【中考一轮复习】2023年中考英语复习学案——第十九讲 完形填空之记叙文（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份【中考一轮复习】2023年中考英语复习学案——第十九讲 完形填空之记叙文（原卷版+解析版），文件包含中考一轮复习2023年中考英语复习学案第十九讲完形填空之记叙文解析版doc、中考一轮复习2023年中考英语复习学案第十九讲完形填空之记叙文原卷版doc等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共28页， 欢迎下载使用。

考点分析
完形填空是英语考试中一项重要的考查内容。完形填空也是一种综合能力测试题，是对学生语法、词汇、句型、阅读能力、理解能力和逻辑推理能力的一种多方位的检测。按照考试大纲要求，通常在一篇200词左右的难度适中的文章中留出10个空白，要求学生从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。
综观各地往年中考真题，记叙文居多，而且近年中考中记叙文所占比例超过50%，预测2023年中考完形填空也会以记叙文为主，侧重考查实词和对上下文语境、逻辑的理解。
二、考试内容
完形填空考题要求考生在阅读过一篇不完整的文章后，能根据上下文意思，在所给的选项中选择最佳答案。其考查点有：
1. 能够掌握足够的词汇量，正确运用词类和词语的正确搭配。包括名词、代词、冠词、动词等词类和短语等。
2. 基础语法知识。包括句法、固定搭配、句型、词语加惯用法、时态、语态、主从复合句等。
3. 还应具有一定的语言运用能力、阅读能力、理解能力、综合分析能力和逻辑判断能力。
= 1 \* GB3 ① 以语篇为载体，测试语言知识和语言能力。试题既考查学生对短文的整体理解能力，也考查学生运用语法知识、词汇知识的能力以及对事物的逻辑推理、分析判断能力。
= 2 \* GB3 ② 以意义填空为主。试题在着重考查考生阅读理解能力的前提下，兼顾对语言知识、常识、逻辑推理能力的考查。
= 3 \* GB3 ③ 降低对单词本身词义的考查要求，注重考查对全文意义的理解。中考完形填空备选项中所涉及的词汇基本上都是常见的初级词汇。
= 4 \* GB3 ④ 考点分布符合考查目的。试题以名词、动词、形容词和副词等信息词汇为考查重点，淡化对介词、连词、冠词等结构词的考查，以检测学生在具体情境中灵活运用所学知识的能力。
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤有的采用主观试题形式。有些完形填空题全部舍弃了学生们平时接触较多的＂四选一＂形式，而改之以＂自由完形填空＂形式，除了要求填入单词外，有的还设置了要求填入词组或短语的空格。
三、命题特点
1. 选文特点：
= 1 \* GB3 ① 以叙述文体的小故事为主；
= 2 \* GB3 ② 篇幅一般在200~300词之间；
= 3 \* GB3 ③ 难度略低于阅读理解中的短文；
= 4 \* GB3 ④ 所选短文语言地道、纯正，结构严谨，层次分明，逻辑性强。
2. 设空特点
① 首句通常不挖空，以便考生对短文前提和背景有个较清楚的了解，从而使考生尽快熟悉语境、推测文章大意。
② 短文设空平均密度为10—20个单词设一个空。
3. 选项特点
① 每个小题所给的四个选项一般都属于同一词性，语意范畴相同。长短相宜，避免了对答案的明显暗示，彼此之间也不会出现相互包容的情况。偶尔有个别小题的四个选项的词性不同，但其语法功能大都一样。
② 单从语法角度，甚至从某一句的角度来看，干扰项都可以和空前或空后的文字形成某种搭配，从而形成一定的干扰或起到迷惑作用。
= 3 \* GB3 ③ 选项使用词汇没有重复，尽可能增加考查内容的覆盖面。
4. 考查特点
近几年的完形填空题主要考查考生对上下文的理解，要求考生通过语境来作出选择。＂语境能力型＂试题具有一定难度，因为所给的四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立，错误选项多半可以和空前、空后文字形成某种搭配，极具干扰和迷惑作用。
5. 难处暗示特点
完形填空的短文有时因为行文的需要，出现了对考生来说较难理解的背景，或者有时是命题者为了有意识地控制完形填空的难度等原因，往往会在短文的适当之处安排暗示。但这种暗示多为后面暗示前面，也就是说前面的某些空从当时的情况来看，或是线索不清，或是语境不明，无法填出，但只要继续往后看，就会发现此空在文章后面的某个地方有暗示。
知识梳理
记叙文类完形填空解题技巧
一、解题步骤
二、解题方法
1. 词语搭配法：根据词语的习惯搭配来确定正确答案。
2. 语法判断法：通过语法分析来选择正确答案。若选项是名词，应根据上下文确定该名词的单复数以及是否用所有格等；若选项是动词，应考虑其时态、语态、搭配及非谓语形式等。
3. 语境分析法：根据上下文的具体语境，利用所学知识和平时积累的生活常识等，选出最符合情景的选项。
4. 对比排除法：有时对于一些难选的空，可以试着将各个选项逐一代入空处，然后进行综合比较，从而选出最恰当的答案。
三、满分技巧
1. 了解记叙文的六要素。
记叙文，无论是记人还是叙事，都会交代清楚时间、地点、人物、事件、经过和结果，即记叙文的＂六要素＂。弄清了这六个要素，基本上就理解了整篇文章。
2. 明确作者的写作目的。
就事论事一般来说不是作者记叙的目的，作者往往通过叙述阐明一个道理。作者总是为了某个目的，在情节选择和细节描写上作出合理的安排。读者明晰了写作目的，就能抓住文章的主题。
3. 读懂作者的观点或态度。
