ English.A．Learn B．Learning C．To learn D．Be learning17．The best way to learn English is ______ you ______ in an English-speaking environment.A．let; live  B．to let; to liveC．letting; living  D．to let, live18．The boy is often seen ______ play basketball after school.A．play B．to play C．to playing D．playedII. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Jenny saw a wallet ______（lie）on the ground.2. The heavy snow stopped them from______(go)out for a walk the day before yesterday.3. Don’t you hear someone ______(sing) in the next room?4. The little girl really feels like_______(eat)eggs.5. Keep ______(try).You are sure to get a good result.6. Lily finished ______(read) the book yesterday.7. Mr Lee made us ______(laugh)8. —The children should be told _____(not break) the traffic rules.—That’s right.9. He found it hard ____(catch) up with his classmates ,because all his classmates worked very hard.10. This is the best way _____(work) out this problem.【答案与解析】I.单项选择。1. A。考查句型prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.，表示“宁愿……，而不愿……”。句子的意思是 “—这个周末去远足怎么样？—很抱歉，我宁愿呆在家里也不愿意出去”。2. C。practice的意思是“练习”，其后接动名词形式作宾语，不能接不定式，所以答案为C项。3. B。pretend的意思是“假装”，其后接不定式作宾语，由此可以排除A和C，其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.，所以答案为B项。句子的意思是“当他走过我的身旁时，他假装没有看见我”。4. C。分析句子结构可知，该空要使用现在分词作定语，trek的现在分词形式是trekking，所以答案为C项。5. B。此题考查结构have trouble doing sth.，表示“做某事有困难”，答案为B项。6. A。be easy to do sth.表示“做某事是容易的”，注意get along with中的介词with不可省，所以答案为A项。7．B。 句意：彼得在学校忙于工作，但他每天从不忘记做锻炼。be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事；forget to do sth.忘记做某事(事情还未做)。 8．B。 句意：在梦里，我看见一个不明飞行物在广场上着陆。see sb. /sth. do sth．看见某人/某物做某事；land意为“着陆”。 9．A。  句意：汤姆的妈妈让他晚饭后洗碗。ask sb. to do sth. (动词不定式作宾语补足语)让某人做某事。故选A。 10．D。  句意为“——你喜欢弹钢琴吗?——是的，但我不知道怎样才能弹好它”。由句子结构可知，it作play的宾语，所以不能用what。此处考查“特殊疑问词+不定式”，故选D。11．B。  句意：他制作了一些玩具来讨好他年幼的儿子。这里应该用带to的动词不定式来作目的状语。正确答案为B。12. D。此题考查句型allow sb. to do sth.，表示“允许某人做某事”，此处使用的是被动语态。句子的意思是“青少年不应该被允许驾车”。13. A。tiring “累人的；令人疲倦的，麻烦的；无聊的”，常用来形容物；tired“疲倦的，厌倦的，厌烦的”，常用来形容人。由此可知第一空使用tired。excited意思是“兴奋的，激动的”，多用来修饰人；exciting意思是“使人兴奋的，刺激的，令人惊心动魄的，极其有趣的”，修饰物。由此可知答案为A项。14. B。此题考查结构spend some time (in) doing sth.，表示“花费时间做事某”，所以答案为B项。15. C。finish动词，意为“完成”，其后接动名词作宾语，所以答案为C项。16. C。上句的意思是“你为什么买收音机？”答案为C项，不定式表示目的，也就是说，买收音机的目的是学习英语。17. D。 let sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”，由此可以排除B和C；第一空所填词要作表语，可以使用不定式，但不能使用动词，所以D项正确。18. B。在短语see sb. do sth.（看见某人做某事）中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补，改为被动语态时要加上to。所以答案为B项。II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. lying      2.going      3.singing       4.eating       5.trying6. reading    7.laugh       8.not to break    9.to catch    10.to work  
非谓语动词【真题再现】1. — Some children can't afford ________ necessary stationary. ( 扬州)  — Let's donate our pocket money to them.A. buy   B. buying   C. to buy  D. be bought2. My parents always tell me ________ more vegetables and fruit. ( 北京)
 A. eat  B. eating   C. eats   D. to eat3. Spring Bud Project is an organization that raises money ________ poor young girls return to school. ( 镇江)A. to save         B. saving         C. helping         D. to help4. Granny often tells us ________ water in our daily life.( 泰安)A. save              B. saving           C. to save          D. saves5. Tom’s mother told him ________ eating too much meat.(黔西南州)A. stopping           B. to stop         C. stops         D. stopped6. — Hey guys, Chinese way of ________ the road is very dangerous. You must wait for the green lights on. ( 昆明)  — Thank you for your advice, sir.A. going            B. walking             C. crossing         D. passing7. — What else should we pay attention to ________ building the bridge?