【高考二轮题型复习】2023年高考英语题型精讲精练学案（新高考）——专题17 夹叙夹议类完形填空（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份【高考二轮题型复习】2023年高考英语题型精讲精练学案（新高考）——专题17 夹叙夹议类完形填空（原卷版+解析版），文件包含专题18记叙文类完形填空解析版docx、专题18记叙文类完形填空原卷版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共212页， 欢迎下载使用。
专题18 记叙文类完形填空（解析版）
完形填空是语言知识运用的第一节，共20小题，每小题1.5分。在一篇约250词的短文中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。

一、思维导图


二、题型分析
1. 考情分析
全国卷对完形填空的考查，近几年来一直以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，以说明文和议论文为辅。从选材到试题的设置都呈现出＂稳中有变＂的特点：
1. 题材相对稳定：文章的选材都是中学生熟悉的话题，能够传递正能量，弘扬社会主义核心价值观，读后能给考生带来心灵的启迪。且文章大多原汁原味，语言地道，注重思想性和教育性，具有积极的教育意义，体现出了课程标准中对培养学生的情感、态度和价值观的要求。
2. 文章短小精悍：完形填空的文章长度一般为250词左右，结构完整，脉络清晰，难度适中，全文设置20个空格，要求考生根据文章的整体内容，从层次结构和上下文的逻辑关系方面选择符合文章情节的选项，很少涉及纯语法知识试题。
3. 稳定中有变化：近几年高考完形填空在选项的设置上，打破了传统的四个选项类别一致的命题规律。如2019年浙江卷第41题和45题四个选项中两个动词短语，两个为动词； 2015年全国卷Ⅰ的第44题的四个选项中，有两个以-ly结尾的副词，另外两个副词为outside和by；2016年全国卷Ⅰ的第52题的四个选项中设置了三个形容词和一个副词，第47题和第54题的四个选项均由两个动词及两个动词词组构成，第59题把两个动词及两个介词短语设置为一组选项。此外，2016年增加了对代词的考查，考生备考时需要注意。
2. 文章特点
记叙文一直受高考完形填空命题者的青睐，在高考完形填空题材中占有相当大的比重。这是因为其有人物、情节发展等线索可循，内容情节深刻，常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写，篇章与语句的结构变化丰富多彩。这种类型的试题，更能考查考生根据文章的整体内容选择符合文章情节的答案，可以充分体现考生对事物的应变能力。仔细研读近几年高考完形填空我们不难发现，记叙文是出现频率最高的一类文体，多以记人和叙事为主。具体地说，它是借助叙述、描写等手段记叙社会中的人物和事件发展过程，用以表现作者的态度和观点。记叙文多以人的思想和行为为中心，以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述。研读记叙型完形填空，可看出以下趋势：
　　1.首句完整，线索清楚
　　一般作者在第一句话就交代了人物的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结果。
　　2.叙述灵活，侧重语境。
　　文章以叙述为主，人物间对话较少，绝大部分篇章是作者在描述事件，较少加入作者的观点或评论。因此，常会出现态度与观点的跳跃变换，或语气上的差异。这增加了情景的迷惑性和干扰性，从而突出了对语境的依赖，实现了在理解上下文的基础上，通过语境，辨析词语，作出选择。
　　3.实词为主，虚词为辅。
高考记叙型完形填空，篇章不长，一般在200～280个词左右，始终紧扣话题中心，形成一个主题连续体。选项一般为同一词类或同一范畴。重点集中于动词、名词、形容词或副词等实词上，介词、连词、冠词等虚词的考查相对较少。实词为主，虚词为辅，更能体现在语境中考查英语运用能力这一思路。
3. 基本技能
在记叙文类完形填空的解题过程中，除了需要具备扎实的语言知识之外，还需要一套过硬的解题方法和技巧，很明显，如果掌握了正确的解题思路，就会起到事半功倍的效果，从而大幅度提高正确率。
1. 读透首句，掌握主旨
重视首句，明确短文话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。绝大多数记叙文的作者都会用一句话点明人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结论，所以读透句首对学生了解全文至关重要，这就是我们理解文章内在联系的＂突破口＂。
2. 跳空速读全文，掌握中心
速读全文要求一气呵成，跳过空格，快速阅读，领会大意，把握中心。重点了解记叙文的要素，如：时间、地点、人物和事件等，从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。
3. 身临其境，故事重构
采取换位思考的方式，假设自己就是故事的主人公，在此情此景下，模拟故事的情景，体会人物的心情，推理故事的发展，体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等，这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握，才能选出符合语境的选项。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常识。
4. 关注末段，注意感想
最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适的形容词、副词、动词或名词等。
5. 浏览全文，复查核定
根据记叙文的线索，考生一定要进行回查，仔细推敲，校正全文，使故事恢复原貌。检查要点是：
（1）语意是否前后一致；
（2）上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整；
（3）所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构；
（4）文化背景和生活常识是否合理。

三．考试技巧详解

做完形填空题，最大的禁忌就是急于求成、脱离语篇，凭主观臆断，造成“只见树木，不见森林”的片面性错误，应当通过第一遍的通读全文判断该题所属的层次类型。
1. 上下语境法
(2020全国Ⅱ卷)
Nicolo and another bidder battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for ＄32…“That's the garden in our picture,” Nicolo's son told his father. They eventually learned that the painting they 56 was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.”
56. A. owned B. borrowed C. sold D. stole
解析：由上文的“Nicolo finally won the paintings for ＄32”可知，这幅画是尼科洛竞拍获得的，故此处指他们“拥有(owned)”的这幅画。故选A项。

(2020全国Ⅰ卷)
Windows and doors have 53 metaphorical (比喻) meanings. I'm telling them they can't open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in life they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity (机会) of some sort…
A.traditional B. important C. double D. original
解析: 由下文的“like an opportunity (机会) of some sort” 可知, 此处表示门和窗都有重要的比喻意义, 即指生活中的机遇。故选B项。

2. 固定搭配法
1. (2015·北京高考)
Dario’s mother smiled at Mrs. Gilbert. “I think maybe we _______ you an apology，” she said.
A. give　　B. send C．offer D．owe
解析：本题属于句内层次题，可以利用固定结构解题。owe sb. an apology为固定搭配，意为“应向某人道歉”。

2. (2015·福建高考)
However, life can be _______ when you are not busy finding fault with it.
A. lonely B．great C．quiet D．uneasy
解析：本题可以利用生活常识和文化背景解题。根据生活常识，当你不再对生活处处挑剔的时候，生活当然会是“极好的，好的”。

3. 词语复现法
1． (2020全国Ⅲ卷·45)
But like anyone for whom you feel affection, customers can also drive you mad… They'll have out half the ________ in the shop, and want the only style you don't have left in a particular colour.
解析：由后文“I think almost all the people in the town were there.” 可知， 镇上几乎所有的人都在那里，因此full(满的)符合语境，故选B项。

2． (2020全国Ⅱ卷·47)
When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he ________ the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he had moved from Turin.
A. held B. left C. registered D. brought
解析：由空处前的 “When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily”及下文的“he had moved from Turin”可知，尼科洛之前住在都灵，他把在都灵居住时拍卖获得的画“带到(brought)”了西西里岛。

4. 逻辑关系法
1. (2020全国Ⅲ卷·47)
As a businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, customers can also drive you mad… I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep ______.
A. fighting B. smiling C. waiting D. changing
解析：转折关系。由空前的“how upset the shop staff”和表转折的连词but可知，此处应指作者知道店员们遇到这种情况会有多沮丧, 但是作者努力说服店员们保持“微笑(smiling)”。

2. (2017全国Ⅱ卷·43)
In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day, 27 kids entered “The Thinking Laboratory”. That was the name students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too ______.
A. small B. dark C. strange D. dull
解析：因果关系。学生认为“Room 104”教室太dull (无聊，没有乐趣)，所以把教室的名字叫做“思想实验室”。前后为因果关系，故选D项。

3. (2017全国Ⅲ卷·51)
…and received thousands of e-mails, including thirty from actual Elizabeth Gallaghers with the right passports. “More ______, there are hundreds of Canadians who are interested in writing their name to Elizabeth Gallagher,” Axani said…
A. interesting B. annoying C. satisfying D. convincing
解析：递进关系。空格后的内容提到, 很多加拿大人为了拿到机票, 竟然想把名字改为Elizabeth Gallagher，Axani觉得这更“有意思(interesting)”。与上文的内容构成递进关系。故选A项。

4. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷·43)
And, even if I weren't _______ enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me.
A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired
解析：让步关系。根据was appealing可知，即便“我”对免费学分没那么“兴奋 (excited)”，但关于指导老师的消息也足够吸引“我”。 前后为让步关系，故选A项。worried担心的，焦虑的；moved感动的；tired疲惫的，累的。

5. 背景常识法
1. (2020全国Ⅰ卷·52) I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the consequences. I have a very strong fear that the lie we're telling is doing _______ damage to our children.
A. physical B. biological C. spiritual D. behavioral
解析：结合常识可知，父母撒谎会给孩子带来 “精神上的(spiritual)”伤害。physical意为“身体的”; biological意为“生物的”; behavioral意为“行为的”。

2. (2019全国Ⅰ卷·43) The crowds might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the ______ of Kilimanjaro.
A. position B. age C. face D. name
解析：由前文的“The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing”可知，冰川正在消失；结合常识可知，冰川是乞力马扎罗山地貌之一，所以冰山融化会改变乞力马扎罗山的地貌(face)，故选C项。

6. 情感态度法
1. (2020全国Ⅰ卷·52) I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the consequences. I have a very strong fear that the lie we're telling is doing _______ damage to our children.
A. physical B. biological C. spiritual D. behavioral
解析：结合常识可知，父母撒谎会给孩子带来 “精神上的(spiritual)”伤害。physical意为“身体的”; biological意为“生物的”; behavioral意为“行为的”。

2. (2019全国Ⅰ卷·43) The crowds might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the ______ of Kilimanjaro.
A. position B. age C. face D. name
解析：由前文的“The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing”可知，冰川正在消失；结合常识可知，冰川是乞力马扎罗山地貌之一，所以冰山融化会改变乞力马扎罗山的地貌(face)，故选C项。

3. (2020全国Ⅲ卷·5) She was displeased with absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather ______ that she became a “regular”.
A. relaxed B. delighted
C. surprised D. embarrassed
解析：由空前的 “She was displeased with absolutely everything, nothing was right”可知，这位顾客对一切都不满意, 觉得什么都不对; 结合空后的 “she became a ‘regular’ ”可知，她后来居然成了一位常客。这样一位难打交道的顾客能成为常客, 作者应是对此“感到吃惊(surprised)”。

四、高考真题
一、2022年高考真题
1． 【2022年新高考1卷】
My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our ___41___ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we ___42___ along Chalk Creek. I was ___43___ that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was ___44___, and his crying let the whole campground know it. So ___45___ tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It ___46___ — he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we ___47___, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___48___ our peaceful morning trip. The ___49___ picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to _____50_____ the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No _____51_____. We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there _____52_____, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were _____53_____.
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of _____54_____, wondering what camping fun and _____55_____ we will experience next.
41. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries
42. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled
43. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried
44. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid
45. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D. as for
46. A. worked B. happened C. mattered D. changed
47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off
48. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded
49. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed
50. A. find B. hide C. start D. fix
51. A. luck B. answer C. wonder D. signal
52. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly
53. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right
54. A. relief B. duty C. pride D. excitement
55. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict
【答案】
41. C 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. A 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. C
51. A 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和家人在旅行过程中经历过的趣事与冒险，并且作者和家人都十分期待即将经历的冒险。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的一些记忆很有趣，尤其是在早些年我们的孩子很小的时候。A. ideas想法；B. jokes笑话；C. memories记忆；D. discoveries发现。根据上文“have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years”以及下文“especially from the early years when our children were little”可推知，此处指作者认为自己与家人一起冒险的一些记忆是有趣的。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我们沿着白垩溪露营。A. camped露营；B. drove开车；C. walked散步；D. cycled骑自行车。根据上文“My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.”可知，此处指作者与家人一起在溪边露营。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我担心我们15个月大的孩子会掉进小溪里。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. surprised惊讶的C. disappointed失望的；D. worried担心的。根据下文“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”可推知，此处指作者担心自己的孩子会掉进小溪里，所以才在他的腰上系了一根绳子。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很不舒服，他的哭声让整个营地都知道了这一点。A. unhurt未受伤的；B. unfortunate不幸的；C. uncomfortable不舒服的；D. unafraid无所畏惧的。根据上文“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”以及下文“his crying let the whole campground know it”可推知，此处指孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以才会哭。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：所以我没有把他绑起来，而是密切关注着他。A. due to由于；B. instead of代替、而不是；C. apart from除了；D. as for至于。根据上文“He was uncomfortable, and his crying let the whole campground know it.”以及下文“I just kept a close eye on him”可推知，此处指孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以作者放弃在他身上绑绳子，而是密切关注着他。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它起作用了，他最终没有掉进小溪里。A. worked起作用；B. happened发生；C. mattered事关紧要；D. changed改变。根据下文“he didn’t end up in the creek.”可推知，此处指作者的密切关注起作用了，孩子没有掉进小溪里。故选A。
【47题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. signed up注册、报名；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. checked out退房、结账离开；D. headed off启程、出发。根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文“but storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指天气突然变化，出发时还天气晴朗。故选D。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. arranged安排；B. interrupted中断；C. completed完成；D. recorded记录。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly”以及下文“our peaceful morning trips”可推知，此处指风暴来临，作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A. wind风；B. noise噪音；C. temperature温度；D. speed速度。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指大风刮了起来。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我丈夫停止钓鱼来启动马达。A. find找到；B. hide隐藏；C. start启动；D. fix修理。根据下文“Nothing. He tried again.”以及“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指作者的丈夫尝试将船启动。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有好运。A. luck好运；B. answer回答；C. wonder惊奇；D. signal信号。根据下文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指作者的丈夫再次尝试启动，也没有获得好运，船依然无法启动。故选A。
【52题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们无助地坐在那里时，一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子并把我们拖了回来。A. patiently耐心地；B. tirelessly不知疲倦地；C. doubtfully怀疑地；D. helplessly无助地。根据上文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指在天气恶劣的情况下船无法启动了，作者与家人十分无助地坐着。故选D。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们安全了。A. sorry抱歉的；B. brave勇敢的；C. safe安全的；D. right正确的。根据上文“a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed us back”可推知，此处指得到了渔夫的帮助，作者和家人安全了。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时，我们都会充满兴奋，想知道接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险。A. relief救济；B. duty职责；C. pride自豪；D. excitement兴奋。结合语境，再根据下文“wondering what camping fun”可推知，此处指作者期待接下来的露营，充满兴奋。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时，我们都会充满兴奋，想知道接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险。A. failure失败；B. adventure冒险；C. performance表现；D. conflict冲突。根据上文“Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of excitement, wondering what camping fun and”以及下文“we will experience next”可推知，此处指作者与家人十分期待即将经历的冒险。故选B。

2． 【2022年全国甲卷】
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___41___ was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with ___42___. When I first dated Steve, I ___43___ he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was ___44___ that he was an animal lover, I ___45___ that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack ___46___, the cat.
The next week we ___47___ our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our ___48___, Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚)? I liked him too, but so ___49___? He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. ______50______, I began to fall for him.
We ______51______ to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her ______52______. I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly ______53______ climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve ______54______ his house. All worked ______55______. The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, ______56______ Flora’s space; Steve and I formed a good team ______57______ for Tilly. We made good housemates.
A year later, much to my ______58______, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I ______59______ him to. That’s only for giving ______60______ to the dogs that brought us together.
41. A. ownership B. membership C. companionship D. leadership
42. A. reservations B. expectations C. confidence D. prejudice
43. A. feared B. doubted C. hoped D. learned
44. A. unsatisfied B. amused C. terrified D. thrilled
45. A. predicted B. worried C. regretted D. insisted
46. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly
47. A. tied B. walked C. bathed D. fed
48. A. breath B. balance C. attention D. imagination
49. A. calm B. sure C. soon D. real
50. A. By the way B. In that case C. By all means D. In that moment
51. A. continued B. decided C. intended D. pretended
52. A. eye B. tail C. ear D. leg
53. A. secretly B. constantly C. eventually D. unwillingly
54. A. left B. sold C. suggested D. searched
55. A. late B. hard C. fine D. free
56. A. emptied B. respected C. occupied D. discovered
57. A. looking B. caring C. waiting D. calling
58. A. delight B. credit C. interest D. disadvantage
59. A. beg B. trust C. need D. aid
60. A. toys B. awards C. food D. water
【答案】

41. C 42. A 43. D 44. D 45. B 46. A 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. D
51. A 52. D 53. B 54. C 55. C 56. B 57. B 58. A 59. C 60. D

【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者认为你可以从一个男人对待他的狗的方式来了解他很多，作者多年和两只爱犬生活在一起，去年开始和拥有猫狗的史蒂夫约会，但有所保留，因为一次遛狗时史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者渐渐对史蒂夫产生好感，在之后的接触中，史蒂夫和作者一起照顾作者的爱犬，一年后史蒂夫向作者求婚。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. ownership所有权；B. membership会员；C. companionship陪伴；D. leadership领导。由上文的“For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. (多年来，我喜欢和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起)”可知，作者多年和狗狗生活在一起，可得出狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。故选C项。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，我开始约会，但有所保留。A. reservations保留；B. expectations期望；C. confidence信心；D. prejudice偏见。由下文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗)”和“I began to fall for him (我开始爱上他)”可知，作者是在第二周和史蒂夫一起遛狗时，因为史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者才对史蒂夫产生好感，可得出刚开始约会时，因为不熟悉史蒂夫的品行，作者还是有所保留的。故选A项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时，我得知他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫。A. feared恐惧；B. doubted怀疑；C. hoped希望；D. learned得知。由上文的“When I first dated Steve (当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时)”和常识可知，第一次约会会得知对方相关情况，作者从而得知史蒂夫有一只狗和一只猫。故选D项。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. unsatisfied不满意的；B. amused愉快的；C. terrified害怕的；D. thrilled非常开心的。由下文的“he was an animal lover (他是一个动物爱好者)”可知，得知史蒂夫是一个动物爱好者，多年和两只爱犬生活在一起的作者应该是感到愉快高兴。故选D项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. predicted预测；B. worried担心；C. regretted后悔；D. insisted坚持。由下文的“three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack 6 the cat (三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫)”可知，作者认为三条狗可能太多了，且自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫，针对这种情况，作者是担忧的。故选B项。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. Flora弗洛拉；B. Chance机会；C. Molly莫莉；D. Tilly蒂莉。选项指的是文中动物名词。由上文的“he had a dog, Molly, and a car, Flora (他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫)”可知，此处指作者担心自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora。故选A项。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二周，我们一起遛狗。A. tied系；B. walked牵着（动物）走；C. bathed沐浴；D. fed喂养。由本处的“ 7 our dogs together (一起……我们的狗)”以及下文“When we paused”可知，作者和史蒂夫在一起遛狗。故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们停下来休息时，史蒂夫单膝跪下。A. breath呼吸；B. balance平衡；C. attention注意力；D. imagination想象。由上文的“It was a hot day. When we paused (那是一个炎热的日子。当我们停下)”可知，那天很热，遛狗的二人停下来休息一下，catch one’s breath (休息一下、歇一口气)。 故选A项。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也喜欢他，但这么快？A. calm冷静的；B. sure确定的；C. soon很快的；D real真正的。由上文的“The next week (第二周)”和“Was he proposing (求婚)? (他在求婚吗)”可知，二人才认识两周，作者以为史蒂夫要向自己求婚，认为进展太快了。故选C项。
【50题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：就在那一刻，我开始爱上他。A. By the way顺便说一句；B. In that case那样的话；C. By all means务必；D. In that moment那一刻。由上文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗)”和下文的“I began to fall for him (我开始爱上他)”可知，就在史蒂夫把水给作者爱犬喝的那一刻，还有所保留的作者卸下心防，对史蒂夫产生好感。故选D项。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们继续约会，虽然我们都没有提到未来。A. continued继续；B. decided决定；C. intended打算；D. pretended假装。由上文的“I began to fall for him (我开始爱上他)”可知，作者对史蒂夫产生好感，可得出二人会继续约会。故选A项。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：11月下旬，Tilly的腿做了一次手术。A. eye眼睛；B. tail尾巴；C. ear耳朵；D. leg腿。由下文的“I worried that Tilly 13 climbing the stairs could reopen the wound (我担心Tilly爬楼梯会使伤口重新裂开)”可知，作者担心爬楼会影响Tilly的伤口，可得出Tilly的腿做了手术。故选D项。
【53题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一天带狗出去四次，我担心Tilly不断地爬楼梯会使伤口重新裂开。A. secretly秘密地；B. constantly不断地；C. eventually最终；D. unwillingly不情愿地。由上文的“I took the dogs out four times a day (我一天带狗出去四次)”可知，作者一天带狗出去四次，可得出狗狗（包括Tilly）要不断地爬楼梯。故选B项。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后史蒂夫离开了他的房子。A. left离开；B. sold卖；C. suggested建议，推荐；D. searched搜寻。由下文的“We made good housemates. (我们是很好的室友)”可知，二人成为室友。可以推断出来，因为害怕作者的狗爬楼梯不方便，所以建议作者搬过去一起住。故选C项。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一切都很好。A. late晚的；B. hard困难的；C. fine好的；D. free自由的。由下文的“The three dogs formed a pack (这三条狗组成了一个团队)”和“Steve and I formed a good team (史蒂夫和我组成了一个好团队)”“We made good housemates. (我们是很好的室友)”可知，狗狗相处友好，作者和史蒂夫相处也友好，可得出一切都好。故选C项。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A. emptied清空；B. respected尊重；C. occupied占据；D. discovered发现。由上文的“my dogs might attack 6 , the cat (我的狗可能会攻击猫)”和“The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching (这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下)”可知，起初作者担心自己的狗会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora，但作者的狗和史蒂夫的狗相处友好，可得出在训练下，狗不会去攻击猫，结合动物的领地意识可知，此处指狗尊重猫的空间。故选B项。
【57题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A. looking看；B. caring照顾；C. waiting等待；D. calling打电话。由上文的“Tilly had an operation (Tilly做了一次手术)”可知，作者的狗Tilly做过手术，史蒂夫和作者一起居住后，和作者一起照顾术后康复的Tilly。故选B项。
【58题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一年后，令我非常高兴的是，这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚。A. delight高兴；B. credit信用；C. interest兴趣；D. disadvantage缺点。由下文的“this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me (这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚)”可知，史蒂夫向作者求婚，作者应该是感到高兴。故选A项。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有跪下，我也不需要他跪下。A. beg乞求；B. trust信任；C. need需要；D. aid帮助。由上文的“He did not kneel (跪) down (他没有跪下)”和常识可知，一般求婚是要下跪的，但史蒂夫没有下跪，作者对此并不在意，因为作者不需要他下跪。故选C项。
【60题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是给爱犬喝水的举动把我们带到一起。A. toys玩具；B. awards奖励；C. food食物；D. water水。由上文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 10 , I began to fall for him. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗。我开始爱上他)”可知，就在史蒂夫把水给作者爱犬喝的那一刻，还有所保留的作者卸下心防，对史蒂夫产生好感，所以是“给爱犬喝水”的举动让二人走到了一起。故选D项。

