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【高考二轮重难点复习】2023年高考英语易错点精讲精练学案——专题03 第四讲推理判断题（阅读理解题型突破）（含解析）
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这是一份【高考二轮重难点复习】2023年高考英语易错点精讲精练学案——专题03 第四讲推理判断题（阅读理解题型突破）（含解析），共23页。学案主要包含了考点解读，命题方向，命题分析，观点态度词，解题步骤，命题解读，设问方式，2022年新高考I卷等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题03 第四讲
推理判断题---阅读理解题型突破
【考点解读】
推理判断题主要考查考试推理上下文逻辑关系的能力，要求考试在遵循原文的基础上，对文章相关句子进行分析、推理和判断，理解深层含义。在高考真题中，观点态度题、写作意图题、推断隐含意义题为高频考点。
【命题方向】
1. 观点态度题
2. 写作意图题
3. 隐含推断题
4. 下文预测题
5. 文章出处题
. 考点一 观点态度题
【命题分析】
作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：乐观、支持、赞同；中立、客观；悲观、怀疑、反对、批评。作者的思想态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间，应特别注意文中表达感情色彩的形容词和副词。
【观点态度词】
肯定、支持 ：favorable赞同的; approving赞成的；positive积极的；reasonable合理地；enthusiastic热情的；
否定、反对 ：impractical不实际的；negative否定的；disapproving不赞成的；prejudiced有成见的；critical批评的；
客观、中立 ：objective客观的； neutral中立的； indifferent漠然的；unconcerned漠不关心的；
考点二 写作意图题
【解题步骤】
策略 一
首尾兼顾知段意
新闻报道、说明文和议论文的主题句常在段首。
策略 二
段中归纳
先用一两句话引出主题，再陈述主题，然后论述细节。即：
引出主题--段落中心--论述总结
策略 三
全文概括
没有明显段落主题句时，需要概括段落内容，总结段落大意。语言要精练、准确、范围恰当。
考点三 隐含推断题
【命题解读】
隐含推断题的题干一般为以下几个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(表明，暗示)；suggest(建议)；conclude(得出结论)；assume(假定，设想)；imply(暗示)。隐含推断题一般根据短文提供的信息借助语境进行推理判断，需要考生把握文章内在的逻辑关系，才能得出准确的判断，切忌主观臆断、无中生有或文章原句复现。
【设问方式】
1. What can we infer from...? /What can be in ferred about...?
2. What can we learn about...? /What do we know about...?
3.Which of the following best describes...?
考点四 下文预测题
【解题步骤】
预测下文推断题
根据语篇对事件可能的结局或下一段可能提到的内容进行预测推断。
解题技巧：
1. 把握文章思路：事情发展的先后顺序、因果关系、对比关系、递进关系、空间关系等。
2. 关注最后一段尤其是末句内容。
考点五 文章出处题
【解题步骤】
Newspaper
1.首段或首句为新闻归纳 (时效性强)。2.有特殊的文体标示(如Reuters)
Magazine
1. 内容更加丰富，专题性更强，话题更详细
2. 语言轻松活泼、语言表述更具作者的主体意识。
Research
1. 语言比较专业化，会有一些专业词汇(如 Planetary orbit )
2. 内容上严肃且精华，经常出现专业的知识。
Diary
1.语言不正式，个人情绪浓重 2.内容上往往准时间次序记述事件，且往往在文章后部抒发个人感觉，或是文章行文夹叙 3.文体上具有自己特点(比方时间、天气) story特点:
Textbook
1. 运用教化性的、劝服性的、描绘性、说理解说味浓的语言
2. 对阅读的对象的指向性特别明确
真题透视
1. 【2022年新高考I卷】
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
21．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．A textbook. B．An exam paper. C．A course plan. D．An academic article.
23．What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
A．You will receive a zero. B．You will lose a letter grade.
C．You will be given a test. D．You will have to rewrite it.
2.【2022年新高考I卷】
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world ......
24．What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A．We pay little attention to food waste. B．We waste food unintentionally at times.
C．We waste more vegetables than meat. D．We have good reasons for wasting food.
3.【2022年全国乙卷】
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y. — ......
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller.......
25．What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A．They enjoyed much respect. B．They had a room with a bathtub.
C．They lived with the local kids. D．They suffered severe hardships.
27．What is the text?
A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A children’s story. D．A diary entry.
4.【2022年浙江卷6月】
Pasta and pizza were on everyone’s lunch menu in my native land of Italy. Everyone who had such a lunch was fair-skinned and spoke Italian. A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. The food choices were almost as diverse as the students. In front of me was an array of foods I couldn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I would pick out something awful, I desperately tried to ask the boy ahead of me for a recommendation. Unfortunately, between us stood the barrier of language.
Although my kindergarten experience feels like a century ago, the lessons I learned will stick in my mind forever. For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. I often had to be an interpreter for the Italian-speaking ones. As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to converse before I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried to hold a conversation in Italian with people who did not speak the language. It suddenly became very clear to me how lucky I was to be fluent in two languages.
In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population. In my English to Italian translations, I’ve learned about social programs that I didn’t know existed. This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this city’s sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity.
2．Who does “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．An Italian teacher. B．A government official.
C．The author herself. D．The author’s classmate.
3．How did the summer job benefit the author?
A．It strengthened her love for school. B．It helped sharpen her sense of direction.
C．It opened her eyes to the real world. D．It made her childhood dream come true.
模拟演练
1. 【江苏省扬州市2022-2023学年高三检测试题】
Created as recently as 2011, and mainly played by those aged over 50, walking football is growing at great pace in Britain. The game, where players walk rather than run, is designed to help aged people get fit or maintain an active lifestyle no matter what their age and fitness. According to a 2019 survey, there were 1,200 registered clubs and an estimated 40,000 regular participants.
North Ferriby Walking Football Club in East Yorkshire is one such example. “We started in 2015,” explains Mark Leighton, the team’s manager. “The first week we started off, we probably only had four or five players. Now we have 42 registered players taking part over three separate sessions each week.” Mark’s immediate goal is to get the club to 50 registered players across four sessions a week.
Andy Fairburn is a regular at the sessions. Now in his early-seventies, Andy finds the game still has plenty to offer him. “I’ve been playing football since 16. Getting older, your knees start to hurt, and I’ll know when it’s time to stop. I am sill competitive, though, and old habits die hard.”
It goes beyond kicking a football around for players like Andy. “There’s a serious football side if you want to win and a friendship side. I’d rather stick to the latter. It’s brilliant to socialize with people through walking football.”
Walking football is clearly a success story with much to be proud of. However, it’s striking that 87 per cent of clubs reported that less than 10 per cent of players are female. And not all clubs are as fortunate as North Ferriby Walking Football Club, which operates on a pay-as-you-go model and has secure sponsorship to reduce the cost burden.
23．What do we know about walking football?
A．It is becoming popular in and outside Britain.
B．It has been played for dozens of years.
C．It is aimed at improving elderly people’s welfare.
D．It has the same rules as the normal football.
24．Why does the author mention North Ferriby Club in paragraph 2?
A．To introduce a successful walking football club.
B．To illustrate the growth of walking football.
C．To praise Mark Leighton’s work for the club.
D．To suggest the ideal number of players in a club.
25．What does Andy Fairburn like most about walking football?
A．The sport is good for his knees. B．He doesn’t have to give up his habit.
C．Winning games makes him feel good. D．He can make friends with new people.
26．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A．There’s work to be done to promote the game. B．Most women don’t like playing football.
C．Walking football clubs can be profitable. D．The findings of the 2019 survey are wrong.
2.【江苏省扬州市2022-2023学年高三检测试题】
As the threat against coral reefs has increased, researchers are introducing innovative methods to farm healthy corals more efficiently.
Unlike the traditional way of growing corals in the ocean, land-based nurseries nurture (培育) corals in tanks before planting them onto reefs. While the operations tend to come with a high price tag and are more labor intensive, they provide an opportunity to raise corals in a controlled environment where experimental methods could be used and allows for repairing reefs on a massive scale.
These methods include growing corals in tanks on land, or using advanced techniques to promote growth rates and adaptability to the changing environment. Coral Vita, a for-profit company in Grand Bahama, can now grow corals up to 50 times faster than in nature by cutting corals into small pieces, a process known as “microfragmentation”.
The farm is also equipped with a high-tech aquaculture system, referred to by Coral Vita employees as the “life support system,” which can regulate water quality through temperature, pH and other adjustable settings. The system can be set up elsewhere with some adjustments for a region’s specific coral. “It can be very plug and play, which is really important for large-scale restoration,” says Teicher, founder of Coral Vita.
The potential for large scale is critical to Coral Via’s business plan, which is connected to the idea or “selling restoration as a service”. In 2021, Coral Vita signed its first restoration contracts with the Grand Bahama Port Authority. “There are about 100 countries and regions with coral reefs,” Teicher says. “There need to be large-scale coral farms in every single one of them. The amount of funding in the non-profit space is a drop in the bucket, and our model could help make the field less dependent on donations.”
Marine biologist David Vaughan points out that Coral Vita may have a couple million dollars in start-up costs and plants fewer than 5,000 to 10,000 corals a year. “That isn’t the economic scale that we need to get this to,” Vaughan says, adding hundreds of thousands of operations “costing couple of dollars a coral” will be required.
27．In which aspect are new methods of coral restoration different from traditional ways?
A．Growing corals can be more economical. B．Fewer workers are needed to grow corals.
C．Corals are grown in artificial environments. D．New methods are more environment friendly.
