【中考一轮专题复习】2023年中考英语专题复习+题型特训——05 数词和冠词（含答案）

这是一份【中考一轮专题复习】2023年中考英语专题复习+题型特训——05 数词和冠词（含答案），共13页。试卷主要包含了动词及其分类，系动词的分类与用法，助动词的分类与用法，情态动词的用法，非谓语动词及其应用，动词短语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考点一、动词及其分类
动词主要功能是充当谓语，用来表示主语做什么（即行为动词），或表示主语是什么或怎么样（即状态动词）的词，例如：
The by runs fast.（这个男孩跑得快。）runs表示主语的行为
He is a by.（他是个男孩。）is与后面的表语a by表示主语的状态
动词的分类
动词
系动词
情态动词
助动词
行为动词/实义动词
系动词+表语
情态动+动词原形
助动词+动词原形
独立充当谓语
充当谓语
动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类，即连系动词、情态动词、助动词和行为动词（也称实义动词）。
2．动词的基本形式
⊙练习
( )1.(2022•广州，语法选择1)After mnths f ， I finally had enugh mney t get ne.
A．saveB．saves
C．savedD．saving
( )2.(2022•广州，语法选择11)Let's hurry up and the fish ut f the water, Dad!
A．get B．gets
C．gtD．getting
( )3.The crn better than befre because we used the machine t help us.
A．grewB．grws
C．grwingD．grw
考点二、系动词的分类与用法
系动词
be动词
“保持”“变化”
感官动词
be+adv.+adj“如何是”
becme,seem,turn,grw,get,keep,stay
lk,sund,taste,smell,feel
常接形容词作表语
主谓一致
连系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词，它虽有词义，但不完整，所以不能单独作谓语，必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语。连系动词可具体分为三类：
1）表示“是”的动词be。它在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式。如：
He was a sldier tw years ag.（两年前他是个士兵。）
We are Chinese.（我们是中国人。）
2）表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词，如becme, get, grw, turn, 都解释为“变”、“变得”，例如：
She became a cllege student.（她成了一名大学生。）
He feels sick. His face turns white.（他感到不舒服，他的脸色变苍白了。）
3）表示“感觉”的词，如lk（看起来），smell（闻起来），sund（听起来）等，例如：
The stry sunds interesting.（这个故事听起来很有趣。）
The flwers smell sweet.（这些花闻起来很香。）
考点三、助动词的分类与用法
这类词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能与主要动词一起构成谓语，表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问，例如：
He des nt speak English well.（他英语讲得不好。）句中的des是助动词，既表示一般现在时，又与nt一起构成否定形式。
Did he have any milk and bread fr his breakfast ?（他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗？）句中的did是助动词，既表示一般过去时，又和动词have一起构成疑问。
⊙练习
( )4.—Dad，what's fr dinner? It nice!
—I'm cking chicken sup.
A．tastesB．smells
C．lks D．feels
( )5.—Dinner is ready. Help yurself, please!
—Ww! It delicius.
A．tastesB．sunds
C．turns D．gets
( )6.The little girl has lunch in schl every day, ？
A．has sheB．hasn't she
C．des she D．desn't she
考点四、情态动词的用法
情态动词本身有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和实义动词或系动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词后接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化。
情态动词的常见用法
注：be able t，have t具有情态动词的某些特征，有时态的变化。
⊙练习
( )7.The bk be Mary's. We can see her name n it.
A．needB．must
C．can't D．needn't
( )8.—Alex, cme dwn t play ftball.
—I can't. Mm said I clean my bedrm befre ding anything else.
A．had tB．will
C．used tD．can
( )9.—Excuse me. I sit here?
—Yu'd better nt. It's the man's seat.
A．MustB．Need
C．Culd D．Shuld
考点五、非谓语动词及其应用
非谓语动词
作主语被视为单数
现在分词ding
过去分词dne
不定式t d
作主语
常被形式主语it代替
作主语
have sth. dne使被
判定:后有谓动
be ding“正在做”
作表语
be+t d “是做”
作宾语
be dne“被做”
被形式宾语it代替
作宾语
省t或不省
作宾补
要后置，省介否
作定语
表目的，原因
作状语
宾从省略式
疑问词+t d
考点六、动词短语
⊙练习
( )10.(2022•广东，完形填空42)They are all frm her garden and free fr her neighbrs t ．
A．lk atB．take away
C．give upD．thrw away
( )11.I have the habit f the unknwn wrds in the dictinary r n the Internet.