3． 【2022年1月浙江卷】
When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy-four last year, she started having problems with her 36       , notably dryness and discomfort.
"I was simply 37     a terrible experience," Ms. Burdeyney said at  her home in Toronto. "I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my 38       was affected."
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had 39      problems and  discovered that they were largely suffering in 40     . "Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so 41      ," she said. "But more and more are suffering and lives are being 42        ."
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research 43       at Tel Aviv University in Israel .The research team 44       Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done 45    work on eye care using stem cells. Seeing a ray of hope ,Ms.Burdeyney began raising 46     for the project with a friend, Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman. 47    she has raised $110,000 with another $40,000 48       .
"I'm trying to get more and more people to 49       that there are solutions(解决办法)," said Ms. Burdeyney, a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer  after 50      . "I say there is no old 51       , there's only neglect(忽视). Don't stand 52        , do something about it."
Ms. Burdeyney 53      that she was hoping to do more for the research project. "I just want to bring54     into people's eyes and this is just the 55      ."There is still a long way to go.”
36.A. throat      B.skin       C.lungs     D.eyes
37.A.getting over    B.going through   C.holding on   D.passing down
38.A.story       B.treatment    C.life   D.relationship
39.A.similar   B.various C.personal   D.special
40.A.turn   B.peace   C.vain   D.silence
41.A.unbearable B.abnormal C.insignificant D.disturbing
42.A.compromised  B.forgotten   C.substituted   D.separated
43.A.course B.program   C.paper   D.conference
44.A.informed B.doubted   C.included   D.dismissed
45.A.part-time B.controversial   c.voluntary   D.ground-breaking
46.A.money   B.standards   C.awareness D.questions
47.A.As ever B.So far   C.In return   D.Once again
48.A.wasted B.donated   C.expected D.earned
49.A.imagine B.confirm   C.remember   D.understand
50.A.retirement  B.childbirth   C.graduation D.marriage
51.A.time B.rule C.age   D.tale
52.A.straight   B.still    C.firm   D.alone
53.A.commented   B.learned   C.reminded   D.added
54.A.light    B.joy   C.color   D.beauty
55.A.future   B.beginning   C.truth   D.meaning
【答案】36-40:DBCAD 41-45CABCD 46-50ABCDA 51-55CBDAB
【解析】：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位患有眼疾的老太太在得知自己的朋友也饱受眼疾困扰后，为眼科研究项目募集资金，希望能够给眼疾病人带来光明的故事。
【详解】
【36 题详解】D 根据下文 Ms．Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research 可知， Burdeyney 女士患的是眼部（eyes）疾病。
【37 题详解】B 根据上文 Burdeyney 女士患了眼疾，主要症状为眼部干涩不适可知，她在经历（going through）一种糟糕的体验。
【38 题详解】C 患眼疾之后，Burdeyney 女士感到十分无助且缺乏安全感，这是由于眼疾影响了她的生活（life）质量。
【39 题详解】A 根据下文...discovered that they were largely suffering... more and more are suffering and lives are being...可知，Burdeyney 女士应该是和一 些患有相似（similar）疾病的朋友们交谈。
【40 题详解】D 根据下文的 Nobody chooses to talk about it 可知，大部分眼疾患者都保持沉默（silence）。
【41 题详解】C 根据上句和所在句的句意可知，患者们默默地忍受病痛，不去谈论自己的眼疾，以及后句But...推知，眼疾在人们看来是微不足道的（insignificant）疾病，其余选项均不符合句意。
【42 题详解】A But引出语意的转折，点明了患者们的生活现状，即越来越多的人遭受眼疾困扰，生活受到影响，深陷无奈（compromised）。
【43 题详解】B 根据最后一段中的 the research project可知，这是一个眼科研究项目(program)。
【44 题详解】C 由下文内容可知，加拿大医生 Allan Slomovic是这一研究团队的一员，即这一团队包括（included）这名医生。
【45 题详解】D 根据下文的 using stem cells 和 Seeing a ray of hope 可知，AllanSlomovic 医生利用干细胞在眼保健方面做出了开创性的（ground-breaking）工作，这让Burdeyney 女士看到一线希望。
【46 题详解】A 根据下文的 she has raised ＄110,000 with another ＄40,000...可知，Burdeyney 女士为这一研究项目募集资金（money）。
【47 题详解】B 根据空白处后的she has raised ＄110,000可知，此处是说到目前为止（So far），她已经募集了11万美元。
【48 题详解】C Burdeyney 女士已经募集了11万美元，预计（expected）还能再募集4万美元。
【49 题详解】D Burdeyney 女士努力让越来越多的人认识到（understand）有办法解决眼疾困扰。
【50 题详解】A 文章第一段提到 Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy-four last year， 由此可知 Burdeyney 女士已经退休（retirement）。
【51 题详解】C Burdeyney 女士认为不存在老年（age）的问题，只有对眼疾的忽视。
【52 题详解】B 根据空白处后的 do something about it 可知，要做点什么，不要站着不动。stand still 意为“站着不动；止步不前”，符合语境。
【53 题详解】D 空白处后提到Burdeyney 女士希望自己能够为这个研究项目做出更多的贡献，这是在她说完上一段话语后表达自己的愿望，故added符合语境。
【54 题详解】A 根据空白处后的 into people＇s eyes可知，Burdeyney 女士想给人们的眼睛带来光明（light）。
【55 题详解】B 根据空白处后的 There is still a long way to go．可知，这仅仅是开始(beginning)。

学生需要掌握的重难点词汇：
notably adv 尤其，特别（近especially）；
dryness n 干燥（dry ＋-ness）；
discomfort n 不舒服，不适（dis- ＋ comfort）；
insecure adj［学术词］不安全的（in-＋secure）；
insignificant adj［学术词］微不足道的，无足轻重的（in-＋significant）；
compromise vt［熟词生义］使陷入危险；
ground-breaking adj 开创性的，创新的；
retirement n 退休（retire＋-ment）；
still adj［熟词生义］静止的；
go through 经历，遭受；
stem cell干细胞；
a ray of hope 一线希望
4． 【2022年新高考2卷】
Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it ___21___ . She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive ___22___ , but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel ___23___ .
They’re part of a new form of the ___24___ economy: an online group of house sitters. Throughout their no-cost stays in ___25___ homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s ___26___ .
It’s not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully ___27___ their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to ___28___ . But house sitting also offers a level of ___29___ they can’t find in a hotel. “It’s like ____30____ at a friend’s house,” Jessica says.
The couple has a high ____31____ rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner’s ____32____ . For Jessica, that means ____33____ plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house ____34____ and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house. “You want to make the homeowner feel that they made the right ____35____ ,” she says.
21. A. indoors B. online C. single-handed D. full-time
22. A. game B. service C. vacation D. procedure
23. A. safe B. busy C. helpful D. affordable
24. A. local B. private C. sharing D. agricultural
25. A. strangers’ B. parents’ C. co-workers’ D. neighbors’
26. A. favor B. defense C. honor D. absence
27. A. plan B. explain C. compare D. complete
28. A. buy B. transport C. choose D. please
29. A. support B. comfort C. control D. attention
30. A. cooking B. staying C. waiting D. studying
31. A. success B. survival C. growth D. unemployment
32. A. budget B. abilities C. expectations D. understanding
33. A. admiring B. donating C. sending D. borrowing
34 A. clean B. open C. simple D. empty
35. A. guess B. decision C. response D. impression
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Jessica和丈夫通过当看房人来环球旅行的事情。在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与他们中的大多数人不同，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。A. indoors室内；B. online在线的；C. single-handed单手的；D. full-time全职的。根据后文“She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. (在过去的两年里，她和她的丈夫周游世界，从巴黎到新加坡都在这里停留)”可知，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. game游戏；B. service服务；C. vacation假期；D. procedure手续。结合上文可知Jessica在环球旅行，所以是假期。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. safe安全的；B. busy忙碌的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. affordable买的起的。对应上文“It might sound like one long, expensive”指听起来昂贵，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们是共享经济新形式的一部分：在线看房者。A. local当地的；B. private私人的；C. sharing分享；D. agricultural农业的。根据后文“economy: an online group of house sitters”以及提到他们免费住在陌生人家里，可见是共享经济，故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. strangers’陌生人的；B. parents’父母的；C. co-workers’同事的；D. neighbors’邻居的。根据上文可知他们在环球旅行，所以是住在陌生人的家里。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. favor帮助；B. defense防御；C. honor荣誉；D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的日子。A. plan计划；B. explain解释；C. compare比较；D. complete完成。根据宾语“their trips”指计划旅行，应用plan。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的日子。A. buy购买；B. transport运输；C. choose选择；D. please取悦。根据上文“the pets that are sometimes difficult to”指某些宠物很难照管，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。A. support支持；B. comfort舒适，安慰；C. control控制；D. attention注意力。结合后文提到像住在朋友家，可见照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这就像住在朋友家一样，”Jessica说。A. cooking烹饪；B. staying停留；C. waiting等待；D. studying学习。根据后文“at a friend’s house”指像呆在朋友家，应用stay at。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。A. success成功；B. survival存活；C. growth生长；D. unemployment失业。根据后文“rate in getting accepted as house sitters”可知此处指他们被接受为看房人的成功率，应用success。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。A. budget预算；B. abilities能力；C. expectations期待；D. understanding理解。上文提到这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，是因为他们总是超出房主的预期，所以成功率才高。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对杰西卡来说，这意味着发送大量快乐宠物的照片，保持房子的清洁，在去下一个房子之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物。A. admiring钦佩；B. donating捐赠；C. sending发送；D. borrowing借来。根据后文“plenty of pictures of happy pets”指给房主发送宠物的照片。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对杰西卡来说，这意味着发送大量快乐宠物的照片，保持房子的清洁，在去下一个房子之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物。A. clean干净的；B. open开放的；C. simple简单的；D. empty空的。根据上文可知，他们的职责就是照看房子，所以要保持房子的清洁。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你要让房主觉得他们做了正确的决定，”她说。A. guess猜测；B. decision决定；C. response反应；D. impression印象。是房主选择了他们当看房人，所以是房主做了正确的决定，故选B。



二、2021年高考真题
1. 【2021年6月浙江卷】
My mother is 92. Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her      1      and visit the doctor, providing      2      and transportation. During the week, however, she likes to go to a nearby store to      3      some small things she needs.
Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to pay for her groceries, she was      4      about three dollars. The only      5      to pay for the groceries was to take off the      6      she could do without: a bottle of nubbing alcohol（医用酒精）and a bar of soap. By taking off these, she was able to      7      the new total to the amount of cash she had with her.
At this store, people      8      and then go off to the side to      9      their own groceries. My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a      10      came up her and said. "Here are the things that you      11      , " handing her the rubbing alcohol and the      12      . My mother, who is never speechless, was speechless. She      13      for the woman's name and address so that she could      14      her. The woman told her it was her      15      .
My mothet was so      16      by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier（收银员）a five-dollar bill to keep on hand      17      the same happened to someone else if they didn't have enough      18      for all of their groceries.
So, whoever you are, thank you for the random act of      19      that not only helped my mother out, but      20      too.
1.A.exercise B.housework C.cooking D.shopping
2.A.reward B.medicine C.company D.shelter
3.A.return B.collect C.order D.buy
4.A.short B.cautious C.wrong D.concerned
5.A.aim B.way C.advice D.reason
6.A.weight B.things C.mask D.glasses
7.A.raise B.add C.bring D.switch
8.A.show up B.call in C.check out D.sit down
9.A.store B.select C.deliver D.bag
10.A.stranger B.cashier C.friend D.doctor
11.A.looked for B.talked about C.threw away D.put back
12.A.receipt B.soap C.cash D.bottle
13.A.asked B.waited C.cared D.searched
14.A.repay B.trust C.recognize D.help
15.A.luck B.chance C.gift D.turn
16.A.surprised B.amused C.touched D.convinced
17.A.in case B.even if C.as though D.so that
18.A.energy B.money C.space D.time
19.A.faith B.courage C.kindness D.honor
20.A.made her day B.changed her mind C.caught her eye D.met her demand
【文章大意】本文是一篇温情小故事：“我”的母亲在商店买东西结账时，随身带的钱不够，一位陌生女士善意帮忙，母亲决心把这份爱心传递了下去。
【解析】
【1 题详解】D
考查名词辨析。A. exercise 运动；  B. housework 家务；  C. cooking烹饪； D. shopping购物。根据下一句 "但是在周中，她喜欢去附近的商店买一些她需要的小东西" 可知，我带母亲去购物（规律性的较大型采买）和看医生，故选D。
【2 题详解】C
考查名词辨析。A. reward报酬； B. medicine药品； C. company陪伴； D. shelter庇护，避难所。根据句意可知我带母亲是去购物和看医生，因此我提供的只能是陪伴和交通。易错项：注意providing作为伴随状语，其主语为句子主语I，而非doctor。故选C。
【3 题详解】D
考查动词辨析。A. return返回； B. collect收集； C. order命令，下单； D. buy购买。
根据句意 "但是在周中，她喜欢去附近的商店买一些她需要的小东西" 可知是 "购买"，故选D。
【4 题详解】A
考查形容词辨析。A. short短的，不足的，缺乏的； B. cautious谨慎小心的； C. wrong错的； D. concerned担心的，关心的。根据句意和下文可知母亲在购物结账时（when she went to pay…），发现差三元钱，short表示 "不足，缺少的"，故选A。
【5 题详解】B
考查名词辨析。A. aim目标； B. way方式； C. advice建议； D. reason理由。根据句意 "支付这些货品唯一的方式是拿掉一些可以不买的东西" 可知是pay的方式，故选B。
【6 题详解】B
考查名词辨析。A. weight重量；B. things东西；C. mask面具，口罩；D. glasses眼镜，玻璃杯。根据句意 "支付这些货品唯一的方式是拿掉一些可以不买的东西" 可知此处是去掉一些 "东西"，故选B。
【7 题详解】C
考查动词辨析。A. raise提高，筹集；养育；B. add添加；C. bring带来；使处于某种情况；把……移到；D. switch改变；转换。根据句意 "…她能让新的总额到达她随身携带的现金额" 可知是 "使total到达一个值"，故选C。
【8 题详解】C
考查动词词组辨析。A. show up出现，露面；B. call in召来，拜访；C. check out结账离开；D. sit down坐下。根据句意 "人们结账后然后离开到一边去装包自己的物品" 可知是 "结账"，故选C。
【9 题详解】D
考查动词辨析。A. store储存；B. select选择；C. deliver递送；D. bag把……装入袋中。根据句意 "人们结账后然后离开到一边去装包自己的物品" 可知是把买来的东西装袋，故选D。
【10 题详解】A
考查名词辨析。A. stranger陌生人；B. cashier收银员；C. friend朋友；D. doctor医生。根据下文（13空所在的句子）可知母亲问这位女士的姓名和地址，好去还钱；证明母亲不认识这位女士，因此选择陌生人，故选A。
【11 题详解】 D
考查动词词组辨析。A. looked for寻找；B. talked about谈论；C. threw away扔掉；D. put back放回。根据句意 "这是你……的东西"，递给母亲的正是她刚刚去掉（即放回商店）的医用酒精和肥皂，可知是填 "放回去" ，故选D。
【12 题详解】B
考查名词辨析。A. receipt收据；B. soap肥皂；C. cash现金；D. bottle瓶子。根据句意 "递给母亲的正是医用酒精和……" 并结合上文可知，正是6空所在句子中提到的酒精和肥皂，故选B。
【13 题详解】A
考查动词辨析。A. asked问；B. waited等待；C. cared关心，在意；D. searched寻找。根据句意 "她问这位女士的姓名和地址，好来还钱" 可知是询问，故选A。
【14 题详解】A
考查动词辨析。A. repay 归还，偿还；B. trust 信任；C. recognize 认出；D. help 帮助。根据句意可知母亲询问女士的姓名地址以便把钱归还给她。故选A。
【15 题详解】C
考查名词辨析。A. luck 运气；B. chance 机会，可能性；C. gift 礼物；D. turn （轮流的）机会。根据上下文可知，母亲想要把钱会给她，但是她拒绝了，因此此处意为：这是送你的（礼物）。故选C。
【16 题详解】 C
考查形容词辨析。A. surprised 惊讶的；B. amused 逗乐的；C. touched 感动的；D. convinced 坚信的。空格后的her gesture指的是上文陌生人的好心帮助，由此可知母亲的情感为 "感动的"。故选C。
【17 题详解】A
考查连词辨析。A. in case 万一；B. even if 即使；C. as though 好像；D. so that 以至于。根据句意：母亲决定给收银员5美元，万一别人也遇到同样的事情，也就是上文母亲遇到的买东西时钱不够的情况。故选A。
【18 题详解】B
考查名词辨析。A. energy 能量；B. money 金钱；C. space 空间；D. time 时间。根据句意：没有足够的钱买下所有的东西。故选B。
【19 题详解】C
考查名词辨析。A. faith 信念；B. courage 勇气；C. kindness 善良；D. honor 荣耀。根据上文这位陌生人对母亲的帮助可知此处为 "感谢你的善良举动"。故选C。
【20 题详解】A
考查词组辨析。A. made her day 使她心情愉悦； B. changed her mind 改变她的想法； C. caught her eye 吸引她的眼球；D. met her demand 满足她的要求。根据句意可知陌生人的善意不仅帮助了我们母亲，同时也使她心情愉悦。故选A。