28．What does Teicher mean by saying “plug and play”?
A．The farm’s technology is advanced. B．The system is easy to operate.
C．Many places have brought in the system. D．He is confident of his farm’s future.
29．Why does Teicher choose the for-profit model?
A．Because the model can help him become rich.
B．Because the model is required by the authority.
C．Because there are fewer non-profit companies.
D．Because donations are not enough for restoration.
30．What is Vaughan’s attitude towards Coral Vita’s plan?
A．Approving. B．Skeptical. C．Unclear. D．Tolerant.
3.【河北省沧衡八校联盟2022-2023学年高三试题】
Book clubs are no longer limited to living rooms, and bookstores offer much more than just books with a new opening up for gatherings centered around reading.
When entering Hearthfire Books and Treats in Evergreen, shoppers are greeted by a bright green wall of frozen yogurt machines and a topping bar.
Owner Kappy Kling believes she has created more than just a store but a space for community. Kling sees many bookstores modifying their business models to attract new customers. “Bookstores over the years, with changes, have adapted by adding different things for engagement, especially smaller ones,” she said. “So for us, the frozen yogurt was a big one of those.”
Hearthfire attracts a big afterschool crowd from the local schools, and Kling enjoys providing a safe place for kids to hang out, have a snack and read.
Creating reading community is also a central focus at BookBar on Tennyson Street in Denver. Nearly nine years ago, Nicole Sullivan was wishing she could have a book club meeting anywhere besides someone’s living room, and from that thought, BookBar was born. The popular bookstore offers wine, coffee and small plates to enjoy while leading and browsing books. Beyond just book club meetings, Sullivan says the shop sees a lot of girls’ nights, professional meetings and remote work.
While he may not have changed his business model, Topp does devote much of his time to reading to his customers. Topp founded Read Me a Story, Ink after reading to children in public schools for nearly 30 years. His website features recordings of Topp reading stories aloud and over a thousand stories for others to read and children can make comments and exchange opinions. He also has a podcast (播客) available on major platforms that feature him reading stories fit for the classroom, bedtime and more.
8．What does the underlined word “one” in paragraph 3 probably refer to?
A．Thing. B．Customer. C．Change. D．Model.
9．What was Sullivan’s earlier dream?
A．Reading more books.
B．Opening a reading club.
C．Setting up a reading website.
D．Getting more collectable books.
10．What do the three bookstores have in common?
A．They begin to sell e-books.
B．They offer free coffee and tea.
C．They’re changing their business model.
D．They are trying to create reading community.
11．What is mainly talked about in the text?
A．Traditional bookstores are still popular.
B．Many bookstores appear in the world.
C．Book clubs are appearing in a new form.
D．Bookstores focus on new ways to reach readers.
4.【河北省衡水市2022-2023学年高三联考试题】
Imagine if we could turn items that would normally be thrown in the dustbin into warm, waterproof blankets—a young girl from Wales is doing just that!
Twelve-year-old Alyssa Faith has spent the past year collecting abandoned chip bags which she then transforms into foil (箔纸) warming blankets. She donates them, along with toiletries and other essentials, to organizations that support people who are unhoused throughout Wales and as far as Ukraine. So far, she’s turned over 10,000 chips bags into 200+ blankets!
Alyssa got the idea to make these innovative blankets from a Facebook story about Pen Huston of East Sussex, England. Pen started a Crisp Packet Project to make survival bags with foil blankets and gives them to those in need throughout the United Kingdom.
As a budding environmentalist, Alyssa thinks there’s an added bonus to using chip bags. “Crisp packets are really hard to recycle, so this is a new way to stop them going in the bin,” she said.
For each bag, she starts by opening the packet and washing it, which is her least favorite part, then she places four packets on a piece of parchment paper (羊皮纸) and irons them so they stick together. The last step is placing the packets between the clear plastic and ironing them to seal it all together. The result is a foil blanket similar to the ores used in emergencies. It takes Alyssa about an hour and a half to make each blanket, and her mom says the project keeps her out of trouble!
“She makes the blankets after school—it certainly keeps her away from her phone,” said Alyssa’s mom, Darlene Dean. “She’s passionate about the environment, and the homeless support organizations in North Wales have been very positive about the blankets.”
This young lady is really going places! We love that she’s channeling her skills towards helping others in such a huge, meaningful way. Keep up the great work, Alyssa!
4．What inspired Alyssa to make foil blankets?
A．Others’ similar behavior.
B．Her passion for recycling.
C．The sight of the poor homeless.
D．Her mother’s encouragement.
5．What is an extra advantage of the foil blankets?
A．It prevents cold.
B．It offers comfort.
C．It benefits the environment.
D．It provides recyclable items.
6．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 5?
A．The challenge of using chip bags.
B．The process of making foil blankets.
C．The efforts Alyssa and her mom made.
D．The materials used in making blankets.
7．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To introduce Crisp Packet Project.
B．To appeal for love and care.
C．To call on people to save energy.
D．To sing the praises of Alyssa’s kindness.
5.【河南省南阳市第一中学校2022-2023学年高三上学期测试】
The world’s first hydrogen-powered trains have been unveiled in Germany. They began carrying passengers Monday in Germany’s northern Lower Saxony state. The new train will run 100-kilometer trips and can travel up to 140 kilometers an hour.
A French railroad company called Alstom rolled out the two trains. Teams in Germany and France worked in collaboration on the project which was approved by the German government. The new train model, called the Coradia ilint, signifies the beginning of efforts in Germany and other nations to seek an alternative to pollution-producing diesel (柴油) trains, the number of which in circulation is still high.
The Coradia iLint is designed to run on non-electrified train lines with low levels of noise. It uses a process that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electrical power. If the system produces more energy than the train needs at that time, it can store the extra energy in batteries. The train is powered by a hydrogen fuel cell, its only emission being steam and condensed water.
A single tank of hydrogen can run a Coradia iLint train for about 1,000 kilometers. This is very similar to the distance a diesel-powered train can run on with a single tank.
Hydrogen-fueled trains cost more than diesel trains to build. But Alstom officials say the operating costs are much lower. The company confirms another 14 Coradia iLint trains will make their first appearance in Lower Saxony by 2023.
Alstom says several other European countries have also expressed interest in embracing a new journey of clean-burning technologies. France has already said it wants its first hydrogen train to be operating by 2024.
8．Why did Germany build the new trains?
A．To substitute for diesel trains. B．To transport more passengers.
C．To make traveling much easier. D．To strengthen friendship with France.
9．What is one advantage of the Coradia iLint?
A．It runs without making any noise. B．It doesn’t use electrical power.
C．It is less costly to run. D．It is cheaper to manufacture.
10．It can be concluded that hydrogen trains ______.
A．are in wide circulation B．can contribute to green mobility
C．can wipe out air pollution D．can discharge water and oxygen
11．What might be the best title for the text?
A．A Pioneer in Natural Resource Conservation B．Efforts to Reduce Emissions
C．The First-ever Hydrogen Trains D．A New Way to Make Electricity
6.【湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三试题】
The Supreme Court decided to overturn Roe v Wade, starting a fresh battle in this decades-long fight over abortion. In a 6-3 ruling, the court found that there was no constitutional right to abortion, turning the decision of whether to allow abortions or not up to the states. Millions of women are now expected to lose access.
This decision was based on their interpretation of constitutional law, but it’s also deeply political. When the court overturns a previous ruling it inevitably looks to critics to be more political than constitutional.
The court has a 6-3 conservative super majority, thanks to the three justices appointed by Donald Trump. He made a specific campaign promise to appoint judges who would overturn Roe v Wade — and those appointments will probably be his most lasting legacy.
Now that Roe v Wade is overturned, 26 states could further restrict abortion access, including 13 states that have passed so-called trigger laws, which would introduce bans immediately upon the court’s decision.
Democratic-controlled states like California and New York will cast themselves as abortion sanctuaries, welcoming women from places where the procedure has been outlawed. There are 20 states in all where abortion will remain a protected right. About 26.5 million women of childbearing age live in those states.
As abortion clinics close down in states that have outlawed the practice, many more are expected to open near state borders in places where it is still allowed. Those who don’t have the time or money to travel may resort to other means — such as ordering abortion-inducing pills online — even if it is illegal.
There were somewhere between 600,000 and 800,000 abortions in the US in 2019. According to the Center for Disease Control, about one in six pregnancies end in abortion, and over 90% occur in the first trimester (妊娠头三个月). Over half of women who get abortions are already mothers, and for most, it is their first abortion.
Further fights may be ahead over how this ruling affects certain types of contraception (避孕) or IVF treatment. And some have questioned whether similar legal arguments can be used to undermine same-sex marriage.
America today feels like one country that contains two very separate nations, inhabited by two tribes that have completely different values, beliefs and goals. Now, they have just moved farther apart.
(Roe v Wade案是美国最高院1973年宣判的一个案子，它通过借道隐私权，确认了美国宪法保障女性的堕胎权。)
4．What does the underlined word “sanctuaries” mean in the fifth paragraph?
A．Refuges. B．Churches. C．Markets. D．Intersections.
5．What can we infer from the sixth paragraph?
A．The decision will reduce abortion effectively.
B．All abortion clinics will be abandoned in America.
C．Women will still try different ways to have an abortion.
D．Time and money is a must for women to have an abortion.
6．Which of the following is CORRECT?
A．Women in California can’t have an abortion.
B．Donald Trump made effort to abandon abortion.
C．America is a very united country in terms of abortion right.
D．The decision was made merely according to interpretation of law.
7．What is the best title of the text?