A．lking upB．lking fr
C．lking atD．lking after
12．凯特计划参加学校科学日活动。
Kate was planning t ______ ______ _______ the activities n the schl Science Day.
一、选择填空
1.The sup a little salty, s there is n need t add mre salt.
A．lksB．smells
C．sundsD．tastes
2.—Can we play games here?
—Better nt. If yu ， please g t the pen space there.
A．must B．can
C．mayD．will
3.The girl is really clever. She speak tw freign languages.
A．canB．mustn't C．can'tD．need
4.—The paper cutting is pretty lively. Wh made it?
—It be Amy. Nne f us except her is able t d it.
A．wuldB．need
C．mustD．can
5.—Xia Ming, what news are yu reading?
—Shenzhu ⅩⅣ with three astrnauts space n June 5th, 2022.
A．left frB．waited fr
C．asked frD．argued fr
6.My aunt ffered me a dictinary and I it happily.
A．acceptedB．invited
C．mixedD．grew
7.—D yu knw the spacewman Wang Yaping?
—Sure. She is called the mther wh the stars.
A．gave utB．put away
C．lked after D．reached fr
8.—Please these dnatins fr kids.
—OK, let me see. Perfect! Kids here are in great need f tys and bks.
A．check utB．cut dwn
C．sell utD．turn dwn
9.There__lts f peple at the restaurant when I gt there.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
10.Yu ____ eat the sup if yu dn’t like it.
A.shuldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.can’t
11.This sentence _______ right. Please write it dwn.
A.feels B.sunds C.tastes D.smells
12.My sister wants a new dress. She _________ it t the party.
A.wears B.has wrn C.wre D.is ging t wear
13.I didn’t hear yu because I ________ the news n the radi.
A.listen t B.am listening t C.listened t D.was listening t
14.I _______ my hmewrk, I guess I can’t jin yu.
A.dn’t finish B.didn’t finish C.haven’t finished D.wn’t finish
15.-Whse is the pencil bx?
-It ________ be Tm’s. Lk at his name n the cver!
A. canB. mayC. mustD. need
16. ________ a bk in the library, enter a key wrd int the cmputer.
A. T findB. FindC. T writeD. Write
17. The clthing stre ________ a sale. The clthes there are very cheap.
A. hasB. hadC. is havingD. was having
18. Miss Zhang, the mst beautiful teacher, ________ many flwers these days.
A. receivedB. will receive C. was receivingD. has received
19. Yur sweater lks smart. Where ________ yu ________ it?
A. d, get B. did, getC. will, getD. have, gt
20.We ften hear her after class.
A.sing B.t sing C.sings D.sang
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. Nancy ften ges______ (swim) with her friends in summer
2.I want ______ (g) t the shp.
3.The little girl likes ________ (play) basketball. She______ (play) n the playgrund nw.
4.The teacher _______ (g) t schl n ft every day.
5.Let's _________ (speak) English.
6.-_______ the man ________ (pen) the windw?
-N, he isn't. He is __________ (clse) the windw.
7. I _________ (lend) her sme CDs the day befre yesterday。
8. I'm srry ___________ (wake) yu up.
9.Wuld yu please___________(nt play) with the chalk?
10.Yu'd better________________(pass) this bk t her.
三、根据所给汉语或首字母提示写出下列句中所缺的名词
1 Lk! A little girl _______ (游泳) in the river(河).
2.I dn't have any pens. I think she ______ (有) sme.
3.Dn't _______ (读) yur bks. Please ________ (听) t me nw.
4.Can yu help me _________ (搬运) the bx?
5.Can I _________ (借) yur bike?
6.D yu like ________ (看电视)?
7. My parents are busy _________ (为……做准备) the visitrs.
8.I think yu'd better nt ________ (出去) alne at night.
9. D yu mind my _____ (听音乐)? ---Never mind.
10.I am afraid f _____(游泳), but Tm ften _______(教) me_____(游泳).
11.What abut ________ (坐) here ? OK , let me _________ (坐) here.
12.Tmrrw ________ (是) my birthday. I want _______ (举行) a birthday party . Wuld yu ________ (来) t my party?
