所属成套资源:2023中考英语一轮复习学案原卷版+解析版
【中考一轮复习】2023年中考英语复习学案——第二十一讲 完形填空之议论文(原卷版+解析版)
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这是一份【中考一轮复习】2023年中考英语复习学案——第二十一讲 完形填空之议论文(原卷版+解析版),文件包含中考一轮复习2023年中考英语复习学案第二十一讲完形填空之议论文解析版doc、中考一轮复习2023年中考英语复习学案第二十一讲完形填空之议论文原卷版doc等2份学案配套教学资源,其中学案共20页, 欢迎下载使用。
考点分析
议论文一般缺乏趣味性,所以在中考中出现的频率不是很高,但是也偶有出现,因此对于这类题材的文章的特点及解题的关键考生也应该有适当的了解。
知识梳理
1. 完形填空的短文通常没有标题且文章的首句和尾句,一般不设空,要特别注重对首、尾句的理解,因为它们往往提示或点明文章的主题,对理解全文有较大帮助。
2. 第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容,弄不清头绪,这是很正常的。此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理,应稳定情绪,再将短文读一两遍,直到明确大意为止。
3. 做题时切勿一看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案,这样往往只见树木不见森林。由于缺乏全局观念,极易导致连续选错。
因为完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空,其空白处是位于一篇文章之中,因此必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。
4. 每篇完形填空所设的空多以实词为主,所提供的四个备选项中只有一个是正确的,其他三项均为干扰项。而干扰项也多半与前、后的句子或词组可以形成某种搭配,即如单从语法角度判断则无法确定,还必须从语篇意义上加以鉴别。
5. 动笔时先易后难,先完成容易、有把握的答案,这样可以增强自信心,然后再集中精力解决难点。对于实在无法确定的,可以从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示,大胆地作出猜测。
三年中考真题
A
(2022·四川眉山·中考真题)
It was the sprts meeting nce a year in ur schl. But my ft still hadn’t healed(痊愈)because f an accident. I wndered whether I shuld ___1___ the meeting r nt. But I had prepared fr it fr a lng time and I was ready fr the 1,500-meter race.
“Ready…set…” The gun sunded and we were ff. The ther bys rushed ahead f me. I felt ashamed as I fell farther behind.
“Hray!” The crwd shuted. It was the ludest ___2___ I had ever heard at a sprts meeting.
The first-place runner was ne lap(圈)ahead f me when he ___3___ the finish line.
“Maybe I shuld ___4___.” I thught as I ran. Hwever, I kept ging. During the last lap, I ran in pain and decided nt t race next year, ___5___ by that time my ft had healed.
When I finished, I heard ___6___ luder cheers frm the girls. “They ___7___ be cheering fr the winners.” I thught.
I was leaving the meeting when several girls came up t me. “Ww, yu’ve shwn a lt f ___8___!” One f them tld me. “We were cheering fr yu. Did yu hear us?”
I felt ___9___ again and decided t run again next year. I ___10___ that strength and curage aren’t always measured in victries. The strngest peple are nt always thse wh win, but thse wh dn’t give up even when they are lsing.