解题时要认真分析全文，看作者是否一直采用某种态度叙事或描述人。为了增加试题难度，命题人往往采用变化的形式，考生只有在语境的指导下，对文章进行准确地逻辑推断，才能推测出文字之下的深层信息。
4. 弄清作者叙述的视角。
弄清文章是以第几人称的视角展开记叙的。通常英语记叙文展开记叙的视角有两个：第一人称和第三人称。用第一人称就是从＂参与者＂的角度进行记叙，读者可从字里行间感受到作者的态度和感情。用第三人称就是以＂观察者＂的身份展开叙述，作者的语气客观，与读者保持一定距离，读者的注意力更多地集中在故事本身上。了解作者的写作角度有助于我们抓住作者的思维，深入理解文章的意义，把握好语境。
三年中考真题
A
（2020·青海西宁·中考真题）
What’s the meaning f life? This is a questin we all ask ___1___ all the time. The best answer was “The meaning f life is t give life meaning.”
When I was a by, I gave my life meaning by ___2___ playing, swimming, laughing and riding my bike.
When I went t schl, I gave my life meaning by studying hard and trying t make my mm and dad ___3___.
When I was a teenager, I fund meaning in playing sprts, ___4___ ut with my friends.
In cllege, I fund my life meaning by deciding what I wanted t study and what I wuld ___5___ fr my dream jb.
When I was wrking as a teacher, I fund meaning in helping students pen their minds and make their lives full f ___6___.
When I married and had kids, I fund meaning in prtecting and watching ver thse I lved. When I fund ut ___7___ f my sns have mental illness, my heart was brken int pieces, but I fund meaning in lving them and ___8___ them.
___9___ I grw lder, I begin t understand meaning isn’t smething that cmes and ges. We can give meaning t every mment f ur life. All we have t d is t ___10___ everything and everybdy we have.
It is lve that makes ur lives mre valuable and meaningful.
1．A．urselvesB．ursC．urD．we
2．A．exactlyB．simplyC．widelyD．quickly
3．A．angryB．seriusC．prudD．praise
4．A．hangingB．bringingC．givingD．taking
5．A．payB．prepareC．thankD．wait
6．A．wisdmB．wealthC．healthD．advice
7．A．neitherB．eitherC．bthD．nne
8．A．grwing upB．caring frC．taking afterD．lking like
9．A．AsB．UnlessC．IfD．Hwever
10．A．feelB．lveC．tuchD．mve
B
（2021·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题）
Billy’s mm had been asking him t clean the attic(小阁楼) fr mnths. One Saturday, Billy was bred and decided it was _____11_____ t get the jb dne. He walked up the dirty stairs, _____12_____ the ld dr, and gt right t wrk.
As Billy lked thrugh bxes, walked thrugh papers _____13_____ did sme cleaning, he fund all kinds f little treasures. He fund ld tys, many bks and funny pictures f his parents. The pictures were taken _____14_____ they were yunger. Billy fund sme f his wn tys and clthes frm when he was much _____15_____. He smiled. The attic certainly had lts f stries t _____16_____ abut his family.