2. 【2021年6月全国甲卷】
It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
Burchill was      1      at the hotel on business and planning to      2      some friends in the area. They had asked him to      3      some pepperoni（辣香肠） from back east. So he      4      a suitcase full of pepperoni. As he was      5      that it would be too warm, he      6      it out on the table near an open window. He thought his pepperoni was      7      and well chilled（冷却） and he      8     .
That's when things went      9      Eyy temenier walking down the long      10      and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls, " Burchill said in a recent letter of       11      to the 4-star hotel.“The seagulls immediately went      12      They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to      13      at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real      14      ."
Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion（莽撞）. “I have      15      and I admit responsibility for my      16     , " he said in the letter. “I come to you,      17     , to apologize for the damage I had      18      caused and to ask you to      19      my lifetime ban from the hotel."
His letter      20     . Banned from the hotel since 2001, Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.
1.A.studying B.staying C.looking D.packing
2.A.visit B.help C.follow D.make
3.A.sell B.have C.bring D.taste
4.A.filled B.locked C.abandoned D.lost
5.A.surprised B.pleased C.excited D.worried
6.A.dug B.cleared C.cut D.laid
7.A.delicious B.safe C.soft D.ready
8.A.left B.nodded C.waited D.regretted
9.A.far B.funny C.wrong D.blind
10.A.beach B.driveway C.hall D.table
11.A.application B.apology C.request D.invitation
12.A.hungry B.dead C.missing D.wild
13.A.wake up B.get out C.take off D.break in
14.A.mess B.puzzle C.fight D.challenge
15.A.recovered B.retired C.escaped D.matured
16.A.suffering B.plans C.madness D.actions
17.A.hands in pockets B.nose in the air C.hat in hand D.feet on the ground
18.A.indirectly B.deliberately C.cautiously D.secretly
19.A.replace B.remember C.reconsider D.renew
20.A.arrived B.worked C.ended D.disappeared
【文章大意】本文是记叙文，文章讲述了主人公酒店出差住店时的一次不愉快经历。主人公住酒店时，拿出来的香肠吸引了鸽子，而让宾馆收到损失。最后事情得到了圆满解决，主人公又再次成为宾馆的座上宾，宾馆也欢迎他随时回来。
【解析】
【1 题详解】D
考查动词。根据下文 "a suitcase full of pepperoni" 和 "he   26   it out on the table near an open window" 可知，Burchill装了满满一箱子的腊肠，因为担心太热，温度过高，他把香肠放到窗户的桌子上，一遍香肠可以冷却。由此可以推断他当时正在酒店收拾行李。A. studying 学习，研究B. staying待着C. looking看 D. packing打包，故选D。
【2 题详解】A
考查动词。根据下文 "They had asked him to  23   some pepperoni（辣香肠） from back east." 可知他的朋友叫他带点香肠给他们，所以这里应该是他去拜访朋友或者看望朋友。A. visit拜访B. help      帮助C. follow追随      D. make 交朋友。故选A。
【3 题详解】C
考查动词。根据上文，they 只带朋友，所以这里应该是让他带一些香肠过去。A. sell卖      B. have   拥有C. bring       带来D. taste 品尝。故选C。
【4 题详解】A
考查动词。前面是bring在根据上文，Burchill正在打包，所以这里应该是把箱子填满了香肠。A. filled 填满  B. locked     锁上C. abandoned 放弃D. lost丢失。故选A。
【5 题详解】D
考查形容词、副词。根据本句 "too warm" 所以这里应该是Burchill担心太热。A. surprised 吃惊的   B. pleased 高兴的    C. excited 兴奋的  D. worried担忧的。故选D。
【6 题详解】 D
考查动词。根据后问 "out on" 应该是他把香肠拿出来放到桌子上。A. dug 挖      B. cleared 清理     C. cut 剪断，切    D. laid放置。故选D。
【7 题详解】B
考查形容词、副词。他认为他的香肠会_____, 会冷却，所以他_____.这里应该是他觉得放在桌子上没问题，所以他离开了。A. delicious美味的   B. safe安全的       C. soft柔软的       D. ready准备好的。故选B。
【8 题详解】A
考查动词。他认为他的香肠会_____, 会冷却，所以他_____.这里应该是他觉得放在桌子上没问题，所以他离开了。A. left     离开     B. nodded 点头     C. waited 等待      D. regretted  后悔。故选A。
【9 题详解】C
考查形容词、副词。这里根据文章的首段，加拿大维多利亚州费尔蒙特皇后酒店(Fairmont Empress Hotel)的尼克•伯奇尔(Nick Burchill)被列入黑名单，至少部分罪魁祸首应该是海边的鸟儿。这里go wrong表示发生了意外。A. go far   成功，扬名    B. go funny    变得可笑       C. go wrong出错，出毛病   D.go blind 失明。故选C。
【10 题详解】C
考查名词。根据 "walking down the long   30__   and opening the door " 可以猜测这里应该是回了酒店，所以只能是走过长长的酒店的走廊。A. beach 海滩   B. driveway 车道  C. hall 走廊（熟词生义）D. table 桌子。故选C。
【11 题详解】B
考查名词。根据下文 "I come to you,    37   , to apologize for the damage I had " 可以得知，这里应该是道歉。A. application申请B. apology道歉  C. request 请求     D. invitation 邀请。故选B。
【12 题详解】D
考查形容词、副词。根据下文 "They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to    33    at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere." 可知，海鸥应该是着急出去。A. go hungry 饥饿的    B. go dead 死的；不起作用的    C. go missing 迷失的    D. go wild 疯狂的。故选D。
【13 题详解】B
考查短语。这里应该是海鸥应该是着急出去。A. wake up 唤醒   B. get out       出去     C. take off 脱下；起飞 D. break in 闯入。故选B。
【14 题详解】A
考查名词。根据前面 "The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down" 可知，此时的状况应该是一团糟。A. mess 乱糟糟     B. puzzle 谜团       C. fight   斗争       D. challenge 挑战。故选A。
【15 题详解】D
考查动词。空格后面我承认我对此事有责任，根据上文 "Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion伯奇尔年纪大了，也更聪明了，他把这件事归咎于年轻人的轻率行为" 和下文 "to apologize for the damage" 可以推测此时我应该是成熟了，长大了。A. recovered 恢复 B. retired 退休     C. escaped 逃跑    D. matured 成熟。故选D。
【16 题详解】 D
考查名词。同上，应该是为我的行为感到道歉。A. suffering 遭受      B. plans   计划       C. madness     疯狂       D. actions 行动。故选D。
【17 题详解】C
考查短语。根据后文，为了道歉， 那么应该是毕恭毕敬的道歉。A. hands in pockets     两手抄兜B. nose in the air 目中无人       C. hat in hand 毕恭毕敬地    D. feet on the ground 脚踏实地。故选C。
【18 题详解】A
考查形容词、副词。根据 "had caused" 在根据前文他的过失，所以很容易得知这里应该是无心之举。A. indirectly 间接地    B. deliberately 故意地       C. cautiously 小心谨慎地    D. secretly 秘密地。故选A。
【19 题详解】C
考查动词。根据 "my lifetime ban from the hotel" 应该是请求移除对我的黑明显限制。  A. replace     代替B. remember       记得 C. reconsider 重新考虑     D. renew 更新。故选C。
【20 题详解】B
考查动词。根据后文 "Burchill is now welcome to come back" 可知他现在已经不在黑名单中了，所以他的道歉是起了作用的。  A. arrived       到达B. worked 工作    C. ended 以……结束       D. disappeared 消失。故选B。

3. 【2021年6月全国乙卷】
Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a      1      just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different      2      of gratitude（感谢）.
My thoughts were soon      3      . We had a woman patient who was      4      from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while      5      to get into bed she collapsed （倒下）from what was      6      discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous,      7      the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though      8      , and was ready for discharge （出院） after four weeks.
She was      9      for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her      10      at her recovery.  As she was      11      she was eager to say      12      to each of us in the nursing team. When she      13      one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague      14      to accept it, saying that we were all just      15      our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then      16      : "Oh this isn't for the      17      I had. I take that as a      18      . No, this is for setting my hair yesterday."
And there you have it. To many people,      19      lives is part of the job but styling hair is an      20      and should be rewarded.
1. A. cleaner B. chemist C. nurse D. doctor
2. A. grades B. meanings C. needs D. expectations
3. A. brushed aside B. put to the test C. brought under discussion D. taken into account
4. A. departing B. escaping C. retiring D. recovering
5. A. attempting B. choosing C. pausing D. promising
6. A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly
7. A. assessing B. requiring C. forming D. proving
8. A. slightly B. accidentally C. slowly D. happily
9. A. grateful B. thoughtful C. sorrowful D. fearful
10. A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D. disappointment
11. A. operating B. thinking C. hesitating D. leaving
12. A. sorry B. hello C. goodbye D. yes
13. A. reached B. consulted C. introduced D. persuaded
14. A. wished B. pretended C. failed D. refused
15. A. enjoying B. doing C. securing D. starting
16. A. repeated B. recited C. replied D. reported
17. A. courage B. patience C. duty D. care
18. A. goal B. given C. push D. greeting
19. A. risking B. changing C. saving D. building
20. A. honour B. ability C. opening D. extra
【答案】

1. C
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. B
11. D
12. C
13. A
14. D
15. B
16. C
17. D
18. B
19. C
20. D

【文章大意】本文是记叙文，文章讲述了作者是一名刚工作的护士，开始以为表达感谢很简单，但一位病人病愈后的举动却让作者对表达感谢又有了更深一层的理解。
【解析】
【1 题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：就在几周前当护士的时候，我在考虑这个问题。根据后文to each of us in the nursing team可知，作者是一名护士。A. cleaner清洁工；B. chemist化学家；C. nurse护士；D. doctor医生。故选C。
【2 题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：然后我突然想到，如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激的词语，那该有多好。分析题目可知，作者是要表达感激的不同程度。A. grades等级，制度；B. meanings意思；C. needs需要；D. expectations预期，期待。故选A。
【3 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的想法很快就得到了验证。分析题目可知，下文是作者的理论得到验证的过程。故选B。
【4 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我们有一个女病人正从膝关节置换手术中恢复。根据下文But she recovered可知，病人正在恢复。A. depart出发；B. escape逃脱；C. retire退休；D. recover恢复。故选D。
【5 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：一天下午，她试图上床睡觉时倒下了，最后被证实是心脏病发作。分析题目可知，病人当时正试图上床睡觉。A. attempt尝试；B. choose选择；C. pause停顿；D. promise许诺。故选A。
【6 题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：一天下午，她试图上床睡觉时倒下了，最后被证实是心脏病发作。分析题目可知，心脏病发作是后来确诊的。A. eventually最终地；B. fortunately幸运地；C. casually随意地；D. secretly秘密地。故选A。
【7 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：这次倒下是灾难性的，需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。分析题目可知，病人当时需要医疗护理。A. assess评估，评定；B. require需要；C. form形成；D. prove证实。故选B。
【8 题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：虽然恢复缓慢，但四周后她就可以出院了。分析题目可知，病人恢复比较慢。A. slightly稍微；B. accidentally意外地；C. slowly慢地；D. happily高兴地。故选C。
【9 题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：她很感激医疗和护理团队为她所做的一切。分析题目可知，病人当时应该是一种感恩的心情。A. grateful感激的；B. thoughtful深思的；C. sorrowful悲伤的；D. fearful害怕的。故选A。
【10 题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：在她出院的那天，我们分享了她康复的喜悦。分析题目可知，病人康复出院是一件喜悦的事情。A. surprise惊讶；B. delight高兴；C. curiosity好奇；D. disappointment失望。故选B。
【11 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：当她要离开的时候，她急切地想和我们护理小组的每个人说再见。分析题目可知，病人要出院离开了。A. operate运转，操作；B. think思考；C. hesitate犹豫；D. leave离开。故选D。
【12 题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：当她要离开的时候，她急切地想和我们护理小组的每个人说再见。分析题目可知，病人要跟护理小组告别。A. sorry对不起；B. hello你好；C. goodbye再见；D. yes是的。故选C。
【13 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：当她走到一个护士跟前时，她试图把一张五英镑的钞票塞到她手里。分析题目可知，病人是走到护士跟前。A. reach到达；B. consult咨询；C. introduc介绍；D. persuade说服，劝说。故选A。
【14 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是在做自己的工作。分析题目可知，我的同事应该是拒绝接受病人的钱。A. wish祝愿；B. pretend假装；C. fail失败；D. refuse拒绝。故选D。
【15 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是在做自己的工作。分析题目可知，此处是指护士们只是做了自己的本职工作。A. enjoy喜爱；B. do做；C. secure获得；D. start开始。故选B。
【16 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：病人看起来很困惑，然后回答说。分析题目可知，病人是在回应护士的拒绝。A. repeat重复；B. recite背诵；C. reply回答；D. report报道。故选C。
【17 题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：这不是为了我受到的照顾。分析题目可知，护士们之前应该是照顾该病人。A. courage信心；B. patience耐心；C. duty责任心；D. care关心。故选D。
【18 题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：我认为这是理所当然的。分析题目可知，病人认为护士们照顾她是理所当然的。A. goal目标；B. give给予；C. push推；D. greet问候。故选B。
【19 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但做发型是一项额外的工作，应该得到奖励。分析题目可知，这里是指拯救病人的生命。A. risk冒……的风险；B. change改变；C. save拯救；D. build建设。故选C。
【20 题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但做发型是一项额外的工作，应该得到奖励。分析题目可知，这里是指做发型不属于护士的本职工作，是额外的。A. honour荣誉；B. ability能力；C. opening开始，开端；D. extra额外的。故选D。

4. 【2021.3天津】
For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got      1      when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his      2      took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy      3     .
For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was      4      his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the      5      of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed      6      to get to work?
With that thought in mind, Pruitt      7      a plan and posted it on the community website. He      8      to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again      9     . And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the      10      to buy one.
The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty      11      bicycles. Then came more than 500      12      for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be      13      to their owners.
Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are      14      struggling.      15      simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.
In addition to      16      skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community.      17     , the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.
"It's a really great      18      for kids," said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is certainly providing a      19     , but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the      20      that he can make on people."
1.A.amazed B.mad C.curious D.frightened
2.A.emotions B.career C.opinions D.route
3.A.ever B.together C.instead D.yet
4.A.ride B.lock C.repair D.replace
5.A.lack B.variety C.increase D.quality
6.A.instruction B.qualification C.transportation D.permission
7.A.came up with B.stuck to C.gave up D.broke away from
8.A.remembered B.refused C.hesitated D.offered
9.A.by accident B.in advance C.for free D.on credit
10.A.profit B.budget C.courage D.excuse
11.A.shared B.used C.expensive D.modern
12.A.enquiries B.advertisements C.notices D.announcements
13.A.exported B.sold C.lent D.returned
14.A.hardly B.slightly C.truly D.instantly
15.A.Without B.Beyond C.Upon D.Among
16.A.practical B.commercial C.mathematical D.social
17.A.Otherwise B.However C.Somehow D.Meanwhile
18.A.promise B.celebration C.comfort D.experience
19.A.competition B.service C.ceremony D.suggestion
20.A.compromise B.impression C.impact D.progress
【答案】

1. B
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. A
6. C
7. A
8. D
9. C
10. B
11. B
12. A
13. D
14. C
15. C
16. A
17. D
18. D
19. B
20. C

【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Robbie Pruitt在自己的自行车被偷后，想出了给人免费修车的计划。他把这一计划发布到了网上，主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。他还教授邻居的孩子们免费修车，得到了邻居的赞赏。
【解析】
【1 题详解】B
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Robbie Pruitt承认，去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时，他很生气。A. amazed惊讶的；B. mad生气的；C.curicus好奇的；D. frightened害怕的。根据第一段最后一句 "After letting go of his anger and frustration" 可知，发现车被偷，Robbie Pruitt当时很生气。故选B。
【2 题详解】A
考查名词词义辨析。句意∶但很快，他的情绪发生了变化。A. emotions情绪；B. career事业；C. opinions观点；D. route路线。结合后文"After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy"可知，Robbie Pruitt从生气沮丧变成了同情，情绪发生了变化。故选A。
【3 题详解】C
考查副词词义辨析。句意∶在放下愤怒和沮丧之后，他发现自己走上了同情之路。A. ever曾经；B.together一起；C. instead相反；D. yet然而。结合上文 "he found himself on a road to sympathy" 可知，发现自己的车被偷，Robbie Pruitt放下愤怒和沮丧，反而走上了同情他人的道路。故选C。
【4 题详解】D
考查动词词义辨析。句意∶对于热衷于骑自行车的Pruitt来说，第一件要做的事就是取代他被偷的自行车。A. ride骑车；B. lock锁上；C. repair修理；D. replace取代。根据后文 "his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping" 可知，车被偷，Pruitt要买车来取代被偷的自行车。故选D。
【5 题详解】A
考查名词词义辨析。句意∶但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到∶如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. lack缺乏；B. variety多样；C. increase增加；D. quality质量。根据上文 "he found few available" 可知，商店里也缺少自行车。故选A。
【6 题详解】 C
考查名词词义辨析。句意∶但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到∶如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. instruction指令；B. qualification资格；C. transportation运输工具；D. permission允许。根据前后文可知，Pruitt猜测偷自己自行车的人是因为确实需要交通工具去上班。故选C。
【7 题详解】A
考查动词短语辨析。句意︰带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。A. come up with提出；B. stick to坚持；C. give up放弃；D. break away from突然逃跑。根据后文 "a plan and posted it on the community website" 指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语境。故选A。
【8 题详解】D
考查动词词义辨析。句意∶他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. remember记得；B. refuse拒绝；C. hesitate犹豫；D. offer提议。结合后文 " to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it." 指Pruitt提议为他人免费修车，offer to dosth."主动提出做某事”。故选D。
【9 题详解】C
考查固定短语辨析。句意：他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。A. by accident偶然；B. in advance提前；C. for free免费；D. on credit赊账。呼应上文"fix bikes free of charge"他的修车都是免费的。故选C。
【10 题详解】B
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。A. profit利润；B. budget预算；C. courage勇气；D. excuse借口。根据前后文可知，Pruitt捐车的对象是那些需要车但是预算不够，买不起的人，but表示转折，说明预算紧张。故选B。
【11 题详解】 B
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一帖子发布当天，Pruitt收到了30辆二手自行车。A. shared共享的；B. used二手的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. modern现代的。根据上文 "He also asked for unwanted bikes," 可知，Pruitt也回收不想要的二手车，所以在帖子发布当天收到了30辆二手自行车。故选B。
【12 题详解】A
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后就来了500多个询问详细信息的询问。A. enquiry询问；B. advertisement广告；C. notice通知；D. announcement公告。根据后文"for detailed information"可知，此处指询问详细信息的询问。故选A。
【13 题详解】D
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到2020年底，Pruitt已经修复了140多件自行车，这些自行车要么捐赠，要么返还原主。A. export出口；B. sell出售；C. lend借给；D. return返回、返还。结合后文'to their owners"指修好的车返还给主人，return符合语境。故选D。
【14 题详解】C
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt试图把他的捐赠捐给那些真正生活困难挣扎的家庭。A. hardly几乎不；B. slightly轻微地；C. truly真实地；D. instantly立即。此处呼应上文"folks who could truly use them"指Pruitt的捐赠都是给那些真正生活有困难的家庭的。故选C。
【15 题详解】C
考查介词词义辨析。句意：在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上，他为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会。A. Without除了；B. Beyond越过；C. Upon在……上；D. Among在.……中间。结合后文"simply satisfying a materia need"表示"在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上"可知，应用介词upon。故选C。
【16 题详解】 A
考查形容词词义辨析。句意︰除了实用技能，Pruitt的课程还教授团队合作，鼓励自我价值，促进社区感觉。A. practical实际的；B. commercial商业的；C. mathematical数学的；D. social社会的。根据上文"he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes."可知，Pruitt为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会，即教授他们实用技能。故选A。
【17 题详解】D
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，孩子们也有了一种成就感。A. Otherwise否则；B. However然而；C. Somehow不知怎么；D. Meanwhile同时。根据前后文语境可知，孩子们通过参加Pruitt的课程，学到了实用技能，同时还有了一种成就感，Meanwhile符合语境。故选D。
【18 题详解】D
考查名词词义辨析。句意∶一位邻居在接受当地报纸采访时说∶"对孩子们来说，这真是一次很棒的经历。"A. promise承诺；B.celebration庆祝；C. comfort安慰；D. experience经历。根据语境，参与Pruitt的课程对孩子们来说，是一次经历。故选D。
【19 题详解】B
考查名词词义辨析。句意∶Pruitt当然会提供服务，但不仅仅是自行车。A. competition比赛；B. service服务；C. ceremony典礼；D. suggestion建议。结合上文可知，Pruitt为人们免费修车，还为社区的孩子教授如何修车，所以他提供的是服务。故选B。
【20 题详解】C
考查名词词义辨析。句意：而是他能对人们产生的影响。A. compromise妥协；B. impression印象；C. impact影响； D. progress进步。根据后文"he can make on people"可知为短语make impact on"对.……产生影响"。故选C。