A．Abortion right is human right
B．Why is abortion forbidden in America
C．Roe v Wade overturned, abortion right lost
D．Women should fight for their abortion right
答案
真题透视
1.【2022年新高考I卷】
【答案】21．C 23．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。
21．推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。由此推知，本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C项。
23．推理判断题。根据“Late Work”部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. (如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A项。
2.【2022年新高考I卷】
【答案】24．B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B项。
3.【2022年全国乙卷】
【答案】 25．D 27．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章是一则书评，简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪)”以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上)”可推知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们的生活饱受磨难。故选D项。
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.(这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。
4.【2022年浙江卷6月】
【答案】 2．C 3．C
2．推理判断题。根据第二段第二三句“For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. (过去的三个夏天，我一直在纽约的一家政府机构工作。新移民涌入我们的办公室寻求帮助，就像排队吃午餐的小女孩一样)”以及第一段第三句“A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. (几年后，当我站在布鲁克林一所幼儿园的午餐队伍里时，我意识到事情不再那么简单了)”可知，当年的小女孩长大了，在纽约的一家政府机构工作，工作环境让她想到当年自己在幼儿园的午餐队伍排队的情境。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段第三四五句“This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this city’s sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity. (这项工作拓展了我的思维，这是在四面墙的教室里不可能做到的。今天走在布鲁克林的街道上，我不再对这座城市的声音和气味感到困惑。 相反，我会享受它的多样性)”可知，作者三个夏天的工作拓展了思维，开始接受真实世界的多样性。故选C。
模拟演练
1.【江苏省扬州市2022-2023学年高三检测试题】
【答案】23．C 24．B 25．D 26．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了健步足球帮助老年人保持健康和积极的生活方式。
23．细节理解题。根据第一段“The game, where players walk rather than run, is designed to help aged people get fit or maintain an active lifestyle no matter what their age and fitness.(这个体育活动让参加者步行而不是跑步，旨在帮助老年人保持健康或积极的生活方式，无论他们的年龄和健康状况如何)”可知，健步足球的目的是为了提高老年人的福祉。故选C。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段的“According to a 2019 survey, there were 1,200 registered clubs and an estimated 40.000 regular participants.(根据2019年的一项调查，有1200个注册俱乐部，估计有4万名定期参与者)”和第二段的“North Ferriby Walking Football Club in East Yorkshire is one such example.(东约克郡的North Ferriby健步足球俱乐部就是这样一个例子)”可知，作者在第二段提到North Ferriby俱乐部的目的是对第一段内容进行例证。故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据第四段“There’s a serious football side if you want to win and a friendship side. I’d rather stick to the latter. It’s brilliant to socialize with people through walking football.(如果你想赢，有严肃的足球队，也有友谊队。我宁愿坚持后者。通过健步足球与人交流是很好的)”可知，Andy最喜欢健步足球能帮助交友。故选D。
26．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“However, it’s striking that 87 per cent of clubs reported that less than 10 per cent of players are female. And not all clubs are as fortunate as North Ferriby Walking Football Club, which operates on a pay-as-you-go model and has secure sponsorship to reduce the cost burden.(然而，令人惊讶的是，87%的俱乐部报告称，女性球员不足10%。并不是所有的俱乐部都像North Ferriby健步足球俱乐部那样幸运，该俱乐部采用现收现付的模式，有可靠的赞助来减少成本负担)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是推广这个体育活动还有很多工作要做。故选A。
2.【江苏省扬州市2022-2023学年高三检测试题】
【答案】27．C 28．B 29．D 30．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了修复珊瑚礁的新方法。
27．推理判断题。根据第二段“Unlike the traditional way of growing corals in the ocean, land-based nurseries nurture corals in tanks before planting them onto reefs. While the operations tend to come with a high price tag and are more labor intensive, they provide an opportunity to raise corals in a controlled environment where experimental methods could be used and allows for repairing reefs on a massive scale.(与在海洋中培育珊瑚的传统方式不同，陆基苗圃在将珊瑚种植在珊瑚礁上之前先在水箱中培育珊瑚。虽然这种操作往往价格高昂，劳动强度也更大，但它们提供了一个在可控环境中饲养珊瑚的机会，在那里可以使用实验方法，并允许大规模修复珊瑚礁)”可知新方法是在陆地上的水箱里种植珊瑚，不像传统方法在自然环境中种植。而是在生长在人工环境中。故选C项。
28．词句猜测题。根据第四段“The system can be set up elsewhere with some adjustments for a region’s specific coral. (该系统可以在其他地方设置，并针对某个地区的特定珊瑚进行一些调整)”推断，Teicher的话的意思是系统操作方便。plug-and-play为“即插即用的”之意。故选B项。
29．细节理解题。根据第五段中“There need to be large-scale coral farms in every single one of them. The amount of funding in the non-profit space is a drop in the bucket, and our model could help make the field less dependent on donations.(每一个岛屿都需要大规模的珊瑚农场。非营利领域的资金规模只是九牛一毛，我们的模式可以帮助该领域减少对捐赠的依赖)”可推知所以慈善捐款对于大规模修复珊瑚礁是不够的，所以Teicher选择盈利模式。故选D项。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Marine biologist David Vaughan points out that Coral Vita may have a couple million dollars in start-up costs and plants fewer than 5,000 to 10,000 corals a year. “That isn’t the economic scale that we need to get this to,” Vaughan says, adding hundreds of thousands of operations “costing couple of dollars a coral” will be required.(海洋生物学家大卫·沃恩(David Vaughan)指出，Coral Vita可能有数百万美元的启动成本，每年种植的珊瑚不到5000到10000个。“这不是我们需要的经济规模，”沃恩说，并补充说，将需要数十万次的操作，“每只珊瑚要花费几美元”)”Vaughan 先指出Coral Vita的启动资金可能有数百万，然而一年只种植了5000到10000株珊瑚。接着他说这不是我们想要得到的规模。因此Vaughan对Coral Vita的计划持有怀疑态度。故选B项。
3.【河北省沧衡八校联盟2022-2023学年高三试题】
【答案】8．A 9．B 10．D 11．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了书店的悄然变化——不仅仅提供书籍，还为以阅读为中心的聚会开辟了新的空间。
8．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Owner Kappy Kling believes she has created more than just a store but a space for community. Kling sees many bookstores modifying their business models to attract new customers. “Bookstores over the years, with changes, have adapted by adding different things for engagement, especially smaller ones,” she said. (店主Kappy Kling认为，她创造的不仅仅是一家商店，而是一个社区空间。Kling看到许多书店修改了他们的商业模式以吸引新顾客。她说：“多年来，书店随着变化而适应，增加了不同的东西，使之参与进来，尤其是较小的书店”。)”可知，此处描述书店增加了不同的东西来吸引顾客。由此可推知，one指代“那些新增的东西中的一个”。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第五段“Nearly nine years ago, Nicole Sullivan was wishing she could have a book club meeting anywhere besides someone’s living room, and from that thought, BookBar was born. (大约九年前，Nicole Sullivan希望她可以在别人的客厅之外的任何地方举行读书俱乐部会议，因此，BookBar诞生了。)”可知，Sullivan最初的梦想是成立一个读书俱乐部。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Owner Kappy Kling believes she has created more than just a store but a space for community. Kling sees many bookstores modifying their business models to attract new customers. “Bookstores over the years, with changes, have adapted by adding different things for engagement, especially smaller ones,” she said. (店主Kappy Kling认为，她创造的不仅仅是一家商店，而是一个社区空间。Kling看到许多书店修改了他们的商业模式以吸引新顾客。她说：“多年来，书店随着变化而适应，增加了不同的东西，使之参与进来，尤其是较小的书店”。)”及第五段“Nearly nine years ago, Nicole Sullivan was wishing she could have a book club meeting anywhere besides someone’s living room, and from that thought, BookBar was born. The popular bookstore offers wine, coffee and small plates to enjoy while leading and browsing books. Beyond just book club meetings, Sullivan says the shop sees a lot of girls’ nights, professional meetings and remote work. (大约九年前，Nicole Sullivan希望她可以在别人的客厅之外的任何地方举行读书俱乐部会议，由此，BookBar诞生了。这家受欢迎的书店提供葡萄酒、咖啡和小盘子，供你在阅读和浏览书籍时享用。Sullivan说：“除了读书俱乐部会议之外，这家商店还看到很多女孩之夜、专业会议和远程工作”。)”及最后一段“Topp founded Read Me a Story, Ink after reading to children in public schools for nearly 30 years. His website features recordings of Topp reading stories aloud and over a thousand stories for others to read and children can make comments and exchange opinions. He also has a podcast (播客) available on major platforms that feature him reading stories fit for the classroom, bedtime and more. (Topp在公立学校为孩子们读了近30年书之后，创立了Read Me a Story网站。他的网站提供Topp大声朗读故事的录音，以及一千多个故事供其他人阅读，孩子们可以发表评论和交换意见。他还在主要平台上提供了一个播客，其中他阅读适合课堂、睡前及其他的故事。)”可知，文章提出了读书俱乐部发生的变化。Kling的书店会给孩子们提供玩、吃零食和阅读的地方；Sullivan的俱乐部有开设的阅读社区，而Topp的书店创立了阅读网站，供孩子们评论和交流。由此可推知，这几家书店的共同之处是它们都在创建读书社区。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Owner Kappy Kling believes she has created more than just a store but a space for community. Kling sees many bookstores modifying their business models to attract new customers. “Bookstores over the years, with changes, have adapted by adding different things for engagement, especially smaller ones,” she said. (店主Kappy Kling认为，她创造的不仅仅是一家商店，而是一个社区空间。