2023中考英语语法专项复习：词类

这是一份2023中考英语语法专项复习：词类，共59页。试卷主要包含了名词Nun，可数名词的复数，不可数名词的计量，名词所有格，可数名词与不可数名词的修饰词，比较级的修饰语，动词Verb，连词Cnjunctin等内容，欢迎下载使用。
中考英语语法专项复习：词类
名词Noun(n.)：表示人或事物的名称。如：boy / pencil / book
冠词Article(art.)：用在名称前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。如：a(an) / the
代词Pronoun(pron.)：用来代替名词、形容词或数词。如：we / that / his / what
形容词Adjective(adj.)：用以修饰名词、表示人或事物特征。如：old / red / fine
数词Numeral(num.)：表示数量或顺序。如：one / thirteen / first
动词Verb(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：look / go / be (am / is / are )
副词Adverb(adv.)：用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。如：not / too / here / often
介词Preposition(prep)：表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。如：in / on / of / to / under
连词Conjunction(conj.)：用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。如：and / or / but
感叹词Interjection(interj.)：表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。如：oh /hello / hi
一 名词Noun(n.)
名词表示人或事物的名称.
◆一 名词的分类
专有名词：John / China
普通名词：可数名词 个体名词：book / table / horse
集体名词：family / class / police
不可数名词 物质名词water / rice / snow
抽象名词：health / knowledge / love
◇ 专有名词: 表示具体的人、物、地点、节日等，通常由一个名词或一个词组构成:Jenny / Hong Kong / Christmas Day首字母要大写，但专有名词中的虚词（冠词、介词）的第一个字母不用大写:the Great Wall
◆二 可数名词（可以用数来计量）的复数
⒈ 规则变化
① 一般直接加-s .如：boy → boys cup → cups
② 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh,结尾加-es, 如：watch → watches box → boxes
③ 以“辅音字母+y ”结尾变y为i再加-es.如：story → stories baby → babies
④ 以f,fe结尾变f,fe为ves .如：knife → knives wife → wives thief → thieves
leaf → leaves scarf → scarves life → lives half → halves ﹡roof → roofs
⑤ 以o 结尾 加-s 如：radio → radios photo → photos piano → pianos
zoo → zoos
加-es 如：hero → heroes potato → potatoes tomato → tomatoes
英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿。
⒉ 不规则变化
① 单复数同形：sheep → sheep fish → fish Chinese → Chinese Japanese → Japanese deer → deer yuan → yuan ※dollar → dollars
② 只有复数形式：clothes glasses chopsticks goods trousers pants shorts
③ 特殊变化：child → children foot → feet tooth → teeth mouse → mice
man → men woman → women ※toothbrush → toothbrushes
④ 复合名词的复数形式：
a. 当有man和woman时，前后两部分都变成复数形式a man doctor → two men doctors
a woman teacher → three women teachers
b. 其他只变最后一个名词为复数形式 an apple tree → lots of apple trees beef and tomato noodles
◆三 不可数名词（不可以用数来计量）的计量
⒈ 可数名词表示具体的数量，可以直接用数词来修饰：two apples ten persons
⒉ 不可数名词必须与表示数量的名词连用，构成：数词+量词+of+不可数名词
a piece of bread two cups of coffee three glasses of milk four boxes of chalk five bags of rice six drops of water seven pieces of news eight pairs of glasses
◆四 名词所有格:表示名词之间的所有关系，连接两个名词
两种形式：’s所有格→Beijing is China’s capital.
of所有格→Beijing is the capital of China.
⒈ 有生命名词所有格：一般加-’s. Tom’s desk Children’s Day
以s结尾的复数名词只加’ teachers’ office students’ books
※ 如果一样东西为两人共同所有，则在最后一个名词上加-’s（共有）This is Mary and Lily’s room . / He is Tom and Tim’s father .
如果表示各自所有，则两个名词词尾分别加-’s（分别有）These are Mary’s and Lily’s rooms./These are Tom’s and Tim’s books .
⒉ 无生命名词所有格 : 名词+of+名词 the map of China / the door of the room
※ 双重所有格
of +名词所有格：He is friend of my brother’s .
of+名词性物主代词：This is a book of mine .
◆五 可数名词与不可数名词的修饰词
修饰可数名词：many / a few / few (There are many trees .)
修饰不可数名词：much / a little / little (We have much homework to do .)
共有的：some / any / a lot of / lots of /plenty of
提问：可数名词→How many bananas do you need ?
不可数名词→How much yogurt do you need ?
※ 不可数名词没有复数形式，不能用a,an修饰，也不能用many,few,several等修饰。不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数。如：The honey is very sweet .
※ 有些名词需要用复数形式作定语。
a clothes shop sports meeting glasses store
◇ 名词的句法功能
作主语：Math is my favorite subject .
作宾语：I bought a computer last year .
作表语：He is a clever student .
作宾补：We call him Uncle Wang .
作定语：There’re some apple trees over there .
作状语：I go to school every day .
作呼语：Hello ,boys and girls .
练习
一． 用所给词的正确形式填空。
1. We want to go to the __________ (great wall) .
2. How many ________ (chicken) are there under the tree ?
3. He likes ________ (chicken) very much , It’s very nice .
4. There are two ________ (mouse) in the cage .
5. The doctor saved their ________ (life) .
6. The child has two ________ (tooth) .
7. I have some good _______ (news) for you .
8. There is a group of _______ (fish) in the water .
9. These are _________ (German) .
10. She has many __________ (girl friend) .
11. We want to have some __________ (man teacher) in our school .
12. Please give me some _________ (advice) .
13. I have a lot of ________ (money) .
14. We want two ______ (cup) of ______ (tea) .
15. These are ________ (children) clothes .
16. This room is ______________ (my brother and I) .
17. These books are ______________ (Kate and her sister) .
18. I have a cold I have to go to the _________ (doctor) .
19. Is this Tom’s coat or _________ (Bob) ?
20. There will be a ________ (sport) meeting next week .
21. There is some ________ (meat)on the table .
22. Today is _________　（woman）Day .
23. There are many _________ (visit) to come to my hometown every year .
24. We want to do some ________ (shop) on Sunday .
25. Walking is good for our _________ (healthy) .
26. He is a famous _________ (music) .
27. The boy is in ________ (dangerous) .
28. You can see many _________ (leaf) on the ground in autumn .
29. Who is the __________ (win) of the game .
30. There are _________ (hundred) of people there .
二． 单项选择
1.Sheep _____ white and milk _____ also white .
A. is ; are B. are ; s C. are ; are
2. How wonderful ! The _____ is made of _____ .
A. house ; glass B. house ; glasses C. houses ; glass
3. _____ are made of _____ .
A. Glass ; glasses B. Glasses ; glasses C. Glasses ; glass
4. _____ room is next to their parents’ .
A. Kate and Joan B. Kate’s and Joan’s C. Kate and Joan’s
5. There are few _____ in the fridge , Let’s go and buy some peas , carrots and cabbages .
A. vegetables B. meat C. fruit
6.Yangpu Bridge is one of _____ in the world .
A. the biggest bridge B. the biggest bridges C. bigger bridges
7. Look ! There are some _____ on the floor .
A . water B . child C. boxes
8. I’m hungry, Please give me _____.
A. a piece of bread B. two pieces of breads C. some breads
9. Jack bought a _____ in a shoe shop yesterday.
A. pair of shoes B. pairs of shoes C. pair of shoe
10. I meet some _____ in the park and talked with them the other day .
A. Japaneses B. Americans C. Chineses
11. I have three pen pal, One is _____, the other two are _____ .
A. Japanese; America B. Canada; America C. English; Frenchmen
12. Both Tom and Jim are _____.
A. men teachers B. men teacher C. man teachers
13. He spent _____ doing the whole thing.
A. one and two days B. one or two days C. one day and two
14. _____ live at 78 Fenghuang Street.