1.A.watchB.attendC.planD.hst
2.A.niseB.musicC.shwD.cheer
3.A.wnB.paintedC.crssedD.swam
4.A.give upB.give awayC.put upD.put away
5.A.rB.asC.s thatD.even thugh
6.A.muchB.tC.sD.very
7.A.canB.needC.mustD.shuld
8.A.talentB.curageC.interestD.humr
9.A.luckyB.hpefulC.wrriedD.unhappy
10.A.dubtedB.imaginedC.realizedD.required
【答案】
1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.C
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者在一次运动会1500米的比赛中被远远地甩在后面,跑完比赛后他想着明年再也不参加了,但是给他加油的女孩们的欢呼声给了他鼓励,让他意识到力量和勇气并不总是用胜利来衡量的。最坚强的人并不总是那些胜利者,而是那些即使在失败的时候也不放弃的人。
1.句意:我不知道我是否应该参加运动会。
watch观看;attend出席;plan计划;hst主持。根据“whether I shuld … the meeting r nt”可知,此处指是否能参加运动会,故选B。
2.句意:这是我在体育会上听到的最响亮的欢呼声。
nise噪音;music音乐;shw演出;cheer欢呼声。根据““Hray!” The crwd shuted”可知,最响亮的欢呼声,故选D。
3.句意:当第一名冲过终点线时,他跑在我前面一圈。
wn赢得;painted绘画;crssed穿过;swam游泳。根据“The first-place runner…the finish line”可知,此处指穿过终点线,故选C。
4.句意:或许我应该放弃。
give up放弃;give away捐赠;put up张贴;put away收好。根据“Hwever, I kept ging”可知,作者看到自己被远远地甩在后面想放弃,然而还是继续坚持着,故选A。
5.句意:在最后一圈,我跑得很疼,决定明年不参加比赛,尽管那时我的脚已经痊愈了。
r或者;as由于;s that以便于;even thugh即使。“I ran in pain and decided nt t race next year”与“by that time my ft had healed”是让步关系,用even thugh引导让步状语从句,故选D。
6.句意:当我结束时,我听到女孩们更大声的欢呼声。
much许多;t太;s如此;very非常。此空应填入一个副词修饰比较级luder,四个选项中只有much可以修饰比较级,故选A。
7.句意:他们一定在为胜利者欢呼。
can能够;need需要;must必须;shuld应该。根据“They… be cheering fr the winners”可知,作者猜测欢呼声一定是给获胜者,故选C。
8.句意:哇,你表现出了很大的勇气!
talent才能;curage勇气;interest兴趣;humr幽默。作者尽管被第一名远远地甩在后面,但是作者仍然坚持跑完全程,这种勇气让这些女孩感动,故选B。
9.句意:我又充满了希望,决定明年再参加比赛。
lucky幸运的;hpeful有希望的;wrried担心的;unhappy不开心的。根据“decided t run again next year”可知,作者内心又充满了希望,故选B。
10.句意:我意识到力量和勇气并不总是用胜利来衡量的。
dubted怀疑;imagined想象;realized认识到;required需要。根据“that strength and curage aren’t always measured in victries”可知,这是作者认识到的哲理感悟,故选C。
B
(2021·河北中考·)
Every schl has rules fr students t fllw. Hwever, sme students may see the ___11___ as a way which teachers cntrl them. Smetimes, they’re unhappy and even feel ___12___. Well, if yu think yur life is hard, yu might think abut the ___13___ in ancient times. Fr sme f them, life was really hard.
In the ld days, peple believed that teachers had t be very ___14___ and had the right t punish the students. Parents didn’t mind if teachers punished their children when their children didn’t d what they were ___15___ t d. Often, the stricter a teacher was, the mre parents thught he r she was a gd teacher.
In fact, fllwing schl rules can be very imprtant. Fr example, running in the hallways culd cause a student t ___16___. It may hurt himself r anther persn. Fllwing the rules can als help the students in the classrm t learn ___17___ difficulty. In class, a teacher may ask students t raise their hands ___18___ they speak. If smene speaks ut f turn, ther students might nt be able t hear the teacher ___19___. Schl rules can help students prepare fr their wn futures as well. When they ___20___ and g ut n their wn, they’ll sn find that they still need t fllw rules.
Rules make the wrld much better. If there are n rules, life will be meaningless and in disrder.
