所属成套资源:【精讲精练】最新英语仁爱版新中考考点梳理
2022-2023 英语仁爱版新中考精讲精练 考点03代词
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这是一份2022-2023 英语仁爱版新中考精讲精练 考点03代词,文件包含2022-2023英语仁爱版新中考精讲精练考点03代词解析版docx、2022-2023英语仁爱版新中考精讲精练考点03代词原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共29页, 欢迎下载使用。
考点03代词考点总结考点01人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,考点02 人称代词作主语时,用主格形式;作宾语时,用宾格形式。They are talking.(作主语)他们正在谈话。Are you going to make friends with them?(作宾语)你打算和他们交朋友吗?考点03 人称代词的主格和宾格都可作表语。在口语中,多用宾格。---Who is it?---It’s me.-谁呀?-我。考点04 在比较状语从句中,than后面的主格人称可用宾格代替。特别是当其后有all作同位语时。Our English teacher knows more words than us all.我们英语老师知道的单词比我们都多。My mother is taller than me.我母亲比我高。考点05 两个或多个人称代词并列使用时,单数代词的人称顺序是:第二人称→第三人称→第一人称;复数代词的人称顺序是第一人称→第二人称→第三人称。You, Tom and I all passed the exam.你,汤姆和我都通过了考试。We and they are late again.我们和他们又迟到了。注意下面情况下第一人称需放在前面:1)在承认错误,承担责任时;It was I and Marry that made him angry.是我和玛丽使他生气了。2)在长辈对晚辈,长官对下属说话时,如长官为第一人称;I and you try to help the poor girl.我和你来努力帮助这个可怜的女孩。3)并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时;4)当其它人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。考点06 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词。分为两种。即:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。Is this your book?=Is this yours?这是你的书吗?考点07 形容词性物主代词有:my, your, his, her, its, our, your和their。考点08 名词性物主代词有:mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs。考点09 形容词性物主代词只能作定语。Where is your bike?你的自行车在哪里?考点10 名词性物主代词可以在句中充当:1)主语This is your raincoat. Mine is green.这是你的雨衣。我的是绿色的。2)宾语I lost my ruler. May I use yours?我丢了尺子。我可以用你的吗?3)表语---Whose answer is this?---It’s mine.-这是谁的答案。-我的。考点11 在英语中物主代词一般不省略。在汉语中, “我的”,“你的”这类词有时可以省略。Finish your homework as quickly as possible.请尽快完成作业。考点12 反身代词是表示或强调自身的代词,有人称和数的区别。第一人称反身代词是myself,其复数是ourselves;第二人称反身代词是yourself,其复数是yourselves;第三人称反身代词是himself, herself和itself,其复数是themselves。考点13 反身代词可以用作宾语。We should try to look after ourselves.我们应努力照顾自己。Please help yourself to some coffee.请随便喝点咖啡。You’d better learn it by yourself.你最好自学。考点14 反身代词可以用作表语。The poor boy was myself.这个可怜的男孩就是我自己。I am not quite myself these days.这些天我身体不舒服。考点15 反身代词可以用作同位语。She herself found the way home.(作主语同位语)她自己找到了回家的路。You should ask the manager himself for permission.(作宾语同位语)你应该征得经理本人的允许。考点16 反身代词有时也用作主语。但不能用作定语。Both my sister and myself passed the exam.我姐姐和我都通过了考试。考点17反身代词常用于某些固定短语中。如:1) by oneself独自一人;独立地;自动地He solved all the problems by himself.他自己解决了所有问题。2) come to oneself苏醒过来考点18 相互代词是表示相互关系的代词。相互代词只有两个词组。即:each other和one another。相互代词each other和one another的用法基本相同。表示两者之间的相互关系时多用each other;表示三者及其以上之间关系时多用one another。My father and I make friends with each other.我父亲和我彼此成了朋友。The workers talked with one another.工人们相互谈论。We haven’t seen each other for a long time.我们好久没有见面了。考点19 相互代词的所有格形式为:each other’s和one another’s。We should answer each other’s questions.我们应该回答彼此的问题。They looked at each other’s face.他们看着彼此的脸。考点20 指示代词是指代上下文出现的人或事物的代词。它有单数和复数之分。单数的指示代词有:this(这个),that(那个),such(这),same(同样的人或事)。它们的复数分别是:these(这些),those(那些),such(这些),same(同样的人或事)。考点21 指示代词在句中可以起名词的作用,充当主语、宾语或表语;它还可以起形容词的作用,在句中充当定语。That was what I said.(That作主语)那就是我说的。You’d better do it like that.(that作介词宾语)你最好像那样做。My idea is this.(this充当表语)我的主意是这个。We look the same.(the same作表语)我们看上去一样。Do you like this skirt?(this作定语)你喜欢这个裙子吗?考点22 this和these指距离较近的人或事物。that和those用于指较远的人或事物。This is a tape recorder and that is a CD player.这是一台录音机,那是一台CD播放器。考点23 that可指上文提到的事情;this可指下文要说的事情。在强调刚刚谈到时,this也可指上文提到的事情。He lost his key. That is bad news.(That指代上文)。他丢了钥匙。那是坏消息。Now hear this. You have five days off.(this指代下文)现在大家注意听着。你们放假五天。I worked very hard. This made me win the game.(this指代刚刚提到的上文)我非常努力,这使得我获得了比赛的胜利。考点24 指示代词such用作定语时,用于下列句型:1)such+不定冠词+单数可数名词2)such+不可数名词/复数可数名词3)such…as/that…(此句型中as是关系代词用于引导定语从句;that是连词,用于引导状语从句)She is such a clever girl.