A small wden bx, lying in the far cmer f the attic, caught Billy’s _____17_____. He went ver and pened it. In it he fund sme ld papers. One lked like a _____18_____. He tk it ut. As he lked _____19_____ at it, Billy discvered that the map shwed a huse—his huse! Then Billy searched fr where the map ______20______, and realized it was t his wn bedrm!
He ran back dwn the stairs with the map ______21______ his hand. He was very excited nw and sped int his rm t find what he was sure wuld be a wnderful surprise. As he pened the dr t his rm, he smelled his ______22______ thing in the wrld: banana nut cakes. There, n the cmer f his desk, was a plate f warm cakes and a tall glass f cld milk. Beside the plate was a ______23______ frm his mm. “Thank yu fr ______24______ the attic,” it said. “I hpe yu enjy this little ______25______ , t! Lve, Mm.”
11．A．chanceB．timeC．turnD．chice
12．A．lckedB．clsedC．penedD．painted
13．A．rB．butC．sD．and
14．A．whenB．thughC．becauseD．hw
15．A．lderB．tallerC．slwerD．yunger
16．A．tellB．careC．wrryD．think
17．A．armB．eyeC．earD．leg
18．A．cardB．letterC．mapD．pht
19．A．sadlyB．clselyC．carelesslyD．prudly
20．A．put upB．set ffC．led tD．tk away
21．A．byB．underC．inD．f
22．A．favuriteB．imprtantC．interestingD．ppular
23．A．pictureB．bkC．diaryD．nte
24．A．cleaningB．emptyingC．buildingD．searching
25．A．tyB．treasureC．bananaD．desk
C
（2022·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）
Once upn a time, there was a little sparrw. This sparrw was always n the hunt fr smething t eat and ne day he happened upn a big bean. But befre he culd ____26____ it, he had t wash his hands. He hid the bean n a bridge and flew dwn t the ____27____ belw t clean up.
“I just can’t wait fr my wnderful ____28____,” the sparrw said t himself. Then he ____29____ his way back up t the bridge. “I wn’t have t wrk fr a week!” But when he gt back t his ____30____ place, the bean was gne!
As the sparrw flew arund lking fr his lst treasure, he saw a ____31____ cming ver the bridge. “____32____ , can yu help me find my bean?” the sparrw asked. “Please, d I lk like I have time t find a tiny bean? Find it ____33____ ,” said the farmer as he walked away.
Next, the sparrw saw a sldier cming ver the bridge. He asked the sldier the ____34____ questin. “Please, little bird, I have n time fr yu,” he said and walked n. Then a minister（大臣）came walking by, but ____35____ the sparrw culd even ask, he laughed and walked away. The little bird had ____36____ given up hpe, when the king came up the bridge, riding n an elephant. The sparrw repeated his questin, but the king didn’t ____37____ him. The sparrw sat n the bridge, hungry and sad.
An ant came by. After he heard the sparrw’s stry, he went up t the elephant. “Tell the king t find that pr bird’s ____38____ , r I will g inside yur ear and bite yu!” The elephant stpped, turned t the king and said, “G help that sparrw, r I will thrw yu ff.” The king was ____39____ . He called the minister ver and the minister rdered the sldier. Then the sldier went ver t the farmer, “Find that bird’s bean, r I’ll kick yu ff this bridge!” The farmer ____40____ all day and as the sun was setting, he finally fund the bean. The sparrw was thankful, and he ate well fr the next week.
26．A．plantB．sellC．drpD．eat
27．A．hillB．riverC．treeD．frest
28．A．breakfastB．lunchC．supperD．dinner
29．A．lstB．feltC．madeD．fught
30．A．sleepingB．playingC．wrkingD．hiding
31．A．farmerB．sldierC．ministerD．king
32．A．Thank yuB．Excuse meC．I’m srryD．Cme n
33．A．myselfB．herselfC．yurselfD．himself
34．A．sameB．differentC．ppsiteD．cmmn
35．A．whileB．afterC．befreD．until
36．A．againB．almstC．alreadyD．always
37．A．get n withB．catch up withC．take ntice fD．think highly f
38．A．meatB．drinkC．fruitD．fd
39．A．scaredB．satisfiedC．excitedD．bred
40．A．regrettedB．thughtC．waitedD．searched
两年模拟演练
A
（2021·湖南长沙·长沙市开福区青竹湖湘一外国语学校校考三模）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
An ld man lived in a village. He was ne f the ___41___ peple in the wrld. He was always cmplaining (抱怨) abut things in his daily life. When peple tried t ___42___ the ld man, he wuld rudely drive them away. Peple gradually stayed away frm him ___43___ he made the rest f the village feel unhappy as well.
