2022-2023 英语外研版新中考精讲精练 考点14定语从句
展开考点14定语从句
考点总结
考点01 在英语中用来修饰一个词(名词或代词)的句子叫定语从句。定语从句分为两种,即:限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句是句子中不可缺少的部分,主句和从句不用逗号分开;非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明,没有从句不影响主句的完整,一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。被定语从句修饰限定的名词或代词叫先行词。先行词通常位于定语从句的前面。
考点02 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词位于先行词和定语从句之间,起到桥梁的作用。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语;关系副词在定语从句作状语。关系词有三大作用: 1)代替先行词 2)引导定语从句 3)在定语从句中充当成分。
This plane which was designed by me attracted a lot of people.
我发明的这个飞机吸引了许多人。
考点03 如果先行词是人,引导定语从句的关系代词用that, whom 或who。如果先行词是物,引导定语从句的关系代词用which或that。
The boy who is laughing there is my son.
这个在那里笑的男孩是我儿子。
The singer that is answering the audience’s questions is Zhang Huimei.
正在回答听众问题的歌手是张惠妹。
This dictionary which my father bought me for my birthday is very useful.
我父亲作为礼物给我买的这个词典很有用。
真题演练
一.选择题(共10小题)
1.(2021•东营)Steve Jobs is one of the persons founded Apple Computer Company.His death marked the end of an era (时代).( )
A.who B.whom C.which D./
【分析】史蒂夫•乔布斯是创办苹果电脑公司的成员之一.他的死标志着一个时代的结束.
【解答】答案:A who关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whom关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作宾语;which 关系代词,指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;根据 one of the persons founded Apple Computer Company.本句中先行词persons,是定语从句的主语,指人,故选用who,故选:A.
2.(2021•平阳县模拟)Ben plans to visit this weekend. He can't wait to enjoy the famous paintings .( )
A.a park that has many kinds of flowers
B.her grandfather who lives in a village
C.a museum that is full of great art works
D.Mr. Green who is going back to the US
【分析】Ben计划这个周末去参观一个充满伟大艺术作品的博物馆。他迫不及待地想要欣赏这些名画。
【解答】根据下句"He can't wait to enjoy the famous paintings"可知,Ben应该去参观跟画有关的话题,结合选项可知,只有C项中提到art works,意为"艺术作品",所以正确选择为C。
故选:C。
3.(2020•鹿城区一模)My cousin likes to read magazines .He can get some ideas about which places to travel.( )
A.that talk about popular cartoons
B.that explain science experiments
C.which tell stories of famous people
D.which introduce wonders of the world
【分析】我表弟喜欢看介绍世界奇观的杂志.
【解答】先行词magazines,指代物,关系代词可用that或which,在定语从句中充当主语,指代magazines,结合句意:我表弟喜欢看介绍世界奇观的杂志.根据后面He can get some ideas about which places to travel.可知:他会获得一些去哪里旅行的建议.
故选:D.
4.(2021•临沂模拟)The traffic police are searching for the people ______ joined in the fighting.( )
A.whom B./ C.who D.which
【分析】交警正在寻找参与打架的人.
【解答】答案:C.结合句意"交警正在寻找参与打架的人"可知___joined in the fighting在句子中作定语,是定语从句,修饰先行词people,当先行词是人的时候,引导定语从句的引导词用who或that,who在句子中做主语,whom先行词是人,在句中做宾语,本题中横线后是谓语动词,在这做的是主语.故选C.
5.(2021•东莞市模拟)Here are the photos in Beijing.( )
A.who are taken B.that took
C.which I was taken D.that were taken
【分析】这些照片是我在北京照的.
【解答】答案:D
who关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;that 关系代词,指人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语.which 关系代词,指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;根据Here are the photos in Beijing.可知先行词为photos,是物,所以关系代词可以是that或者which.photos是复数,从句中的谓语动词,应该与先行词保持一致,应该用复数,故选:D.
6.(2021•东莞市)The first thing _____ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter.( )
A.which B.that C.why D.who
【分析】我哥哥今天下午要做的第一件事,就是写一封信.
【解答】答案:B 在含有定语从句的复合句中,如果先行词被序数词修饰时,关系代词只能用that.根据The first thing _____ my brother is going to do this afternoon is…可知这是一个含有定语从句的复合句,先行词是thing,first是序数词,可知先行词被序数词修饰,故选:B.
7.(2021•东营区校级一模)Mr.Wang with his visitors _____from Qingdao _____playing his first visit here.( )
A.who come; is B.that are; are
C.who come; are D.who comes; is
【分析】王老师和来自青岛的游客是第一次来这里参观.
【解答】根据先行词是visitors ,所以定语从句中的谓语动词要用复数,又根据with his visitors 是介词短语修饰Mr.Wang ,所以句子的主语还是Mr.Wang ,是第三人称单数,所以主句的谓语动词要用单数,因此可知这句话的意思是"王老师和来自青岛的游客是第一次来这里参观."
故选:A.
8.(2021•濠江区模拟)﹣Is there anything _____to you here? ﹣ No, nothing.( )
A.that belong B.which belong
C.that belongs D.which belongs
【分析】这里有什么属于你的吗?﹣不,什么都没有.
【解答】考查定语从句,句子中anything为先行词,关系代词要用that,不能用which,排除答案B和D,anything作主语时,动词要三单形式,故选:C.
9.(2021•东莞市)Running man is a very relaxing TV program_______is hot among the young people.( )
A.what B.which C.who D.whom
【分析】奔跑吧兄弟是一档在青年人中很火的非常轻松的电视节目.
【解答】定语从句中先行词为物,关系代词用that或which.根据 a very relaxing TV program可知,先行词是物,故选B.
10.(2021•永嘉县一模)My aunt prefers to live in her new house __. There she can feed chickens and enjoy wild flowers.( )
A.that lies in the centre of a city
B.that lies at the foot of a small hill
C.which is in a very tall building
D.which was built ten years ago
【分析】我姑姑更喜欢住在一座小山脚下的新房子里,在那里她能养鸡,也能欣赏野花.
【解答】从There she can feed chickens and enjoy wild flowers可以推断她喜欢的地方应该是小山脚下,排除ACD;这里先行词house是物,用that引导定语从句.
故选:B。
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