11.A.rulesB.excusesC.factsD.examples
12.A.tiredB.angryC.excitedD.gd
13.A.dctrsB.parentsC.teachersD.students
14.A.kindB.cleverC.strictD.careful
15.A.tldB.heardC.invitedD.watched
16.A.cme utB.fall dwnC.mve nD.pass by
17.A.abutB.frmC.exceptD.withut
18.A.becauseB.thughC.befreD.unless
19.A.clearlyB.luckilyC.quicklyD.plitely
20.A.hurry upB.lk upC.grw upD.dress up
【答案】
11.A 12.B 13.D 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.C
【分析】本文探讨了学校规则,作者认为规则让世界变得更好,如果没有规则,生活将是毫无意义的和无序的。
11.句意:然而,一些学生可能认为这些规则是老师控制他们的一种方式。
rules规则;excuses借口;facts事实;examples例子。根据“Every schl has rules fr students t fllw.”可知,是校规,故选A。
12.句意:有时,他们不开心,甚至感到愤怒。
tired劳累的;angry生气的;excited激动的;gd好的。根据“they’re unhappy”可知,是不好的情绪,故选B。
13.句意:嗯,如果你认为你的生活很艰难,你可以想想古代的学生。
dctrs医生;parents父母;teachers老师;students学生。根据后文描述可知,是跟古代的学生作对比,故选D。
14.句意:在过去,人们认为老师必须非常严格,有权利惩罚学生。
kind善良的;clever聪明的;strict严厉的;careful仔细的。根据“had the right t punish the students”可知,老师是很严厉的,故选C。
15.句意:当孩子没有按照老师的要求去做时,父母并不介意老师惩罚他们的孩子。
tld告诉;heard听见;invited邀请;watched观看。根据“when their children didn’t d what they were…t d.”可知,在学生不做被告知的事情时,会受到惩罚,故选A。
16.句意:例如,在走廊上跑步可能会导致学生摔倒。
cme ut出版;fall dwn摔倒;mve n前进;pass by路过。根据“running in the hallways”可知,在走廊上跑步可能会摔倒,故选B。
17.句意:遵守规则也可以帮助学生在教室学习没有困难。
abut关于;frm从;except除了;withut没有。分析“Fllwing the rules can als help the students in the classrm t learn…difficulty.”可知,遵守规则也可以帮助学生在教室学习没有困难,可用withut表示“没有”,故选D。
18.句意:在课堂上,老师可能会要求学生在发言前举手。
because因为;thugh虽然;befre在……之前;unless除非。根据“In class, a teacher may ask students t raise their hands…they speak.”可知,发言前要举手,故选C。
19.句意:如果有人乱说话,其他学生可能听不清老师的话。
clearly清楚地;luckily幸运地;quickly迅速地;plitely礼貌地。根据“If smene speaks ut f turn”可知,如果有人乱说话,其他学生会听不清,故选A。
20.句意:当他们长大了,自己出去时,他们很快就会发现他们仍然需要遵守规则。
hurry up快点;lk up查阅;grw up长大;dress up打扮。根据“g ut n their wn”可知,是长大后,故选C。
C
(2020·广西北部湾经济区·中考真题)
When I was 16, I tk a part-time jb fr the first time in my life. I wrked at a restaurant near my hme fr a whle ___21___.
I thught wrking in the restaurant wuld be the easiest jb in the wrld. ___22___, I made sme mistakes in the first few days f wrk. I brke a few glasses and cut my hands while I was washing dishes. And it was hard fr me t ___23___ a full tray(盘子)with just ne hand. My bss cmfrted(安慰)me. His ___24___ were a big help t me. They shwed me that the mre I d, the ___25___ I'll becme.
Since that day, I have becme mre patient and willing t try new things. ___26___ ges well.
The mnth sn came t an end. I decided t ___27___ my wrk, s that I culd learn a lt frm this wrk experience. Thrugh it, I gt t understand ___28___ we need mre than just experience t master a jb. ___29___, we need a psitive attitude(积极的态度). My time at the restaurant will ___30___ with me frever and benefit(使受益)me in the future.