A. White B. The Whites C . The White
15. Please pass me _____.
A. two piece of paper B. two pieces of paper C. two pieces of papers
16. In autumn _____ turn yellow.
A. leaf and grass B. leaves and grasses C. leaves and grass
17. Some _____ came to our school for a visit that day.
A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany
18. Young people should make _____ for old people on the bus.
A .room B. rooms C. the room
19. The football under the bed is _____.
A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily and Lucy’s C. Lily’s and Lucy’s
20. Your shoes are worn out, You’d better buy a new _____ .
A. new B. pair C .shoes
21. I’m not feeling well now, I’ve had_____.
A. cold B. a headache C .the headache
22. You’d better do morning _____ every day , It’s good to have lots of _____ .
A. exercise; exercise B. exercises ; exercise C. exercises ; exercises
23. More than _____ lived there two _____ ago.
A. hundred of people; hundreds years
B. hundreds of people; hundred years
C. hundreds of people; hundreds years
24. Tom’s handwriting is better than any other _____ in his class .
A .students B . student’s C .students’
25. The hospital is a bit far from here, It’s about _____ .
A. forty minutes’ walk B. forty minutes walk
C. forty minute’s walk
26. How much are the _____?
A. meat B. apple C .apples
27. Jim went to a _____ to buy a pair of shoes.
A. shoes stores B. shoes store C. shoe store
28. This is not my book, but my _____.
A. brother’s B .brother C. brothers’
29. We need two teaspoon of _____.
A. honeys B .yogurt C. milks
30.It’s about _____ walk from my house to school .
A. ten minutes B. ten minutes’ C. ten minute’s
31. The old man is lonely, He made a ______ by selling newspapers.
A. living B. life C. live
32. Can you give me _____ on how to learn English well?
A. a good advice B .some advice C .any advices
33. Take _____! The car nearly hit you.
A. careful B. care C. carefully
34. September 10th is ______ in China.
A. Teacher’s Day B. Teachers’ Day C. Teachers Day
35. I’d like to drink _____ .
A. beers B. some wine C. sugar
二 冠词Article(art.)
冠词是一种虚词，放于名词前，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词不能单独使用，在句中不重读。冠词分不定冠词a/an和定冠词the两种。
◆一 不定冠词及用法
a/an 是不定冠词，a用在以辅音开头的单词前: a boy a road
an用在以元音开头的单词前: an hour an old man
①泛指某一类的人或物。如：A panda is very lovely .熊猫很可爱。 .
②第一次提到某人或某物时。如：I have a book .我有一本书。
③表示一这个数量，没有one强烈。如：I have a month, a nose and two eyes . 我有一张嘴、一个鼻子和两只眼睛。
④用于某些固定词组中。如：a few 有一些 / a little 一点儿/ a lot of 许多/ have a good time玩得开心
◆二 定冠词the的用法
①特指某人或某物。如：The man in the car is Mr. Smith .车里的人是史密斯先生。
②指谈话双方都知道的人或物。如：Open the door , please .请打开窗户。
③指上文已经提到过的人或物。如: She has a son , the son works in Beijing .她有一个儿子，他在北京工作。
④用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：The sun is bigger than the earth .太阳比地球大。
⑤用在序数词和形容词最高级前。如：the first lesson 第一课 / the tallest girl 最高的女孩
⑥用在普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Great Wall 长城 / the Yellow River黄河/ the Summer Palace 颐和园 / the United States美国
⑦用在姓的复数形式前表示“一家人”。如：the Smiths are going to Qingdao for a vacation .史密斯一家打算去青岛度假。
⑧用于形容词前表示一类人或事物。如：the rich有钱人 / the poor 穷人/ the old 老年人/ the young 年轻人/ the blind盲人
⑨用在乐器名词前。如：Can you play the guitar ?你会弹吉他吗？
⑩用在一些习惯语中。如：in the morning在上午/ on the left 在左边 / by the way顺便说一下/ all the year round一整年/ in the open air在户外/ at the same time同时/ all the time一直/ in the end最后；终于/ the day after tomorrow后天/ in the future在将来
◆三 不用冠词的情况
在英语中，不用冠词的现象称作零冠词。
① 如果名词前已经有指示代词（this / that / these / those）、形容词性物主代词（my / his / our …）或名词所有格等限定词，不用冠词。如：
A. This is my pen . 这是我的笔。
B. Do you like that coat ?你喜欢那件外套吗？
C. These are Rose’s books .这些事罗斯的书。
② 表示语言、学科、三餐、球类运动、棋类运动的名词前，不用冠词。如：
语言：Chinese / English / French / Russian / Japanese …
学科：maths / history / biology / geography …
三餐：breakfast / lunch / supper / dinner
球类：football / basketball / tennis / baseball …
棋类：chess /Chinese chess …
③ 表示星期、月份、季节、节日的名词前不用冠词。如：
星期：Sunday / Monday / Tuesday …
月份：January / February / March …
季节：spring / summer / autumn / winter
节日：Teachers’ Day / Children’s Day …
④ 表示人名、国名、称呼语或头衔等的专有名词前不用冠词。如：
A. Lucy is a nice girl .露西是一个还女孩。
B. Captain Cook is very popular .库克船长很受欢迎。
※ 以下国家名称前用the：the United States / the U. S. / The U. S. A.美国 the United Kingdom / the U. K.英国
⑤某些固定词组中不用冠词。如：at home在家 / by train 乘火车/ go to school 去上学/on time准时 / day and night 日日夜夜/ at first 起初/ at work 在工作/ go to bed上床睡觉/ on foot步行
◆四 以元音音素开头的字母：Aa / Ee / Ff / Hh / Ii / Ll / Mm / Nn / Oo / Ss / Xx (11个)
◆五 初中阶段以元音音素开头的单词（短语）
an apple an orange an hour an elephant an egg an umbrella an eraser an aunt an uncle
an animal an actor an artist an island an onion an ID card an unusual man an eleven boy
an old man an action movie an amusement park an interesting story an English book
an eight-year-old boy an honest boy an exam an exciting job an Ice and Snow Festival an award an organization an ad an example
※ a useful book
※ 特别提示：有些短语用定冠词与不用定冠词意义不同。
in front of 在…前面→外部 at table就餐 in bed躺在床上
in the front of 在…前部→内部 at the table坐在桌子旁边 in the bed在床上
on horse骑着马 on earth究竟 on shore 在岸上
on the horse在马背上 on the earth在地球上 on the shore 在岸边
练习
一．用a , an , the填空，不需要填的用“/”表示。
1. There is _____ book on the desk. _____ book is mine .
2. There are seven days in _____ week.
3. _____ more careful you are, _____ better you will do.
4. _____ milk is good for our health.
5. He often goes to his school on _____foot.
6. Shanghai is _____ biggest city of China.
7. December 25th is _____ Christmas Day.
8. Children needn’t go to _____ school on ______ Sunday .
9. We always have _____ rice for ______ lunch.
10. Do you need _____ umbrella?
11. Are you all in _____ same school?
12. There is _____ “ h ” and _____ “ o ” in the word “ hour ” .
13. I heard somebody playing _____ piano in _____ next room.
14. We should be kind to _____ old.
15. They are going to have _____ supper with _____ Browns tonight.
16. That evening _____ Browns had _____ nice supper.
17. What _____ important piece of news it is!
18. _____ horse is _____ useful animal.
19. Our teacher has ______ 8-year-old daughter, She is very clever.
20. I am reading _____ novel, It is _____ interesting story.
21. What _____ nice day! Let’s go out and have _____ walk .
22. I have _____ cat and _____ cat is black.
23. It is very cold in _____ winter.
24. Some _____ boys are playing football.
25. _____ boy is my brother.
26. Your _____ bag is dirty.
27. Please open _____ window.
28. I prefer going by ____ sea to going in _____ train.
29. Who is _____ woman in _____ car?
30. She is always _____ first to get to the classroom.
31. I like playing _____ basketball , but I don’t like playing _____ piano .
32. I think English is _____ useful subject. Do you think so?
33. He had _____ egg and _____ glass of milk for _____ breakfast.
34. – Who is _____ boy ?