5. 【2021.1浙江】
Last year I decided to do some volunteer work, I began to      1      on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA. Three months later I       2       myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona, I was       3       at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen minutes of       4       my worries had gone. Everyone was so       5       and like-minded that it was very       6       to feel at home.
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day       7      . We had to       8       everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a       9       way but in 35℃ hear and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to       10       a stairway out of rock. This       11       climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited（栖息）by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, never       12      .
Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The       13       of knowing that my       14       will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive.
But on the last night we were       15       in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was close to       16      . I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only       17       part of my tent.
       18      , I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I       19      . I think I am much       20       for having taken part in the project.
1.A.calculate B.negotiate C.advertise D.researeh
2.A.imagined B.introduced C.enjoyed D.found
3.A.annoyed B.surprised C.scared D.excited
4.A.arriving B.sleeping C.thinking D.walking
5.A.confident B.friendly C.energetic D.curious
6.A.funny B.good C.lucky D.easy
7.A.tour B.project C.campaign D.course
8.A.drop B.make C.carry D.buy
9.A.nice B.safe C.long D.quick
10.A.build B.test C.clean D.guard
11.A.Helped B.ended C.allowed D.meant
12.A.hunted B.trained C.seen D.fed
13.A.satisfaction B.ambition C.expectation D.intention
14.A.work B.memory C.record D.story
15.A.left B.caught C.attacked D.separated
16.A.boiling B.average C.normal D.freezing
17.A.tidy B.dry C.new D.soft
18.A.By the way B.Regardless of that C.Needless to say D.In either case
19.A.survived B.resisted C.Escaped D.recovered
20.A.smarter B.stronger C.happier D.busier
【答案】

1. D
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. D
7. B
8. C
9. C
10. A
11. D
12. C
13. A
14. A
15. B
16. D
17. B
18. C
19. A
20. B

文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解了作者经历了一次志愿活动，但是这次活动并不是一帆风顺，作者最终克服困难，对自己的经历报以感慨。
【解析】
【1 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我开始在网上搜索信息，发现了Volunteer USA。A. calculate计算； B. negotiate协商；C. advertise打广告；D. research 搜索。根据上文提到作者想做一些志愿活动，下文应当去主动查找相关信息。故选D。
【2 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：三个月后，我正身处于去凤凰城的飞机上。A. imagine想象；B. introduce介绍；C. enjoy享受；D. find发现。此处运用了find oneself+介词短语表示某人所处的状态，来表示作者在去往凤凰城的路上。故选D。
【3 题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：我想到要在有大量陌生人所在的地方待三个月是有些害怕的。A. annoyed生气的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. scared害怕的；D. excited兴奋的。此处作者因为去到一个陌生的地方，要见到很多的陌生人，所以会感到害怕。故选C。
【4 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：到达后不到15分钟，我的忧虑就烟消云散了。A. arrive到达；B. sleep睡觉；C. think思考；D. walk走路。根据上文可知作者还在路上，此处表示作者以及到达了凤凰城，在与人接触后有了改观。故选A。
【5 题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：每个人都很友好，志同道合，很容易让人有宾至如归的感觉。A. confident自信的；B. friendly友好的；C. energetic充满活力的；D. curious好奇的。空后like-minded可知此处为正向词汇，根据作者的感受和上文 "害怕" 形成对比，说明大家都很友好。故选B。
【6 题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：每个人都很友好，志同道合，很容易让人有宾至如归的感觉。A. funny滑稽的；B. good好的；C. lucky幸运的；D. easy容易的。此处因为作者说大家十分友好、志趣相投，所以很容易就会给人宾至如归的感觉。故选D。
【7 题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：我被派往Coronado National Forest去完成第一次八天的项目。A. tour观光；B. project项目；C. campaign战役；D. course课程。此处根据作者对下文描述，可知要去完成一个搭建阶梯的项目。并且根据文章最后一段最后一句，可见 "project" 同词复现。故选B。
【8 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我们必须带着我们需要的一切，步行三英里到我们工作的地方。A. drop掉下；B. make制作；C. carry携带；D. buy购买。此处作者因为要徒步进入到工作地点，所以要带好所需的必需品。故选C。
【9 题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：这条路看起来似乎并不长，但顶着35度的高温，背着厚厚的装备，我的双腿好像着火一样。A. nice好的；B. safe安全的；C. long长的；D. quick快的。此处作者说道此条路并不长，但是由于温度很高，进而形成对比，表示还是比较艰苦。故选C。
【10 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我的工作是在岩石上建造楼梯。A. build建造；B. test测试；C. clean打扫；D. guard守卫。根据第四段首句a beautiful stairway came into being可知之前是没有阶梯的，故作者的任务就是搭建阶梯。故选A。
【11 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：这意味着要在山上美洲狮的栖息地旁爬上爬下，尽管我应该说它们只是能听见，而不是看见。A. help帮助；B. end 结束；C. allow 允许；D. mean 意味着。根据上文作者的工作是在岩石上建造楼梯，所以下文应对该项工作进行解释。故选D。
【12 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：这意味着要在山上美洲狮的栖息地旁爬上爬下，尽管我应该说它们只是能听见，而不是看见。A. hunt 打猎；B. train 训练；C. see 看见；D. fed 喂养。although表示转折，应选择与hear意义对应的选项。故选C。
【13 题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：这种知晓我的工作会留在山腰上数年的满足感是巨大的。 A. satisfaction 满足感；B. ambition 野心；C. expectation 期望；D. intention 意图。根据上文一个美丽的楼梯诞生了，所以作者会感觉到有一种成就感油然而生。故选A。
【14 题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：这种知晓我的工作会留在山腰上数年的满足感是巨大的。A. work 工作；B. memory 记忆；C. record 记录；D. story 故事。根据上文可以得知，作者一直在做着建造楼梯的志愿工作。故选A。
【15 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：但是在昨晚我们赶上了雷暴。A. leave 离开；B. catch 赶上；C. attack 攻击；D. separate 分开。根据句意可以判断作者遭遇了雷暴。故选B。
【16 题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：温度已经接近冰点。A. boiling沸腾的；B. average平均的；C. normal正常的；D. freezing冰点的。根据上文得知作者遭遇了雷暴，且下文提到作者在发抖中度过剩余的夜晚。故选D。
【17 题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：我不得不在帐篷里唯一干的地方度过剩余的夜晚。A. tidy 整齐的；B. dry 干的；C. new 新的；D. soft 舒适的。根据上文可知作者在午夜醒来时发现自己的帐篷变成了游泳池，所以他只能在干的地方过夜。故选B。
【18 题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：不必说，我受了很多苦。A. by the way顺道提一下；B. regardless of that不管怎么样；C. needless to say；D. 无论哪种情况。上文提到作者克服困难，最终建成了阶梯。可知作者是吃了不少苦的，needless to say进一步加深语境。故选C。
【19 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我知道无论在生活中面对什么，我都会在那里，并且幸存下来。 A. survive幸存；B. resist抵制；C. escape逃离；D. recover痊愈。作者上文I suffered a lot提到受了很多苦，此处but转折表示作者克服了困难，并且作者感悟到无论遇到什么困难，都会勇敢面对。故选A。
【20 题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：我相信我也因为这个项目变得更加坚强了。A. smart聪明的；B. strong坚强的；C. happy快乐的；D. busy忙碌的。根据前文I suffered a lot可知作者受了很多苦，但也正是这次经历使得作者成长，变得更加坚强。故选B。

6. 【2021年6月新高考1卷】
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy's father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time,      1      little bunny（兔子）cakes for all its      2      throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for      3      help during our spring break, for which I had no      4      beyond listening to my favorite records. I'd      5      minimum wage. I'd see how a factory      6      . My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy's dad with their      7      .
Our      8      in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing （糖霜）ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.      9      bunny from the belt. This was      10      than it sounds.      11      a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I'd      12      .
Dad      13      . The son of a grocer, he'd spent the summers of his childhood      14      food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you      15      the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
1.A.sold B.ordered C,made D.reserved
2.A.stores B.families C.schools D.citizens
3.A.generous B.financial C.technical D.temporary
4.A.plans B.problems C.excuses D.hobbies
5.A.offer B.earn C.set D.suggest
6.A.worked B.closed C.developed D.survived
7.A.ambition B.permission C.experience D.invitation
8.A.joys B.ideas C.roles D.choices
9.A.Save B.Keep C.Stop D.Remove
10.A.harder B.better C.longer D.cheaper
11.A.Calm down B.Slow down C.Stay on D.Move on
12.A.indicated B.witnessed C.expected D.remembered
13.A.cried B.smiled C.hesitated D.refused
14.A.tasting B.finding C.sharing D.delivering
15.A.withdraw B.donate C.receive D.appreciate
【文章大意】本文是本文是夹叙夹议的文章，文章讲述了作者第一次假期打工的经历，作者从中感悟到工作不易，要尊重那些辛苦工作的人。
【解析】
【1 题详解】C考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是Hough Bakeries的经理，在复活节期间，为其遍布Cleveland的商店制作小兔子蛋糕。根据后文可知作者在工厂里做蛋糕。故选C。
【2 题详解】A考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是Hough Bakeries的经理，在复活节期间，为其遍布Cleveland的商店制作小兔子蛋糕。分析题目可知，此处是指同一品牌旗下的商店。故选A。
【3 题详解】D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们春假期间，市中心的工厂碰巧需要八个孩子临时帮忙。分析题目可知，工厂需要临时工。故选D。
【4 题详解】A考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了听我最喜欢的唱片，我对春假没有别的计划。分析题目可知，这句话里的which指的是春假，作者对此没有别的计划，故选A。
【5 题详解】B考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会挣最低工资。分析题目可知，作者要去工厂做工挣钱。故选B。
【6 题详解】 A考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会看到工厂是如何运作的。分析题目可知，此处是指作者通过去工厂做工而观察到工厂如何运作。故选A。
【7 题详解】B考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父母认为这一切都是一个伟大的想法，并打电话给Betsy的父亲，得到他们的允许。分析题目可知，给Betsy的父亲打电话是为了得到许可。故选B。
【8 题详解】C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的职责很简单。分析题目可知，此处是指作者在工厂里的职责。故选C。
【9 题详解】D考查动词词义辨析。句意：把兔子从传送带上拿下来。根据前文Place cakes on a moving belt，然后加上有糖霜的耳朵、眼睛和鼻子，这里应该是指把兔子拿下来。故选D。
【10 题详解】A考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这比听起来要难。分析题目可知，作者的工作听起来很简单，但实际很困难。故选A。
【11 题详解】 B考查动词短语辨析。句意：稍微慢一点，蛋糕就堆积如山。分析题目可知，这里指的是如果做工时手脚不够快，蛋糕就会堆起来。故选B。
【12 题详解】C考查动词词义辨析。句意：一切都比我之前预想的要有压力。分析题目可知，作者之前没料到工作会压力这么大。故选C。
【13 题详解】B考查动词词义辨析。句意：爸爸笑了。分析题目可知，作者的父亲听到作者抱怨工作压力，联想到自己童年的经历，觉得很正常，所以笑了起来。故选B。
【14 题详解】D考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年的夏天都在Bernardswille送外卖。分析题目可知，作者的父亲应该是在递送食物，其他选项不符。故选D。
【15 题详解】D考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，这种工作能让你对自己挣的钱心存感激，并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。分析题目可知，作者的父亲认为工作能让你认识到挣钱的价值，心怀感恩。故选D。

7. 【2021年6月新高考2卷】
Over the past 38 years, Mr. Wang has pretended to be someone else many times,and has even learned to ____21____ different dialects（方言），leading to him being described as an “Oscar-winning actor".
The 60-year-old is not an actor, but a ____22____ However,he is more devoted to his “____23____ "than any real actor.
In the 1990s, a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars. To look into the ____24____，Wang disguised（伪装）himself and ____25____ the beggars. Dirty shorts and old shoes gave him the ____26____ of a real beggar and his convincing dialect soon won him the ____27____ of the beggars.
“I often ____28____ them to drink alcohol. Once they were ____29____,they began to talk a lot,"Wang said. “I'd then ____30____ myself to use the toilet, ____31____ what the beggars said, and send the ____32____ to my teammates.”
Wang，who is often in ____33____ situations， is also a judo （柔道） master. “As long as I get close enough, no criminal can ____34____ from me," he said.
Wang's ____35____ won him several honors, including a National May Day Labor Medal and 11 Citations of Merit.Paris.
21. A. teach B. compare C. assess D. speak
22. A. lawyer B. doctor C. policeman D. businessman
23. A. role B. study C. family D. audience
24. A. minor B. case C. future D. question
25. A. interviewed B. joined C. arrested D. assisted
26. A. challenge B. experience C. appearance D. freedom
27. A. vote B. sympathy C. permission D. trust
28. A. invited B. forced C. helped D. expected
29. A. drunk B. deserted C. bored D. lost
30. A. guide B. persuade C. excuse D. allow
31. A. refer to B. note down C. ask about D. miss out
32. A. plan B. agreement C. direction D. information
33. A. awkward B. dangerous C. unfortunate D. strange
34. A. separate B. recover C. escape D. hear
35. A. courage B. honesty C. kindness D. optimism
【答案】

21. D
22. C
23. A
24. B
25. B
26. C
27. D
28. A
29. A
30. C
31. B
32. D
33. B
34. C
35. A

【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了警察王先生在过去的38年里，多次假扮别人，甚至学会了说不同的方言，不顾危险混入犯罪团伙，成功破案的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的38年里，王先生多次假扮别人，甚至学会了说不同的方言，这让他被称为“奥斯卡获奖演员”。A.teach 教授；B.compare 比较；C.assess评估； D.speak讲话 。根据“Mr. Wang has pretended to be someone else many times”可知，能扮成别人，还会讲不同的方言。故填D。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位60岁的老人不是演员，而是警察 。A.lawyer 律师；B.doctor医生； C.policeman 警察；D.businessman 商人。根据“To look into the 　　　　　　　　，Wang disguised（伪装）himself”以及“including a National May Day Labor Medal and 11 Citations of Merit.Paris.”可知，王先生是一名警察。故填C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他比任何真正的演员都更专注于他的“角色”。A.role 角色；B.study学习； C.family 家庭；D.audience观众 。根据“than any real actor.”可知，王投身于演员的角色中。故填A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了调查这个案子,王伪装自己并加入了乞丐中。A.minor 未成年人，辅修；B.case 情况,案件；C.future 未来；D.question问题 。根据“In the 1990s, a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars. ”可知，这是一起犯罪案件。故填B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了调查这个案子,王伪装自己并加入了乞丐中。A.interviewed采访； B.joined 加入；C.arrested 逮捕；D.assisted协助。根据“To look into the”可知，他混入乞丐中。故填B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：肮脏的短裤和旧鞋子使他看起来像一个真正的乞丐，他那令人信服的方言很快赢得了乞丐们的信任。A.challenge 挑战；B.experience 经历；C.appearance出现，外表； D.freedom自由 。根据“ Dirty shorts and old shoes”可知，这是描述外表。故填C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：肮脏的短裤和旧鞋子使他看起来像一个真正的乞丐，他那令人信服的方言很快赢得了乞丐们的信任。A.vote 投票；B.sympathy 同情；C.permission 批准；D.trust 信任。根据“ his convincing dialect soon won him the”可知，他的方言讲得好，赢得乞丐们信任。故填D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我经常邀请他们喝酒。一旦他们喝醉了，他们就开始说很多话。A.invited 邀请；B.forced 强迫；C.helped 帮助；D.expected期待。根据“them to drink alcohol”可知，为了套话，王先生请他们喝酒。故填A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我经常邀请他们喝酒。一旦他们喝醉了，他们就开始说很多话。A.drunk喝醉的； B.deserted抛弃的； C.bored 无聊的；D.lost失去的 。根据“them to drink alcohol”可知，话多是在喝醉后。故填A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我会借口自己去厕所，记下乞丐说了什么，然后把信息发给我的队友。A.guide 引导；B.persuade劝说； C.excuse 找借口；D.allow允许 。根据“and send the 　　　　　　　　 to my teammates.”可知，为了发送出信息，王借口去厕所。故填C。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然后我会借口自己去厕所，记下乞丐说了什么，然后把信息发给我的队友。A.refer to 指的是；B.note down作记录; C.ask about 询问；D.miss out 错过，遗漏。根据“what the beggars said, ”可知，王把乞丐醉后真言记下来。故填B。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我会借口自己去厕所，记下乞丐说了什么，然后把信息发给我的队友。A.plan 计划；B.agreement 同意；C.direction 指导；D.information 信息。根据“what the beggars said, ”可知，这是重要信息。故填D。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：王是经常在危险的情况下,也是一个柔道大师。A.awkward 尴尬的；B.dangerous危险的； C.unfortunate 不幸的；D.strange奇怪的 。根据“ no criminal can 　　　　　　　　 from me,"”可知，经常处于犯罪分子中，这是很危险的情况。故填B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“只要我离得够近，任何罪犯都逃不掉，”他说。A.separate 分离；B.recover恢复； C.escape 逃避；D.hear 听到。根据“ is also a judo （柔道） master. ”可知，身为柔道大师，他不放过罪犯。故填C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：王的勇气为他赢得了许多荣誉，包括一枚全国五一劳动奖章和11项嘉奖。A.courage 勇气；B.honesty 诚实；C.kindness 善良；D.optimism 乐观。根据“Wang disguised（伪装）himself”可知，王乔装打扮混入罪犯团伙，勇气可嘉。故填A。

8. 【2021年八省联考】
This happened when I was ten. On a normal Sunday, I went to the barber shop where I always went. That day, along with the barber there was an assistant, who had recently____21____the shop.
So I sat for the haircut. The uncle asked me how____22____I wanted it. I answered, “Just do as my dad had____23____you the last time.”
He smiled. Before starting the____24____, he added, “What if I keep it long?”
I____25____he was joking. So I joked too. I said, “I can't____26____what would happen to your shop then!”
The moment I said it, the assistant____27____from behind. “How dare do you say that! Who are you to take us down, eh?”
I admit I was too____28____at that moment and the uncle standing beside me was giving me an____29____look.
From that day on, I____30____stopped joking about anyone's profession and works. It is one of the most____31____incidents in my life, which taught me to____32____the profession and works of a person, no matter how____33____they are.
I'm____34____that the assistant responded in a way that made me rethink the power of my words. Words do make a____35____.
21. A. left B. opened C. joined D. visited
22. A. much B. long C. often D. soon
23. A. instructed B. invited C. promised D. convinced
24. A. discussion B. journey C. training D. haircut
25. A. agreed B. heard C. hoped D. knew
26. A. forget B. tolerate C. guarantee D. understand
27. A. urged B. shouted C. laughed D. helped
28. A. angry B. proud C. scared D. curious
29. A. anxious B. appealing C. encouraging D. awkward
30. A. suddenly B. completely C. temporarily D. regularly
31. A. important B. exciting C. strange D. interesting
32. A. learn B. enter C. change D. respect
33. A. hard B. small C. good D. complex
34. A. sorry B. confident C. grateful D. embarrassed
35. A. difference B. mistake C. choice D. joke
【答案】