13. He mustn't __________ (停放) his car here . ___________ (看) at the sign " NO parking.
14.Yu need _________ (穿戴) warm clthes in winter.
15.Wh ________(教) yu English last term?
四、词语运用
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整，每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
Can animals be made t wrk fr us ? Sme scientists __1__ that ne day animals __2__ be taught t d a number f simple jbs .They __3__ that in a film r n TV we may __4__ elephants, mnkeys ,dgs ,bears ,r ther animals ding a lt f things .If yu __5__ carefully , yu may find that thse animals are given smething t eat in return fr __6__ them. The scientists say that many different animals may be taught t d a number f simple jbs if they will get smething __7__.
Of curse, as we knw , dgs can be used t guard a huse ,and elephants can be used t d sme heavy jbs. And we can als teach animals __8__ in factries. Apes ,fr example have __9__ used in America t help make cars and scientists ___10__ that these mnkeys may ne day get in crps and even drive trains .
五、完形填空
Mrs. Green lives in the cuntry, and she ___1__ knw Lndn very well. One day, she ges t Lndn, but she 2 find her way. Just then, she 3 a man near the bus stp. “ I can ask him the way. ” she 4 . Then she ges ver t the man and asks，“ Excuse me, will yu please
5 me the way t King Street?” But the man desn’t say anything. He 6 Cuba. He desn’t 7 English. He cmes t Lndn fr a 8 . He takes ut a bk and 9 smething n it. Then he 10 it t Mrs. Green,“Srry, I can’t speak English.”
( )1. A. desB. desn’tC. dD. dn’t
( )2. A. mayB. may ntC. can’tD. can
( )3. A. lks atB. watchesC. seesD. lks
( )4. A. thinksB. t thinkC. is thinkingD. think
( )5. A.saidB. sayC. talkD. tell
( )6. A. amB. isC. isn’t D. are
( )7. A. speakB. speaksC. speakingD. spke
( )8. A. walkB. swimC. visitD. lk
( )9. A. writingB. writeC. writesD. wrte
( )10. A. shwsB. givesC. getsD. takes
参考答案：
练习 1-3 DAA 4-6 BAD 7-9 BAC 10-11 BA 12. take part in
一、1-5 DAACA 6-10 ADABD 10-15 BDDAC 16-20 ACDBA
二、1.swimming 2.t g 3. playing; is playing 4.ges 5. speak 6.Is penning; clsing 7. lend 8. t wake 9. nt play 10.pass
三、1.is swimming 2.has 3.read; listen 4.carry 5.brrw 6.watching TV 7.get ready fr 8.g ut 9.listenning t Music 10.swimming; teaches; t swim 11.sitting; sit 12.is; t have; cme 13. park;lk 14. wear/ t wear 15.teaches
四、1.think 2.may 3.say 4.see 5.watch 6.ding 7. t eat 8.t wrk 9.been 10.believe
五、1—5BCCAD 6—10BACCA
形式
变化规则
例子
动词原形
动词的基本形式
see, listen, eat, find, pick
第三人称单数
一般在词尾加-s
lk→lks, take→takes, give→gives
以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的词，在词尾加-es
wash→washes, fix→fixes, pass→passes
以辅音字母＋y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-es
cry→cries, try→tries, carry→carries
不规则变化
be→am/is/are, have→has
现在分词
一般情况，在词尾加-ing
g→ging, help→helping
以不发音的e结尾的词，去e再加-ing
make→making, take→taking
以ie结尾的词，变ie为y，再加-ing
lie→lying, tie→tying
以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写此辅音字母，再加-ing
put→putting, run→running
过去式
一般情况，在词尾加-ed
wrk→wrked, lk→lked
以e结尾的词，直接加-d
decide→decided, mve→mved
以辅音字母＋y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-ed
try→tried, cry→cried
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写此辅音字母，再加-ed
plan→planned, stp→stpped
过去分词
在完成时态和被动语态中， 动词要用过去分词形式。规则变化的动词的过去分词同过去式；不规则变化的动词的过去式和过去分词详
词性
类别
解读
例句
助动词
be (am, is，
are, was, were)
构成现在进行时
They are dancing nw.
构成过去进行时
I was watching TV at that time.
