牛津译林版8B Unit2 知识点合集 十分详细，并配有课后练习，可直接打印使用

8B unit2 Travelling一.    词汇拓展1. beautiful adj. →beauty(n.) 美人，美丽2. sail v. →sailing(n.) 帆船运动3. fly v. →flight(n.) 航班 4. die v. →dead (adj.) 死的5. direct adj. →directly(adv.)6. indoor adj. →outdoor(反义词) 二.重点短语1 到…作一次旅行go on a trip to…2 一定很有趣must be great fun3 带…出去几天take …out for a few days4 把…带在身边bring sth with sb5 快点；加油come on6 旅游景点tourist attractions7 …的象征a symbol of…8 去滑雪go skiing9 去远足go hiking10 看美丽的风景see the beautiful view11 拍照take photos12 欢迎到…welcome to…13 写信给…write to sb14 玩得很高兴have a fantastic time15 整天the whole day16 乘地铁by underground17 在入口处at the entrance18 高速运行move at high speed19 一家快餐店a fast food restaurant20 对…感兴趣be interested in21 不停地拍照can’t stop taking photos22 迪斯尼人物的游行a parade of Disney characters23 下午晚些时候later in the afternoon24 一天中最精彩的部分the best part of the day25 向…挥手致意wave to …26 一路上all the way27 像魔术一样be like magic28 精彩的狮王表演the great ‘Lion King’ show29 买一些纪念品buy some souvenirs30 在…结束时at the end of…31 观看烟火watch fireworks32 在烟火映衬下看起来很闪亮look shiny and beautiful under the fireworks33 一共，总计in all34 一次刺激的旅行an exciting trip35 把某物给某人看show sth to sb36 一队人a line of people37 排队等候wait in line38 一次有意义的经历a meaningful experience39 一次真得令人高兴的假日a really delightful holiday40 多姿多彩的服饰colourful costumes41 …一名成员a member of…42 到深圳旅游travel to Shengzhen43 全年all year around44 在即将到来的假日in the coming holiday45 依次/轮流做某事take turns to do sth46 计划出国旅游plan to travel abroad47 希望做某事hope to do sth48 希望某人做某事wish sb to do sth49 飞往某地fly to …50 新鲜的空气fresh air51 宜人的天气pleasant weather52 名胜古迹places of interest53 我们去香港旅游的日子the day of our trip to Hongkong54 三个半小时three and a half hours= three hours and a half55 鸟瞰香港的景色have a bird’s-eye view of Hongkong56 一座高楼耸立、夜晚灯光闪烁的现代化城市a modern city of tall buildings with lights shining in the evening57 文化中心cultural centre三.重点句子1. I’ve been there many times.             2.Let me take you out for a few days.3.I don’t think it’ll be a holiday for me.      4.I couldn’t stop taking photos with them.5.It must be fun.     6.It’s a famous theme park and includes four different parks.7The children clapped and screamed with joy when they saw their favorite characters.8.The line of people outside Space Mountain was endless.9.I can check it for you when I talk with my dad.10.The weather in Hong Kong was quite different from  that in Beijing.11.It was really wonderful to have a bird’s-eye view of Hong Kong--- a modern city of tall buildings with lights shining in the evening.12.The castle looked shiny and beautiful under the fireworks.13.The performers waved to people while they marched across the park, singing and dancing all the way.14.We were screaming and laughing through the whole ride.15.My dad bought some stationery for my cousin.16.They have never been to Hong Kong.17.Kitty has gone to Hong Kong with her family.18.My cousin has been in Beijing for a month.19.Kitty has had her purse for a year.20.The lamb has been dead for quite some time.21.My parents got married fifteen years ago.22. They have been married for more than fifteen years.23.I have to return it because I have kept it for too long.24.The best part of the day was when the elephants took bananas from the visitors.四.词句解析1.speed n. 速度[点拨] at a speed of… 以……的速度at top speed 以最高速Our speed averaged out at 50 km an hour. 我们的平均速度是每小时50公里。He drove at a speed of sixty miles per hour. 他以每小时60英里的速度开车。[拓展] speed vt.& vi. 急行，加速，超速speed up 加速　slow down 减速We'd better speed up if we want to get there on time. 如果我们想准时到达那里，我们最好加快速度。2.except, besides和except for (1)except表示“除去，不包括”，指“从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体中除去一部分”，表示递减的概念，含义是否定的。The company is open every day except Sundays. 除了周日，这家公司每天都营业。 You may drop in at any time except at noon. 除了中午，你任何时候来都可以。(2)besides表示“除了……之外，还有……”，指“在整体中加入一部分”，表示递加的概念，含义是肯定的。We all passed the exam besides Tom. 除了汤姆外，我们也都及格了。(3)except for也表示“除……以外”，表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定，起部分修正主要意思的作用。 Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes. 除了几处语法错误外，你的作文写得很好。3.have/has been to, have/has gone to和have/has been in(1)have/has been to表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”。They have been to Beijing twice. 他们去过北京两次了。(2)have/has gone to表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”，指可能在去的路上，可能已在某地，也可能在回来的路上。He has gone to Beijing. He will be back in two months. 他去北京了，两个月后回来。