21.A.yearB.mnthC.weekD.day
22.A.MreverB.OtherwiseC.AlsD.Hwever
23.A.hldB.catchC.getD.bring
24.A.changesB.wrdsC.ideasD.prmises
25.A.wrseB.wrstC.betterD.best
26.A.AnythingB.NthingC.SmethingD.Everything
27.A.cntinueB.stpC.startD.avid
28.A.hwB.thatC.whenD.which
29.A.After thatB.S farC.Abve allD.At mst
30.A.remainB.walkC.fllwD.stand
【答案】
21.B 22.D 23.A 24.B 25.C 26.D 27.A 28.B 29.C 30.A
【分析】本文讲述了作者在16岁时第一次做兼职的经历。他通过这次工作明白了要掌握一份工作,不仅仅需要经验,最重要的是需要积极的态度。
21.句意:我在我家附近的一家餐馆工作了整整一个月。
year年,mnth月,week周,day天。根据后文的“The mnth sn came t an end. ”可知,此处表示我在这家餐馆工作了一个月,故选B。
22.句意:但是,在工作的头几天,我犯了一些错误。
Mrever而且,Otherwise否则,Als也,Hwever然而。前半句表示我原以为在餐馆里工作是很容易的,后半句表示我在工作的前几天犯了一些错误,前后表示转折关系,用连词hwever,故选D。
23.句意:对我来说,单手拿着满满一盘食物是很困难的。
hld握住,catch 赶上,get得到,bring带来。根据“with just ne hand”可知,用手拿着满满一盘食物,故选A。
24.句意:他的话对我帮助很大。
changes变化,wrds单词,ideas主意,prmises诺言。根据前文的“My bss cmfrted(安慰)me. ”可知,我的老板安慰我,因此表示他安慰我的话。故选B。
25.句意:他们告诉我,我做得越多,就会变得越好。
wrse更糟糕的,wrst最糟糕的,better更好的,best最好的。the+比较级,the+比较级,表示“越,越”,根据前文的“His ... were a big help t me. ”可知,他的话对我有很大帮助,因此做的越多,就会变得越好,故选C。
26.句意:一切顺利。
Anything 任何事,Nthing没什么,Smething 某事,Everything一切。根据前文的“I have becme mre patient and willing t try new things.”可知,我变得更有耐心了,也愿意尝试新事物,因此一切变得顺利,故选D。
27.句意:我决定继续我的工作,这样我可以从这个工作经验中学到很多。
cntinue继续,stp停止,start 开始,avid避免。根据前文的“ well.”可知,一切顺利了,因此我继续在这家餐馆工作,故选A。
28.句意:通过这次经历,我明白了要掌握一份工作我们需要的不仅仅是经验。
hw如何,that 那个,when何时,which哪一个。此处作为动词understand后的宾语从句,不缺少成分,因此用that引导,故选B。
29.句意:最重要的是,我们需要积极的态度。
After that 在那之后,S far迄今为止,Abve all最重要的,At mst最多。根据“we need mre than just experience t master a jb. ”和“we need a psitive attitude”可知,我们需要的东西最重要的是积极的态度,故选C。
30.句意:我在这家餐厅的时光仍将永远陪伴着我,将来也会对我有益。
remain仍然,walk散步,fllw遵守,stand站立。根据“benefit(使受益)me in the future.”可知,将来也对我有益,因此我在餐馆的时光仍然永远和我在一起。故选A。
两年模拟演练
A
(2021·河南洛阳·九年级专题)
根据短文内容,从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个正确答案。
A father and his sn were happy when they saw flwers everywhere and the sky full f clrful kites f all kinds. It was the ___31___ Festival in Weifang, Shandng. The sn wanted t fly a kite, t. The father bught a kite fr him.
The sn began t fly the kite. Sn, his kite was high up in the sky. After a while, the sn said, “Father, it seems that the string (绳子) is ___32___ the kite frm flying higher. If we cut it, it will be free and fly even ___33___. Can we cut it?” The father cut the string ff. The kite started t g higher. This made the little by ___34___. But then, slwly, the by saw that the kite began t ___35___. It sn fell t the grund. The sn was surprised t see this. He asked his father, “I thught that ___36___ cutting the string, the kite wuld fly higher. ___37___ did it fall dwn?” The father explained, “The string was nt stpping the kite frm ging higher, but was helping it ___38___ in the sky. Using the string, yu helped the kite g up in the right directin. But when yu cut the ___39___, it culd n lnger supprt the kite.”