Kling看到许多书店修改了他们的商业模式以吸引新顾客。她说：“多年来，书店随着变化而适应，增加了不同的东西，使之参与进来，尤其是较小的书店”。)”及第五段“Nearly nine years ago, Nicole Sullivan was wishing she could have a book club meeting anywhere besides someone’s living room, and from that thought, BookBar was born. The popular bookstore offers wine, coffee and small plates to enjoy while leading and browsing books. Beyond just book club meetings, Sullivan says the shop sees a lot of girls’ nights, professional meetings and remote work. (大约九年前，Nicole Sullivan希望她可以在别人的客厅之外的任何地方举行读书俱乐部会议，由此，BookBar诞生了。这家受欢迎的书店提供葡萄酒、咖啡和小盘子，供你在阅读和浏览书籍时享用。Sullivan说：“除了读书俱乐部会议之外，这家商店还看到很多女孩之夜、专业会议和远程工作”。)”及最后一段“Topp founded Read Me a Story, Ink after reading to children in public schools for nearly 30 years. His website features recordings of Topp reading stories aloud and over a thousand stories for others to read and children can make comments and exchange opinions. He also has a podcast (播客) available on major platforms that feature him reading stories fit for the classroom, bedtime and more. (Topp在公立学校为孩子们读了近30年书之后，创立了Read Me a Story网站。他的网站提供Topp大声朗读故事的录音，以及一千多个故事供其他人阅读，孩子们可以发表评论和交换意见。他还在主要平台上提供了一个播客，其中他阅读适合课堂、睡前及其他的故事。)”及第一段“Book clubs are no longer limited to living rooms, and bookstores offer much more than just books with a new opening up for gatherings centered around reading. (读书俱乐部不再局限于客厅，书店提供的不仅仅是书籍，还为以阅读为中心的聚会提供了新的开放空间。)”可知，文章主要介绍了实体书店的变化，它们不仅卖书而且还提供甜点、咖啡，网站等，以此吸引读者前来。故推知书店专注于吸引读者的新方式。故选D。
4.【河北省衡水市2022-2023学年高三联考试题】
【答案】4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了Alyssa收集废弃的薯片袋，制作成箔纸毯送给有需要的人的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Alyssa got the idea to make these innovative blankets from a Facebook story about Pen Huston of East Sussex, England. Pen started a Crisp Packet Project to make survival bags with foil blankets and gives them to those in need throughout the United Kingdom.”（Alyssa从Facebook上关于英国东萨塞克斯郡Pen Huston的故事中得到了制作这些创新毛毯的想法。Pen启动了Crisp Packet Project，用箔纸毯制作救生袋，并将其送给英国各地需要帮助的人。）可知，Alyssa从Facebook上了解到Pen Huston用箔纸毯制作救生袋，这激发了她的灵感，她想到了制作箔纸毯的主意，由此可知，其他人类似的行为启发了Alyssa制作箔纸毯。故选A项。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段内容“As a budding environmentalist, Alyssa thinks there’s an added bonus to using chip bags. “Crisp packets are really hard to recycle, so this is a new way to stop them going in the bin,” she said.”（作为一个初露头角的环保主义者，Alyssa认为使用薯片袋还有额外的好处。她说：“薯片包装袋真的很难回收，所以这是一种阻止它们进入垃圾箱的新方法。”）可知，Alyssa认为使用薯片袋还有额外的好处，那就是阻止难以回收的薯片包装袋进入垃圾箱，这对环境有益，由此可知，箔纸毯的额外优势是它有益于环境。故选C项。
6．主旨大意题。根据第五段关键句“For each bag, she starts by opening the packet and washing it, which is her least favorite part, then she places four packets on a piece of parchment paper (羊皮纸) and irons them so they stick together. The last step is placing the packets between the clear plastic and ironing them to seal it all together.”（对于每一个包装袋，她首先打开包装袋并清洗，这是她最不喜欢的部分，然后她将四个包装袋放在一张羊皮纸上，并熨平，使它们粘在一起。最后一步是将包装袋放在透明塑料之间，然后熨烫，将其密封在一起。）可知，本段内容主要讲述了制作箔纸毯的过程，首先打开包装袋并清洗，然后进行熨烫，最会进行密封，故选B项。
7．推理判断题。通读全文，结合最后一段内容“This young lady is really going places! We love that she’s channeling her skills towards helping others in such a huge, meaningful way. Keep up the great work, Alyssa!”（这位年轻的女士真是太棒了！我们喜欢她以如此巨大而有意义的方式将自己的技能用于帮助他人。继续努力，Alyssa！）可知，本文主要讲述了Alyssa收集废弃的薯片袋，制作成箔纸毯送给有需要的人的故事，歌颂了Alyssa帮助他人的善良行为，由此可知，本文的主要目的是歌颂Alyssa的善良。故选D项。
5.【河南省南阳市第一中学校2022-2023学年高三上学期测试】
【答案】8．A 9．C 10．B 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新型的氢动力火车。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The new train model, called the Coradia ilint, signifies the beginning of efforts in Germany and other nations to seek an alternative to pollution-producing diesel (柴油) trains, the number of which in circulation is still high.(这种名为Coradia ilint的新型列车标志着德国和其他国家开始努力寻找一种能产生污染的柴油列车的替代品，目前流通中的柴油列车数量仍然很高。)”可知，建造新型火车的目的是取代产生污染的柴油列车, 故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“But Alstom officials say the operating costs are much lower.(但阿尔斯通官员表示，运营成本要低得多。)”可知，氢动力火车的优点是运行成本比较低，故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段的“The train is powered by a hydrogen fuel cell, its only emission being steam and condensed water.(列车由氢燃料电池驱动，唯一的排放物是蒸汽和冷凝水。)”可知，新的氢动力火车其唯一的排放物是水和蒸汽，所以是环保的，因此能促进绿色出行，故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The world’s first hydrogen-powered trains have been unveiled in Germany. They began carrying passengers Monday in Germany’s northern Lower Saxony state. The new train will run 100-kilometer trips and can travel up to 140 kilometers an hour.(世界上第一列氢动力列车在德国亮相。这些列车于周一在德国北部下萨克森州开始搭载乘客。新列车的运行里程为100公里，最高时速可达140公里。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是世界上第一辆新型的氢动力火车的研制及其特点，因此最好的题目是C选项“The First-ever Hydrogen Trains(有史以来第一辆氢动力列车)”，故选C。
6.【湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三试题】
【答案】4．A 5．C 6．B 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了美国最高法院裁定推翻罗伊诉韦德案，让各州决定女性是否拥有堕胎的权利。
4．词句猜测题。根据第五段的“Democratic-controlled states like California and New York will cast themselves as abortion sanctuaries, welcoming women from places where the procedure has been outlawed. There are 20 states in all where abortion will remain a protected right. About 26.5 million women of childbearing age live in those states.(像加利福尼亚和纽约这样由民主党控制的州将把自己塑造成堕胎sanctuaries，欢迎来自堕胎被宣布为非法的地方的妇女。总共有20个州堕胎仍然是受保护的权利。大约有2650万育龄妇女生活在这些州。)”可知，那些因堕胎而被宣布为违法的女性可以生活在像纽约和加利福尼亚等州，这些州有保护堕胎的权利，因此可知，加利福尼亚和纽约这样的州对这些女性来说是避难圣地，因此可推知划线词与选项A“Refuges(避难所)”意思相近。故选A项。
5．推理判断题。根据第六段“As abortion clinics close down in states that have outlawed the practice, many more are expected to open near state borders in places where it is still allowed. Those who don’t have the time or money to travel may resort to other means — such as ordering abortion-inducing pills online — even if it is illegal.(随着堕胎诊所在禁止这种做法的州关闭，预计会有更多的诊所在州边界附近仍然允许堕胎的地方开业。那些没有时间或金钱去到那里的人可能会诉诸其他方式——比如在网上订购人工流产药丸——即使这是非法的。)”可知，虽然在禁止堕胎的州内关闭了一些诊所，但是在允许堕胎的一些边境地方将会开设更多的诊所，并且人们还会网上订购人工流产药丸来堕胎，因此推知，女性们仍然会选择各种方式来堕胎。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段的“The court has a 6-3 conservative super majority, thanks to the three justices appointed by Donald Trump. He made a specific campaign promise to appoint judges who would overturn Roe v Wade—and those appointments will probably be his most lasting legacy.(因为唐纳德·特朗普任命的三名大法官，最高法院以6比3的比例获得了保守派的绝对多数。特朗普在竞选中做出了明确的承诺，将任命推翻罗伊诉韦德案的法官——这些任命可能是他最持久的遗产。)”可知，特朗普任命的法官推翻了罗伊诉韦德案，由此可知，唐纳德·特朗普反对堕胎，B项“Donald Trump made effort to abandon abortion.(唐纳德·特朗普努力废除堕胎)”说法正确。故选B项。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段的“The Supreme Court decided to overturn Roe v Wade, starting a fresh battle in this decades-long fight over abortion. In a 6-3 ruling, the court found that there was no constitutional right to abortion, turning the decision of whether to allow abortions or not up to the states. Millions of women are now expected to lose access.(美国最高法院最终决定推翻罗伊诉韦德案，开启了这场持续数十年的流产之争的新篇章。在一项6比3的裁决中，法院发现宪法中没有堕胎的权利，将是否允许堕胎的决定权转向了各州。现在，预计数百万妇女将无法享有这项权利。)”可知，本文主要报道了美国否定了罗伊诉韦德案，使得妇女享有的堕胎权丢失，所以“Roe v Wade overturned, abortion right lost(罗伊诉韦德案被推翻，堕胎权丧失)”是最佳标题。故选C项。
专题03 第四讲
推理判断题---阅读理解题型突破
【考点解读】
推理判断题主要考查考试推理上下文逻辑关系的能力，要求考试在遵循原文的基础上，对文章相关句子进行分析、推理和判断，理解深层含义。在高考真题中，观点态度题、写作意图题、推断隐含意义题为高频考点。
【命题方向】
1. 观点态度题
2. 写作意图题
3. 隐含推断题
4. 下文预测题
5. 文章出处题
. 考点一 观点态度题
【命题分析】
作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：乐观、支持、赞同；中立、客观；悲观、怀疑、反对、批评。作者的思想态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间，应特别注意文中表达感情色彩的形容词和副词。
【观点态度词】
肯定、支持 ：favorable赞同的; approving赞成的；positive积极的；reasonable合理地；enthusiastic热情的；
否定、反对 ：impractical不实际的；negative否定的；disapproving不赞成的；prejudiced有成见的；critical批评的；
客观、中立 ：objective客观的； neutral中立的； indifferent漠然的；unconcerned漠不关心的；
考点二 写作意图题
【解题步骤】
策略 一
首尾兼顾知段意
新闻报道、说明文和议论文的主题句常在段首。
策略 二
段中归纳
先用一两句话引出主题，再陈述主题，然后论述细节。即：
引出主题--段落中心--论述总结
策略 三
全文概括
没有明显段落主题句时，需要概括段落内容，总结段落大意。语言要精练、准确、范围恰当。
考点三 隐含推断题
【命题解读】
隐含推断题的题干一般为以下几个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(表明，暗示)；suggest(建议)；conclude(得出结论)；assume(假定，设想)；imply(暗示)。隐含推断题一般根据短文提供的信息借助语境进行推理判断，需要考生把握文章内在的逻辑关系，才能得出准确的判断，切忌主观臆断、无中生有或文章原句复现。