构成被动语态
The bk was written by M Yan.
d (des, did)
构成疑问句、否定句
Des he live in Guangzhu？
构成否定祈使句
Dn't be late fr schl.
have (has)
构成现在完成时
He has gne t Wuhan.
will (shall)
构成一般将来时
She will leave fr Qingda tmrrw.
情态动词
用法
例句
can
表示能力，意为“能，会”
I can't hear yu clearly.
表示请求和许可(可与may互换)。在疑问句中表有礼貌地提出请求
Can I brrw yur bike?
表示猜测，用于疑问句或否定句，肯定回答用may或must。否定句中意为“不可能；一定不”
Can the news be true?
He can't be at hme.
culd
can 的过去式；表示请求，语气比can更委婉
Jim culd swim at the age f 6.
Culd I brrw yur pen?
表示猜测，意为“可能”
The bk culd be Jhn's.
may
用于疑问句，表示请求和许可(可与can互换)，肯定回答用may，否定回答用can't或mustn't
—May I use yur dictinary?
—Yes, yu may./N, yu can't/mustn't.
用于猜测，意为“或许，可能”，可能性较小，常用在肯定句中
Take a raincat with yu. It may rain.
might
may的过去式，表示猜测，可能性比may更小
He tld me he might be here n time.
must
have t/
must
have t意为“不得不”，表示客观需要。否定结构中nt have t表示“不必”
It's t late, s I have t g nw.
must表示说话人的主观看法，意为“必须”，否定结构中mustn't表示“不准，禁止”。must引导疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't或dn't have t
Yu must be here befre five.
—Must I d my wrk nw?
—Yes, yu must./N, yu needn't.
表示“猜测”，一般用于肯定句，意为“一定，肯定”，可能性较大
Yu must be tired after wrking fr a lng time.
need(既是情态动词又是行为动词)
作情态动词时意为“需要”，主要用在疑问句和否定句中；用于疑问句中，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't
—Need I g with yu?
—Yes, yu must./N, yu needn't.
作行为动词时，后接名词或动词不定式，常用在肯定句中
He needs t ask the plice fr help.
will
表示决心或愿望；用于疑问句表示提出请求或询问
I'll d my best t catch up with them.
It's ht. Will yu pen the windws？
wuld
will的过去式；语气比 will更委婉
Wuld yu d me a favur?
shall/
shuld/
ught t
shall用于第二、三人称时，表命令、警告、允诺、征求意见等
Yu shall d as the teacher said.
shall用于第一人称的疑问句时，表示征询听话人的意见、看法或请求
Shall we g t the z n weekends, Dad？
shuld/ught t用于表责任、义务或要求，意为“应该”
Yu shuld/ught t hand in the exercise bk.
动词＋介词
lk at 看
lk like看上去像
lk after 照料
listen t 听
welcme t欢迎到
say hell t向……问好
speak t对……说话
depend n/upn 取决于
此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。
动词＋副词
put n 穿上
take ff脱下
write dwn记下
lk up查找
give up放弃(努力)
turn up出现；开大
turn dwn拒绝；关小
make up化妆；编造
fill in填补； 填(写)
find ut查清；查明
hand in交上； 递交
carry ut执行；履行
thrw away扔掉
put away收起来；收拾好
put ut扑灭
wrk ut解决
此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前面。
动词＋副词
break ut爆发
cme in进来
cme n赶快
fall behind落后
get tgether 聚集
get up起床
give in屈服；让步
g ahead走在前面
g back 回去
g hme回家
g up上升
lsit dwn坐下
stand up起立
stay up熬夜； 不睡觉
watch ut 当心
此类短语属于不及物动词，不可以带宾语
动词＋副词
ring up打电话；给……打电话
wake up醒来；叫醒
take ff起飞；脱下
此类短语既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，主要取决于动词短语的意思
动词＋副词＋介词
add up t总计达
lk up t抬头看；尊重
lk frward t期盼
g alng with一起去；赞同
cme up with想出； 赶上
keep up with跟上；和……保持联系
put up with忍受
lk dwn n轻视；看不起
run ut f用完； 从……跑出
动词＋名词
have a lk看一看
take a rest休息一下
give a talk做报告
make an effrt努力
常见的动词有have，take，give，make，后面的名词通常是由动词转化来的名词，表达了短语的真正意义
动词＋名词＋介词
take care f照顾；照料
pay attentin t注意
make use f利用
take part in参加
say, d , wrk , believe, may, watch, see, be, think, eat