But ne day — the day he turned 80 years ld, a(n) ___44___ thing happened. The villagers said amng ___45___: “The ld man is different tday. We haven’t heard any cmplaints. He is ___46___ and his face lks kind.”
One f the villagers asked the ld man, “What happened t yu?”
“Nthing special has happened, in fact,” the ld man said. “Fr 80 years, I’ve been lking fr happiness, but it was n ___47___. And then I decided t live ___48___ lking fr happiness and just enjy the life at the mment. That’s why I’m happy nw.”
It is imprtant t realize that yur md (心情) can have a great ___49___ n thse peple arund yu. Everyne has bad days smetimes. If smene tries t help yu, dn’t be implite t them. Just try t accept their help. At the same time, ___50___ find happiness nly frm the utside, but lk within — enjy everything yu have gt.
41．A．rudestB．cleverestC．shyest
42．A．give upB．take upC．cheer up
43．A．butB．becauseC．if
44．A．unusualB．necessaryC．imprtant
45．A．himselfB．themselvesC．yurselves
46．A．shutingB．smilingC．sleeping
47．A．useB．chiceC．idea
48．A．inB．withutC．by
49．A．effrtB．successC．influence
50．A．neverB．ftenC．smetimes
B
（2021·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考三模）
Denny Crk was a famus phtgrapher (摄影师). He traveled all ver the wrld, taking pictures fr magazines and newspapers, and wn many prizes.
“I’ll d anything t get a gd pht,” he ften said. “I’ll g anywhere at any time, even if it is ____51____.”
And he tld the ____52____. He had phts f earthquakes, frest fires, flds and even wars. If smething interesting happened. Denny went t pht it.
He was a married man and his wife ften asked him t take her with him, but he always ____53____. “I’ll travel fr my wrk, nt fr ____54____,” he tld her. “Yu wn’t enjy yurself, and I wn’t have ____55____ t lk after yu. Smetimes there’s nt even anywhere t ____56____, and I have t sleep utside. I ften dn’t have a gd ____57____ r a bath fr days. Yu wn’t like it.”
“Denny, I’m nt a child,” his wife didn’t ____58____. “I can lk after myself. Please take me with yu the next time yu g verseas.”
Denny did nt say anything, but he ____59____ abut it, and when he was asked t g t Africa, he said t his wife, “Yu can g t Africa with me if yu want t. I’ll take phts f wild ____60____ there. It shuld be interesting and nt t uncmfrtable.”
His wife was very ____61____, and at first she had a very enjyable time.
Then Denny went ff t ____62____ sme lins t pht. His wife went with him, but befre lng they became separated (分开). She walked dwn ne path while he walked dwn the ther.
Suddenly, Denny heard her ____63____. He ran back and saw her running tward him. A huge lin was running after her.
Quickly Denny tk his camera ut f its case and ____64____ it at his wife and the lin.
Then he shuted, “____65____, wman! I can’t get yu bth in the picture!”
51．A．dangerusB．impssibleC．cnvenient
52．A．lieB．truthC．news
53．A．allwedB．jkedC．refused
54．A．luckB．prizeC．pleasure
55．A．mneyB．timeC．ability
56．A．stayB．wrkC．shp
57．A．picnicB．mealC．rm
58．A．agreeB．understandC．cmplain
59．A．wrriedB．frgtC．thught
60．A．landB．flwersC．animals
61．A．prudB．excitedC．surprised
62．A．findB．feedC．sht
63．A．singingB．cryingC．laughing
64．A．pintedB．threwC．shwed
65．A．Hurry upB．Lk utC．Slw dwn
1. 跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意。
2. 结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案。
3. 瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破。
4. 复读全文，逐空验证，弥补疏漏。