- He is my _____ best friend.
35. Does Bob come from _____U. S. or _____ Australia?
36. Linda works in _____ hospital. She says that Grandpa Zhang was in _____ hospital.
37. How do you go to work, by _____ bus or on _____ bike?
二．单项选择
1. _____ book on the desk is _____ English book.
A. The; an B. The; a C . A; the D . A; an
2. Liu Hong studies in _____ university in Beijing. She is _____ honest girl .
A .an; a B. an; an C. a ; an D. a ; a
3. In _____ summer of 1994 she went to America to go on with her study .
A. a B. / C. the D. an
4. I often go to _____ cinema with Tom . And we often have _____ good time there .
A. the ; a B. the ; / C. a ; a D. / ; /
5. She wrote _____ e-mail to me . so I knew that she bought _____ MP4 yesterday .
A.a ; an B. an ; a C. an ; an D. a ; a
三 代词Pronoun(pron.)
代词用来代替名词、形容词或数词。
◆一 人称代词、物主代词及反身代词。
人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
I me my mine myself
you you your yours yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
we us our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourselves
they them their theirs themselves
◇ 用法
⒈ 主格用来作主语: I like English .
⒉ 宾格用来作宾语： She told me a story yesterday .
⒊ 形容词性物主代词用来作定语，相当于一个形容词，放于名词前：my computer / our school
⒋ 名词性物主代词起名词的作用：- Whose ruler is this ? - It’s mine . ( mine = my ruler )
⒌ 反身代词作宾语，放于及物动词、介词之后：The girl is so old that she can look after herself .
反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语起强调作用，可以放主语、宾语后，也可以放句末：I can do it myself .
※ ① 人称代词并列使用时的顺序 → 巧学妙记：单数231，复数123，承担责任“我”在前。
单数 顺序：第二、第三、第一人称
如：you and he / you and I / you , he and I
复数 顺序：第一、第二、第三人称
如：we and you / we and they / we , you and they
第三人称单数的顺序是：he and she
※ ② 形容词性物主代词 + 名词 = 名词性物主代词 →This isn’t my dictionary , mine is over there . mine=my dictionary
※ ③ 常与反身代词连用的短语。
⒈ enjoy oneself = have a good time = have fun (玩得开心、过得愉快)
⒉ dress oneself (up) (自己穿衣服)
⒊ hurt / cut oneself (伤了自己)
⒋ learn … by oneself = teach oneself (自学…)
⒌ say to oneself (自言自语)
⒍ help oneself to sth (随便吃些…)
一．用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空。
1. My name is Jack , _____ am thirteen . _____ father is a doctor . _____ is forty . _____ hobby is reading books . _____ mother is a teacher . _____ often teaches _____ English . I like _____ .and _____ like _____ .
2. –Excuse me ! Is this bike _____ ?
-No , it isn’t _____ . It’s Tom’s sister’s , It’s _____ .
3. I have a cat . _____ name is Mimi . _____ likes eating fish and meat .
4. – Are these books Jack’s ?
- Let _____ see . Oh , yes , they are _____ .
5. He taught _____ English last year . We all like _____ classes .
二．反身代词练习：
① Xiao Dong likes _____ _____ _____ .
② The small girl is too young to _____ _____ .
③ The children _____ _____ on Children’s Day .
④ He _____ French _____ _____ . = He _____ _____ French .
⑤ _____ _____ _____ some fish , Ann !
⑥ Be careful with that knife ,or you will _____ _____ .
◆二 指示代词
单数
复数
this
these
that
those

指示代词在句中作主语、宾语、表语，也可以代替形容词作定语。如：This is my pen .→ These are my pens .
These students will go hiking .
※ 打电话时常用this指代“我”，用that指代“你”。如：This is Mary speaking , Who is that ? (我是玛丽，你是谁？)
◆三 疑问代词是用来引导特殊疑问句的，有who, whom(宾格),whose, what, which.其中who/whom只能指人，what/which指物。
1. who / whom / whose
who只能指人，如：Who is the young man ?
whom指人，只能作宾语。如：Whom do you know ?
Whose是who的所有格形式。如：Whose book is on the desk ?
2. what / which
what一般指物。如：What are these ?
which指人或物。如：Which do you like better , the red one or the blue one ?
※ what 与who开头的疑问词都可以指人，what一般问人的职业，who一般问人的身份。
如：-What is his father ? -Who is he ?
-He is a policeman . –He is my father .
※ what 可用于询问姓名、职业、年龄、日期、星期、价格、时间、数量、爱好、运算结果等。如：
① What’s your name ? 你叫什么名字？
② What’s the age of you ? = How old are you ? 你几岁了？
③ What’s your job ? = What do you do ? = W hat are you ? 你的职业是什么？
④ What’s your hobby ? 你的爱好是什么？
⑤ What’s the price of this computer ? = How much is this computer ? 这台电脑多少钱？
⑥ What time is it ? = What’s the time ? 几点了？
⑦ What’s the population in China ? 中国有多少人口？
⑧ What day is it today ? 今天星期几？ / What’s the date ? 今天几号？
⑨ What’s your address ? 你的地址是什么？
⑩ What’s ten and two ? 10加2等于多少？
一．用适当的疑问代词填空。
1．- _____ is the man?
- He is my uncle.
2. - _____ does your father do?
- He’s an engineer .
3. - _____ glasses are these?
- I don’t know .
4. - _____ did you do yesterday?
- I watched T .
5. With _____ is your mother talking?
◆四 不定代词
some通常用于肯定句，但期望得到对方的肯定回答也用some。
①一些：修饰可数、不可数名词 如：Would you like some coffee?
any用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。如：I don’t have any ideas .
②都，全部：both指两个人或物 → neither
all指三个以上的人或物 → none
either指两者中任何一个，作主语，谓语用单数形式。
③许多：many 修饰可数名词复数
much 修饰可数名词复数
④少：few → a few 修饰可数名词
↓ ↓
little → a little修饰不可数名词
↓ ↓
否定：很少 肯定：有几个，有一些
⑤每一：each强调“个别”，可以单独使用，可修饰单数名词或跟of结构，作主语、宾语和同位语。
every强调“整体”，可修饰单数名词，相当于汉语的“每个都”，只作定语。
⑥ one … the other 一个…另一个
some … others 一些…另一些 （另一些并不包括全部）
some … the others 一些…其他的（其他的包括剩下的全部）
another 再一，又一 （表示不确定数目中的另一个），一般接单数名词。
⑦复合不定代词

every-
some-
any-
no-
-thing
everything
________
________
________
-one
________
someone
________
no one
-body
________
________
________
________
※ 不定代词作主语，谓语用单数形式。如：Is anyone here ? 有人吗？
不定代词 + adj . 如：I have something important to tell you .
练习：
一．用所给的不定代词填空
A . some / any
1. I have _____ good friends.
2. There isn’t _____ drink in the fridge . I have to buy _____ .
3. May I ask you _____ questions?
4. – Would you please pass me _____ salt ?
- Sorry , there isn’t _____ .
5. _____ students like listening to pop music.
B. many / much
1. How _____ did the bike cost you?
2. How _____ water do you need?
3. Today I am busy. I have _____ homework to do.
4. You are getting fatter. You can’t eat too _____ meat .
5. There are _____ people in the museum.
C. few / a few / little / a little
1. – Can you speak French ?
- Yes, but just ______ .
2. There is _____ milk in the bottle .Please get some for me.
3. I think I will stay there for ______ days.
4. He looks sad, because he has ______ friends here .
5. There is ______ honey in the glass, isn’t there ?
D. all / both / none / neither / either
1. -Which coat do you like better , the green one or the yellow one ?
-Sorry, I like _____ of them. I like blue.
2. My parents are _____ teachers .We are _____ very busy.
3. I have many books, but _____ of them are about cooking.
4. –Which do you like best , tea , coffee or juice ?
-_____ . I like beer best.
5. – Whose answer is right , Tom’s or mine ?
-Sorry, _____ of them is right.