We may smetimes feel like there are certain things that are hlding us back and stpping us frm grwing. But ____40____, these might be the things that supprt us the mst.
31.A.KiteB.WaterC.LanternD.Spring
32.A.drppingB.havingC.stppingD.catching
33.A.higherB.shrterC.slwerD.quicker
34.A.excitedB.bredC.wrriedD.scared
35.A.run awayB.g upC.cme trueD.fall dwn
36.A.befreB.afterC.sD.since
37.A.WhB.WhenC.WhyD.Where
38.A.jumpB.stayC.getD.make
39.A.paperB.treeC.grassD.string
40.A.in ttalB.in factC.by the wayD.what’s mre
【答案】
31.A 32.C 33.A 34.A 35.D 36.B 37.C 38.B 39.D 40.B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述一位父亲带儿子参加风筝节的故事。这个故事告诉我们:有时候我们认为阻碍我们成长的东西可能是支持我们的东西。
31.句意:那是山东潍坊的风筝节。
Kite风筝;Water水;Lantern灯笼;Spring春天。根据“the sky full f clrful kites f all kinds”以及后文的描述可知这是风筝节。故选A。
32.句意:爸爸,好像绳子阻止了风筝飞得更高。
drpping下降;having有;stpping停止;catching抓住。根据“If we cut it, it will be free and fly even...”可知小男孩认为如果把线剪掉,风筝会飞得更高,说明他认为绳子阻止了风筝飞得更高。故选C。
33.句意:如果我们剪掉它,它就会自由,飞得更高。
higher更高;shrter更短;slwer更慢;quicker更快。根据“The father cut the string ff. The kite started t g higher”可知剪掉绳子时候风筝飞得更高了。故选A。
34.句意:这使小男孩很兴奋。
excited兴奋的;bred无聊的;wrried担心的;scared害怕的。根据“The kite started t g higher”可知剪掉绳子以后的风筝开始飞得更高了,小男孩很兴奋。故选A。
35.句意:但是,慢慢地,男孩看到风筝开始落下。
run away逃跑;g up向上;cme true实现;fall dwn落下。根据“It sn fell t the grund”可知,剪掉绳子的风筝应是慢慢地开始落下。故选D。
36.句意:我以为剪断绳子后,风筝会飞得更高。
befre在……之前;after在……之后;s所以;since自从。根据“cutting the string, the kite wuld fly higher”可知是剪掉绳子之后飞得更高。故选B。
37.句意:为什么它会掉下来?
Wh谁;When什么时候;Why为什么;Where哪里。根据前句“I thught that…cutting the string, the kite wuld fly higher.”可知,应是问为什么会掉下来。故选C。
38.句意:这根线并没有阻止风筝飞得更高,而是帮助它停留在天空中。
jump跳;stay停留;get得到;make制作。根据下文“But when yu cut culd n lnger supprt the kite.”可知,这根线是帮助它停留在天空中。故选B。
39.句意:但是当你剪掉绳子,它再也不能支撑风筝了。
paper纸;tree树;grass草地;string绳子。根据“But when yu cut culd n lnger supprt the kite.”可知是剪掉绳子。故选D。
40.句意:但事实上,这些可能是最支持我们的东西。
in ttal总共;in fact事实上;by the way顺便说一下;what’s mre而且。承接前句“We may smetimes feel like there are certain things that are hlding us back and stpping us frm grwing.”语境和But的提示可知,空处应用“事实上”。故选B。
B
(2022·山东泰安·九年级专题)
My husband and I recently went t an amusement park with ur children and grandchildren. We had a wnderful time and made lts f ___41___ memries tgether. Unexpectedly. I came acrss(偶遇)a warm ___42___ as we made ur way thrugh the park.