她是一个如此聪明的女孩。Such bad news made us cry.如此的坏消息使我们哭了。This is such a difficult problem as no one can solve.(as用于引导定语从句)这个问题是一个没人能解决的难题。This is such a difficult problem that no one can solve it.(that用于引导状语从句)这个问题如此难以至于没人能解决。考点25 有时it也可用作指示代词,常用于指人。---Who is it?---It’s me.—谁呀?-我。Go and see who it is.去看看是谁。考点26 疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词,包括:who, whom, whose, what和which。 疑问代词who, whom, whose只能指人;what和which既可指人也可指物。疑问代词既可指单数也可指复数。who是主格;whom是宾格;whose是所有格。who和whom只具有名词的性质;whose, what和which都既有名词性质也有形容词性质。What are they doing?他们正在干什么?What time is it now?现在几点了?Which book do you like?你喜欢哪一本书?Whose is this shirt? (whose作表语)=Whose shirt is this?(whose作定语)这是谁的衬衣?考点27 who和what都用于指人时的区别是:who多指姓名、关系等;what多指职业、地位等。---Who is she?---She is Lily.-她是谁?-她是莉莉。---What is she?---She is a doctor.-她是干什么的?-她是一名医生。考点28 what和which的区别是:what用于无选择范围的情况;which用于有一定选择范围的情况。What music do you like?(没有限定范围)你喜欢什么样的音乐?Which music do you like, pop music or rock music?(有一定的限定范围)你喜欢哪一样音乐,是流行音乐还是摇滚音乐?考点29 在口语中,主格代词who常代替宾格代词whom。但是作介词宾语时,若介词位于疑问词之前,则只能用whom。Whom/Who are you looking for?你在寻找谁?With whom is your father talking?你父亲在和谁谈话?考点30 不定代词用于代替任何不特定名词或形容词。不定代词有:all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以及something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone等。 大多数不定代词可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。但是none和含有some, any, no, every的合成不定代词只能作主语,宾语和表语。而every和no只能用作定语。考点31 all指三者及其以上“都”。在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。All of the workers are working.(all作主语)所有的工人都在工作。It’s hard to please all.(all作宾语)众口难调。All roads lead to Rome.(All作定语)条条大路通罗马。They all went to New York.(all作同位语)他们都去了纽约。注意:当all作同位语时,用于系动词之后,实义代词之前。考点32 both指“两者都…”。在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。Both are right.(Both作主语)两人都对了。My wife and I are both teachers.(both作同位语)我和我妻子都是教师。注意:当both作同位语时,用于系动词之后,实义代词之前。考点33 neither指两者都不;either指两者间的任何一个。它们可以在句中作主语、宾语和定语。Neither is hard.(Neither作主语)两个都不难。You can choose either.(either作宾语)你可以在两个中挑选一个。Neither bottle is full.(Neither作定语)两个瓶子都不是满的。考点34 every指三者及其以上的每一个。它在句中只能作定语。Every lion here was killed.这里的每只狮子都被杀死了。考点35 each指两者中的每一个。在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。Each is working hard.(Each作主语)每人都很用功。The girl gives a newspaper each.(each作宾语)这个女孩给每个人一份报纸。Each tiger ran away.(Each作定语)每只老虎都跑开了。We each drink a cup of coffee.(each作同位语)我们每人喝了一杯咖啡。考点36 one可用作代词,代替可数名词。既可指人,也可指物。在句中可以作主语、和宾语。one的复数形式是ones,所有格形式是one’s,反身代词形式是oneself。One may agree with me.(One作主语)也许会有人同意我。Will you buy a cheap one?(one作宾语)你会买一个便宜的吗?考点37 other可作代词,也可作形容词。在句中作主语、宾语和定语。other的复数形式是others。Can you see other trees?你能看到其它的树木吗?Some boys are talking while others are doing their homework.有的男孩在谈话,有的在做作业。考点38 other前加the表示“剩余的全部”。the other指“两者中的另一个”。the others指众多中的剩余全部。There are two boys. One is tall. The other is short.这里有两个男孩。一个个子高。另一个个子矮。Look at the five apples. Two apples are green. The others are red.看这五个苹果。两个是绿色的。其余全部是红色的。考点39 another可用作名词和形容词,意为“另一个”,在句中充当主语、宾语和定语。Would you like another cup of tea?(another作定语)再来一杯茶吗?Please give me another .(another作宾语)请再给我一个。Another is an old man.(another作主语)另一个是一位老人。考点40 none 只能起名词作用,可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。None helped me.(None作主语)没人帮助我。There are many TV sets. But I bought none.(none作宾语)这里有许多电视机。但是我一台也没有买。That’s none of your business.(none作表语)那与你不相干。We none of us said anything.(none作同位语)我们谁也没说啥。考点41 no只能起形容词的作用,在句中作定语。No problem.没问题。There’s no reason.没原因。No smoking.禁止吸烟。考点42 some和any起名词和形容词的作用,可以指人也可指物。这两个词多作定语,可以修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。考点43 some多用于肯定句中;any多用于疑问句,否定句或条件句中。some有时也可用于疑问句中,表示希望得到肯定的回答或表示提议或请求。any有时也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何”。