【设问方式】
1. What can we infer from...? /What can be in ferred about...?
2. What can we learn about...? /What do we know about...?
3.Which of the following best describes...?
考点四 下文预测题
【解题步骤】
预测下文推断题
根据语篇对事件可能的结局或下一段可能提到的内容进行预测推断。
解题技巧：
1. 把握文章思路：事情发展的先后顺序、因果关系、对比关系、递进关系、空间关系等。
2. 关注最后一段尤其是末句内容。
考点五 文章出处题
【解题步骤】
Newspaper
1.首段或首句为新闻归纳 (时效性强)。2.有特殊的文体标示(如Reuters)
Magazine
1. 内容更加丰富，专题性更强，话题更详细
2. 语言轻松活泼、语言表述更具作者的主体意识。
Research
1. 语言比较专业化，会有一些专业词汇(如 Planetary orbit )
2. 内容上严肃且精华，经常出现专业的知识。
Diary
1.语言不正式，个人情绪浓重 2.内容上往往准时间次序记述事件，且往往在文章后部抒发个人感觉，或是文章行文夹叙 3.文体上具有自己特点(比方时间、天气) story特点:
Textbook
1. 运用教化性的、劝服性的、描绘性、说理解说味浓的语言
2. 对阅读的对象的指向性特别明确
真题透视
1. 【2022年新高考I卷】
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
21．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．A textbook. B．An exam paper. C．A course plan. D．An academic article.
23．What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
A．You will receive a zero. B．You will lose a letter grade.
C．You will be given a test. D．You will have to rewrite it.
2.【2022年新高考I卷】
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world ......
24．What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A．We pay little attention to food waste. B．We waste food unintentionally at times.
C．We waste more vegetables than meat. D．We have good reasons for wasting food.
3.【2022年全国乙卷】
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y. — ......
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller.......
25．What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A．They enjoyed much respect. B．They had a room with a bathtub.
C．They lived with the local kids. D．They suffered severe hardships.
27．What is the text?
A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A children’s story. D．A diary entry.
4.【2022年浙江卷6月】
Pasta and pizza were on everyone’s lunch menu in my native land of Italy. Everyone who had such a lunch was fair-skinned and spoke Italian. A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. The food choices were almost as diverse as the students. In front of me was an array of foods I couldn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I would pick out something awful, I desperately tried to ask the boy ahead of me for a recommendation. Unfortunately, between us stood the barrier of language.
Although my kindergarten experience feels like a century ago, the lessons I learned will stick in my mind forever. For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. I often had to be an interpreter for the Italian-speaking ones. As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to converse before I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried to hold a conversation in Italian with people who did not speak the language. It suddenly became very clear to me how lucky I was to be fluent in two languages.
In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population. In my English to Italian translations, I’ve learned about social programs that I didn’t know existed. This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this city’s sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity.
2．Who does “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．An Italian teacher. B．A government official.
C．The author herself. D．The author’s classmate.
3．How did the summer job benefit the author?
A．It strengthened her love for school. B．It helped sharpen her sense of direction.
C．It opened her eyes to the real world. D．It made her childhood dream come true.
模拟演练
1. 【江苏省扬州市2022-2023学年高三检测试题】
Created as recently as 2011, and mainly played by those aged over 50, walking football is growing at great pace in Britain. The game, where players walk rather than run, is designed to help aged people get fit or maintain an active lifestyle no matter what their age and fitness. According to a 2019 survey, there were 1,200 registered clubs and an estimated 40,000 regular participants.
North Ferriby Walking Football Club in East Yorkshire is one such example. “We started in 2015,” explains Mark Leighton, the team’s manager. “The first week we started off, we probably only had four or five players. Now we have 42 registered players taking part over three separate sessions each week.” Mark’s immediate goal is to get the club to 50 registered players across four sessions a week.
Andy Fairburn is a regular at the sessions. Now in his early-seventies, Andy finds the game still has plenty to offer him. “I’ve been playing football since 16. Getting older, your knees start to hurt, and I’ll know when it’s time to stop. I am sill competitive, though, and old habits die hard.”
It goes beyond kicking a football around for players like Andy. “There’s a serious football side if you want to win and a friendship side. I’d rather stick to the latter. It’s brilliant to socialize with people through walking football.”
Walking football is clearly a success story with much to be proud of. However, it’s striking that 87 per cent of clubs reported that less than 10 per cent of players are female. And not all clubs are as fortunate as North Ferriby Walking Football Club, which operates on a pay-as-you-go model and has secure sponsorship to reduce the cost burden.
23．What do we know about walking football?
A．It is becoming popular in and outside Britain.
B．It has been played for dozens of years.
C．It is aimed at improving elderly people’s welfare.
D．It has the same rules as the normal football.
24．Why does the author mention North Ferriby Club in paragraph 2?
A．To introduce a successful walking football club.
B．To illustrate the growth of walking football.
C．To praise Mark Leighton’s work for the club.
D．To suggest the ideal number of players in a club.
25．What does Andy Fairburn like most about walking football?
A．The sport is good for his knees. B．He doesn’t have to give up his habit.
C．Winning games makes him feel good. D．He can make friends with new people.
26．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A．There’s work to be done to promote the game. B．Most women don’t like playing football.
C．Walking football clubs can be profitable. D．The findings of the 2019 survey are wrong.
2.【江苏省扬州市2022-2023学年高三检测试题】
As the threat against coral reefs has increased, researchers are introducing innovative methods to farm healthy corals more efficiently.
Unlike the traditional way of growing corals in the ocean, land-based nurseries nurture (培育) corals in tanks before planting them onto reefs. While the operations tend to come with a high price tag and are more labor intensive, they provide an opportunity to raise corals in a controlled environment where experimental methods could be used and allows for repairing reefs on a massive scale.
These methods include growing corals in tanks on land, or using advanced techniques to promote growth rates and adaptability to the changing environment. Coral Vita, a for-profit company in Grand Bahama, can now grow corals up to 50 times faster than in nature by cutting corals into small pieces, a process known as “microfragmentation”.
The farm is also equipped with a high-tech aquaculture system, referred to by Coral Vita employees as the “life support system,” which can regulate water quality through temperature, pH and other adjustable settings. The system can be set up elsewhere with some adjustments for a region’s specific coral. “It can be very plug and play, which is really important for large-scale restoration,” says Teicher, founder of Coral Vita.
The potential for large scale is critical to Coral Via’s business plan, which is connected to the idea or “selling restoration as a service”. In 2021, Coral Vita signed its first restoration contracts with the Grand Bahama Port Authority. “There are about 100 countries and regions with coral reefs,” Teicher says. “There need to be large-scale coral farms in every single one of them. The amount of funding in the non-profit space is a drop in the bucket, and our model could help make the field less dependent on donations.”
Marine biologist David Vaughan points out that Coral Vita may have a couple million dollars in start-up costs and plants fewer than 5,000 to 10,000 corals a year. “That isn’t the economic scale that we need to get this to,” Vaughan says, adding hundreds of thousands of operations “costing couple of dollars a coral” will be required.
27．In which aspect are new methods of coral restoration different from traditional ways?
A．Growing corals can be more economical. B．Fewer workers are needed to grow corals.
C．Corals are grown in artificial environments. D．New methods are more environment friendly.
28．What does Teicher mean by saying “plug and play”?
A．The farm’s technology is advanced. B．The system is easy to operate.
C．Many places have brought in the system. D．He is confident of his farm’s future.
29．Why does Teicher choose the for-profit model?
A．Because the model can help him become rich.