21. C
22. B
23. A
24. D
25. D
26. C
27. B
28. C
29. D
30. B
31. A
32. D
33. B
34. C
35. A

【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者小时候在一次理发时跟理发师开玩笑的经历让自己意识到语言的威力。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天，除了理发师还有一个助手，最近刚加入这个商店。A. left 离开；B. opened 打开；C. joined 加入；D. visited拜访。根据“who had recently …the shop”得知，我经常去的理发店新来了一位助手。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位叔叔问我剪多长的头发。A .much很多；B. long 长久；C. often 经常；D. soon 很快。根据“So I sat for the haircut.”得知，我去理发店，理发店叔叔问我剪多长的头发。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回答：“和上次我爸爸告诉你的一样长就行”。A. instructed 指导；B. invited 邀请；C. promised答应；D. convinced 确信。根据“the last time”得知，上次来剪发时，作者爸爸给理发师指导过要给作者理发的长度。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在开始理发前，他又说道：“如果我剪长了呢”。A. discussion讨论；B. journey旅程；C. training训练；D. haircut剪发。根据“So I sat for the haircut. ”得知，理发师是在开始剪发之前又说了一句话。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道他是在开玩笑。A. agreed同意；B. heard 听到；C. hoped希望 ；D. knew知道。根据“So I joked too. ”得知，我知道理发师说那句话是在开玩笑。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可不能保证到时候你的理发店会发生什么。A. forget忘记； B. tolerate忍受；C. guarantee确保；D. understand理解。根据“So I joked too.”得知，我在开玩笑，剪坏我的头发，他的理发店会遭殃。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我刚一说完，那个助手从身后大喊。A. urged敦促；B. shouted喊叫；C. laughed大笑；D. helped帮助。根据“How dare do you say that! ”得知，助手当真，大喊起来。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我承认我当时太害怕了，并且我旁边的叔叔给我一个尴尬的表情。A. angry生气的；B. proud骄傲的；C. scared害怕的；D. curious好奇的。根据“Who are you to take us down, eh? ”得知，我当时才10岁，对那位助手的质问吓坏了。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我承认我当时太害怕了，并且我旁边的叔叔给我一个尴尬的表情。A. anxious焦虑的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. encouraging鼓舞的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据“I went to the barber shop where I always went”得知，理发师对新助手给常客说的话感到尴尬。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：从那天起，我彻底不再关于别人的职业和工作开玩笑。A. suddenly突然；B. completely完全；C. temporarily 临时；D. regularly有规律地。根据“ admit I was too…”得知，作者通过理发时开玩笑的不愉快经历，学到的教训是不要在别人的工作上开玩笑。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我人生中最重要的事情之一，它教给我要尊重一个人的职业和工作，不论他有多么渺小。A. important重要的；B. exciting兴奋的；C. strange奇怪的；D. interesting有趣的。根据“which taught me”得知，作者认为这件事是很重要的事情。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我人生中最重要的事情之一，它教给我要尊重一个人的职业和工作，不论他有多么渺小。A. learn学习；B. enter 进入；C. change改变；D. respect尊重。根据“I …stopped joking about anyone’s profession and works”得知，故选D。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我人生中最重要的事情之一，它教给我要尊重一个人的职业和工作，不论他有多么渺小。A. hard难的；B. small小的；C. good好的；D. complex复杂的。根据“no matter how”得知，不论对方是多小的人物，我也要给予尊重。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激那位店员的回应让我重新考虑我说话的威力。A. sorry抱歉的；B. confident自信的；C. grateful感激的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据“made me rethink the power of my words”得知，作者感激那位店员让自己意识到说话要尊重别人，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：语言真能带来大不同。A. difference不同；B. mistake错误； C. choice选择；D. joke玩笑。根据“made me rethink the power of my words”得知，作者感悟，语言很重要。make a difference“有影响，起作用”故选A。

三、2020年高考真题
1． 【2020·山东卷新高考】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 21 . He learned the value and beauty of 22 there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 23 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 25 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 26 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 27 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 28 during the daytime. He turned to the 29 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 30 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
31 young plants in the dry season was 32 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 33 of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 34 rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.
Molai 35 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
21．A．dream B．job C．home D．choice
22．A．nature B．youth C．culture D．knowledge
23．A．precious B．interesting C．disturbing D．awkward
24．A．waste B．tension C．pain D．damage
25．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise
26．A．agreed B．realized C．remembered D．predicted
27．A．noise B．heat C．disease D．dust
28．A．directions B．partners C．help D．shelter
29．A．labor B．police C．forest D．finance
30．A．rebuilt B．discovered C．left D．managed
31．A．Decorating B．Observing C．Watering D．Guarding
32．A．tough B．illegal C．fantastic D．beneficial
33．A．back B．top C．foot D．side
34．A．cool down B．keep off C．purify D．collect
35．A．returned B．learned C．failed D．continued
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。Molai决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。
【21 题详解】C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。A. dream梦想；B. job工作；C. home家；D. choice选择。根据空前的second可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些“湿地”成为了他的第二个“家”。故选C。
【22 题详解】A
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A. nature自然；B. youth青春，年轻；C. culture文化；D. knowledge知识。湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。故选A。
【23 题详解】C
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:16岁时，Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。A. precious宝贵的；B. interesting有趣的；C. disturbing令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D. awkward尴尬的，笨拙的。该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人不安。故选C。
【24 题详解】D
考查名词词义辨析。句意:那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物；B. tension紧张；C. pain疼痛，痛苦；D. damage损害，伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区，它会“损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。
【25 题详解】A
考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. However但是；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。
【26 题详解】B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. agreed同意；B. realized意识到；C. remembered记住，记起；D. predicted预测。Molai“意识到”鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。
【27 题详解】B
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. noise噪音；B. heat热；C. disease疾病；D. dust尘土。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B。
【28 题详解】
考查名词D词义辨析。句意:当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A. directions方向；B. partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C. help帮助；D. shelter遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。树木可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。故选D。
【29 题详解】C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labor劳动；B. police警察；C. forest森林；D. finance财政，金融。根据前一句中的“The solution, of course, was to plant trees”可知，Molai想要种树，所以他应该向“森林”部门求助。故选C。
【30 题详解】B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而，Molai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。A. rebuilt重建；B. discovered发现；C. left离开；D. managed设法做成。根据前面的”looking on his own”可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他”发现”了一个小岛。故选B。
【31 题详解】C
考查动词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. Decorating装饰；B. Observing观察到；C. Watering浇水；D. Guarding守卫。该段后半部分叙述的是Molai想尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的“the dry season”可知，在旱季给幼苗“浇水”很难。故选C。
【32 题详解】A
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. tough困难的；B. illegal非法的；C. fantastic极好的；D. beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知，Molai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很“难”。故选A。
【33 题详解】B
考查名词词义辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. back背部；B. top顶端；C. foot脚；D. side一边，一侧。根据该段最后一句“The water would then drip on the plants below”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的”顶端”。故选B。
【34 题详解】D
考查动词(短语)辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. cool down冷却下来；B. keep off与……保持距离；C. purify净化，使纯净；D. collect收集。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上“收集”雨水。故选D。
【35 题详解】D
考查动词词义辨析。句意:在接下来的37年里，Molai继续种树。A. returned返回；B. learned学会；C. failed失败；D. continued继续。根据后一句可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他“继续”种树。故选D。

2． 【2020全国1卷】
Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The      1      is obvious. If we      2      it is a door, they'll want to go outside      3      . It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the      4      . But our insisting it's      5      a window has kept them from      6      millions of requests to open the door.
I hate lying to the kids. One day they'll      7      and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a      8      .
I wonder if      9      should always tell the truth no matter the      10      . I have a very strong      11      that the lie we're telling is doing      12      damage to our children. Windows and doors have      13      metaphorical（比喻） meanings. I'm telling them they can't open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in      14      they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity（机会） of some sort, and      15      opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just      16      it and wonder, "What if it isn't a door? " That is, "What if it isn't a      17      opportunity? "
Maybe it's an unreasonable fear. But the      18      is that I shouldn't lie to my kids. I should just      19      repeatedly having to say, "No. We can't go outside now." Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won't      20      to open them and walk through.
1.A.relief B.target C.reason D.case
2.A.admit B.believe C.mean D.realize
3.A.gradually B.constantly C.temporarily D.casually
4.A.result B.danger C.method D.truth
5.A.merely B.slightly C.hardly D.partly
6.A.reviewing B.approving C.receiving D.attempting
7.A.winout B.giveup C.wakeup D.standout
8.A.dream B.lie C.fantasy D.fact
9.A.parents B.twins C.colleagues D.teachers
10.A.restrictions B.explanations C.differences D.consequences
11.A.demand B.fear C.desire D.doubt
12.A.physical B.biological C.spiritual D.behavioral
13.A.traditional B.important C.double D.original
14.A.life B.time C.reply D.history
15.A.bycomparisonwith B.inadditionto C.regardlessof D.insteadof
16.A.getholdof B.stareat C.knockon D.makeuseof
17.A.real B.typical C.similar D.limited
18.A.safetyrule B.comfortzone C.bottomline D.topsecret
19.A.delay B.regret C.enjoy D.accept
20.A.hurry B.decide C.hesitate D.intend

【答案】

1. C
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. A
6. D
7. C
8. B
9. A
10. D
11. B
12. C
13. B
14. A
15. D
16. B
17. A
18. C
19. D
20. C

【解析】
【1 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. relief救济、减轻；B. target目标；C. reason理由；D. case情况。根据下文If we            it is a door…It will drive us crazy.说明不让他们出门的理由可知，此处表示理由明显。故答案为：C。
【2 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. admit承认；B. believe相信；C. mean意味着；D. realize意识到。句意：如果我们承认它是一个门，他们会连续不断的想出去。根据下文they'll want to go outside            .表示如果告诉他们真相的结果，可知此处表示承认是一个门。故答案为：A。
【3 题详解】考查副词辨析。A. gradually逐步地；B. constantly连续地；C. temporarily临时地；D. casually随便地、偶然地。根据下文millions of requests to open the door, 可知孩子们无数次地想开门，所以此处为不断地想出去。句意：如果我们承认它是一个门，他们会连续不断的想出去。故答案为：B。
【4 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. result结果；B. danger危险；C. method方法；D. truth真理、事实。根据后文 I'm telling them they can't open what they absolutely know is a door可知此处为他们知道这个是门不是窗户的事实。故答案为：D。
【5 题详解】考查副词辨析。A. merely仅仅、只是；B. slightly轻微地；C. hardly几乎不；D. partly部分地。根据句意：但是我们坚持说它只是一个窗户，避免他们无数次尝试要求开门。可知此处表示仅仅，只是一个窗户。故答案为：A。
【6 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. review回顾、复习；B. approve批准、赞成；C. receive收到；D. attempt企图、试图。句意：但是我们坚持说它是一个窗户，避免他们无数次尝试要求开门。根据语境可知，避免他们试图要求开门。故答案为：D。
【7 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A. win out最后获得成功；B. give up放弃；C. wake up醒来、清醒；D. stand out突出、站出来。根据下文discover that everything they've always known about windows is a            .发现一切都是谎言可知，此处为有一天会清醒。故答案为：C。
【8 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. dream梦想；B. lie谎言；C. fantasy幻想；D. fact事实。根据上文I hate lying to the kids.我讨厌对孩子们撒谎可知，有一天他们会发现这是谎言。故答案为：B。
【9 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. parent父母；B. twin双胞胎；C. colleague同事；D. teacher老师。句意：我想知道是否父母应该一直告诉事实，不管结果是什么。根据文章讲述父母对孩子说谎。可知此处为父母。故答案为：A。
【10 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. restriction限制、约束；B. explanation解释、说明；C. difference区别；D. consequence结果。句意：我想知道是否父母应该一直讲事实，不管结果是什么。根据上文If we            it is a door…It will drive us crazy.说谎是为了防止出现不好的结果，可知此处表示无论结果怎样。故答案为：D。
【11 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. demand需求；B. fear害怕；C. desire欲望、要求；D. doubt怀疑。根据上文我不想对孩子说谎，和下文Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.此处表示我很害怕。故答案为：B。
【12.考查形容词辨析。A. physical物理的、身体的；B. biological生物的；C. spiritual精神的、心灵的；D. behavioral行为的。根据后文作者说担心对孩子说谎会影响孩子，使孩子因为怀疑自己而错失良机，可知是指对孩子产生心灵上的危害。故答案为：C。
【13.考查形容词辨析。A. traditional传统的；B. important重要的；C. double双倍的；D. original原来的。句意：窗户和门有重要的比喻含义。根据下文语境可知，此处表示他们是重要的比喻意义。故答案为：B。
【14.考查名词辨析。A. life生活；B. time时间；C. reply回复；D. history历史。根据后文Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical可知此处为生活中遇到一个比喻的门。故答案为：A。
【15.考查固定短语辨析。A. by comparison with与……相比；B. in addition to除此之外；C. regardless of不管、不顾；D. instead of代替。句意：并不是打开门并且把握机会，而仅仅是盯着它并且思考"如果它不是一个门会怎么样？"根据上文内容可知，此处表示相反情况，用instead of"代替、反而"。故答案为：D。
【16.考查固定搭配辨析。A. get hold of把握、抓住；B. stare at凝视、盯住；C. knock on敲击；D. make use of使用、利用。句意：并不是打开门并且把握机会，而仅仅是盯着它并且思考"如果它不是一个门会怎么样？"根据下文and wonder, "What if it isn't a door? "只是思考可知，此处表示盯着它。故答案为：B。
【17.考查形容词辨析。A. real真正的；B. typical典型的；C. similar相似的；D. limited有限的。根据前文父母欺骗孩子他们认为是门的东西其实不是门，可知此处的比喻中，作者担心孩子会想自己认为是机会的时候其实也不是真正的机会。故答案为：A。
【18.考查固定搭配辨析。A. safety rule安全规则；B. comfort zone舒适区；C. bottom line基本、底线；D. top secret绝密、机密。结合句意：但是底线是我不应该对我的孩子们说谎。故答案为：C。
【19.考查动词辨析。A. delay延迟；B. regret后悔；C. enjoy享受；D. accept接受。句意：我应该只是接受重复的说"不，我们现在不能出去"。根据上文可知，不和孩子说谎就要接受孩子一直要出门的结果。故答案为：D。
【20. 考查动词辨析。A. hurry匆忙；B. decide决定；C. hesitate犹豫；D. intend打算。前文提到如果对孩子说谎，孩子可能不敢去抓住机会，只是看着疑惑这是不是真的机会，此处表示不对孩子说谎，结果与前文形成对比，所以应该是孩子们不再犹豫，直接去抓住机会。故答案为：C。

3． 【2020·全国卷II】
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be 41 to the public because of Italy’s privacy laws, 42 working the whole night at a factory in Turin. As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction(拍卖)” 43 by the Italian police where things 44 on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look 45 above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.
When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he 47 the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he had 48 from Turin. His son, age 15, who had 49 an art appreciation class, thought that there was something 50 about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. It was signed(签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he 51 it, he only found “Bonnard,” a French 52 he had never heard of. He bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his father’s painting.
“That’s the garden in our picture,”Nicolo’s son told his father. They 55 learned that the painting they 56 was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They 57 the other painting and learned that it was 58 Paul Gauguin’s “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.” The 59 called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were 60 and worth as much as $50 million.
41．A．attached B．allocated C．exposed D．submitted
42．A．finished B．delayed C．considered D．tried
43．A．attended B．reserved C．cancelled D．run
44．A．shown B．found C．kept D．hidden
45．A．nice B．familiar C．useful D．real
46．A．battled B．debated C．discussed D．bargain
47．A．held B．left C．registered D．brought
48．A．chosen B．received C．ordered D．moved
49．A．missed B．failed C．taken D．led
50．A．concrete B．unusual C．unappealing D．natual
51．A．appreciated B．touched C．researched D．witnessed
52．A．painter B．designer C．author D．actor
53．A．expected B．surprised C．anxious D．ready
54．A．room B．kitchen C．hall D．garden
55．A．apparently B．confidently C．eventually D．temporarily
56．A．owned B．borrowed C．sold D．stole
57．A．collected B．cleaned C．framed D．studied
58．A．suitably B．actually C．rightly D．specifically
59．A．girl B．artist C．family D．police
60．A．copies B．originals C．models D．presents
【答案】

41．C
42. A
43. D
44. B
45. A
46. A
47. D
48. D
49. C
50. B
51. C
52. A
53. B
54. D
55. C
56. A
57. D
58. B
59. D
60. B

【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名叫Nicolo的人在拍卖会上以低价购得两幅画。后来他学艺术欣赏的儿子经过研究发现这两副画可能来自著名画家，他们打电话给意大利文化部，那儿的官员证实这两幅画都是画家的真迹，价值至少5000万美元。
【41 题详解】C
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因意大利的隐私法不能暴露给公众。A. attached参加；B. allocated分配；C. exposed暴露；D. submitted上交。根据下文的because of Italy's privacy可知此处用be exposed to“暴露”符合语境，故选C项。
【42 题详解】A
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因为意大利的隐私法不能暴露给警方。A. finished完成；B. delayed推迟；C. considered考虑；D. tried尝试。根据上文的It was just after sunrise on a June morning可推测Nicolo刚在工厂里上完了夜班，即完成了一整夜的工作，故选A项。
【43 题详解】D
考查动词词义辨析。句意：像往常一样，他顺便去了“下班后拍卖”，这个拍卖会是由意大利警方进行的，在火车上发现的东西卖给出价最高的竞标人。A. attended参加；B. reserved保护；C. cancelled取消；D. run进行。结合常识可知，拍卖会上需要有警察来维持秩序，进行拍卖，故选D项。
【44 题详解】B
考查动词词义辨析。句意：像往常一样，他顺便去了“下班后拍卖”，这个拍卖会是由意大利警察管理的，在火车上发现的东西卖给出价最高的竞标人。A. shown展示；B. found发现；C. kept保存；D. hidden隐藏。根据句意可知，此处是指拍卖的东西都是从一列火车上发现的，故选B项。
【45 题详解】A
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，很多其它东西中，Nicolo看到了两幅画，他觉得它们看起来挂在自己的餐桌上方会很漂亮。A. nice漂亮的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. useful有用的； D. real真的。根据下文的Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for 32$可推测Nicolo认为这两幅画挂在自己的餐桌前会很漂亮，所以才会出高价买，故选A项。
【46 题详解】A
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo和另外一个竞标人竞争，直到Nicolo最终以32美元的价格赢得了这两幅画。A. battled竞争；B. debated辩论；C. discussed 讨论；D. bargained讨价还价。根据上文的were sold to the highest bidder可知此处用“竞争”符合语境，故选A项。
【47 题详解】D
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Nicolo退休去Sicily居住时，他带上了这两幅画。A. held拿着；B. left离开，留下；C. registered注册；D. brought带来。根据下文的he hung them above the same table可知，Nicolo搬家时带上了这两幅画，故选D项。
【48 题详解】D
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把它们挂在同一张桌子的上面，这张桌子是他从Turin搬来的。A. chosen选择；B. received收到；C. ordered 命令；D. moved搬。根据上文的the same table可知，Nicolo搬家时也把桌子搬来了，故选D项。
【49 题详解】C
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他15岁的儿子在上一门艺术欣赏课，他认为那幅有一个年轻女孩坐在花园椅子上的画是不寻常的。A. missed错过；B. failed失败；C. taken拿；D. led导致。根据句意可知，此处考查固定短语take classes“上课”，故选C项。
【50 题详解】B
考查形容词词义辨析，句意：句意：他15岁的儿子在上一门艺术欣赏课，他认为那副有一个年轻女孩坐在花园椅子上的画是不寻常的。A. concrete具体的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. unappealing不吸引人的；D. natural自然的。根据下文的it was signed ''Bonnato'' or he thought可知，儿子认为这幅画可能是一个著名画家的画，故觉得它有些不同寻常，故选B项。
【51 题详解】C
考查动词词义辨析。句意：画上署名Bonnato或者他认为是这样，但当他仔细研究它时，他只发现了“Bonnard”，一个他从未听说过的法国画家。A. appreciated欣赏；B. touched触摸；C. researched研究；D. witnessed目睹。根据下文的he only found ''Bonnard''可推测儿子仔细研究了画，故选C项。
【52 题详解】A
考查名词词义辨析。句意：画上署名Bonnato或者他认为是这样，但当他仔细研究它时，他只发现了Bonnard，一个他从未听说过的法国画家。A. painter画家；B. designer设计师；C. author 作家；D. actor演员。根据下文的a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard可知，此处用画家符合语境，故选A项。
【53 题详解】B
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他买了一本书，非常吃惊的发现里面有一幅艺术家Pierre Bonnard的画，他坐在和父亲画里面一样的花园里，一样的椅子上。A. expected意料的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. ready准备好的。根据下文的sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his father's painting可知此处用“吃惊的”符合语境，故选B项。
【54 题详解】D
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他买了一本书，非常吃惊的发现里面有一幅艺术家Pierre Bonnard的画，他坐在和父亲画里面一样的花园里，一样的椅子上。A. room房间；B. kitchen餐厅； C. hall 大厅；D. garden花园。根据上文的with a young girl sitting on a garden chair可知此处用“花园”符合语境，garden是原词复现，故选D项。
【55 题详解】C
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们最终知道他们拥有的这幅画叫做“有两把椅子的女孩”。A. apparently明显地；B. confidently自信地；C. eventually 最后；D. temporary暂时的。根据上文的he bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same as his father's painting可知，此处是指经过一系列的对比和研究，他们终于从一本书上得知了其中一副画的名字，故选C项。
【56 题详解】A
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们最终知道他们拥有的这幅画叫做“有两把椅子的女孩”。A. owned拥有；B. borrowed借；C. sold卖；D. stole偷。根据上文的Nicolo finally won the paintings for 32$可知，这幅画的所有权是Nicolo的，即他们拥有它，故选A项。
【57 题详解】D
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin的《Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog》。A. collected收集；B. cleaned打扫；C. framed制定；D. studied研究。根据上文的but when he 51 it可知此处用“研究”符合语境，research和study是同义词复现，故选D项。
【58 题详解】B
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin的《Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog》。A. suitably适合地；B. actually事实上；C. rightly正确地；D. specifically具体地。根据句意可知，此处是指他们研究了另外一副画，事实证明也是一副著名画家的画，故选B项。
【59 题详解】C
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家人给意大利文化部打电话，官员肯定这些画是原版，价值高达5000万美元。A. girl女孩；B. artist艺术家；C. family家庭；D. police警察。根据上下文可知，此处是指Nicolo一家为了鉴别画的真伪给意大利文化部打电话，故选C项。
【60 题详解】B
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家人给意大利文化部打电话，官员肯定这些画是原版，价值高达5000万美元。A. copies复制品；B. originals原版；C. models 模型；D. presents礼物。根据下文的as much as $50 million可推测，这两幅画都是画家的原版，故选B项。