Are there any birds in the picture?图片中有鸟吗?Would you like some oranges?你想要些桔子吗?You can choose any apple.你可以选择任何苹果。考点44 many, much, few, little, a few 和a little的区别:many,much都意为"许多", many + 可数名词,much + 不可数名词。(a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词。a few / a little 的意思较肯定,含义为“还有一点”;few / little 有否定的含义,是“没有多少了”的意思。另外请注意下列固定搭配:only a few (=few)not a few (=many)quite a few (=many)many a (=many)Many students were here. =Many a student was here. 许多学生在这里。考点45 由“some, any,no或every后加thing, one或body”构成的复合代词在句中作主语,宾语和表语。Someone is sleeping there. (Someone作主语)有人正在那里睡觉。Is there anything wrong? (anything作表语)有什么毛病吗?They need nothing now. (nothing作宾语)他们现在什么也不需要。考点46 复合不定代词被定语修饰时,定语需要后置。There’s nothing difficult.没有什么难的。考点47 something与anything的区别以及somebody和anybody的区别与some和any的区别相同。Does anybody surprise you?有人让你吃惊吗?Would you like something to eat?你想吃点东西吗?考点48 all,both和every等表示全肯定的词和否定词(not或no等)连用时表示部分否定。即:有的是……,有的不是……。Not all flowers are red.并非所有的花朵都是红色的。(有的是红色的,有的花朵不是红色的)考点49 every和each的区别:every是形容词,侧重于“整体”,指三者及其以上;each是不定代词,侧重于“个体”,用于两者或三者及其以上。I went to see my mother every week.我每周去看我母亲。Each student has his own idea.每个学生都有他自己的主意。考点50 one, that和it的区别:one和that指代同名异物。即:同一类事物。one指代可数的同类事物;that指代不可数的同类事物。it指代同名同物。即:同一个事物。I lost my dictionary. I should buy one.我丢失了词典。我应该买一个。He lost his radio. But he found it later.他丢失了收音机,但是后来找到了。考点51 none和no one的区别:1)none既可指人也可指物;而no one只能指人。2)none后可与of连用;而no one后面不能与of连用。None of them is laughing.=No one is laughing.没人在笑。考点52 none和nothing的区别:none强调数量,可用于回答How many的提问;nothing强调内容,可用于回答what的提问。---How many dogs are there?---None.-那里有多少狗?-一个也没有。---What is in your hand?---Nothing.-你的手里是什么?-什么也没有。考点53 everyone, anyone和every one, any one的区别:1)everyone和everybody只能指人;而every one和any one既能指人也能指物。2)everyone和anyone后不能与of连用;而every one和 any one后可以与of连用。Everyone here is very happy.这里的每一个人都很高兴。Every one of us is very happy.我们每一个人都很高兴。考点演练 一、单项选择1.— Why don’t we buy something made in China for our friends?— That’s a good idea. ________ will be very happy.A.You B.She C.They2.It’s very nice ________ you to get me two tickets ________ the World Cup.A.for; of B.of; for C.to; for D.for; to3.The doctor thought ___________ would be great for her to have a vacation.A.it B.that C.one D.this4.—Can I have some more ice cream, Mum?—Sorry. There is ________ left in the fridge.A.some B.none C.no one D.anything5.—There are four bedrooms in the house, ________ with its own shower.—That’s what I want. You know I’ve got a few kids.A.either B.each C.neither D.none6.It is wise ________ you to make up your mind ________ up smoking.A.for;giving B.for;to give C.of;giving D.of;to give7.She takes _______ mother’s place to cook in the kitchen.A.he B.him C.her D.she8.—Lucy, go and clean the floor.—Why? ________?A.I B.myself C.me D.my9.—I’m unhappy with my weight these days. —Don’t worry.This kind of low-calory food makes________easier to lose weight.A.that B.this C.it D.them10.Love your parents ________ they are alive. Don’t wait until it is too late.A.because B.before C.while D.unless11.The key to success is to start where you are, not when things get better, not if things were different, nor if you had what ________ else has.A.something B.anything C.somebody D.anybody12.—Sir, would you like tea or coffee?—_________, thanks. I prefer some apple juice.A.Both B.None C.Either D.Neither13.She wanted to borrow the book called Red and Black from the library. But she found there was ________ left. She had to wait.A.no one B.none C.nothing D.not anything14.I would like to have some juice, but there is ________ left.A.none B.something C.no one15.The boy found ________ easy to fly kites.A.that B.it C.this D.it’s
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