B．Because the model is required by the authority.
C．Because there are fewer non-profit companies.
D．Because donations are not enough for restoration.
30．What is Vaughan’s attitude towards Coral Vita’s plan?
A．Approving. B．Skeptical. C．Unclear. D．Tolerant.
3.【河北省沧衡八校联盟2022-2023学年高三试题】
Book clubs are no longer limited to living rooms, and bookstores offer much more than just books with a new opening up for gatherings centered around reading.
When entering Hearthfire Books and Treats in Evergreen, shoppers are greeted by a bright green wall of frozen yogurt machines and a topping bar.
Owner Kappy Kling believes she has created more than just a store but a space for community. Kling sees many bookstores modifying their business models to attract new customers. “Bookstores over the years, with changes, have adapted by adding different things for engagement, especially smaller ones,” she said. “So for us, the frozen yogurt was a big one of those.”
Hearthfire attracts a big afterschool crowd from the local schools, and Kling enjoys providing a safe place for kids to hang out, have a snack and read.
Creating reading community is also a central focus at BookBar on Tennyson Street in Denver. Nearly nine years ago, Nicole Sullivan was wishing she could have a book club meeting anywhere besides someone’s living room, and from that thought, BookBar was born. The popular bookstore offers wine, coffee and small plates to enjoy while leading and browsing books. Beyond just book club meetings, Sullivan says the shop sees a lot of girls’ nights, professional meetings and remote work.
While he may not have changed his business model, Topp does devote much of his time to reading to his customers. Topp founded Read Me a Story, Ink after reading to children in public schools for nearly 30 years. His website features recordings of Topp reading stories aloud and over a thousand stories for others to read and children can make comments and exchange opinions. He also has a podcast (播客) available on major platforms that feature him reading stories fit for the classroom, bedtime and more.
8．What does the underlined word “one” in paragraph 3 probably refer to?
A．Thing. B．Customer. C．Change. D．Model.
9．What was Sullivan’s earlier dream?
A．Reading more books.
B．Opening a reading club.
C．Setting up a reading website.
D．Getting more collectable books.
10．What do the three bookstores have in common?
A．They begin to sell e-books.
B．They offer free coffee and tea.
C．They’re changing their business model.
D．They are trying to create reading community.
11．What is mainly talked about in the text?
A．Traditional bookstores are still popular.
B．Many bookstores appear in the world.
C．Book clubs are appearing in a new form.
D．Bookstores focus on new ways to reach readers.
4.【河北省衡水市2022-2023学年高三联考试题】
Imagine if we could turn items that would normally be thrown in the dustbin into warm, waterproof blankets—a young girl from Wales is doing just that!
Twelve-year-old Alyssa Faith has spent the past year collecting abandoned chip bags which she then transforms into foil (箔纸) warming blankets. She donates them, along with toiletries and other essentials, to organizations that support people who are unhoused throughout Wales and as far as Ukraine. So far, she’s turned over 10,000 chips bags into 200+ blankets!
Alyssa got the idea to make these innovative blankets from a Facebook story about Pen Huston of East Sussex, England. Pen started a Crisp Packet Project to make survival bags with foil blankets and gives them to those in need throughout the United Kingdom.
As a budding environmentalist, Alyssa thinks there’s an added bonus to using chip bags. “Crisp packets are really hard to recycle, so this is a new way to stop them going in the bin,” she said.
For each bag, she starts by opening the packet and washing it, which is her least favorite part, then she places four packets on a piece of parchment paper (羊皮纸) and irons them so they stick together. The last step is placing the packets between the clear plastic and ironing them to seal it all together. The result is a foil blanket similar to the ores used in emergencies. It takes Alyssa about an hour and a half to make each blanket, and her mom says the project keeps her out of trouble!
“She makes the blankets after school—it certainly keeps her away from her phone,” said Alyssa’s mom, Darlene Dean. “She’s passionate about the environment, and the homeless support organizations in North Wales have been very positive about the blankets.”
This young lady is really going places! We love that she’s channeling her skills towards helping others in such a huge, meaningful way. Keep up the great work, Alyssa!
4．What inspired Alyssa to make foil blankets?
A．Others’ similar behavior.
B．Her passion for recycling.
C．The sight of the poor homeless.
D．Her mother’s encouragement.
5．What is an extra advantage of the foil blankets?
A．It prevents cold.
B．It offers comfort.
C．It benefits the environment.
D．It provides recyclable items.
6．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 5?
A．The challenge of using chip bags.
B．The process of making foil blankets.
C．The efforts Alyssa and her mom made.
D．The materials used in making blankets.
7．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To introduce Crisp Packet Project.
B．To appeal for love and care.
C．To call on people to save energy.
D．To sing the praises of Alyssa’s kindness.
5.【河南省南阳市第一中学校2022-2023学年高三上学期测试】
The world’s first hydrogen-powered trains have been unveiled in Germany. They began carrying passengers Monday in Germany’s northern Lower Saxony state. The new train will run 100-kilometer trips and can travel up to 140 kilometers an hour.
A French railroad company called Alstom rolled out the two trains. Teams in Germany and France worked in collaboration on the project which was approved by the German government. The new train model, called the Coradia ilint, signifies the beginning of efforts in Germany and other nations to seek an alternative to pollution-producing diesel (柴油) trains, the number of which in circulation is still high.
The Coradia iLint is designed to run on non-electrified train lines with low levels of noise. It uses a process that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electrical power. If the system produces more energy than the train needs at that time, it can store the extra energy in batteries. The train is powered by a hydrogen fuel cell, its only emission being steam and condensed water.
A single tank of hydrogen can run a Coradia iLint train for about 1,000 kilometers. This is very similar to the distance a diesel-powered train can run on with a single tank.
Hydrogen-fueled trains cost more than diesel trains to build. But Alstom officials say the operating costs are much lower. The company confirms another 14 Coradia iLint trains will make their first appearance in Lower Saxony by 2023.
Alstom says several other European countries have also expressed interest in embracing a new journey of clean-burning technologies. France has already said it wants its first hydrogen train to be operating by 2024.
8．Why did Germany build the new trains?
A．To substitute for diesel trains. B．To transport more passengers.
C．To make traveling much easier. D．To strengthen friendship with France.
9．What is one advantage of the Coradia iLint?
A．It runs without making any noise. B．It doesn’t use electrical power.
C．It is less costly to run. D．It is cheaper to manufacture.
10．It can be concluded that hydrogen trains ______.
A．are in wide circulation B．can contribute to green mobility
C．can wipe out air pollution D．can discharge water and oxygen
11．What might be the best title for the text?
A．A Pioneer in Natural Resource Conservation B．Efforts to Reduce Emissions
C．The First-ever Hydrogen Trains D．A New Way to Make Electricity
6.【湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三试题】
The Supreme Court decided to overturn Roe v Wade, starting a fresh battle in this decades-long fight over abortion. In a 6-3 ruling, the court found that there was no constitutional right to abortion, turning the decision of whether to allow abortions or not up to the states. Millions of women are now expected to lose access.
This decision was based on their interpretation of constitutional law, but it’s also deeply political. When the court overturns a previous ruling it inevitably looks to critics to be more political than constitutional.
The court has a 6-3 conservative super majority, thanks to the three justices appointed by Donald Trump. He made a specific campaign promise to appoint judges who would overturn Roe v Wade — and those appointments will probably be his most lasting legacy.
Now that Roe v Wade is overturned, 26 states could further restrict abortion access, including 13 states that have passed so-called trigger laws, which would introduce bans immediately upon the court’s decision.
Democratic-controlled states like California and New York will cast themselves as abortion sanctuaries, welcoming women from places where the procedure has been outlawed. There are 20 states in all where abortion will remain a protected right. About 26.5 million women of childbearing age live in those states.
As abortion clinics close down in states that have outlawed the practice, many more are expected to open near state borders in places where it is still allowed. Those who don’t have the time or money to travel may resort to other means — such as ordering abortion-inducing pills online — even if it is illegal.
There were somewhere between 600,000 and 800,000 abortions in the US in 2019. According to the Center for Disease Control, about one in six pregnancies end in abortion, and over 90% occur in the first trimester (妊娠头三个月). Over half of women who get abortions are already mothers, and for most, it is their first abortion.
Further fights may be ahead over how this ruling affects certain types of contraception (避孕) or IVF treatment. And some have questioned whether similar legal arguments can be used to undermine same-sex marriage.
America today feels like one country that contains two very separate nations, inhabited by two tribes that have completely different values, beliefs and goals. Now, they have just moved farther apart.
(Roe v Wade案是美国最高院1973年宣判的一个案子，它通过借道隐私权，确认了美国宪法保障女性的堕胎权。)
4．What does the underlined word “sanctuaries” mean in the fifth paragraph?
A．Refuges. B．Churches. C．Markets. D．Intersections.
5．What can we infer from the sixth paragraph?
A．The decision will reduce abortion effectively.
B．All abortion clinics will be abandoned in America.
C．Women will still try different ways to have an abortion.
D．Time and money is a must for women to have an abortion.
6．Which of the following is CORRECT?
A．Women in California can’t have an abortion.
B．Donald Trump made effort to abandon abortion.
C．America is a very united country in terms of abortion right.
D．The decision was made merely according to interpretation of law.
7．What is the best title of the text?