6. There are many flowers on _____ sides of the road.
7. My father doesn’t like pop music. My mother doesn’t like it . _____ .
8. – When can I meet you , on Monday or Tuesday ?
- ______ of them is OK . I’m free .
E. each / every
1. I must go to school ______ day.
2. _____ of them has a computer.
3. You can have an apple _____.
4. _____ of them knows the news.
5. _____ one must be here on time.
F. one … the other / some … others / some … the others / another
1. I bought two bottles of water. _____ is for you, and ________ is for my sister .
2. There are seven people here . Two of them come from the USA. _________ are from Australia.
3. We are cleaning the classroom. Some are cleaning the windows. Some are sweeping the floor, and _______ are cleaning the desks and chairs.
4. I don’t like this one . Can you get me _____ one?
G. something / anything / everything / nothing
1. I have ________ to tell you.
2. ________ is ready .We can have dinner.
3. There isn’t ________ interesting in today’s newspaper.
4. Yesterday I went shopping, but I bought ________, because there were too many people there .
5. – Can I do ________ for you ?
- That’s very kind of you .
H. somebody / anybody / everybody / nodody
1. Listen, _______ is knocking at the door.
2. –Is there ________ in the room ?
-No, ________ is here.
3. Is ________ here today?
4. ________ will come to see you. Please wait here.
5. ________ can pass the exam if he works hard.
二．单项选择
1. Pass the knife to _____, please , My pencil is broke .
A. I B. my C. me
2. Yesterday I saw _____ enjoy _____ in the park.
A. them; themselves B. them; themself C. they; themselves
3. - _____ does your mother do?
- She is a nurse.
A. What B. When C. Which
4. He knows ______ English but he has _____ English friends.
A. little; a few B. little; few C. a few; little
5. – Which sweater do you prefer, the yellow one or the pink one?
- _____ . I like a light blue one.
A. Either B. Both C . Neither
6. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, _____ is a teacher.
A .another B. the other C. other
7. There is _____ in today’s newspaper .
A. new anything B .something new C. new something
8. – Can you do it by _____ , Kate ?
- I think so.
A. you B. yourself C. yourselves
9. The questions are so difficult that _____ students can answer them .
A. few B. a few C .a little
10. We bought _____ a car.
A. us B .ours C. our
11. His handwriting is better than _____.
A. her B. hers C. she
12. Mike is stronger than _____ in his class.
A. any boys B. any other boy C. any boy
13. This is _____ bag, and _____ is over there.
A. your; his B. his; your C. me; me
14. His parents are _____ doctors.
A. each B. all C. both
15. We can’t leave the children by _____ .
A. they B .themselves C. them
16. _____ was snowing when we reached the school.
A. The sky B. It C .The weather
17. – Hello . May I speak to Jim, please?
–_____ ?
A. Who are you B. Who’s that C. Who is he
18. Today , _____trees are still being cut down in the world .
A. much too B. too much C .too many
19. There are many trees on _____ side of the street.
A. both B .either C. neither
20. _____ likes ice cream.
A. Every children B. Every child C . All children
21. These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me _____ one.
A .the other B. another C. others
22. – Would you like some tea with sugar or milk, sir?
–No, I’d like tea with _____ in it.
A. something B. nothing C. everything
23. Everyone in our class has gone hiking except _____. I have a sore leg.
A. I B. me C. mine
24. We find _____ impossible to get there before 8 o’clock .
A. this B. it C .that
25. There is a book on the floor. Whose is _____?
A. he B. she C. it
26. It was raining so hard that _____ of her feet were wet.
A. all B. every C. both
27. Kate lost _____ keys. _____ asked _____ for help.
A. her; She; I B. her; She; me C. hers; She; me
28. Who teaches _____ French?
A. them B .they C. their
29. The teacher asked _____ to clean the classroom.
A. you, she and I B . I, you and she C .you, she and me
30. – Hello ,may I speak to David ?
– Speaking. Who _____ ?
– _____ John.
A. are you; I’m B. is that; I’m C. is that; This is
31. - _____ girl is your pen pal?
- The one in red.
A. Whose B. Who C . Which
32. I don’t have _____ money . Could you please lend me _____?
A. any ; some B .any ; any C .some ; any
三．翻译句子，每空一词。
1.孩子们，请随便吃些水果。
Help _____ _____ some fruit , children .
2.你将要和谁一起度假？
_____ _____ are you going to take a vacation ?
3.吉姆发现学好汉语有点难。
Jim found _____ a little difficult _____ _____ Chinese well .
4.如果你有问题，可以问我。
If you have _____ _____ , you can ask me .
5.教室里有许多孩子，一些在读书，其他的在写字。
There are _____ children in the classroom. _____ are reading, and _____ are writing.
四．按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. We had a good time in Hangzhou last week .（改为同义句）
We _____ _____ in Hangzhou last week .
2. My brother is teaching himself now .（改为同义句）
My brother is _____ _____ _____ now .
3. That is my English book .（改为同义句）
That is an English book _____ _____ .
4. Li Ping is tall with a pair of glasses .（对划线部分提问）
_____ does Li Ping _____ _____ ?
5. The population of Shandong Province is over 90 million .（对划线部分提问）
_____ _____ the population of Shandong Province ?
6. Both you and he have been to the Great Wall .（改为否定句）
_____ you _____ he _____ been to the Great Wall .
7. All of us run in the park every morning .（改为否定句）
_____ of us _____ in the park every morning .
四 形容词Adjective(adj.)和副词Adverb(adv.)
◆一 形容词
形容词用以修饰名词、表示人或事物特征。在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语等。
（一）作定语
1.如果几个形容词修饰一个名词，其顺序为：限定词（my / the / this / some / two）+ 性质（lovely / bad）+ 大小 + 形状、新旧、年龄 + 颜色 + 地方 + 材料 + 用途类别 + 中心名词。如：She has beautiful long curly blonde hair . / a fine old stone bridge / some lovely little black birds
2.形容词作定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但修饰不定代词时常放在所修饰词之后。如：This is an interesting story . / I have something important to tell you .
(二) 作表语
1．The classroom is big and bright.
2. 有少数形容词一般只能作表语，不能作定语。
alone单独的 awake醒着的 afraid害怕的
well身体健康的 asleep睡着的 alive活着的
3. 一些连系动词后也可以接形容词作表语。
look看上去 sound 听起来 get变得 turn变得 become变得 grow变得 feel感觉 taste 尝起来 seem看上去 stay保持 keep 保持 remain保持 appear显得
(三) 作宾语补足语
Who left the door open?
(四) the + 形容词：表示一类人或物。如果指人，作主语时为复数，指事物时为单数。如：The old are taken good care of.
◆二 副词
副词用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。
(一) 副词的位置
1. 副词在句中的位置较灵活，可放句首、句中或句末。一般的，多数副词放在动词后面。但very / much / still / almost等程度副词常放在修饰词之前。always / often等频率副词放在行为动词之前、系动词、情态动词、助动词之后。如：He is often late for school.
2. 多个副词同时出现的次序通常为：方式副词—地点副词—时间副词。如：She went to work by bus in Beijing last year.
(二) 副词的作用
1. 作状语 It’s raining hard .
2. 作表语 Class is over .
3. 作定语 The workers here are hard-working .
