【中考一轮复习】2023年中考英语复习学案——第七讲 形容词和形容词比较等级（原卷版+解析版 ）

这是一份【中考一轮复习】2023年中考英语复习学案——第七讲 形容词和形容词比较等级（原卷版+解析版 ），文件包含中考一轮复习2023年中考英语复习学案第七讲形容词和形容词比较等级解析版doc、中考一轮复习2023年中考英语复习学案第七讲形容词和形容词比较等级原卷版doc等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共30页， 欢迎下载使用。

考点分析
形容词是描述人或事物的特征、性质、属性及状态的一种词类，主要用来修饰名词或代词。对于形容词的考查多集中在三个方面：1. 形容词的比较等级；2. 形容词词义辨析；3. 形容词短语搭配。纵观近年各地市中考题，对在语言环境中考查形容词词义的题目有逐步增加的趋势。在学习过程中，要在识记形容词词义上多下功夫，同时兼顾比较等级的各种变化形式。
知识梳理
一、形容词的句法作用
思维导图记知识点
形容词的句法作用：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。
作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。但形容词修饰smething, anything, nthing, everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后；形容词修饰疑问代词时，也须放在其后。
如：It’s a cld and windy day.
Wuld yu like smething ht t drink?
作表语，放在系动词的后面。常见的系动词有be, becme, get(变), make(使), turn(变), keep, feel, lk(看起来), seem, smell, sund, taste。
如：He lks happy tady. 他今天看起来高兴。
Silk feels sft. 绸子摸起来很软。
Milk is able t turn bad easily in summer.夏天，牛奶容易变质。
作宾语补足语，形容词作宾补时，应放在宾语之后，表示宾语的性质、状态或身份等。
如： We are making ur cuntry strng.
形容词在句子中的位置
思维导图记知识点
作定语时放在名词的前面,且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。
如：a big yellw wden wheel(一个黄色的大木轮)
作表语时放在连系动词之后。
如：The price sunds reasnable.(这个价格听起来算是合理)
作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。
如：We must try ur best t keep ur envirnment clean.(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁)
后置的情况：
修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。
如：Smething serius has happened t him.(他发生了严重的事故)
与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。
如：He’s 1.8 metres tall.(他身高1.8米。)
The mn is abut 380,000 kilmetres away frm the earth.(月球离地38万公里)
形容词的原级、比较级和最高级
思维导图记知识点
1、分类：形容词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。
原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
2、规则变化:
(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。
a)直接加er,est ：
b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est：
c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est：
(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加mre / mst.
3、不规则变化:
形容词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法
(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是：
主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 + (very/t/s/quite/rather…) + 形容词/副词原级 +….
如：He is very ld nw.(他现在很老了)
They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快)
The weather lks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟)
I am s happy!(我是如此的快乐)
☆表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型：
主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +….
如：He is as excited as his yunger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)
Lily rde her bike as slwly as an ld lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)
They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多)
☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型：
主语(第一个人物)+谓语动词(否定式)+ as/s + 形容词/副词原级+as+ 第二个人物+….
如：He is nt s / as excited as his yunger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋)
Lily did nt ride her bike s as slwly as an ld lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢) They didn’t pick s / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)
讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型：
主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+….
如：A mdern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了)
This bk didn’t cst me mre than that ne.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多)
讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是：
主语(‘A’)+ 谓语动词+ less+(多音节形/副)比较级 + than + 第二个人物(‘B’) +….
如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)
D yu think it less imprtant t learn a freign language?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗？)
(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是：
主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / f ….
如：The Changjiang River is the lngest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流)
He jumped (the) highest f the three (bys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)
关于比较等级的重要注释：
以上六个句型中,如果动词是及物或不及物动词,则后面用副词；如果后面是连系动词,则后面用形容词。
如：This car is the fastest f the fur.(形容词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的)
This car runs (the) fastest f the fur.(副词)(这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的)
“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天越来越温暖了)
“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”表示“越…就越…”。
如：The mre trees we plant,the better it will be.(我们栽的树越多,情况就会越好)
The harder yu try,the greater yur prgress is.(你越是努力,进步就越大)
一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可以加much/a little/even/still,而表示数量的mre之前还可以加sme/ any/ n/ ne/ tw/ many/ several/ a lt等词。
如：It is much clder tday than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了)
Wuld yu like sme mre cffee?(你还要些咖啡吗？)
He did nt eat any mre.(他没有再吃)
mre than / less than分别可以理解为“多于/少于”,相当于副词,mre than=ver; less than=under.
I lived in New Yrk fr mre than fur mnths.(我在纽约生活了四个多月)
“ne f the +最高级+名词(复数)”整个短语为单数含义,谓语要用单数形式。
One f the ldest huses has been burnt in a fire.(最古老的一幢房子在一场大火被烧毁了)
“Which / Wh+动词+形/副,□,□r□?”句型中,如果有两个选项,形/副用比较级,如果有三个选项,形/副用最高级。
Wh has mre bks, Lin Ta r Han Mei?(林涛和韩梅谁的书最多？)
Which is the heaviest,a pig,a hrse r an elephant?(猪、马、象哪个最重？)
上下文中含有bth/either/neither/tw/twins等表示两个事物的词时,用比较级,而且往往还要加the；含有all/nne/n ne/ every 等表示三个或三个以上事物时,用最高级。
--D yu like the smaller ne?—Neither.(小一点的那个你喜欢吗？一个都不喜欢)
--Which d yu like best? –All f them!(你最喜欢哪个？全部。)
三年中考真题
1．（2020·青海西宁·中考真题）In Viking(维京) times Cnstantinple was ne f ________ in the wrld.