Our fur grandchildren were excited ___43___ the attractin(吸引人之处)where children culd drive the cars. I sat utside and prepared t take phts f my family. As I waited fr my family t drive by, I nticed a car with a father and his sn ___44___ lked t be abut 7 years ld. They rlled dwn the hill at the beginning and suddenly the car ___45___. The sn shuted. “I can’t d it.” His father ___46___ said, “Yes, yu can.”
“N. I can’t!”
“Yes, yu can, sn.”
The little by was almst in tears. “I CAN’T! “With deep patience, the father said. “Sn, yu can d this. Let me help yu.” Then he taught the by t push the gas pedal(踏板)and ___47___ the car. And a few minutes later, the tw went smthly n their way dwn the track(轨道).
The scene brught ___48___ t my eyes. “Yes, yu can”, the wrds whispered(悄声说)t my heart. Then every time things gt ___49___ r when I had failures alng the way, I wuld think f “Yes, yu can.” That’s where the true strength(力量)cmes in. Are yu struggling(奋斗)with smething tday? Yu can ___50___ the wrds “Yes, yu can.”
41.A.terribleB.sweetC.nervus
42.A.mmentB.prgramC.prmise
43.A.frB.abutC.with
44.A.whB.whichC.whm
45.A.leftB.flewC.stpped
46.A.angrilyB.quietlyC.sadly
47.A.makeB.washC.drive
48.A.sandB.tearsC.pictures
49.A.hardB.excitingC.cmfrtable
50.A.frgetB.regretC.trust
【答案】
41.B 42.A 43.B 44.A 45.C 46.B 47.C 48.B 49.A 50.C
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者和家人去游乐园玩耍时,看到了一位父亲跟儿子一起玩的场景。那位父亲对儿子说的“Yes, yu can”深深地打动了作者。
41.句意:我们度过了一段美好的时光,创造了许多甜蜜的回忆。terrible糟糕的;sweet甜蜜的;nervus紧张的。根据“We had a wnderful time and made lts f … memries tgether”可知,玩得很开心,留下了甜蜜的回忆,故选B。
42.句意:在我们穿过公园的路上,我遇到了一个温暖的时刻。mment时刻;prgram程序;prmise诺言。根据“I came acrss(偶遇)a warm”及下文的内可知,遇到了温暖的一刻,故选A。
43.句意:我们的四个孙子孙女都很兴奋,因为孩子们可以在这里开车。fr为了;abut关于;with带有。be excited abut“对……感到兴奋”,固定搭配,故选B。
44.句意:我注意到一辆车上有一位父亲和他的儿子,他的儿子看起来大约7岁。wh谁;which哪一个;whm谁。此处是定语从句,先行词sn是指人,在从句中作主语,用关系词wh引导定语从句,故选A。
45.句意:他们从一开始就滚下山,突然汽车停了下来。left离开;flew飞;stpped停止。根据“ suddenly the car”及“I can’t d it”可知,车突然停止了,故选C。
46.句意:爸爸平静地说,“你可以的”。angrily生气地;quietly平静地;sadly难过地。根据“His father …said, “Yes, yu can.””可知,爸爸在说鼓励的话,所以是平静地说,故选B。
47.句意:然后他教那个男孩踩油门开车。make制造;wash清洗;drive驾驶。根据“push the gas pedal”可知,踩油门开车,故选C。
48.句意:这一幕使我热泪盈眶。sand沙子;tears眼泪;pictures图片。根据“the wrds whispered(悄声说)t my heart”可知,这一幕和这一句话让作者热泪盈眶,故选B。
49.句意:每次遇到困难或者失败的时候。hard困难的;exciting兴奋的;cmfrtable舒服的。根据“Then every time things gt…r when I had failures alng the way”可知,遇到困难的时候,故选A。
50.句意:你可以相信这句话:“是的,你可以。”frget忘记;regret后悔;trust相信。根据“Then every time things gt… r when I had failures alng the way, I wuld think f “Yes, yu can.” That’s where the true strength(力量)cmes in”可知,这句话给了作者力量,所以作者认为在遇到困难的时候可以相信这句话,相信自己一定能行,故选C。
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