◆三 形容词怎样变副词
1. 大多数形容词在词尾加-ly。如：careful-carefully quick-quickly
2. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，把y变成i，再加-ly。如：easy-easily happy-happily lucky-luckily
3. 以“元音字母+e”结尾的形容词，去e再加-ly。如：true-truly
4. 以le结尾的形容词，去e再加-y。如：possible-possibly simple-simply
※ 少数以-ly结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词。如：friendly(友好的) lonely(孤独的) lovely(可爱的)等。
◆四 形容词和副词的等级
大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级（即原形）、比较级、最高级。比较级表示两者（人或事物）的比较，最高级表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较，形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，而副词最高级前加不加都可以。
（一）规则变化
1. 一般在词尾加-er / -est . 如：
原级
比较级
最高级
small
smaller
smallest
high
higher
highest

2. 以不发音字母e结尾的，在词尾加-r / -st .如:
原级
比较级
最高级
nice
nicer
nicest
large
larger
largest

3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，把y变成i，再加-er / -est .如：
原级
比较级
最高级
easy
easier
easiest
happy
happier
happiest

4. 以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er / -est .如：
原级
比较级
最高级
big
bigger
biggest
hot
hotter
hottest

5. 部分双音节词和多音节词，在其前加more / most .如：
原级
比较级
最高级
popular
more popular
most popular
delicious
more delicious
most delicious

（二）不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good / well better best
many / much more most
bad / ill / badly worse worst
little less least
far farther / further farthest / furthest
old older / elder年长的 oldest / eldest
◆五 形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法
1. 同级比较 肯定as +形容词/副词原级+ as (…与…一样…)
否定 not as / so +形容词/副词原级+ as (…不如…) 如：
①He is as tall as I .他和我一样高。 ②He runs as fast as I .他和我跑得一样快。
③This ruler is not as / so long as that one .这把尺子没有那把长。
2. too…to… (太…不能…) 如：It’s too hot to do anything .天气太热以至于不能做任何事。
3. …enough to… (足以干…) 如：He is old enough to go to school.
4. A+比较级+than+B (A比B…) 如：
①The earth is bigger than the moon .地球比月球大。
②He works harder than we .他比我们工作更努力。
5. （越来越…）比较级+ and +比较级
more and more+原级 如：
①When spring comes , the days are getting longer and longer .当春天来临时，白天变得越来越长。
②This song is getting more and more popular .这首歌变得越来越流行了。
6. The +比较级…，the +比较级…（越…就越…）如：
①The harder you study , the better grades you will get .你学习越努力，就越能取得好成绩。
②The more you have , the more you want .你拥有的越多，想要的也就越多。
7. Which / Who…+比较级，A or B ? (A和B，谁更…？) 如：
①Which is cheaper , the T-shirt or the shirt ?T恤和衬衣，哪个更便宜？
②Who runs faster , Tom or Jim ?汤姆和吉姆，谁跑得更快？
8. the +最高级+ in（of, among） … (最…) 如：
①Ann is the tallest in our class.安是我们班上最高的。
②China is the greatest in the world .
9. 比较级+than any (other)… 用比较级的句式表示最高级的意思 如：
①Rose is taller than any other student in her class .罗斯比班上任何其他学生都高。意思是她是班上个子最高的
10. one of the +最高级+名词复数 (最…之一) 如：
①The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China .黄河是中国最长的河流之一。
②Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers in Taiwan .周杰伦是台湾最受欢迎的歌手之一。
11. Which / Who+…（the）+最高级，A ，B or C ? A、B和C，哪个（谁）最…？ 如：
①Which is the biggest , the sun , the earth or the moon ?太阳、月亮和地球，哪个最大？
②Who runs (the) fastest , Kate , Tom or Mike ?谁跑得最快，凯特、汤姆还是迈克？
12. the +序数词+形容词最高级+名词单数 第几…的… 如：
The Changjiang River is the first longest river in our country .长江是我国第一长河。
◆六 比较级的修饰语
比较级前可加much / a little / a bit / even / far / still等来修饰，说明程度，但不可用very / quite / rather / too / so 等修饰。如：
①It is much colder today than yesterday .今天比昨天冷得多。
②My apple is a little bigger than yours .我的苹果比你的大点儿。
练习
一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级
strong ________ ________ high ________ ________
slowly ________ ________ quickly ________ ________
badly ________ ________ well ________ ________
much ________ ________ far ________ ________
busy ________ ________ fat ________ ________
fine ________ ________ clever ________ ________
angry ________ ________ sad ________ ________
old ________ ________ often ________ ________
few ________ ________ empty ________ ________
二、将下列形容词变为副词
loud ______ usual ______ final ______ real ______
lucky ______ fast ______ busy ______ early ______
polite ______ certain ______ near ______
三、将下列名词变为形容词
cloud ______ wind ______ sun ______ care ______
danger ______ thank ______ worry ______ help ______
friend ______ noise ______ death ______ health ______
China ______
四、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Which kind of meat is __________ (popular) in China, beef, pork or chicken?
2. Summer is __________ (hot) season of the year.
3. Shanghai is one of __________ (big) cities in the world.
4. I think English is __________ (interesting) than math.
5. He doesn’t run as ______ (fast) as you.
6. The Yellow River is the second ________ (long) river in China, and it is one of the ________ (long) rivers in the world.
7. Which problem is __________ (difficult), this one or that one?
8. Tom comes to school ________ (early) than him.
9. Of all the workers, he is __________ (busy).
10. Try your ______ (well) and you can do ______ (well) in English.
11. Our city is becoming _____ and __________ (beautiful).
12. Who is ________ (tall), the girl or the boy?
13. This song is __________ (popular) than that one, I think.
14. Lin Ming is one of __________ (good) students in our class.
15. Tom, you’re too fat! You must take ________ (much) exercise and eat ________ (little) meat.
16. Lucy works as ________ (hard) as Lily. I think they can both get good grades.
17. In our city, it’s ________ (hot) in July, but it is even ________ (hot) in August.
18. Mary works __________ (carefully) in our class.
19.Which of the twins runs ______ (fast) ?
20. Congratulations! It’s a very ________ (success) performance .
21. ________ (luck), he was not badly hurt.
22. Have you found your ________ (lose) car?
23. I think this CD player is ________ (help) to learn English.
24. She couldn’t fall ________ (sleep) last night.
25. Lucy is a ________ (forget) girl. She often leaves her book at home.
26. The oranges taste ______ (good).
27. He spoke ________ (loud) and _______ (clear).
28. To cross the road is __________ (danger) for the children.
29. Be _________ (quickly)! Or you’ll be late .
30. Thomas Edison was ________ in science when he was very young. He thought it was very ________(interest) .
五、单项选择
1. Li Ming is five. He is _____ to _____ himself.
A. too old; dress B .old enough; dress C. enough old; wear
2. It’s _____ cheaper to travel by train than by plane .
A. much B. very C. too
3. The old man was _____ weak _____ look after himself.
A. too; to B .so; that C. so; to
4. I think this book is as _____ as that one.
A. use B. more useful C. useful
5. –Can you tell me how to keep healthy ?
-You should eat _____ fast food, _____ vegetables and take enough exercise .
A. fewer; more B. less; fewer C. less; more
6. John is much shorter than his sister, but he jumps _____ she does.
A. as best as B. as high as C. as higher as
7. They’re going to build a school for _____ .
A. the blind B. blind C. the blinds
8. This kind of shirt looks _____ and sells _____.
A. nice; well B. good; good C. well; nice
9. Drinking milk can help us to keep _____ .
A. health B .healthy C .healthily
10. The suit was _____ expensive that I couldn’t afford it .
A. very B. so C .too
11. The old writer lives _____, but he doesn’t feel _____ .
A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. lonely ; lonely
12. Jack doesn’t run _____ to catch the bus .
A. enough fast B. quickly enough C. slowly enough
13. This year our school is _____ than it was last year.
A. much more beautiful B. much beautiful C .the most beautiful
14. – The more English newspapers you read , _____ you will do in your English .
- Thanks a lot.
A. the more B .the better C .the well
15. His English is as _____ as his Chinese.
A. good B. well C. better
16. When I retire , I’ll move _____ .
A. anywhere quiet B. somewhere quiet C. to somewhere quiet
17. He jumps _____ farther than I.
A. very B. quite C. much
18. Shanghai is larger than _____ in India.
A. any other city B. any city C. any other cities
19. Jimmy often eats _____ meat, so he is _____ fat now.
A. too much; much too B. much too; too much C. too many; much too
20. Li Gang is _____ of the two brothers.
A. more careful B. the more careful C .the most careful
(比较范围用了“of the two …”时，比较级前要加the。)
六、翻译句子，每空一词
1. 他起床足够早，赶上了早班车。
He got up _____ _____ to catch the early bus .