4． 【2020·7浙江卷】
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger scat.
One morning I 36 a lost lamb when I was in the top field，near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its 37 , so I jumped out of the tractor to 38 it while Don stayed in his scat.
Lamb and mother 39 , I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so 40 because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. 41 Don had somehow made the 42 move.
My heart froze in my chest as I 43 the tractor heading towards the 44 .I ran desperately but failed to 45 . It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The 46 thing I saw was Don’s face, looking calmly back at me.
Heart in mouth, I 47 the fence and looked over. The tractor was 48 against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously(奇迹般地) crossed the 49 road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldn’t see Don, but as I 50 the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently 51 , and dashed back to me.
The police 52 and the motorway ran normally again. I couldn't quite believe my 53 it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been 54 .Don was given a special 55 that night—I didn’t want him thinking I was angry with him.
36．A．dropped B．spotted C．carried D．returned
37．A．kids B．friends C．owner D．mother
38．A．ask about B．play with C．tend to D．run into
39．A．freed B．switched C．reunited D．examined
40．A．unexpected B．dangerous C．embarrassing D．difficult
41．A．Fortunately B．Generally C．Immediately D．Obviously
42．A．lamb B．vehicle C．seat D．fence
43．A．saw B．stopped C．remembered D．drove
44．A．crowd B．motorway C．field D．hill
45．A．take off B．catch up C．hold back D．get out
46．A．real B．best C．basic D．last
47．A．fixed B．noticed C．reached D．closed
48．A．resting B．running C．parking D．turning
49．A．sleep B．long C．rough D．busy
50．A．abandoned B．approached C．recognized D．repaired
51．A．unclean B．uncertain C．unhurt D．unhappy
52．A．arrived B．replied C．survived D．waited
53．A．ability B．dream C．luck D．idea
54．A．common B．confusing C．desirable D．awful
55．A．meal B．test C．job D．lesson
【答案】

36. B
37. D
38. D
39. C
40. A
41. D
42. B
43. A
44. B
45. B
46. D
47. C
48. A
49. D
50. B
51. C
52. A
53. C
54. D
55. A

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者开车带着它的狗去田地，路上发现了一只和它妈妈走散的小羊。作者下车去照看小羊，把自己的狗留在了车上。后来，作者帮助小羊找到了妈妈，谁知竟发现自己的狗开着拖拉机冲到了高速路上。作者赶紧沿途追赶，害怕造成严重的后果。幸运的是，最后没有人受伤。这真是一个奇迹！
【36 题详解】B
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天早上，我在山顶的田野里发现了一只迷路的小羊，那里有一条高速公路穿过我的田地。A. dropped下降；B. spotted发现；C. carried搬； D. returned返回。下文说小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我是无意中发现了一只迷路的小羊。故选B。
【37 题详解】D
考查名词词义辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它，而Don还坐在它的座位上。A. kids小孩；B. friends朋友；C. owner主人；D. mother妈妈。根据下文Lamb and mother，可知小羊是和它的妈妈走散了。故选D。
【38 题详解】C
考查动词短语辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它，而Don还坐在它的座位上。A. ask about询问；B. play with同……一起玩；C. tend to照看；D. run into撞上。上文说小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以可以推测出我跳下拖拉机去照看它。故选C。
【39 题详解】C
考查动词词义辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈重聚了，我转过身去看拖拉机，却看见它突然离开了我。A. freed使自由；B. switched转变；C. reunited重聚；D. examined检查。下文说我转过身去看拖拉机，因为小羊和它的妈妈重聚了，所以我才有心思去看我的拖拉机。故选C。
【40 题详解】A
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这太出乎意料了，因为我跳下车时已经拉上了手刹。A. unexpected出乎意料的；B. dangerous危险的；C. embarrassing使人尴尬的；D. difficult困难的。上文说我看见拖拉机突然离开了我，下文说我跳下车时已经拉上了手刹，所以这是让人出乎意料的事情。故选A。
【41 题详解】D
考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Generally通常；C. Immediately立即；D. Obviously显然。根据while Don stayed in his seat可知我跳下车，照顾小羊的时候，Don还坐在它的座位上。那么，很显然，是Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。故选D。
【42 题详解】B
考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. lamb小羊；B. vehicle车辆；C. seat座位；D. fence栅栏。根据I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me.可知我转过身去看拖拉机，却看见它突然离开了我。所以这里指的是Don开走了我的车。故选B。
【43 题详解】A
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我看到拖拉机朝高速公路开去时，我的心都僵在胸口。A. saw看到；B. stopped停止；C. remembered记得；D. drove驾驶。下文说，我拼命地追，所以我是看到了拖拉机朝高速公路开去。故选A。
【44 题详解】B
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看到拖拉机朝高速公路开去时，我的心都僵在胸口。A. crowd人群；B. motorway高速公路；C. field旷野；D. hill小山。根据near where a motorway cuts through my land.和having miraculously (奇迹般地) crossed the…road with fast-flowing traffic.可知拖拉机是朝高速公路开去。故选B。
【45 题详解】B
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我拼命地跑，但没能追上。A. take off起飞； B. catch up追上； C. hold back阻止；D. get out出去。根据I ran desperately以及下文It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.可知我没有追上拖拉机。故选B。
【46 题详解】D
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我最后看到的是Don的脸，它平静地看着我。A. real真实的；B. best最好的； C. basic基本的；D. last最后的。Don平静地看着我，这是我最后看到的事情。故选D。
【47 题详解】C
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心都提到嗓子眼了，我抵达栅栏，仔细检查。A. fixed固定；B. noticed注意； C. reached抵达；D. closed关。根据and looked over可知我是抵达了栅栏。故选C。
【48 题详解】A
考查动词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机正靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上，奇迹般地穿过了车流如水的繁忙道路。A. resting 倚靠；B. running跑； C. parking停车；D. turning转动。根据the crash barrier in the central reservation可知拖拉机是靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上。故选A。
【49 题详解】D
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机正靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上，奇迹般地穿过了车流如水的繁忙道路。A. steep陡峭的；B. long长的；C. rough粗糙的；D. busy繁忙的。根据fast-flowing traffic可知这条高速公路非常繁忙。故选D。
【50 题详解】B
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看不见Don，但当我接近拖拉机时，它跳上了马路，显然没有受伤，冲回我身边。A. abandoned抛弃； B. approached接近;C. recognized意识到；D. repaired修理。下文说我的狗冲回我身边，所以我必定是接近了拖拉机。故选B。
【51 题详解】C
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看不见Don，但当我接近拖拉机时，它跳上了马路，显然没有受伤，冲回我身边。A. unclean不洁的；B. uncertain不确定的；C. unhurt没有受伤的；D. unhappy不快乐的。根据下文no one got badly hurt可知我的狗没有受伤。故选C。
【52 题详解】A
考查动词词义辨析。句意：警察来了，高速公路的运行又恢复了正常。A. arrived到达；B. replied回答；C. survived幸存；D. waited等待。下文说高速公路的运行又恢复了正常，可知是警察到达，处理了情况。故选A。
【53 题详解】C
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不能完全相信我的运气，结果没有人受重伤，但后果可能是可怕的。A. ability能力；B. dream梦想； C. luck运气；D. idea想法。我的狗驾驶着拖拉机上了车水马龙的高速路，结果却没有人受伤，所以我不相信我有这么好的运气。故选C。
【54 题详解】D
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不能完全相信我的运气，结果没有人受重伤，但后果可能是可怕的。A. common普通的；B. confusing混乱的；C. desirable令人向往的；D. awful可怕的。根据上文作者的极度担忧My heart froze in my chest和Heart in mouth以及生活常识，动物开车上了高速路，结果可能是非常可怕的。故选D。
【55 题详解】A
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Don那天晚上被给予了一顿特别的晚餐——我不想让它认为我生它的气。A. meal一餐；B. test测验；C. job工作； D. lesson教训。根据下文I didn't want him thinking I was angry with him.可知我不想让它认为我生它的气，所以我给它提供了一顿特别的晚餐。故选A。

5． 【2020天津卷5月】
For the past ten years, my dad and I have attended the same school—he as an administrator and I as a student. Our relationship, in and out of school, has been totally unpredictable.
When I was younger, all that my dad said was doctrine（信条） and anything he did I,      1      , copied. We played games together, and stayed up late reading bedtime stories. I could      2      my dad taking me to school, running into him      3      during the day and riding home with him every afternoon.
As I grew older, we were not as      4      as we used to be. He wasn't cool any more. He wore his socks too high, listened to      5      country music and laughed too loudly in front of my friends. He became a total embarrassment.
However, the      6      that occurred in school were even worse. The worst one happened in seventh grade. My dad came to our New Year party,      7      as Donald Duck, guitar in hand, singing silly songs. Just kill me! I wanted to run away.
This      8      continued into high school, but we somehow began to find a balance. Things started to      9      around the time of my 10th-grade physics project. The      10      was to build a wood bridge with the best strength-to-weight ratio（比率）. All the students and physics teachers      11      . So did my dad, the only administrator! Embarrassed, as usual, I      12      the scene.      13      , later when I learned from my friends that my dad      14      all competitors and won everyone's admiration, I found that mixed in with my      15      was a touch of pride.
I had needed someone else to show me what I      16      in my dad. It wasn't the fact that he'd won; it was more than that. I began to      17      that we have many of the same values and sometimes the same opinions. No matter how much I had tried to      18      him, he still influenced me.
I feel      19      to have such an unusual father. The      20      I have developed with my dad over the years has enabled me to look back and see how I've grown.
1.A.temporarily B.naturally C.originally D.passively
2.A.applyto B.counton C.seeoff D.pickout
3.A.gradually B.previously C.regularly D.eventually
4.A.close B.reliable C.generous D.confident
5.A.creative B.familiar C.horrible D.live
6.A.failures B.coincidences C.competitions D.disasters
7.A.dressedup B.brokendown C.settleddown D.signedup
8.A.debate B.party C.progress D.struggle
9.A.happen B.change C.grow D.disappear
10.A.issue B.task C.lesson D.procedure
11.A.participated B.protested C.hesitated D.explored
12.A.fled B.investigated C.pictured D.made
13.A.Instead B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.However
14.A.convinced B.defeated C.ignored D.evaluated
15.A.confusion B.encouragement C.embarrassment D.fascination
16.A.recommended B.tolerated C.doubted D.appreciated
17.A.recognize B.demand C.argue D.estimate
18.A.approach B.limit C.resist D.believe
19.A.puzzled B.fortunate C.concerned D.awkward
20.A.strategy B.habit C.relationship D.potential

【答案】

1. B
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. C
6. D
7. A
8. D
9. B
10. B
11. A
12. A
13. D
14. B
15. C
16. D
17. A
18. C
19. B
20. C

【解析】
【1 题详解】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了父子关系的变化。小时候，作者很敬仰自己的父亲，中学阶段，很抵触、反感自己的父亲。经过一系列的事情，作者开始感激父亲，以他为傲。考查副词辨析。A. temporarily 临时地，暂时；B. naturally 自然地；C. originally 最初，起初；D. passively 被动地。根据前文，爸爸说的话都是信条，所以，自然而然，他做的任何事我都照搬。体现出作者小时候对父亲的崇拜。故答案为：B。
【2 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A. apply to 适用于，运用于；B. count on 指望，依靠；C. set off 出发，动身；D. pick out 挑选出。因为那时候我还很小，爸爸又在和我同一个学校上班，所以作者是要依赖爸爸带他去上学的。故答案为：B。
【3 题详解】考查副词辨析。A. gradually 逐渐地；B. previously 以前；C. regularly 有规律地，定期地；D. eventually 最终。早上爸爸带我去上学，白天经常和他碰面，下午和他一起骑车回家。故答案为：C。
【4 题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. close 接近的，亲密的；B. reliable 可靠的；C. generous 慷慨的；D. confident 自信的。由上文可知，作者很依赖、崇拜自己的爸爸。而由下文可知，觉得爸爸没有那么酷了，出现很多尴尬的事情。所以作者觉得，随着年龄的增长，他们不再像以前那么亲密了。故答案为：A。
【5 题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. creative 有创造力的；B. familiar 熟悉的；C. horrible 可怕的；D. live 活的；现场直播的。作者此时已经开始嫌弃自己的爸爸了，再根据第四段的 "singing silly songs" 可知，作者不喜欢爸爸的音乐风格，此处需要一个贬义词。故答案为：C。
【6 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. failure 失败；B. coincidence 巧合；C. competition 比赛；D. disaster 灾难。根据上文可知，作者提到了父亲很多尴尬的场景或事情。此处用disasters形容在学校发生的一些尴尬的事情，是作者的一种夸张的说法。故答案为：D。
【7 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A. dress up 装扮，打扮；B. break down 机器出故障，车子抛锚；C. settle down 定居；D. sign up 签约，报名。dress up as…装扮成……。新年派对上，爸爸装扮成唐老鸭，手里拿着吉他，唱着愚蠢的歌曲。故答案为：A。
【8 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. debate 争辩；B. party 派对；C. progress 进步；D. struggle 奋斗；斗争。根据上文可知，作者嫌弃自己的父亲，觉得他丢人、尴尬，而父亲却一直做着一个父亲该做的事情。所以，这在作者看来是一种斗争。句意：这种斗争一直持续到高中，但我们不知怎么地开始找到平衡。故答案为：D。
【9 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. happen 发生；B. change 改变；C. grow 成长，种植；D. disappear 消失。大约在我十年级做物理项目的时候，事情开始改变。故答案为：B。
【10 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. issue 问题；B. task 任务；C. lesson 课程，教训；D. procedure 程序，手续。物理项目的任务是建造一座具有最佳强度重量比的木桥。故答案为：B。
【11 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. participate 参加；B. protest 抗议，反对；C. hesitate 犹豫；D. explore 探索。前文提到物理项目，所以所有的学生和物理老师都参加到这个项目中来。故答案为：A。
【12 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. flee 逃跑；B. investigate 调查；C. picture 想象，设想；D. make 制作，使。我爸爸作为唯一的管理人员，也加入到这个项目中来。作者像往常一样感到尴尬，因此逃离了现场。故答案为：A。
【13 题详解】考查副词辨析。A. instead 代替，反而；B. otherwise 否则；C. therefore 因此；D. however 然而。上文作者依旧感到尴尬而逃离了，下文却说父亲打败了其他的参赛者，所以为转折的关系。故答案为：D。
【14 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. convince 使信服；B. defeat 击败；C. ignore 忽视；D. evaluate 评估，评价。根据下文won everyone's admiration赢得了所有人的赞赏，可知父亲击败了所有的竞争者。故答案为：B。
【15 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. confusion 困惑；B. encouragement鼓励；C. embarrassment 尴尬；D. fascination 魅力，入迷。父亲打败了其他的竞争者，所以，作者发现在他的尴尬中夹杂着一丝骄傲。故答案为：C。
【16 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. recommend建议；B. tolerate 忍受；C. doubt 怀疑；D. appreciate 欣赏，感激。由上文可知，父亲在一个物理项目让我开始为他感到骄傲，所以，此处说，我需要别人帮我来展示我对我父亲的欣赏。故答案为：D。
【17 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. recognize 认出，识别；B. demand 要求，需要；C. argue 吵架；D. estimate 估价，估算。作者开始认识到他们有许多相同的价值观，有时也有相同的观点。故答案为：A。
【18 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. approach 靠近，接近；B. limit 限制；C. resist 反抗，抵抗；D. believe 相信。上文在和父亲不亲密的阶段里，由于各种尴尬的事情一直在抵抗父亲、不愿接触父亲。句意：不管我怎么反抗他，他仍然影响着我。故答案为：C。
【19 题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. puzzled 困惑的，茫然的；B. fortunate 幸运的；C. concerned 关心的；D. awkward 尴尬的，笨拙的。作者最后欣赏自己的父亲，为他感到骄傲，所以，他很幸运有这么一位不同寻常的父亲。故答案为：B。
【20 题详解】 考查名词辨析。A. strategy 策略；B. habit 习惯；C. relationship 关系；D. potential 潜能，潜力。本文一直在讲自己和父亲的关系。句意：多年来，我和父亲的关系使我能够回首过去，看看自己是如何成长的。故答案为：C。

6． 【2020浙江卷1月】
I was born legally blind. Of all the stories of my early childhood, the one about a      1      is my mother's favorite.
I was only two when the      2      occurred. We had just arrived home from a trip. Mom lifted me out of the car and      3      to speak to the driver. I took advantage of my brief      4      to dash across the lawn（草坪）—and hit a large maple tree! I was running so fast that I bounced off the trunk and      5      on my backside. Mom      6      me to start crying, but I just sat there for a minute. Then I      7      myself up and kept right on going. Mom always      8      here that, as many times as I      9      across the lawn after that, I never again      10      into that tree.
Mom loves to use this story as an      11      . It reminds her that children don't enter life      12      to take risks or unwilling to      13      again when they fall down. She never wanted me to lose that      14      as I grew older. When I      15      my major life decisions, I was still that little girl tearing full-speed across the lawn, I studied abroad and later moved away from my parents' home to look for a      16      . Through years of      17      , I have become a respected teacher in a school serving high-need students.
We are almost certain to get      18      at some point during the process of achieving our goal. When that happens, don't sit in the grass and      19      . Just get up and keep on going. It will all be worth it      20      .
·
36. A. trip
B. race
C. tree
D. driver
37. A. incident
B. change 
C. illness
D. problem
38. A. feared
B. refused
C. forgot
D. turned
39. A. delay
B. absence
C. freedom
D. rest
40. A. landed
B. slept
C. laughed
D. wept
41. A. promised.
B. encouraged
C. allowed
D. expected
42. A. woke
B. picked
C. warmed
D. gave
43. A. adds
B. replies
C. admits
D. supposes
44. A. drove
B. lived
C. stood
D. zoomed
45. A. crashed
B. broke
C. climbed
D. looked
46. A. answer
B. example
C. excuse
D. order
47. A. able
B. ashamed
C. afraid
D. anxious
48. A. ask
B. share
C. learn
D. try
49. A. honesty
B. toughness
C. kindness
D. curiosity
50. A. regretted
B. reviewed
C. made
D. explained
51. A. job
B. friend
C. fortune
D. house
52. A. memories
B. efforts
C. research
D. experience
53. A. mixed up
B. fed up 
C. knocked down
D. settled down
54. A. play
B. relax
C. dream
D. cry
55. A. all at once
B. in the end
C. in either case
D. as a result
【答案】