A．richer cityB．richer citiesC．the richest cityD．the richest cities
2．（2020·湖南湘潭·中考真题）My daughter Anna is ________ than my sn Jack.
A．utgingB．mre utgingC．the mst utging
3．（2020·四川资阳·中考真题）The ________ the wrld is, the mre heres there will be in ur sciety.
A．hardB．harderC．hardestD．mre hard
4．（2020·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）— China is ver 5,000 years ld. It's ne f ________ cuntries in the wrld.
— Yes. It has a much ________ histry than the US.
A．ld; lngB．the ldest; lngerC．lder; lngerD．lder; the lngest
5．（2020·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）—The mre yu practice, __________yur English will be.
—I agree. Practice makes perfect.
A．the betterB．the wrseC．mreD．less
6．（2020·广西贺州·中考真题）Jenny, it’s time t practice the pian. ________ yu practice, ________ yu’ll play.
A．Mre; betterB．Mre; wrseC．The mre; the betterD．The less; the better
7．（2020·山东济南·中考真题）—Dad, which is ________, the sun r the mn?
—The sun, Tmmy. The mn is much smaller.
A．bigB．biggerC．biggestD．the biggest
8．（2020·西藏·中考真题）We believe that China will becme ne f ________ in the wrld.
A．the strng cuntriesB．the strngest cuntry
C．the strngest cuntriesD．the strng cuntry
9．（2020·广西百色·中考真题）_____________yu study, the better grades yu will get.
A．HardB．HarderC．The harderD．The hardest
10．（2020·湖南株洲·中考真题）There are a few twers in Zhuzhu, and the TV twer near the Yandi Square is the _________.
A．tallB．tallerC．tallest
11．（2021·甘肃甘南·中考真题）The mre the kids talked, the ________ they became.
A．happyB．happierC．happiest
12．（2021·西藏·中考真题）The math prblem is s ________, and the students can slve it ________.
A．easy；easilyB．easy；easyC．easily；easyD．easily；easily
13．（2021·山东青岛·中考真题）Light and bright clrs make peple nt nly ________ but als mre active.
A．earlierB．lazierC．busierD．happier
14．（2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—Listen! Amy, wh ________ next dr?
—Well, it’s Cindy. Her vice always sunds ________ just like a bird.
A．sings; sweetlyB．is singing; sweetC．sings; sweetD．is singing; sweetly
15．（2021·上海·中考真题）Yuan Lngping is recgnized as ne f ________ agricultural scientists in the wrld.
A．greatB．greaterC．greatestD．the greatest
16．（2021·江苏无锡·中考真题）一Yu want t lse weight? But why? Yu lk quite slim t me.
一That may be true. But I’m ________ than last year.
A．much heavierB．heavy enughC．much lighterD．light enugh
17．（2021·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—What is the highest muntain in the wrld?
—Qmlangma! It is ________ than any ther muntain in the wrld.
A．higherB．highestC．high
18．（2021·贵州毕节·中考真题）My brther Bb is ________ hard-wrking than me, but I am ________ than him.
A．mst; funnierB．mst; funniestC．mre; funD．mre; funnier
19．（2021·广西河池·中考真题）My brther is much ________ than me nw. He grws really fast.
A．tallB．tallerC．tallestD．the tallest
20．（2021·四川广元·中考真题）I think there’s n need t buy such an expensive cat fr a kid. I’d like a ________ ne.
A．cheapB．cheaperC．cheapestD．lwer
21．（2022·广西桂林·中考真题）Tny is ________ than Darning.
A．tallerB．tallC．tallest
22．（2022·北京·中考真题）After taking tennis classes, Tim is much ________ than last year.
A．strngB．strngerC．strngestD．the strngest
23．（2022·江苏徐州·中考真题）Tday is much ________ than yesterday. Nice!
A．clB．clerC．clestD．the clest
24．（2022·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题）I think swimming is ne f _______ sprts in ur schl．
A．ppularB．mre ppularC．the mst ppular
25．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）An ld man ________ n the side f the rad was fund ________, and he was sent t the hspital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.
A．lies; diesB．lay; diedC．lain; deadD．lying; dying
26．（2022·黑龙江·中考真题）We will have a ________ hliday after the entrance examinatin fr senir high schl.
A．tw mnthsB．tw-mnthC．tw-mnths
27．（2022·湖北鄂州·中考真题）— Which d yu like _________, Chinese r English?
— Chinese.
A．gdB．wellC．betterD．best
28．（2022·四川·凉山彝族自治州教育科学研究所中考真题）—Hw d yu like map tfu?
—Delicius! It’s the ________ dish that I’ve ever eaten.