(3)have/has been in 表示“在某地”。He has been in Beijing for three weeks. 他已经在北京三周了。4.die, dead, death和dying(1)die是动词， 意为“死，死亡”，是短暂性动词， 不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。My grandpa died two years ago. 我爷爷两年前去世了。The old man died of cancer. 那位老人死于癌症。(2)dead是形容词， 意为“死了的，无生命的”，表示状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。The tree has been dead for ten years. 那棵树死了有十年了。(3)death是名词，意为“死亡，去世”。The memorial hall was built one year after his death.  他去世一年后，那座纪念馆建成了。(4)dying 是die的现在分词形式，用作形容词，意为“垂死的，即将死去的”。The poor dog had no food. It was dying. 那条可怜的狗没有食物，奄奄一息了。5.for example和such as (1)for example表示“例如”，一般只以同类人或事物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。 Ball games, for example, have spread around the world. 例如，球类运动已经在世界各地传播开了。(2)such as也表示“例如”，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。 English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia and Canada. 许多国家都讲英语，例如澳大利亚和加拿大。6.I don't think it'll be a holiday for me. 我认为这对于我来说将不是假期。[点拨] 句型“I don't think＋宾语从句”是含有否定转移的主从复合句，意为“我认为……不……”。 该句型的主语必须是第一人称；形式上否定主句，翻译时否定从句。I don't think it's right to make such a hasty decision. 我认为如此仓促地作出决定是不正确的。[拓展] (1)该句型改为反意疑问句时，必须以宾语从句为准进行变化，而且宾语从句要视为否定句，即把主句的don't所表示的否定拉回到宾语从句中来，采取“前否后肯”的规则变化。I don't think you are right, are you? 我认为你是不对的，不是吗？(2)有类似用法的动词还有believe, suppose, expect等。I don't suppose they will say sorry to her, will they? 我认为他们不会对她说对不起，是吧？ 7.I ran after them and couldn't stop taking photos. 我追赶他们，忍不住一直拍照。[点拨] (1)can't stop doing sth 意为“忍不住做某事”。类似结构有can't help doing sth，意为“情不自禁地做某事”。The mother couldn't stop crying when her son was saved.当她的儿子被救时，妈妈忍不住哭了。(2)take photos 拍照片；　take a photo/photos of… 拍……的照片。Some students are taking photos of the river.一些学生正在拍那条河流的照片．五.语法现在完成时常见两种句型：①主语＋have / has been＋for短语 ②It is＋一段时间＋ since从句 例如：He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了。延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词 表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。终止性动词 也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。4、延续性动词的用法特征1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：-When did you get to know Jack?　-Two years ago.　-Then you've known each other for more than two years.　-That's right.5、终止性动词的用法特征1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：The train has arrived.火车到了。Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗？2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：(1)他死了三年了。   误：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years.   正：He died three years ago.正：It is three years since he died.       正：Three years has passed since he died.(2)他来这儿五天了。  误：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.      　正：He came here five days ago.正：It is five days since he came here.   正：Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法： (1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。 (2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。 (3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。 (4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：　He hasn't left here since 1986.　I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型，意为"直到……才……"。如：You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词)Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如：误：How long have you come here?    正：How long have you been here?正：When did you come here?即时自测Ⅰ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1. The plane has been on ________ (fly) for half an hour.2. The dog is found ________ (die) in the doorway of a fruit shop.3. Can you feel the ________ (beautiful) of the old parks in Beijing?4. Young people usually think ________ (travel) is exciting.5. Could you tell me the answer ________ (direct)?Ⅱ.单项选择(　　)1. John has been away ________ for half a month. He'll be  back in ten days. A．on duty   B．on business C．on show   D．on watch(　　)2. ________ a basketball match between our school and No.  1 middle school next Sunday. A．There may have  B．It may be C．There may be  D．It has (　　)3. —Hello, could I speak to Sam? —Sorry, he ________ Australia. A．has been to  B．has been in C．has gone to  D．has been at(　　)4. —How long have your family lived in the new flat, Jill? —________ 2011. A．Before   B．In C．After   D．Since(　　)5. The teacher always reads a story for the children  ________ a day. A．in the end  B．at the end of C．in the end of D．by the end of