1. C
2. A
3. D
4. C
5. A
6. D
7. B
8. A
9. D
10. A
11. B
12. C
13. D
14. B
15. C
16. A
17. B
18. C
19. D
20. B

【解析】
【1 题详解】考查名词。根据文章第二段我们可知，这段经历是与作者儿时撞到了一棵树之后的经历有关，和其他三个选项关联性都不大，故答案为C. tree。
【2 题详解】考查名词。同样根据下文描述，作者撞到树上的经历应该归结为一场意外而非其他选项中的 "改变" ， "疾病" 或 "问题" ，故答案为A. incident。
【3 题详解】考查形容词。根据文章描述，此时坐着的妈妈应当是忙于和司机说话而没有注意到他，选项中只有D. turn to do "转身去做某事" 符合文章语境，故答案为D. turn。
【4 题详解】考查名词。由于上文提到妈妈转身去和司机说话而无暇顾及我，所以我有了短暂的自由时光，故答案为C. freedom。5.考查动词。根据题目所在的这句话 "我冲得如此快以至于我从树干上反弹了回来然后——在我的背后" 可知作者此时的动作是非常快的以致于撞到树上弹了回来，是有一个飞起来并且落地的过程，故答案应该为A. land，降落。
【6 题详解】考查动词。根据后面的转折词but来判断，上一句所说的内容与下一句是相反的或意义上不那么接近的，所以答案为D. expected。翻译为 "妈妈本以为我会哭，但是我仅仅是在那里坐了一会儿" 。
【7 题详解】考查动词短语。wake up醒来，pick up振作精神，站起，warm up热身，变暖，give up放弃，根据后面的 "keep right on going" 可知我此时的动作应当是从地上站起来重新打起精神，故答案为B。
【8 题详解】考查动词。根据本空的选项时态我们可以判断，此处并非作者回忆过去的事了，而是妈妈一直以来的一个行为，准确翻译应为 "妈妈讲到那里总会——" ，A. "补充到" ，B. "回复" ，C. "承认" ，D. "假定，设想" ，根据下文所说的内容 "后来很多次我从草坪里飞驰而过却再也不会撞到那棵树上了" 可知是妈妈对这段往事的补充说明，故答案为A。
【9 题详解】考查动词。drive开车，live 居住，stand站，zoom疾行。可知是和之前一样哪怕是我再一次飞快地跑过去那片草丛也不会吃同样的亏了，故答案为D。
【10 题详解】考查动词。根据句意，和之前一样哪怕是我再一次飞快地跑过去那片草丛也不会吃同样的亏了，A. crash撞，broke打碎，打破，climb, 爬，look看，故答案为A。
【11 题详解】考查名词。妈妈喜欢把这件事情作为一个例子。根据下文妈妈的观点可知妈妈认为孩子们是不怕冒险的并且跌倒了吃到苦头之后是不愿意再去冒第二次险的。所以根据这个观点可知，这个故事是这一观点的最好例子而非 "答案" ， "理由" 或 "命令" 。故答案为B。
【12 题详解】考查形容词。根据句子前面的don't以及上文中的例子可知孩子们是有勇气即敢于冒险的，故答案为C。
【13 题详解】考查动词。根据本句可知妈妈认为孩子们是不怕冒险的并且跌倒了吃到苦头之后是不愿意再去冒第二次险的。故答案为D。
【14 题详解】考查名词。根据前文中的例子和观点可知，妈妈是不希望我随着年纪渐长失去对于生活的韧劲，不要因为害怕冒险而不敢去尝试。故答案为B. toughness 韧性。
【15 题详解】考查固定搭配，根据后问 "my major life decisions" 可知这里应该是做未来专业的决定, make a decision做决定，故答案为C。
【16 题详解】考查名词。根据翻译以及事物发展规律 "我出国留学并且后来搬到离我父母的家很远的地方去得到一个——" ，根据选项来看符合题意的只有A. job，故答案为A。
【17 题详解】考查名词。根据翻译，"经过了很多年的努力，我成为了一所高中学校里受人尊敬的老师"，A. 记忆，B. 努力，C. 调查，D. 经历。成为老师和其他三个选项关系都不大，故答案为B。
【18 题详解】考查动词短语。mix up混合，fed up供给食物，knock down击倒，settle down定居。根据全文大意可知作者想要表达的是我们都曾被生活击倒过。故答案为C。
【19 题详解】考查动词。与上文43题所处句子相对应， "当那种事情发生的时候，我们不要坐到草地里哭" （即像当初作者妈妈预料的那样），故答案为D。
【20 题详解】 考查介词短语。all at once 突然，in the end最终，in either case无论如何，as a result结果是。根据翻译 "它最终都值得" ，答案为B。


7． 【2020年海南卷】
When Jim Grant spotted back smoke coming out of a building on his way to work, he      1      his car to call 911. Then he      2      a U-turn, circling back to take another look.
Pulling up to the building. Grant saw flames（火焰）shooting out of a second-floor window. Not seeing or hearing any fire engines      3     , Grant rushed to a side      4      and ran up the stairs.
On the second floor, he      5      every apartment door "Get out!" Grant shouted. No one      6      and he assumed that people had already      7     . Reaching the end of the hallway, though, Grant      8      a half-open door. He kicked it wide open, finding a      9      woman in a wheelchair with a little boy and a tiny baby. "Let's      10     !" he screamed. The woman looked at him in confusion and said something about changing her clothes. Grant didn't wait. Clutching（抓牢）the baby to his chest and      11      the boy alongside, Grant ran down the hallway. When he was      12      outside, the only      13      in sight was a policeman. Grant told him about the      14      and they rushed into the smoky building.
Thanks to them, a family was saved from the fire. Grant and the policeman were honored for heir      15     .
1.A.drove B.stopped C.reached D.abandoned
2. A.saw B.made C.missed D.crossed
3. A.burning B.leaving C.approaching D.waiting
4. A.entrance B.mad C.building D.window
5. A.locked B.kicked C.counted D.repaired
6. A.agreed B.cared C.responded D.understood
7. A.arrived B.returned C.hidden D.escaped
8. A.skipped B.closed C.noticed D.remembered
9. A.frightened B.curious C.patient D.grateful
10. A.turn back B.go up C.get out D.lie down
11.A.following B.dragging C.Examining D.passing
12. A.safely B.secretly C.suddenly D.previously
13. A.witness B.guide C.service D.help
14. A.woman B.door C.car D.baby
15. A.wisdom B.generosity C.honesty D.courage

答案：

1. B
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. C
7. D
8. C
9. A
10. C
11. B
12. A
13. D
14. A
15. D

【解析】文章大意：这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了格兰特在上班的路上发现一栋大楼冒出黑烟并且楼上窗户喷火，他就冲上楼救了两个孩子，并且告诉警察上面还有一个女人，于是女人也获救了。
【1 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当吉姆·格兰特在上班的路上发现一栋大楼冒出黑烟时，他停下车打911。A. drove驾驶；B. stopped停下来；C. reached到达；D. abandoned抛弃。分析可知，大楼冒黑烟是着火了，所以停下车去拨打911报警符合题意，故选：B。
【2 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他掉头，绕回来再看一眼。A. see看；B. make做；C. miss错过；D. cross交叉；横过。make a U-turn意为掉头，固定搭配。故选：B。
【3 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：格兰特把车停到大楼前，看见火焰从二楼的窗户里喷出来。没有看到或听到任何消防车接近。格兰特冲到一个侧门跑上楼梯。A. burn燃烧；B. leave离开；C. approach接近；D. wait等待。分析可知，火焰都已经从二楼喷出来，并且可以看出格兰特跑上楼梯去救火，可以推测是因为消防车没来，此处approaching表示接近，符合题意，故选：C。
【4 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：格兰特把车停到大楼前，看见火焰从二楼的窗户里喷出来。没有看到或听到任何消防车接近。格兰特冲到一个侧门跑上楼梯。A. entrance入口；B. road路；C. building楼；D. window窗户。根据语境可知，二楼窗户喷火并且消防车没来所以格兰特冲到侧门是为了救火，符合题意，side entrance侧门。故选：A。
【5 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在二楼，他踢了每个公寓的门。A. lock锁；B. kick踢；C. count计算；D. repaire修。根据上文可知，大楼着火了。格兰特冲上楼去救火，所以踢门符合题意，是为了看里面是否有人。故选：B。
【6 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人回应，他以为人们已经逃走了。A. agree同意；B. care照顾；C. respond回应；D. understand理解。分析可知，格兰特踢门问里面是否有人，再结合后面他认为人已经逃走了可以判断出是没有人回应他。故选：C。
【7 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人回应，他以为人们已经逃走了。A. arrive到达；B. return返回；C. hid藏；D. escape逃离。分析可知，格兰特踢门但没有人回应，所以他以为人们已经逃走 (escaped) 符合题意，故选：D。
【8 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，到达走廊尽头时，格兰特注意到一扇半开的门。A. skip跳；B. close关闭；C. notice注意；D. remember记得。分析可知，上文格兰特以为人们都逃走了，并且格兰特是来救人的，所以格兰特注意到一扇半开的们符合题意，故选：C。
【9 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他把它踢得很宽，发现一个坐在轮椅上的吓坏了的女人，她带着一个小男孩和一个小婴儿。A. frightened害怕的；B. curious好奇的；C. patient耐心的；D. grateful感谢的。分析可知，发生了火灾，所以女人是害怕的符合题意，故选：A。
【10 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意： "我们出去吧！" 他大声喊道。A. turn back返回；B. go up上升；C. get out出去；D. lie down躺下。分析可知，格兰特找到了被困人员，所以要带他们出去符合句意，故选：C。
【11 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：格兰特没有等，他把婴儿抱起来，把男孩拖到旁边，沿着走廊跑去。A. follow跟随；B. drag拖；C. examine测试；D. pass通过。分析可知，格兰特要救他们出去，所以拖着男孩跑出去符合题意，故选：B。
【12 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当他安全地到外面时，唯一看得见的帮助就是一个警察。A. safely安全地；B. secretly秘密地；C. suddenly突然地；D. previously以前地。分析可知，格兰特把被困人员救了出来，所以只有安全地到达外面符合题意，故选：A。
【13 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他安全地在外面时，看得见的唯一能够帮忙的人就是一个警察。A. witness目击者；B. guide指南；C. service服务；D. help帮助。分析可知，警察是提供帮助的，故选：D。
【14 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：格兰特告诉他那个女人（还在里面），他们冲进烟雾弥漫的大楼。A. woman女人；B. door门；C. car车；D. baby婴儿。分析可知，格兰特把婴儿和男孩救出来了，女人还没有出来，所以他告诉警察那个女人还在里面，符合题意，故选A。
【15 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了他们，一家人才从火灾中获救。格兰特和警察因他们的勇气而受到表彰。A. wisdom智慧；B. generosity慷慨；C. honesty诚实；D. courage勇气。分析可知，警察和格兰特冲进大火里救了这一家人，是非常有勇气的，所以因他们的勇气而受到表彰符合题意，故选：D。

五、 模拟演练
1． （2022·全国·模拟预测）
Although our meetings were few, I could____1____my mother-in-law was pure gold. I loved her____2____I saw her. She suffered from cancer for years and we knew her____3____was short.
During one visit, as we left her hotel room, I____4____back to see her staring after us. Her____5____look brought tears to my eyes. I knew what she thought, "Will this be the____6____time?" I stopped, walked to her and hugged her____7____. I whispered. "Mom, come back for the____8____."
The day of the wedding was joyous. Georgia and I____9____face-to-face as we said our vows（誓言）. There was a____10____in my voice, After we were____11____man and wife, I hugged my new bride,____12____her arm and walked her down the aisle（过道）. My mother-in-law said later, "I could hear it in your shaking voice. I know you____13____every word you said."
The afternoon, we danced, hugged, and expected words of____14____. At one point, I found my mother-in-law____15____. I crouched（蹲下）beside her chair and said. "Mom, I'm so____16____you're here."
She said, "Michael, I'm very happy. All I____17____was to see Georgia settled. Today I saw it____18____." Within a year, she____19____and lives forever in our hearts.
Mothers are the strength behind great families. I've been____20____with some great ones.
1．A．hear B．hope C．see D．expect
2．A．nearly B．instantly C．secretly D．finally
3．A．time B．chance C．height D．hair
4．A．got B．went C．called D．glanced
5．A．sorrowful B．careful C．meaningful D．different
6．A．only B．last C．best D．first
7．A．firmly B．loosely C．casually D．hardly
8．A．party B．dinner C．wedding D．holiday
9．A．walked B．sat C．lay D．stood
10．A．hesitation B．pleasure C．tremble D．pause
11．A．introduced B．announced C．suggested D．remembered
12．A．abandoned B．handled C．watched D．took
13．A．meant B．forgot C．realized D．changed
14．A．satisfaction B．congratulation C．admiration D．instruction
15．A．fit B．asleep C．gone D．alone
16．A．active B．worried C．glad D．generous
17．A．wanted B．experienced C．required D．commanded
18．A．complete B．happen C．adopt D．develop
19．A．passed on B．passed down C．passed away D．passed by
20．A．disappointed B．satisfied C．acquainted D．blessed
【答案】

1．C
2．B
3．A
4．B
5．A
6．B
7．A
8．C
9．D
10．C
11．B
12．D
13．A
14．B
15．D
16．C
17．A
18．B
19．C
20．D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者对岳母的深厚感情。
【1 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们见面很少，但我看得出我岳母是很好的人。A. hear听见；B. hope希望；C. see看到；D. expect期待。后文的“my mother-in-law was pure gold”是作者所看到的，因此空格处是“看到”，故选C。
【2 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一见到她就爱上她了。A. nearly将近；B. instantly 一……就……；C. secretly秘密地；D. finally最后。由“I saw her”可知，句子表示“我一见到她就爱上她了”，因此空格处是“ 一……就……”，故选B。
【3 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她患了多年的癌症，我们知道她的时间不多了。A. time时间；B. chance机会；C. height高度；D. hair头发。由“She suffered from cancer”可知，她得了癌症，因此命不久矣，因此是时间不多，故选A。
【4 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，当我们离开她的酒店房间时，我回去看到她盯着我们。A. got得到；B. went去；C. called打电话；D. glanced一瞥。由“back to see her staring after us”可知，我是回去看到她盯着我们，go back意为“回去”，故选B。
【5 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她悲伤的神情使我热泪盈眶。A. sorrowful悲伤的；B. careful认真的；C. meaningful有意义的；D. different不同的。由“brought tears to my eyes”可知，是她悲伤的神情使哭，故选A。
【6 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道她在想什么，“这会是最后一次吗?”A. only只有；B. last最后的；C. best最好的；D. first第一个的。由上文的“her____was short”可知，她的时间不多了，因此她在想这是不是自己最后一次见到作者他们，故选B。
【7 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我停下来，走向她，紧紧地拥抱她。A. firmly强而有力地；B. loosely松地；C. casually随意地；D. hardly几乎不。由“hugged her”可知，我是紧紧地拥抱她，故选A。
【8 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我低声说。“妈妈，回来参加婚礼吧。”A. party派对；B. dinner晚饭；C. wedding婚礼；D. holiday假期。由后文的“The day of the wedding”可知，我是叫妈妈来参加婚礼，故选C。
【9 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：乔治亚和我面对面地站着宣读誓言。A. walked走路；B. sat坐下；C. lay躺；D. stood站立。由“as we said our vows”可知，我们宣读誓言时是面对面地站着，故选D。
【10 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的声音有些颤抖。A. hesitation犹豫；B. pleasure快乐；C. tremble颤抖；D. pause暂停。由后面的“your shaking voice”可知，作者宣誓时声音颤抖，故选C。
【11 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们被宣布为夫妻后，我拥抱了我的新娘，挽着她的胳膊陪她走过红毯。A. introduced介绍；B. announced宣布；C. suggested建议；D. remembered记得。由“I hugged my new bride”可知，在我们被宣布为夫妻后，我拥抱了我的新娘，因此空格处是“宣布”，故选B。
【12 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们被宣布为夫妻后，我拥抱了我的新娘，挽着她的胳膊陪她走过红毯。A. abandoned抛弃；B. handled处理；C. watched观看；D. took接过。由“walked her down the aisle”可知，我挽着新娘的胳膊陪她走过红毯，take one's arm意为“挽着某人的胳膊”，故选D。
【13 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道你说的每一个字都是认真的。A. meant当真，说到做到；B. forgot忘记；C. realized意识到；D. changed改变。由“I know you____every word you said”可知，句子表示“我知道你说的每一个字都是认真的”，因此空格处是“当真”，故选A。
【14 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：下午，我们跳舞，拥抱，期待着祝贺的话。A. satisfaction满意；B. congratulation祝贺；C. admiration羡慕；D. instruction指示。由“expected words of”可知，因为那是我们的婚礼，所以人们会祝贺我们，因此我们是期待祝贺的话，故选B。
【15 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一刻，我发现我的岳母独自一人。A. fit健康的；B. asleep睡着的；C. gone离去的；D. alone独自一人的。由“I crouched（蹲下）beside her chair and said”可知，作者是看见岳母独自一人，所以蹲下来和她说话，故选D。
【16 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我蹲在她的椅子旁边说。“妈妈，我真高兴你在这里。”A. active活跃的；B. worried担心的；C. glad高兴的；D. generous慷慨的。由“you're here”可知，岳母来参加婚礼，作者应该是觉得很高兴，故选C。
【17 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只想看到乔治娅安定下来。A. wanted想要；B. experienced经历；C. required要求；D. commanded命令。由“to see Georgia settled”可知，作者的岳母想看到乔治娅安定下来，故选A。
【18 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天我看到了它的发生。A. complete完成；B. happen发生；C. adopt采用；D. develop发展。由“I saw it”可知，作者的岳母今天看到乔治娅安定下来这件事发生了，故选B。
【19 题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：不到一年，她就去世了，并永远活在我们的心中。A. passed on度过；B. passed down传下来；C. passed away去世；D. passed by经过。由后文的“lives forever in our hearts”可知，岳母去世了，故选C。
【20 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有幸遇到过一些很棒的人。A. disappointed失望的；B. satisfied满意的；C. acquainted熟识的；D. blessed受祝福的。由“with some great ones”可知，作者有这么棒的岳母，这是很幸运的事，be blessed with意为“享有……的”，故选D。

2． （2022·全国·模拟预测）
The only thing I ever stole in my life was a book. I was six years old and it was the most beautiful thing I'd ever seen, bound in wonderful red Moroccan leather. No one would read it in a million years — it was about the abolition (废除) of slavery — but it was____141____because I learned to read with it.
I was born in South Africa and____142____in an orphanage (孤儿院). The first thing I ever remember is being hit. A temporary teacher called Miss Bornstein was the first person to take a(n)____143____in me. I trusted her and I asked her to help me read that____144____book. She must have thought there was____145____in this little kid, for she agreed. From then on, she sent me a book a month and it____146____my life. Through books, I could escape the orphanage, in my head____147____, and go anywhere a story took me.
Reading____148____me and I finished up winning a____149____to an expensive boarding school._____150_____reading, I'd have become a railway repairman or a drunk. I used to invent stories and serialize (连载) them for the bullies, in exchange for not being_____151_____.
The very first book I totally_____152_____was Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens, which I read when I was about nine years old. Like me, he was alone, poor and led an_____153_____life. So here was this excellent story about someone in a hopeless situation, yet things_____154_____well. It gave me_____155_____.
Probably the most_____156_____book I've read is The Pearl by John Steinbeck. It's very short—and I've read thousands of books since — but it was the first time I_____157_____saw how beautiful words could be, and how astonishing a story could be.
It has a great_____158_____about a young Mexican couple who discover an incredible pearl. Greed is a theme, but_____159_____, it's one of those stories that tells you everything about life. If you want to know the truth, there is one place you can go—_____160_____.
141．A．boring B．magic C．difficult D．popular
142．A．observed B．locked C．raised D．discovered
143．A．interest B．pleasure C．pride D．delight
144．A．missing B．abandoned C．deserted D．stolen
145．A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything
146．A．saved B．disturbed C．wasted D．recorded
147．A．at most B．in brief C．in contrast D．at least
148．A．ruined B．inspired C．adopted D．acknowledged
149．A．membership B．championship C．scholarship D．friendship
150．A．With B．Without C．Beyond D．Upon
151．A．beaten B．hunted C．cured D．loved
152．A．referred to B．identified with C．put aside D．gave up
153．A．amusing B．innocent C．unhappy D．awkward
154．A．broke out B．ruled out C．put out D．turned out
155．A．faith B．hope C．frustration D．life
156．A．beautiful B．awful C．annoying D．unusual
157．A．actually B．consequently C．gradually D．occasionally
158．A．history B．fantasy C．dream D．plot
159．A．by the way B．on the contrary C．in a way D．by no means
160．A．homes B．churches C．schools D．books
【答案】