A．saltiestB．bestC．wrst
29．（2022·湖南岳阳·中考真题）With the develpment f 5G technlgy, ur daily lives have becme _______.
A．mre and mre cnvenient
B．the mst cnvenient
C．cnvenienter and cnvenienter
30．（2022·湖南怀化·中考真题）The air in Huaihua is _______ than befre.
A．gdB．betterC．best
两年模拟演练
31．（2021·广西·都安瑶族自治县教学研究室三模）________ exercise yu take, ________yu will becme, but this is easier said than dne.
A．The less; the healthiestB．The mre; the healthiest
C．The less; the healthierD．The mre; the healthier
32．（2021·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模）— China is ver 5,000 years ld. It’s ne f ________ cuntries in the wrld.
— Yes, it has a much ________ histry than the US.
A．lder; lngerB．the ldest; lngerC．lder; the lngest
33．（2021·山东济南·三模）Sarah is ______ than Susan. Sarah is 166 cm tall. Susan is 174 cm tall.
A．shrterB．shrtestC．tallerD．tallest
34．（2021·福建师范大学附属中学初中部模拟预测）—Let’s take actin t get vaccinated (接种疫苗) t prevent COVID-19.
—OK. After all, life is ________ t every ne f us.
A．seriusB．differentC．valuable
35．（2021·辽宁·丹东市第十七中学二模）—I eat ________ meat and ________ vegetables than I did last year.
—That’s why yu’re getting fatter.
A．less; fewerB．mre; fewerC．less; mreD．many; much
36．（2021·江苏扬州·一模） I think “heres in harm’s way(逆行者)” must be ne f the ________ wrds n the Internet last year.
A．httestB．widestC．cleverestD．driest
37．（2021·四川省成都市石室联合中学三模）Of the public transprtatin, the ________ way t travel arund Chengdu is taking the subway.
A．cheapestB．fasterC．mst cnvenient
38．（2021·江苏·苏州市苏州高新区第一中学二模）—Hw was yur recent trip t Suzhu?
—Well, I’ve never had ________ ne befre!
A．a pleasantB．a mre pleasantC．a mst pleasantD．the mst pleasant
39．（2021·浙江·温州市第十二中学模拟预测）My brther is s________. He made a mdel plane with ld newspaper.
A．lvelyB．activeC．creativeD．helpful
40．（2021·山东青岛·二模）—What are the yung Hng Kng peple ding there?
—They are celebrating the Natinal Yuth Day t get an even ________ understanding f ur cuntry’s histry.
A．deepB．deepestC．the deepestD．deeper
41．（2022·青海·西宁市第十二中学二模）—Many students think English is ________ math.
—I agree. I’m weak in math.
A．much difficult thanB．s difficult as
C．less difficult thanD．mre difficult than
42．（2022·四川成都·二模）—Are yu ging t the airprt by bus?
—I’d rather take a taxi. It’s much ________.
A．quickerB．cheaperC．safer
43．（2022·重庆市万盛经济技术开发区溱州中学模拟预测）A Lifelng Jurney is an amazing TV play. It’s ________ than I expected.
A．wnderfulB．mre wnderfulC．bringD．mre bring
44．（2022·上海杨浦·二模）Yu sund ________. What’s the matter with yu?
A．wellB．unhappyC．sftlyD．angrily
45．（2022·江苏·无锡市华庄中学二模）—Hw was the ral English exam yesterday?
—Oh, I culdn’t feel any _________. I hardly understd mst f the questins they asked.
A．harderB．happierC．betterD．wrse
46．（2022·河北·衡水滨湖新区志臻中学一模）—This is ________ fascinating twn I have ever visited.
—Yes. I’ve never seen a ________ne.
A．the mre; betterB．the mst; betterC．the mre; bestD．the mst; gd
47．（2022·江苏·沛县教师发展中心模拟预测）We all knw that “em” must be ne f ________ phrases n the Internet this year, and the man is ________in the picture.
A．the htter; happyB．htter; gladC．the httest; sadD．httest; angry
48．（2022·新疆阿克苏·一模）Chgri (乔戈里峰) is ________ than any ther muntain in Xinjiang and it’s the secnd ________ muntain n earth. I hpe t climb it ne day.
A．higher; highB．highest; higherC．higher; highestD．high; higher
49．（2022·吉林四平·二模）Mike is much ________ than his brther Sam.
A．heavyB．heavierC．the heaviest
50．（2022·江苏泰州·二模）—I think spring is ________ any ther seasn.
—I agree. As a Chinese saying ges, “The whle year’s wrk________ a gd start in spring.”
A．as imprtant as; carries nB．mre imprtant than; depends n
C．nt as imprtant as; makes upD．less imprtant than; stands fr
原级
比较级
最高级
gd好的
better更好的
best最好的
well好；(身体)好的,
bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地
wrse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的
wrst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的
ill(身体)不舒服的
many许多的(可数)
mre更多的；更
mst最多的；最
much许多(不可数)；非常
little少的
less更少的
least最少的
far远的；远地
farther更远的；更远地
farthest最远的；最远地
further进一步的(地)
furthest最深刻的(地)