A．Abortion right is human right
B．Why is abortion forbidden in America
C．Roe v Wade overturned, abortion right lost
D．Women should fight for their abortion right
答案
真题透视
1.【2022年新高考I卷】
【答案】21．C 23．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。
21．推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。由此推知，本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C项。
23．推理判断题。根据“Late Work”部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. (如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A项。
2.【2022年新高考I卷】
【答案】24．B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B项。
3.【2022年全国乙卷】
【答案】 25．D 27．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章是一则书评，简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪)”以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上)”可推知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们的生活饱受磨难。故选D项。
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.(这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。
4.【2022年浙江卷6月】
【答案】 2．C 3．C
2．推理判断题。根据第二段第二三句“For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. (过去的三个夏天，我一直在纽约的一家政府机构工作。新移民涌入我们的办公室寻求帮助，就像排队吃午餐的小女孩一样)”以及第一段第三句“A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. (几年后，当我站在布鲁克林一所幼儿园的午餐队伍里时，我意识到事情不再那么简单了)”可知，当年的小女孩长大了，在纽约的一家政府机构工作，工作环境让她想到当年自己在幼儿园的午餐队伍排队的情境。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段第三四五句“This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this city’s sounds and smells. Instead, enjoy its diversity. (这项工作拓展了我的思维，这是在四面墙的教室里不可能做到的。今天走在布鲁克林的街道上，我不再对这座城市的声音和气味感到困惑。 相反，我会享受它的多样性)”可知，作者三个夏天的工作拓展了思维，开始接受真实世界的多样性。故选C。
模拟演练
1.【江苏省扬州市2022-2023学年高三检测试题】
【答案】23．C 24．B 25．D 26．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了健步足球帮助老年人保持健康和积极的生活方式。
23．细节理解题。根据第一段“The game, where players walk rather than run, is designed to help aged people get fit or maintain an active lifestyle no matter what their age and fitness.(这个体育活动让参加者步行而不是跑步，旨在帮助老年人保持健康或积极的生活方式，无论他们的年龄和健康状况如何)”可知，健步足球的目的是为了提高老年人的福祉。故选C。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段的“According to a 2019 survey, there were 1,200 registered clubs and an estimated 40.000 regular participants.(根据2019年的一项调查，有1200个注册俱乐部，估计有4万名定期参与者)”和第二段的“North Ferriby Walking Football Club in East Yorkshire is one such example.(东约克郡的North Ferriby健步足球俱乐部就是这样一个例子)”可知，作者在第二段提到North Ferriby俱乐部的目的是对第一段内容进行例证。故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据第四段“There’s a serious football side if you want to win and a friendship side. I’d rather stick to the latter. It’s brilliant to socialize with people through walking football.(如果你想赢，有严肃的足球队，也有友谊队。我宁愿坚持后者。通过健步足球与人交流是很好的)”可知，Andy最喜欢健步足球能帮助交友。故选D。
26．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“However, it’s striking that 87 per cent of clubs reported that less than 10 per cent of players are female. And not all clubs are as fortunate as North Ferriby Walking Football Club, which operates on a pay-as-you-go model and has secure sponsorship to reduce the cost burden.(然而，令人惊讶的是，87%的俱乐部报告称，女性球员不足10%。并不是所有的俱乐部都像North Ferriby健步足球俱乐部那样幸运，该俱乐部采用现收现付的模式，有可靠的赞助来减少成本负担)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是推广这个体育活动还有很多工作要做。故选A。
2.【江苏省扬州市2022-2023学年高三检测试题】
【答案】27．C 28．B 29．D 30．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了修复珊瑚礁的新方法。
27．推理判断题。根据第二段“Unlike the traditional way of growing corals in the ocean, land-based nurseries nurture corals in tanks before planting them onto reefs. While the operations tend to come with a high price tag and are more labor intensive, they provide an opportunity to raise corals in a controlled environment where experimental methods could be used and allows for repairing reefs on a massive scale.(与在海洋中培育珊瑚的传统方式不同，陆基苗圃在将珊瑚种植在珊瑚礁上之前先在水箱中培育珊瑚。虽然这种操作往往价格高昂，劳动强度也更大，但它们提供了一个在可控环境中饲养珊瑚的机会，在那里可以使用实验方法，并允许大规模修复珊瑚礁)”可知新方法是在陆地上的水箱里种植珊瑚，不像传统方法在自然环境中种植。而是在生长在人工环境中。故选C项。
28．词句猜测题。根据第四段“The system can be set up elsewhere with some adjustments for a region’s specific coral. (该系统可以在其他地方设置，并针对某个地区的特定珊瑚进行一些调整)”推断，Teicher的话的意思是系统操作方便。plug-and-play为“即插即用的”之意。故选B项。
29．细节理解题。根据第五段中“There need to be large-scale coral farms in every single one of them. The amount of funding in the non-profit space is a drop in the bucket, and our model could help make the field less dependent on donations.(每一个岛屿都需要大规模的珊瑚农场。非营利领域的资金规模只是九牛一毛，我们的模式可以帮助该领域减少对捐赠的依赖)”可推知所以慈善捐款对于大规模修复珊瑚礁是不够的，所以Teicher选择盈利模式。故选D项。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Marine biologist David Vaughan points out that Coral Vita may have a couple million dollars in start-up costs and plants fewer than 5,000 to 10,000 corals a year. “That isn’t the economic scale that we need to get this to,” Vaughan says, adding hundreds of thousands of operations “costing couple of dollars a coral” will be required.(海洋生物学家大卫·沃恩(David Vaughan)指出，Coral Vita可能有数百万美元的启动成本，每年种植的珊瑚不到5000到10000个。“这不是我们需要的经济规模，”沃恩说，并补充说，将需要数十万次的操作，“每只珊瑚要花费几美元”)”Vaughan 先指出Coral Vita的启动资金可能有数百万，然而一年只种植了5000到10000株珊瑚。接着他说这不是我们想要得到的规模。因此Vaughan对Coral Vita的计划持有怀疑态度。故选B项。
3.【河北省沧衡八校联盟2022-2023学年高三试题】
【答案】8．A 9．B 10．D 11．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了书店的悄然变化——不仅仅提供书籍，还为以阅读为中心的聚会开辟了新的空间。
8．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Owner Kappy Kling believes she has created more than just a store but a space for community. Kling sees many bookstores modifying their business models to attract new customers. “Bookstores over the years, with changes, have adapted by adding different things for engagement, especially smaller ones,” she said. (店主Kappy Kling认为，她创造的不仅仅是一家商店，而是一个社区空间。Kling看到许多书店修改了他们的商业模式以吸引新顾客。她说：“多年来，书店随着变化而适应，增加了不同的东西，使之参与进来，尤其是较小的书店”。)”可知，此处描述书店增加了不同的东西来吸引顾客。由此可推知，one指代“那些新增的东西中的一个”。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第五段“Nearly nine years ago, Nicole Sullivan was wishing she could have a book club meeting anywhere besides someone’s living room, and from that thought, BookBar was born. (大约九年前，Nicole Sullivan希望她可以在别人的客厅之外的任何地方举行读书俱乐部会议，因此，BookBar诞生了。)”可知，Sullivan最初的梦想是成立一个读书俱乐部。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Owner Kappy Kling believes she has created more than just a store but a space for community. Kling sees many bookstores modifying their business models to attract new customers. “Bookstores over the years, with changes, have adapted by adding different things for engagement, especially smaller ones,” she said. (店主Kappy Kling认为，她创造的不仅仅是一家商店，而是一个社区空间。Kling看到许多书店修改了他们的商业模式以吸引新顾客。她说：“多年来，书店随着变化而适应，增加了不同的东西，使之参与进来，尤其是较小的书店”。)”及第五段“Nearly nine years ago, Nicole Sullivan was wishing she could have a book club meeting anywhere besides someone’s living room, and from that thought, BookBar was born. The popular bookstore offers wine, coffee and small plates to enjoy while leading and browsing books. Beyond just book club meetings, Sullivan says the shop sees a lot of girls’ nights, professional meetings and remote work. (大约九年前，Nicole Sullivan希望她可以在别人的客厅之外的任何地方举行读书俱乐部会议，由此，BookBar诞生了。这家受欢迎的书店提供葡萄酒、咖啡和小盘子，供你在阅读和浏览书籍时享用。Sullivan说：“除了读书俱乐部会议之外，这家商店还看到很多女孩之夜、专业会议和远程工作”。)”及最后一段“Topp founded Read Me a Story, Ink after reading to children in public schools for nearly 30 years. His website features recordings of Topp reading stories aloud and over a thousand stories for others to read and children can make comments and exchange opinions. He also has a podcast (播客) available on major platforms that feature him reading stories fit for the classroom, bedtime and more. (Topp在公立学校为孩子们读了近30年书之后，创立了Read Me a Story网站。他的网站提供Topp大声朗读故事的录音，以及一千多个故事供其他人阅读，孩子们可以发表评论和交换意见。他还在主要平台上提供了一个播客，其中他阅读适合课堂、睡前及其他的故事。)”可知，文章提出了读书俱乐部发生的变化。