( 淮安)  －The change of the weather, I think.A. finish  B. finished  C. to finish  D. finishing8. —Tom, why are you in such a hurry?(黑龙江省龙东地区)  －Oh, my bike is broken, I’m going to have it ________.A. repairing B. repaired C. to repair    9. The WWF is working hard __________ the animals in danger．( 南宁)A．save    B．to save    C．saves    D．saved    10. Sarah, you’d better drink more water after __________ for such a long time. ( 广州)    A. run        B. runs        C. to run       D. running     11. This sign is used ________ tourists to stay away from the lion in the zoo．( 南通)A．to warn        B．to warning        C．to make        D．to making    12. Thanks to the robots, the human reporters do not have to spend a lot of time _______ boring numbers and information.( 临沂)A．processing   B．to process  C．processed  D．process  13. My friend invited me __________ the art club, and I accepted it with pleasure.( 上海)A. join    B. to join    C. joined     D. joining    14. Martin was so busy __________ the old that he gave up his part-time job. ( 上海)A. helping   B. helped    C.  to help     D.  help   15．The traffic signs warn people          after drinking. （ 青岛）A. to drive        B. not to drive               C. driving          D. don’t drive 【答案与解析】1. C。句意：——一些孩子买不起必要的文具。——让我们把零花钱捐给他们吧。afford后跟动词不定式作宾语，故选C项。2. D。句意：我父母总是告诉我多吃蔬菜和水果。tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事，故选D。3. D。句意：春蕾计划是一个为帮助贫困女孩重返学校募集钱的组织。此处需用动词不定式表示目的，排除B和C；save救，挽救；help帮助，根据句意选D。4. C。本句意为：Granny经常告诉我们在日常生活中要节约用水。tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事，故答案选C。5. B。本题意为：Tom的妈妈告诉他要停止吃太多的肉；tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事，故答案选B。6. C。本题意为：——嗨，中国式的过马路是很危险的。你必须等待绿灯亮。——先生，谢谢你的建议。crossing the road表示横穿马路，故答案选C。7. C。本题意为：——我们完成这座桥还应该注意些什么？——我想应该注意天气的变化。本题考查动词不定式，pay attention to意为“注意”。to是介词，所以后面接名词以及动名词，但本题题空中，应该表示目的，所以选动词不定式，答案为C。8. B。本题意为：——Tom，为什么你这么匆忙？——Oh，我的自行车坏了，我要去修一下。have sth. done意为“使某事、某物被……”，故答案选B。    9. B。句意为：世界自然基金会正在努力去拯救濒危动物。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。    10. D。句意：Sarah，跑了这么长时间的步，你最好喝些水。run跑步；runs第三人称单数形式；to run动词不定式；这里是介词after+动名词形式，故选D。    11. A。句意为：在动物园，这个标志被用来警告游客远离狮子。be used to do sth．表示“被用来做某事”，为固定用法，故选A。12. A。spend+时间+(in) doing sth．意为“做某事花费多少时间”，故选A。13. B。句意：我的朋友邀请我参加艺术俱乐部，我愉快地接受了。join动词原形；to join动词不定式；joined 动词过去式；joining动名词形式。invite sb. to do sth. 意为“邀请某人做某事”，结合句意及结构，故答案为B项。14. A。句意：马丁如此忙于帮助老人，以至于他放弃了他的兼职工作。be busy doing sth.意为“忙于做某事”。结合所给选项的形式，答案为A项。15. B。句意: 交通标志警示人们不要酒后驾车。warn sb. to do sth意为“警告某人干某事”；warn sb. not to do sth意为“警告某人不要干某事”。【用法讲解】考试要求：非谓语动词中考考查的重点有：1. it 作形式主语、宾语的用法；2. 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；3. 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用；4. 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带to；5. 有些动词既可以接不定式也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但是表达的意思不同。1. 动词不定式（1）动词不定式的构成：    不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。（2）动词不定式的句法功能：功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us. ＝It is not easy for us to speak English．讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room every day．＝To clean the room every day is my work．我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语。宾语—What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动?—He likes to play basketball．他喜欢打篮球。只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time．我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。定语Have you got anything to say?你有要说的吗?不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语I’m sorry to trouble you．(表原因)很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English．(表目的)我去图书馆学英语了。