2. 我们的家乡变得越来越美丽了。
Our hometown is getting _____ _____ _____ _____ .
3. 在考试中，你越细心，出的错就越少。
In the exam , _____ _____ _____ you are , _____ _____ mistakes you’ll make .
4. 冬天，广州的天气比北京的天气暖和。
The weather in Guangzhou is _____ _____ that in Beijing in winter .
七、按要求改写句子，每空一词
1. She usually goes to school on foot .（对划线部分提问）
_____ _____ she usually _____ to school ?
2. Robots will help people do chores in 50 years . （对划线部分提问）
_____ _____ will robots help people do chores ?
3. Tom is thirteen . Jim is thirteen , too .（改为同义句）
Tom is _____ _____ _____ Jim .
4. Wang Tao runs fastest in our class . （改为同义句）
Wang Tao runs _____ than _____ _____ _____ in our class .
5. I don’t think that music is as interesting as art . （改为同义句）
I think that music is _____ interesting _____ art .
6. He’s already seen this film .（改为否定句）
He _____ seen this film _____ .
五 数词Numeral(num.)
数词可分：基数词：表示数目的多少
序数词：表示数目的顺序
◆一 基数词的构成
1. 1-12为独立的单词，有其各自的形式。如：
one two three four five six
seven eight nine ten eleven twelve
2. 13-19都以-teen结尾，单词中的两个音节都要重读。如：
thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen
seventeen eighteen nineteen /
3. 20-90之间的“整十”都以-ty结尾，单词中的第一个音节重读。如：
twenty thirty forty fifty
sixty seventy eighty ninety
4. 20-99之间的“几十几”，十位和个位之间要加连字符。如：
22 twenty-two 35 thirty-five
5. 101-999之间的非整百得基数词的读法为：百位数 + and + 十位数（个位数）。如：
156-one hundred and fifty-six 709-seven hundred and nine
◆二 基数词的用法
1. 表示数量的多少。如：There are seventy-five desks in our class .我们班里有75张课桌。
2. 表示年龄和年份。如：
①He was born in 1952 . 他出生于1952年。
②-How old is Molly ? 莫利多少岁了？
-She is fifteen years old. 她15岁了。他出生于1952年。
※ 表示年龄用基数词，表示多少岁的生日用序数词。
3. 表示时刻。如：-What time is it now? 现在几点了？
-It’s two to two .1点58分了。
4. 表示顺序或编号：单数名词+基数词，此时名词和基数词的第一个字母通常大写。如：
Class Three 三班 Room 55 55 号房间 Lesson Ten 第10课 Page 108 第108
5. 确数的表达：基数词+hundred / thousand / million / billion +名词复数
概数的表达：hundreds / thousands / millions / billions +of +名词复数
hundreds of数以百计的 thousands of 数以千计的
millions of数以百万计的 billions of数十亿的
如：①There are six hundred workers in this factory .这家工厂有600名工人。
②Thousands of visitors have come to Hangzhou in the last two weeks.在过去的两周中，有成千上万的游客到杭州来。
6. “整十”的复数形式用于表示：在某世纪几十年代：in the +年份的复数
在某人几十多岁时：in one’s + 整十的基数词的复数= more than +基数词
如：①In the 1960s , people had to lead a poor life .在20世纪60年代，人们不得不过着贫困的生活。
②He invented many things in his twenties .他在20多岁时，就发明了许多东西。
7. 表示分数、小数和百分数
① 分数的表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；若分子是大于1的整数，分母用复数形式。如：
1/3读作a(one) third ；2/5 读作two fifths；5/6 读作____ ____ .
※ 在英语中，四分之一为a quarter ；四分之三为three quarters ；二分之一为a half 。
② ﹡小数的表达：小数点读作point ，零读作zero。小数点后面的数按各位基数词依次读出。如：
0.8 读作zero point eight 16.78 读作sixteen point seven eight
③ ﹡百分数的表达：基数词+ percent 如：7%读作seven percent 50%读作fifty percent
④ ﹡表示倍数：half (一半) twice (二倍) three times (三倍)
◆三 序数词的构成
序数词大多是由基数词变形而成的。构成形式如下：
1. 1-3应逐个记忆，它们分别是：first, second, third .
2. 4-19之间的序数词都由相应的基数词加-th构成的。如：
fourth fifth sixth seventh
eighth ninth tenth eleventh
twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth
sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth
※ five-fifth eight-eighth nine-ninth twelve-twelfth的拼写比较特殊。
3. 20-90之间“第几十”的序数词由相应的基数词去掉-y加-ieth构成。如：
twentieth thirtieth fortieth fiftieth
sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth
4. 21-99之间“第几十几”的序数词，前面的十位用基数词，后面的个位用序数词，中间用连字符。如：
twenty-first 第二十一 twenty-ninth 第二十九 seventy-eighth 第七十八
※ 巧学妙记：变脸123；8加h , 9减e , _______________________________________________________ .
◆四 序数词的用法
1. 表示顺序：the +序数词+单数名词
如：①The second picture is very beautiful .第二幅图很美。
②The fourth student comes from America .第四个学生来自美国。
3. 表示日期中的“日”。如：2009年5月14日表示为：May 14th , 2009 ; 读作：May the fourteenth , two thousand and nine 。
练习
一、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Tom’s mother gave him a nice gift on his _____ (eight) birthday .
2. –What’s the date today ?
-It’s September the _____ (thirty) .
3. Mr. Wu asked his students to turn to the ________ (fifty-nine) page.
4. He opened up his own company in his ________ (twenty).
5. How happily we are living in the ________ (twenty-one) century!
二、根据括号里的汉语提示，完成下列句子。
1. Kate and Mary are in ____ ____ ____ ____ (三年级五班).
2. I was born in Shanghai on ____ ____ 1993 (1993年10月17日).
3. She’s been away from London for ____ days and ____ ____ (三天半).
4. It was a lonely village ____ the ____(在20世纪80年代) , but now there are many tall building in it .
5. ____ ____ (三分之二) of the students in Class 1 come from the countryside .
三、单项选择
1. There are _____ workers in this factory.
A. two hundreds and thirty-six B. two hundred and thirty-six C. two hundred , thirty-six
2. _____ players will take part in the city sports meeting.
A. Hundreds of B. Hundred of C. Hundreds
3. There are _____ months in a year. December is _____ month of the year.
A. twelve; twelfth B. twelfth; twelve C. twelve; the twelfth
4. _____ of the boys in our class _____ playing soccer after school.
A. Four-fifths; like B. Four-fifths; likes C. Four-five; like
5. They plan to plant _____ in the park.
A. sixty more trees B. more sixty trees C. sixty another trees
※ 基数词+ more +名词复数=another +基数词+名词复数 （再… 又…）
6. Mr.Smith has an _____ daughter .
A. eight years old B. eight-year-old C. eight year old
7. I had learned _____ English words by the end of last term .
A. four hundred B. four hundreds C. four hundreds of
8. Thr story happened _____ .
A. in the 1940 B. in the 1940s C. in 1940s
9. I will stay in Beijing for _____ .
A. one or two days B. one and two days C. one day or two days
10. –Would you like some fruit ,madam ?
-_____ please.
A . Three kilo of apples B . Three kilos of apples C . Three kilos of apple
11. We’ll have a _____ holiday . What about going to the West Lake?
A. two days B. two-day C. two-days
12. The _____ Olympics was held in August, 2008 in Beijing China.
A. twenty-nineth B. twenty-ninth C. twenty-nine
13. This is a big class and _____ of the students are girls.
A. two third B. two thirds C. second three
14. –Peter , how old is your father this year ?
–_____ . And we just had a party for his _____ birthday last weekend.
A. Forty; fortieth B. Forty; forty C. Fortieth; forty
15. –Which floor does Mr.Hu live on?
-He lives on _____ floor.