Kling的书店会给孩子们提供玩、吃零食和阅读的地方；Sullivan的俱乐部有开设的阅读社区，而Topp的书店创立了阅读网站，供孩子们评论和交流。由此可推知，这几家书店的共同之处是它们都在创建读书社区。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Owner Kappy Kling believes she has created more than just a store but a space for community. Kling sees many bookstores modifying their business models to attract new customers. “Bookstores over the years, with changes, have adapted by adding different things for engagement, especially smaller ones,” she said. (店主Kappy Kling认为，她创造的不仅仅是一家商店，而是一个社区空间。Kling看到许多书店修改了他们的商业模式以吸引新顾客。她说：“多年来，书店随着变化而适应，增加了不同的东西，使之参与进来，尤其是较小的书店”。)”及第五段“Nearly nine years ago, Nicole Sullivan was wishing she could have a book club meeting anywhere besides someone’s living room, and from that thought, BookBar was born. The popular bookstore offers wine, coffee and small plates to enjoy while leading and browsing books. Beyond just book club meetings, Sullivan says the shop sees a lot of girls’ nights, professional meetings and remote work. (大约九年前，Nicole Sullivan希望她可以在别人的客厅之外的任何地方举行读书俱乐部会议，由此，BookBar诞生了。这家受欢迎的书店提供葡萄酒、咖啡和小盘子，供你在阅读和浏览书籍时享用。Sullivan说：“除了读书俱乐部会议之外，这家商店还看到很多女孩之夜、专业会议和远程工作”。)”及最后一段“Topp founded Read Me a Story, Ink after reading to children in public schools for nearly 30 years. His website features recordings of Topp reading stories aloud and over a thousand stories for others to read and children can make comments and exchange opinions. He also has a podcast (播客) available on major platforms that feature him reading stories fit for the classroom, bedtime and more. (Topp在公立学校为孩子们读了近30年书之后，创立了Read Me a Story网站。他的网站提供Topp大声朗读故事的录音，以及一千多个故事供其他人阅读，孩子们可以发表评论和交换意见。他还在主要平台上提供了一个播客，其中他阅读适合课堂、睡前及其他的故事。)”及第一段“Book clubs are no longer limited to living rooms, and bookstores offer much more than just books with a new opening up for gatherings centered around reading. (读书俱乐部不再局限于客厅，书店提供的不仅仅是书籍，还为以阅读为中心的聚会提供了新的开放空间。)”可知，文章主要介绍了实体书店的变化，它们不仅卖书而且还提供甜点、咖啡，网站等，以此吸引读者前来。故推知书店专注于吸引读者的新方式。故选D。
4.【河北省衡水市2022-2023学年高三联考试题】
【答案】4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了Alyssa收集废弃的薯片袋，制作成箔纸毯送给有需要的人的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Alyssa got the idea to make these innovative blankets from a Facebook story about Pen Huston of East Sussex, England. Pen started a Crisp Packet Project to make survival bags with foil blankets and gives them to those in need throughout the United Kingdom.”（Alyssa从Facebook上关于英国东萨塞克斯郡Pen Huston的故事中得到了制作这些创新毛毯的想法。Pen启动了Crisp Packet Project，用箔纸毯制作救生袋，并将其送给英国各地需要帮助的人。）可知，Alyssa从Facebook上了解到Pen Huston用箔纸毯制作救生袋，这激发了她的灵感，她想到了制作箔纸毯的主意，由此可知，其他人类似的行为启发了Alyssa制作箔纸毯。故选A项。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段内容“As a budding environmentalist, Alyssa thinks there’s an added bonus to using chip bags. “Crisp packets are really hard to recycle, so this is a new way to stop them going in the bin,” she said.”（作为一个初露头角的环保主义者，Alyssa认为使用薯片袋还有额外的好处。她说：“薯片包装袋真的很难回收，所以这是一种阻止它们进入垃圾箱的新方法。”）可知，Alyssa认为使用薯片袋还有额外的好处，那就是阻止难以回收的薯片包装袋进入垃圾箱，这对环境有益，由此可知，箔纸毯的额外优势是它有益于环境。故选C项。
6．主旨大意题。根据第五段关键句“For each bag, she starts by opening the packet and washing it, which is her least favorite part, then she places four packets on a piece of parchment paper (羊皮纸) and irons them so they stick together. The last step is placing the packets between the clear plastic and ironing them to seal it all together.”（对于每一个包装袋，她首先打开包装袋并清洗，这是她最不喜欢的部分，然后她将四个包装袋放在一张羊皮纸上，并熨平，使它们粘在一起。最后一步是将包装袋放在透明塑料之间，然后熨烫，将其密封在一起。）可知，本段内容主要讲述了制作箔纸毯的过程，首先打开包装袋并清洗，然后进行熨烫，最会进行密封，故选B项。
7．推理判断题。通读全文，结合最后一段内容“This young lady is really going places! We love that she’s channeling her skills towards helping others in such a huge, meaningful way. Keep up the great work, Alyssa!”（这位年轻的女士真是太棒了！我们喜欢她以如此巨大而有意义的方式将自己的技能用于帮助他人。继续努力，Alyssa！）可知，本文主要讲述了Alyssa收集废弃的薯片袋，制作成箔纸毯送给有需要的人的故事，歌颂了Alyssa帮助他人的善良行为，由此可知，本文的主要目的是歌颂Alyssa的善良。故选D项。
5.【河南省南阳市第一中学校2022-2023学年高三上学期测试】
【答案】8．A 9．C 10．B 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新型的氢动力火车。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The new train model, called the Coradia ilint, signifies the beginning of efforts in Germany and other nations to seek an alternative to pollution-producing diesel (柴油) trains, the number of which in circulation is still high.(这种名为Coradia ilint的新型列车标志着德国和其他国家开始努力寻找一种能产生污染的柴油列车的替代品，目前流通中的柴油列车数量仍然很高。)”可知，建造新型火车的目的是取代产生污染的柴油列车, 故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“But Alstom officials say the operating costs are much lower.(但阿尔斯通官员表示，运营成本要低得多。)”可知，氢动力火车的优点是运行成本比较低，故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段的“The train is powered by a hydrogen fuel cell, its only emission being steam and condensed water.(列车由氢燃料电池驱动，唯一的排放物是蒸汽和冷凝水。)”可知，新的氢动力火车其唯一的排放物是水和蒸汽，所以是环保的，因此能促进绿色出行，故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The world’s first hydrogen-powered trains have been unveiled in Germany. They began carrying passengers Monday in Germany’s northern Lower Saxony state. The new train will run 100-kilometer trips and can travel up to 140 kilometers an hour.(世界上第一列氢动力列车在德国亮相。这些列车于周一在德国北部下萨克森州开始搭载乘客。新列车的运行里程为100公里，最高时速可达140公里。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是世界上第一辆新型的氢动力火车的研制及其特点，因此最好的题目是C选项“The First-ever Hydrogen Trains(有史以来第一辆氢动力列车)”，故选C。
6.【湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三试题】
【答案】4．A 5．C 6．B 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了美国最高法院裁定推翻罗伊诉韦德案，让各州决定女性是否拥有堕胎的权利。
4．词句猜测题。根据第五段的“Democratic-controlled states like California and New York will cast themselves as abortion sanctuaries, welcoming women from places where the procedure has been outlawed. There are 20 states in all where abortion will remain a protected right. About 26.5 million women of childbearing age live in those states.(像加利福尼亚和纽约这样由民主党控制的州将把自己塑造成堕胎sanctuaries，欢迎来自堕胎被宣布为非法的地方的妇女。总共有20个州堕胎仍然是受保护的权利。大约有2650万育龄妇女生活在这些州。)”可知，那些因堕胎而被宣布为违法的女性可以生活在像纽约和加利福尼亚等州，这些州有保护堕胎的权利，因此可知，加利福尼亚和纽约这样的州对这些女性来说是避难圣地，因此可推知划线词与选项A“Refuges(避难所)”意思相近。故选A项。
5．推理判断题。根据第六段“As abortion clinics close down in states that have outlawed the practice, many more are expected to open near state borders in places where it is still allowed. Those who don’t have the time or money to travel may resort to other means — such as ordering abortion-inducing pills online — even if it is illegal.(随着堕胎诊所在禁止这种做法的州关闭，预计会有更多的诊所在州边界附近仍然允许堕胎的地方开业。那些没有时间或金钱去到那里的人可能会诉诸其他方式——比如在网上订购人工流产药丸——即使这是非法的。)”可知，虽然在禁止堕胎的州内关闭了一些诊所，但是在允许堕胎的一些边境地方将会开设更多的诊所，并且人们还会网上订购人工流产药丸来堕胎，因此推知，女性们仍然会选择各种方式来堕胎。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段的“The court has a 6-3 conservative super majority, thanks to the three justices appointed by Donald Trump. He made a specific campaign promise to appoint judges who would overturn Roe v Wade—and those appointments will probably be his most lasting legacy.(因为唐纳德·特朗普任命的三名大法官，最高法院以6比3的比例获得了保守派的绝对多数。特朗普在竞选中做出了明确的承诺，将任命推翻罗伊诉韦德案的法官——这些任命可能是他最持久的遗产。)”可知，特朗普任命的法官推翻了罗伊诉韦德案，由此可知，唐纳德·特朗普反对堕胎，B项“Donald Trump made effort to abandon abortion.(唐纳德·特朗普努力废除堕胎)”说法正确。故选B项。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段的“The Supreme Court decided to overturn Roe v Wade, starting a fresh battle in this decades-long fight over abortion. In a 6-3 ruling, the court found that there was no constitutional right to abortion, turning the decision of whether to allow abortions or not up to the states. Millions of women are now expected to lose access.(美国最高法院最终决定推翻罗伊诉韦德案，开启了这场持续数十年的流产之争的新篇章。在一项6比3的裁决中，法院发现宪法中没有堕胎的权利，将是否允许堕胎的决定权转向了各州。现在，预计数百万妇女将无法享有这项权利。)”可知，本文主要报道了美国否定了罗伊诉韦德案，使得妇女享有的堕胎权丢失，所以“Roe v Wade overturned, abortion right lost(罗伊诉韦德案被推翻，堕胎权丧失)”是最佳标题。故选C项。
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