不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1)不定式作主语    动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It + be + adj. +(for/of sb. )+动词不定式。如：    To learn English well is useful．→ It is useful to learn English well．    学好英语很有用。    It’s important for us to protect the environment．保护环境对我们来说很重要。    注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：    It’s very kind of you to help me．你帮助我真是太好啦。    It’s very clever of you to do like that．你那样做真是太聪明啦! 2)不定式作宾语    ①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如：Would you like to see a film this evening?    你今晚想去看电影吗?    ②在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。如：I find it easy to read English every day．我发现每天读英语很容易。    ③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式    why not do...，why don’t you do...，had better(not) do...，would rather do，could/would/will you please(not) do...    如：I would rather stay in the room．我宁愿待在房间里。 3)不定式作宾语补足语    不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。   如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio．露西让他关小收音机。        My mother encourages me to learn Japanese．我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)，但变被动语态时，必须加上to。 如：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss．    老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。 4)不定式作定语    ①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。    ②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如：There is nothing to worry about．没有什么可担心的。  5)不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do．    老师正告诉学生们做什么。    He didn’t know where to go．    他不知道去哪里。(where to go＝where he should go)2. 动名词（1）动名词构成：一般由“动词原形 + -ing”构成。（2）动名词的句法功能：功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health．吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语动词宾语I like playing basketball very much．我非常喜欢打篮球。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。介词宾语Stamps are used for sending letters．邮票是被用来寄信的。表语His hobby is collecting stamps．＝Collecting stamps is his hobby．他的爱好是集邮。多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。定语She is in the reading room．她在阅览室里。We should improve our teaching methods．我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。 注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的有：finish，enjoy，mind，miss，be worth，be busy，practice，have fun，have trouble/problem(in)，spend...(in)，feel like，be used to(习惯于)，give up，keep on，consider，suggest，can’t help可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词：    完成实践值得忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy)    继续习惯别放弃(keep on，be used to，give up)    考虑建议不禁想(consider，suggest，can’t help，feel like)    喜欢思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)3. 分词（1） 分词的构成：分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词的基本形式由“动词+-ing”构成；过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。（2）分词的句法功能：功能例句说明定语Do you know the girl standing under the tree?你认识站在树下面的那位女孩吗?Please hand in your written exercises．请交上你们的笔试练习。现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。状语The students went out of the classroom，talking and laughing．学生们谈笑着走出了教室。Seen from the hill，our school looks more beautiful．从小山上看，我们学校显得更美丽了。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。表语The situation is encouraging．形势令人鼓舞。The boy is too frightened to move．这个男孩太害怕了，以至于不能动了。现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态。补足语Don’t keep us waiting for a long time．不要让我们等得太久。I heard him singing in the classroom．我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢。He’ll have his hair cut after school．放学后他要去理发。现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系)；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)。