A. tenth B. the tenth C. the ten
16. Tree-planting Day is on the _____ of March every year.
A. twelve B.twelfth C.twelveth
17. There are _____ days in a year.
A. three hundred and sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five
C. three hundred and sixty five
18. –What time is it now ?
-It’s _____ .
A. ten o’clock B.Thursday C. morning
19. –What class are you in ?
-I’m in _____ .
A. Grade 9 B. Class 9 C. No.9
20. More than 60 _____ people died in the powerful earthquake in Sichuan Province .
A. thousand B. thousand of C. thousands of
六 介词Preposition(prep)：
介词是一种虚词。介词不能单独作句子成分，介词除本身具有的含义之外，介词还可以和其他词搭配，表示不同的含义。
◆一 表示时间的介词：in / on / at
1. in的用法
① 年（月）：in 2009 在2009年 in May , 2010 在2010年5月
② 上午/下午/晚上/白天 ： in the morning在上午 in the afternoon在下午
in the evening在晚上 in the daytime在白天
③ 季节： in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季 in autumn 在秋季 in winter在冬季
2. on的用法
① 星期/日期/节日：on Monday在星期一 on March 1st , 1995 1995年3月1日 on Teachers’ Day在教师节
② 某日的上午/下午/晚上：on Monday morning在星期一上午
on the afternoon of May 2nd 在5月2日下午
on a windy evening在一个有风的晚上
on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚
3. at的用法
① 几点钟： at six o’clock在六点钟
② 中午/夜晚/拂晓：at noon在中午 at night在夜晚 at daybreak在拂晓
③ 固定短语：at the beginning of 在…开始时 at the end of 在…的结尾 at the age of在…岁时
◆二 表示地点的介词：in / on / at
1. in / on in 表示“在…里面”如：There is some tea in the cup .杯子里有一些茶。
on表示“在…上面” 如：There are some apples on the table .桌子上有几个苹果。
2. in / at表示地点时，in +大地方 如：He arrived in China yesterday .他昨天到达了中国。
at +小地方 如：We arrived at the airport .我们到机场了。
3. in / on the street 表示“在街上”；on the road 表示“在马路上”；若街、路得名称前有门牌号，则用介词at。如：He lives at 608 Fenghuang Street .他住在凤凰街608号。
4. 注意下列词组的用法：
on the tree 树本身固有的东西在树上，如果实等。There are some apples on the tree .树上有一些苹果。
in the tree 外来物在树上，如小鸟等。I can see three birds in the tree .我能看到树上有3只小鸟。
on the wall 在墙的表面，如图画等。There is a map on the wall .墙上有一幅地图。
in the wall嵌在墙里，如窗户或洞等。There’s a hole in the wall .墙上有个洞。
◆三 in / on / at的其他用法
in的其他用法
1. 穿、戴(衣服或鞋帽)。如：
①He is in blue .他穿着蓝色的衣服。
②I know the man in a hat .我认识那个戴帽子的男士。
2. 用，后跟语言或材料，表示手段或方法等。如：
①How do you say that in English ?那个用英语怎么说？
②She wrote the letter in pencil .他用铅笔写的这封信。
3. 表示境况、情绪、状态等。如：
in trouble陷入困境 in danger处于危险中 in surprise惊讶地 in good health身体健康
4. 关于…，在…方面 。如：I’m weak in math .我的数学不好。
on 的其他用法
1. 在从事…中 如：on business出差 on holiday/vacation 度假 on duty 值日 on show = on display 陈列；展览
2. 表示“用；以…方式；通过”。如：
①Let’s talk about it on the phone .我们在电话里讨论它吧
②We go to school on foot .我们步行去上学。
at的其他用法
1. 表示“在…方面”。如：She is good at English .她擅长英语。
2. 用在年龄前，表示“在…岁时”。如：At the age of 4 , he began to play the piano .他4岁时便开始弹钢琴。
3. 用在具体的价格前。如：The coat is on sale at (the price of) 100 yuan .这件上衣以100元的价格出售。
◆四 for / by 的用法归类
for的常见用法
1. 表示目的，意为“为了”。如：
①I want to go back for my pen .我要回去拿我的铅笔。
②Let’s go for a walk .我们出去散散步吧。
2. 表示用途，意为“适用于；适合”。如：This is a book for children .这是一本适合儿童阅读的书。
3. 表示动作的方向、目的地，意为“向；往”。如：This ship is for New York .这艘轮船驶往纽约。
4. 用在固定搭配中。如：look for寻找 wait for等候 be late for迟到
by的常见用法
1. 表示位置，意为“在…旁边；靠近…”。如：Some children are drawing by the lake .一些孩子在湖边画画。
2. 表示时间，意为“到…为止；不迟于…”。如：How many songs had you learned by the end of last term ?到上学期结束时你学了多少首歌曲？
3. 表示“由；经；乘”，by后接交通工具。如：Every day he goes to work by bus .他每天乘公共汽车去上班。
4. 表示方式或手段，意为“用；借；通过”，by后接动名词。如：I study English by reading a lot .我通过大量阅读来学习英语。
5. 用于被动语态中，意为“由，被”，by后接动作的执行者。如：This bike was found by the boy last time .这辆自行车上次是被那个男孩发现的。
◆五 含介词的固定搭配
1. 动词+介词
talk about谈论 worry about 担心 laugh at 嘲笑 knock at 敲…
look after照顾；照料 agree with同意 depend on依靠；依赖
turn on 打开 hear of 听说 hear from 收到…的来信
2. 动词+副词+介词
catch up with跟上 do well in擅长 look out of向…外看
get ready for为…做准备 look forward to期望 comeup with想出
3. be +形容词+介词
be fond of喜欢 be good at擅长 be proud of为…感到自豪
be different from与…不同 be strict with sb对某人要求严格
be strict in sth对某事要求严格 be tired of对…感到厌烦
be weak in sth不擅长…；在某方面差
be sorry for为…感到可惜；对…表示同情
4. 动词+名词+介词
make a contribution to为…做贡献 pay attention to注意
take care of照顾
练习
一、用适当的介词填空
1. He arrived _____ Moscow _____3:30 _____ the afternoon .
2. “What’s this _____ English ?” he asked _____ surprise .
3. We’ll leave _____ America _____ Sunday morning .
4. _____ the time I got _____ school . I realized that I had left my homework at home .
5. People often mistake Lucy _____ Lily , because they are twins .
6. Chinese names are different _____ English names .
7. They were talking _____ a film when I came _____ the room .
8. Mr. Smith is very strict _____ his students and _____ his own work .
9. The woman _____ red was born _____ July 24 , 1966 .
10. She often goes dancing _____ Friday evening .
11. _____ my surprise , he has learned it .
12. He has been teaching here _____ 1990 .
13. Someone is knocking _____ the door .
14. I waited _____ an hour .
15. I met him the day _____ yesterday .
16. Go _____ this street and then turn left .
二、单项选择
1. Don’t laugh _____ anyone who is _____ trouble .
A. at ; in B. at ; at C. on ; in
2. Hangzhou is famous _____ the West Lake .
A. for B. to C.as
3. –How do you study _____ a test ?
-_____ working hard .
A. for ; By B. at ; In C. for ; On
4. First go _____ the village , and then walk _____ a bridge . You can find him on the farm .
A. across ; through B. through ; across C. across ; across
5. Thank you _____ looking _____ my little son .
A .for ; at B. to ; at C. for ; after
6. Taiwan is _____ the southeast of China .
A. in B. on C. at
7. There is a wooden bridge _____ the river .
A. over B. on C. above
8. Everyone was at school _____ Linda , because she was ill in bed .
A. except B. with C. besides
9. It’s very nice _____ you _____ me some money .
A. of ; lend B. of ; to lend C. for ; to lend
10. Xiao Qiang lives _____ 99 Xinhua Road . He got up late . so he went to school in a hurry _____ eating breakfast .
A. on ; without B. on ; with C. at ; without
11. I’d like a cup of coffee _____ some sugar and milk .
A. with B. in C. of
12. Betty arrived _____ London _____ the evening of June 1st .
A. in ; on B. at ; on C. at ; in
13. –When did Hong Kong return to our motherland .
-_____ July 1st 1997.
A. On B. In C . At
14. Please turn _____ all the lights in the room ,or I’m afraid .
A. up B. on C. down
15. The moonlight is coming in _____ the window and the room seems quiet and beautiful.
A. over B. across C. through
16. You’d better not go to work _____ breakfast , for it’s bad for your health .
A. without B. for C. with
17. –How long have you learned English ?
-_____ about five years.
A. For B. By C . Since
18. -Don’t be late _____ class again , OK?
-Sorry , I won’t .
A. for B. in C. to
19. Excuse me , where is the museum ? Is it _____ the library?
A. the next to B. across from C. in the front of
20. The basket is full _____ vegetables.
A. about B. with C. of
21. Though he’s a famous writer , he is friendly _____ us .
A. to B. for C. with
22. Most people get sick _____ the bad weather.
A. because of B. because C. so
23. _____ the age of 18, he started his own company.
A. At B. In C . From
24. My teacher was very angry _____ me because I was late.
A. at B. with C. than
25. Here are some presents _____ you _____ our best wishes.
A. for ; for B. to ; with C. for ; with
26. I arrived _____ a village _____ a cold morning.
A. at ; on B. at ; in C. in ; in
27. We are doing much better _____ English _____ our teachers’ help .
A. in ; with B. at ; with C. in ; at
28. What did you have _____ breakfast this morning?
A. for B. on C. in
29. Look! The birds are singing _____ the tree .
A. on B. in C. at
30. I think he will be back _____ two o’clock .
A. after B. with C. at
答案：AAABC AAABC AAABC AAABC AAABC AAABC
三、翻译句子，每空一词。
1. 在这个月月初，他将去夏威夷度假。
He will go to Hawaii for vacation _____ _____ _____ _____ this month .
2. 上学期他喜欢滑冰胜过游泳。
Last term he _____ skating _____ _____ .
3. 在他们的帮助下，这位老人最后找到了他的女儿。
_____ the help _____ _____ , the old man found his daughter at last .
4. 我母亲昨天花了10 美元买这件礼物。
My mother _____ ﹩10 _____ this gift yesterday .
七 动词Verb(v.)
动词是表示动作或状态的词。主要分为行为动词（实义动词）、系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。
◆一 行为动词
行为动词又叫实义动词，按照其后是否能接宾语可分为：及物动词和不及物动词。
分类 例词
及物动词 love , need , buy , teach等
不及物动词 come , go , run , swim等
◆二 系动词
系动词的词义不完整，须与表语一起构成谓语。常见的系动词分类如下：
分类 例词 例句
be 动词 (am , is ) →was / are →were Lily and Lucy are twins .
感官类系动词 look , sound , smell , taste , feel 等 Xu Wenqiang wears glasses and looks cool .
变化类系动词 become , get , grow , go , turn等
状态类系动词 keep , stay , remain等
※ be动词用法口诀：我用am ；你用are ；is用于他她它；一切复数都用are 。
◆三 助动词
助动词本身没有词义，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。常用的助动词有be , do , have等。
分类 作用
be动词 am / is / are + 现在分词→现在进行时
be + 过去分词→ 被动语态
do 形式有do , does , did ,用于构成疑问句和
否定句，或用在动词原形前加强语气。
have have / has +过去分词→现在完成时
had +过去分词→过去完成
◆四 情态动词
时情态动词本身有一定的意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能单独使用，须与实义动词一起构成句子的谓语，表示说话者的情感、态度和语气。情态动词后接动词原形。
1． 表示能力：can 只有现在时和过去时could两种形式；be able to可以有多种形式。如：
①He can’t speak French . = He isn’t able to speak French .
②I could swim very well when I was nine . = I was able to swim very well when I was nine.
2. 表示许可、允许：may(might)和can(could)。如：-May I come in ? -Please do .
※ 为了使语气委婉，可用might代替may；could代替can，但回答时要还原成may和can。如：
-Could I use your ruler?
-Yes, you can .
3. 表示推断、判断：must 肯定、一定 100﹪
can’t 不可能 0
could/might 也许、可能 50﹪— 80﹪
4. 表示义务、职责或规劝：must, have to , should .
※ must 在这三个词中语气最强，意为“必须”。其否定回答不用mustn’t （千万不可，万万不能）,而用needn’t 或don’t have to （不必）。如：-Must I go shopping just now ?
-No , you needn’t .
must表示主观“必须”；have to 表示客观要求“必须，不得不”。如：①You must do your exercise in class.②I have to go home now .
should表示某人应该做某事。如：You should finish your homework on time .
◆五 动词短语的分类
1. 动词+介词（v. + prep.）常见的有look after / look like / talk about / shout at / work on 等。如：
①I have to look after her at home .我不得不在家照顾她。
②He is thinking about this question .他正在思考这个问题。
2. 动词+副词（v. +adv.）常见的有put on / put away / pick up / work out / 等。如：
①Please put your coat on . = Please put on your coat .请穿上你的大衣。
②The light is on , please turn it off .灯亮着，请把它关掉。
※ 动副短语后跟名词作宾语时，宾语置于副词前后均可，；后跟人称代词作宾语时，宾语必须放在副词之前，也就是把宾语放于动副短语之间。
3. 动词+副词+介词（v.+ adv.+ prep.）常见的有catch up with / do well in / look out of / get ready for /
look forward to / come up with等。如：
He is trying his best to catch up with the other students in the class .他正在竭尽全力地追赶班里的其他同学。
练习
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. She can _______ (teach) you some English songs.
2. Must my homework _________ (finish) right now?
3. _____ your mother usually _____ (do) chores after dinner?
4. This bike needs _____ (mend) , so you need ______ (ask) Uncle Li to mend it .
5. Tony _____ (have) to work ten hours a day.
二、单项选择
1. I tried to ______ him , but I couldn’t _____ what he said .
A. listen to ; hear B. listen ; hear C. hear ; listen to
2. –Let’s see the pandas . -That _____ interesting.
A. looks B. sounds C. gets
3. Don’t play with the knife , or you _____ hurt yourself .
A. need B. should C. may
4. –Is that Mr. Zhang ? -It _____ be him. He ‘s gone to America .
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. doesn’t
5. –Must I do my homework now ? -No, you _____ . You _____ do it tomorrow.
A. needn’t ; must B. needn’t ; can C. mustn’t ; can
6. –Do I have to help him ? -Yes , you _____ .
A. should B. can C. must
7. Your sweater is over there , Please _____ , because it’s very cold outside .
A. put it on B. put on it C. take it off
8. I’m looking forward to _____ Jay Chou in the concert .
A. see B. seeing C. will see
9. –_____ I play video games now ? -No , you mustn’t .
A. Must B. Need C. May
10. -_____ you ride a bike? -No, I _____ .
A. Can; can’t B. Must; mustn’t C. May; may not
11. _____ to have lunch with me this afternoon?
A. If you like B. Would you like C. Did you like
12. –Must I come here before 8 o’clock ? -No, you _____.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t
13. I saw Li Ping in the classroom two minutes ago , He _____ be in Shanghai Museum .
A. can’t B. may C. must
14. My brother is ill, I _____ stay at home and look after him .
A. has to B. have to C. must
15. –Could I borrow your lesson notes ? -Yes , of course you _____ .
A. could B. might C. can
答案：ABC ABC ABC ABC ABC
三、翻译句子，每空一词。
1. 现在我父亲一定在家。
My father _____ _____ at home now .
2. 这道数学题这么难，我算不出来。
This math problem was so difficult that I couldn’t _____ _____ _____ .
3. 你最好不要打扰他。
You _____ _____ _____ trouble him .
4. 他现在习惯于早起。
He _____ _____ _____ getting up early now .
八 连词Conjunction(conj.)
连词Conjunction(conj.)：用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。如：and / or / but
and _____________________________________________________
or ______________________________________________________
but _____________________________________________________