141．B
142．C
143．A
144．D
145．C
146．A
147．D
148．B
149．C
150．B
151．A
152．B
153．C
154．D
155．B
156．A
157．A
158．D
159．C
160．D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。为子女通过讲教师伯恩斯坦小姐给作者读书的经历，作者讲述了书对作者的影响。
【141 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它是关于废除奴隶制的——但它具有魔力，因为我学会了用它阅读。A. boring无聊的；B. magic魔力的；C. difficult困难的；D. popular流行的。由“I learned to read with it”可知，作者学会了用它阅读，因此这是有魔力的，故选B。
【142 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我出生在南非，在孤儿院长大。A. observed观察；B. locked锁；C. raised抚养；D. discovered发现。由“in an orphanage”可知，作者是在孤儿院被养大，因此空格处是“抚养”，故选C。
【143 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个叫伯恩斯坦小姐的临时教师是第一个对我感兴趣的人。A. interest兴趣；B. pleasure快乐；C. pride骄傲；D. delight高兴。由后文的“I trusted her”可知，那个老师对作者感兴趣，故选A。
【144 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我信任她，请她帮我读那本偷来的书。A. missing不见了的；B. abandoned被抛弃的；C. deserted被抛弃的；D. stolen被偷的。由第一段的“The only thing I ever stole in my life was a book”可知，作者是叫她帮他读那本偷来的书，故选D。
【145 题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：她一定认为这孩子很有才华，所以她同意了。A. nothing没有什么；B. anything任何东西；C. something某些东西；D. everything一切。由后文的“she agreed”可知，那个老师认为这个孩子有才华的，也就是有点东西，因此空格处是“某些东西”，故选C。
【146 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，她每个月给我寄一本书，这救了我的命。A. saved救；B. disturbed打扰；C. wasted浪费；D. recorded记录。由后文的“I could escape the orphanage”可知，作者逃离了孤儿院，因此老师寄的书救了我，故选A。
【147 题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：通过书，我可以逃离孤儿院，至少在我的脑海中，去任何一个故事带我去的地方。A. at most至多；B. in brief简言之；C. in contrast与此相反；D. at least至少。由后文的“go anywhere a story took me”可知，句子表示“至少在我的脑海中，去任何一个故事带我去的地方”，故选D。
【148 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：读书激励了我，我最终赢得了一所昂贵寄宿学校的奖学金。A. ruined破坏；B. inspired激励；C. adopted采用；D. acknowledged承认。由后文的“I finished up winning a　　9　　to an expensive boarding school.”可知，作者能进入昂贵寄宿学校，因此是读书激励了作者，故选B。
【149 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：读书激励了我，我最终赢得了一所昂贵寄宿学校的奖学金。A. membership会员；B. championship冠军称呼；C. scholarship奖学金；D. friendship友谊。由“winning a　　9　　to an expensive boarding school”可知，作者获得了寄宿学校的奖学金，故选C。
【150 题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：如果不读书，我就会变成一个铁路修理工或一个酒鬼。A. With有着；B. Without没有；C. Beyond超过；D. Upon在……上。由后文的“I'd have become a railway repairman or a drunk”可知，句子表示“如果不读书，我就会变成一个铁路修理工或一个酒鬼”，因此空格处是“没有”，故选B。
【151 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我曾经编故事连载给那些恶霸，以换取不被打。A. beaten打；B. hunted打猎；C. cured治愈；D. loved爱。由第二段的“The first thing I ever remember is being hit”可知，以前作者经常被打，因此他编故事连载给那些恶霸，以换取不被打。故选A。
【152 题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：第一本让我印象深刻的书是查尔斯·狄更斯(Charles Dickens)的《雾都孤儿》(Oliver Twist)，我大约九岁的时候就读了这本书。A. referred to提到；B. identified with认同；C. put aside放在一边；D. gave up放弃。由后文的“It gave me　　15　　.”可知，《雾都孤儿》这本书对作者是有很多影响的，也就是作者对此印象深刻，即作者很认同这本书，故选B。
【153 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 和我一样，他孤独、贫穷，过着不快乐的生活。A. amusing有趣的；B. innocent无罪的；C. unhappy不高兴的；D. awkward尴尬的。由前面的“he was alone, poor”可知，他孤独、贫穷，因此过着不快乐的生活，故选C。
【154 题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是一个很好的故事，讲的是一个人在绝望的情况下，但事情最终还是好转了。A. broke out爆发；B. ruled out排除；C. put out扑灭；D. turned out最后是，结果是。yet表转折，因此句子表示“事情最终还是好转了”，因此空格处是“最后是，结果是”，故选D。
【155 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它给了我希望。A. faith信念；B. hope希望；C. frustration沮丧；D. life生活。由上文的“in a hopeless situation, yet things　　14　　well”可知，《雾都孤儿》里的主角刚开始过着不快乐的生活，后来事情都变好了，因此这本书给了作者希望，故选B。
【156 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我读过的最美的书可能是约翰·斯坦贝克的《珍珠》。A. beautiful美丽的；B. awful可怕的；C. annoying令人生气的；D. unusual不寻常的。由后文的“beautiful words could be”可知，此处说《珍珠》这本书是美丽的，故选A。
【157 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意： 这本书很短——从那以后我读了成千上万本书——但那是我第一次真正看到文字可以如此美丽，一个故事可以如此惊人。A. actually实际上；B. consequently结果；C. gradually逐渐；D. occasionally偶尔。由“saw how beautiful words could be, and how astonishing a story could be”可知，句子表示 “那是我第一次真正看到文字可以如此美丽，一个故事可以如此惊人”，因此空格处是“实际上”，故选A。
【158 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它有一个伟大的情节，关于一对年轻的墨西哥夫妇发现了一颗不可思议的珍珠。A. history历史；B. fantasy幻想；C. dream梦想；D. plot情节。后文的“a young Mexican couple who discover an incredible pearl”是书里的情节，故选D。
【159 题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：贪婪是一个主题，但在某种程度上，它是一个故事，告诉你生活的一切。A. by the way顺便说一下；B. on the contrary相反；C. in a way在某种程度上；D. by no means绝不。由“it's one of those stories that tells you everything about life”可知，句子表示 “在某种程度上，它是一个故事，告诉你生活的一切”，故选C。
【160 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你想知道真相，有一个地方你可以去——书。A. homes家；B. churches教堂；C. schools学校；D. books书。由上文的“it's one of those stories that tells you everything about life”可知，在书里你可以知道真相，故选D。

3． （2022·浙江·模拟预测）
Twenty years ago, I drove a taxi. One time, I was called at midnight to ___21___someone up. When I arrived, the building was completely dark except for one light in a window.
I walked to the door and __22__. After a long wait, the door opened. A small woman in her 80s stood before me. By her side was a small suitcase.
"Would you carry my ____23____ out to the car?" she said. I took it and gave her my arm. We walked __24__to the street. She thanked me for my ____25____ constantly. "It's nothing," I told her. "I try to __26__ my passengers how I want my mother treated."
When we got into the taxi, she gave me an address. Then she asked me to drive her ____27____ the downtown. "It’s not the shortest way," I answered. "I'm in no hurry and I'm on my way to a ___28___." she said, her eyes shinning with tears.
" I don't have any family left,"she continued."The doctor says I don't have very long."
I quietly ___29___ the meter (记表器)."What road do you want me to take? " I asked. For hours, we drove through the city. She showed me the neighborhood where she and her husband had lived. Sometimes she asked me to just ___30___down while she sat staring into the darkness, saying nothing.
As the ___31___ was coming up, she suddenly said, "I'm tired. Let's go now." We drove in silence to the hospice(临终安养院), and later we arrived. When we ___32___up，two nurses were waiting for us. They helped her into a wheelchair.
"How much do I owe you?" she asked me, reaching for her____33____.
"Nothing,"I said. Without thinking, I leaned down (俯下身来) and gave her a hug. She also hugged me ___34___.
"You gave an old woman a little ____35____of joy," she said. "Thank you."
I squeezed her hand (紧紧地握着她的手) and then walked back to my ___36___. For the rest of that day, I could ___37___ talk. I believe I have never done anything more ___38___ in my life. We usually think that our lives are ___39___ by great moments. But I now realize that great moments catch us by surprise, because they often seem quite ___40___. It is a taxi ride I’ll never forget.
21．A．set B．gives C．pick D．find
22．A．beat B．knocked C．rest D．hit
23．A．suitcase B．bag C．pack D．package
24．A．slowly B．quickly C．hurriedly D．excitedly
25．A．generosity B．personality C．kindness D．responsibility
26．A．consider B．treat C．convince D．cure
27．A．across B．along C．through D．up
28．A．hospital B．home C．station D．hospice
29．A．turn on B．turn up C．turn over D．turn off
30．A．break B．slow C．pace D．look
31．A．sun B．moon C．star D．light
32．A．take B．bring C．pull D．make
33．A．clothes B．pocket C．purse D．phone
34．A．tightly B．suddenly C．extremely D．actually
35．A．occasion B．while C．moment D．time
36．A．house B．taxi C．direction D．work
37．A．freely B．hardly C．fluently D．frequently
38．A．worthless B．valueless C．meaningful D．precious
39．A．defined B．viewed C．attracted D．limited
40．A．big B．small C．little D．huge
【答案】

21．C
22．B
23．A
24．A
25．C
26．B
27．C
28．D
29．D
30．B
31．A
32．C
33．C
34．A
35．C
36．B
37．B
38．C
39．A
40．B

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了20年前我开出租车时遇到了一位去临终安养院的老太太，我默默地带着她穿过城市商业区，陪她回忆了过去，最终把她送到目的地，我相信我一生中从未做过比这更有意义的事情。
【21 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我半夜被叫去接人。A. set设置；B. gives 给；C. pick 挑选；D. find发现。 根据文章第一句“Twenty years ago, I drove a taxi.”（20年前，我开出租车）可以推断我应该时被叫去接人，pick up意为：开车接某人。故选C。
【22 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我走到门口，敲了敲门。A. beat击败；B. knocked敲；C. rest休息；D. hit 击打。根据空格前“I walked to the door and”（我走到门口并且……），所以应该是敲门。故选B。
【23 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你能把我的手提箱拿到车上吗？A. suitcase 手提箱；B. bag包；C. pack包装，包裹；D. package 包裹。根据前一句“By her side was a small suitcase.”（她旁边有一个手提箱），可知本句应该是问你能把我的手提箱拿到车上吗？故选A。
【24 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们慢慢地走到街上。A. slowly慢慢地；B. quickly迅速地；C. hurriedly匆忙地；D. excitedly 兴奋地。根据第二空后句子“A small woman in her 80s stood before me.”（一个80多岁的小个子女人站在我面前），可以推断应该是慢慢走。故选A。
【25 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不断地感谢我的好心。A. generosity慷慨，大方；B. personality个性；C. kindness友好，好心；D. responsibility责任。根据之前我帮老太太拿手提箱可以推断应该是感谢我的好心。故选C。
【26 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我尽力地像我希望我母亲被对待那样对待我的乘客。A. consider考虑，认为；B. treat对待，款待，治疗；C. convince使信服；D. cure治愈。根据本句中的“how I want my mother treated.”（我想要我妈妈如何被对待）可知空格是对待。故选B。
【27 题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：当我们上了出租车，她给了我一个地址，然后她让我开车穿过市中心。A. across横穿；B. along沿着；C. through穿过；D. up向上。结合本句汉语意思可知是让我开车穿过市中心，through表示从……穿过。故选C。
【28 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不着急，我要去一个临终安养院。A. hospital医院；B. home家；C. station车站；D. hospice收容所，救济院，安养院。根据11空后的句子“We drove in silence to the hospice(临终安养院).”（我们默默地开车去了临终安养院）可知老太太要去临终安养院。故选D。
【29 题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我悄悄地关掉记表器。A. turn on打开；B. turn up出现，调高；C. turn over移交；D. turn off关闭。根据13空句子“"How much do I owe you?" she asked me, reaching for her_______."Nothing,"I said.(“我该给你多少钱？”她问我，伸手去拿她的钱包。“没什么，”我说)”可知我不想要钱，由此推知关掉了计费表。故选D。
【30 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时她让我在她坐着凝视黑暗时放慢速度，什么也不说。A. break打破，打碎，折断；B. slow减速，放慢速度；C. pace踱步；D. look 看。根据上文“She showed me the neighborhood where she and her husband had lived. ”可知，路过自己曾经和丈夫居住过的地方，她让我放慢速度，slow down，意为：放慢速度。故选B。
【31 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当太阳升起时，她突然说：“我累了，我们走吧。”A. sun太阳；B. moon月亮；C. star星星；D. light光。结合前后文，可知应该是我一整夜都带着老太太回忆过去生活的地方，应该是当太阳升起时。故选A。
【32 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们停车时，两个护士在等我们。A. take带走；B. bring带来；C. pull拉；D. make制作，使得。根据前一句“and later we arrived.”（后来我们到了）可知是当我们停车时，pull up，意为：停车。故选C。
【33 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我该给你多少钱？”她问我，伸手去拿她的钱包。A. clothes衣服；B. pocket口袋；C. purse钱夹，钱包；D. phone手机。根据空格前句子“"How much do I owe you?" she asked me, reaching for her（ “我该给你多少钱？”她问我，伸手去拿她的……）”可知问多少钱，应该时伸手拿钱包。故选C。
【34 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她也紧紧地拥抱了我。A. tightly紧紧地；B. suddenly突然间；C. extremely极其地，极端地；D. actually事实上。结合我带着老太太穿过市中心回忆过去，免费送她到达目的地，可知老太太应该是感激我的，所以应该紧紧拥抱我。故选A。
【35 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你给了一位老太太片刻的欢乐。A. occasion时刻，时机；B. while一段时间；C. moment 时刻；D. time 时间。对于一个要进临终安养院的老太太来说我为她做的这些事应该是给了她片刻的欢乐。故选C。
【36 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我紧紧地握着她的手，然后走回我的出租车。A. house房子； B. taxi出租车；C. direction方向，指导；D. work 工作。根据前面句子“then walked back to my”（然后走回我的……）结合我是出租车司机，应该是走回我的出租车。故选B。
【37 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：那天剩下的时间里，我几乎不能说话。A. freely自由地，免费地；B. hardly 几乎不；C. fluently流利地；D. frequently频繁地。作者因为老太太的事情被深深地触动，应该是几乎不能说话。故选B。
【38 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我相信我一生中从未做过比这更有意义的事情。A. worthless无价值的；B. valueless 无价值的；C. meaningful有意义的；D. precious珍贵的。结合上文发生的事情，可推断作者认为免费送这样一位老太太是有意义的。故选C。
【39 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们通常认为我们的生活是被伟大的时刻而定义的。A. defined是……的特征，下定义；B. viewed观看，看待；C. attracted吸引；D. limited限制。这是主题的升华部分，表达的应该是我们通常认为我们的生活是被伟大的时刻而定义的。故选A。
【40 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我现在意识到，伟大的时刻会出乎意料地感染我们，因为它们常常显得很渺小。A. big 大的；B. small小的；C. little小的，少的；D. huge巨大的。根据前一句中的“great moments catch us by surprise,”（ 伟大的时刻会出乎意料地感染我们），可知跟great相对的是small。little表示小的，常带有一定的感情色彩（如高兴，满意，同情等）故排除。故选B。

4． （2022·新疆师范大学附属中学一模）
My father drove a bus in San Antonio for 34 years. It’s the only___61___ I can remember him ever having. His clothes ___62___ -----at first, his uniform was brown-based, and then yellow-based; there was even a period when he was allowed to ___63___ jeans to work every day----- ___64___ his job is always the same. It’s him and the bus.
For a few months, his ___65___ took him through the neighborhood where we lived. It was a (n) ___66___ time for me. I’d be outside with my ___67___ playing basketball or football. When the bus would ___68___, someone would say, “Look! It’s Shea’s dad!” Then we’d watch___69___. It was the proudest moment of my childhood.
Sometimes, we’d ____70____the bus and ride around with him for 10 minutes. He would teach me something. For example, experienced bus drivers____71____ the horn (喇叭)in this way when there’s a lot of foot traffic. Just give it a ____72____blow. Not enough that you get the full strength of the horn, which is very loud and ____73____, but enough that you can ____74____ it. They do that as a way to announce the bus to people who might not____75____ it.
I always thought it was so cool to see my dad ____76____ such a huge vehicle. As I grew older, though, I realized how____77____ it was that he could deal with the human element of the job. A week or two into a new route, he’d know the people who ____78____rode his bus, and the right things to say and do with everyone. I didn’t fully ____79____ how he made it in those days, but now I can figure out his work ____80____: the pride he takes in doing even the tiniest thing in his life.
61．A．job B．test C．lesson D．number
62．A．fit B．shine C．change D．disappear
63．A．sell B．wear C．wash D．mend
64．A．if B．so C．or D．but
65．A．team B．show C．route D．project
66．A．difficult B．reasonable C．horrible D．excellent
67．A．friends B．parents C．kids D．pets
68．A．warm up B．ride by C．pull out D．break down
69．A．in turn B．on guard C．with envy D．at random
70．A．board B．miss C．drive D．repair
71．A．avoid B．watch C．fix D．sound
72．A．real B．light C．sharp D．final
73．A．familiar B．lively C．annoying D．discouraging
74．A．hear B．see C．touch D．smell
75．A．greet B．admire C．notice D．believe
76．A．put up with B．look forward to C．pay attention to D．take control of
77．A．impressive B．embarrassing C．sensitive D．interesting
78．A．hardly B．regularly C．suddenly D．secretly
79．A．admit B．understand C．discuss D．remember
80．A．centers B．rates C．schedules D．principles
【答案】

61．A
62．C
63．B
64．D
65．C
66．D
67．A
68．B
69．C
70．A
71．D
72．B
73．C
74．A
75．C
76．D
77．A
78．B
79．B
80．D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者父亲是一名公交车司机，以及作者对父亲工作的羡慕与理解。
【61 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我唯一记得他做过的工作。A. job工作；B. test测试；C. lesson课；D. number数字。根据“My father drove a bus in San Antonio for 34 years.”可知，作者唯一记得父亲做过的工作就是开公交车。故选A。
【62 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的衣服会改变——一开始，他的制服是棕色的，然后是黄色的；A. fit适合；B. shine照耀；C. change改变；D. disappear消失。根据“at first, his uniform was brown-based, and then yellow-based;”可知，作者父亲的衣服会改变。故选C。
【63 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：甚至有一段时间，他被允许每天穿牛仔裤上班，但他的工作总是一样的。A. sell卖；B. wear穿；C. wash洗；D. mend修补。根据“his uniform was brown-based, and then yellow-based;”和“jeans to work every day”可知，父亲穿牛仔裤上班。故选B。
【64 题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：甚至有一段时间，他被允许每天穿牛仔裤上班，但他的工作总是一样的。A. if如果；B. so因此；C. or或者；D. but但是。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用转折连词。故选D。
【65 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有几个月，他的路线带着他穿过我们住的社区。A. team队；B. show表演；C. route路线；D. project项目。根据“took him through the neighborhood where we lived.”和常识可知，公交车有固定的路线。故选C。
【66 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这对我来说是一段极好的时光。A. difficult困难的；B. reasonable合理的；C. horrible可怕的；D. excellent极好的。根据“It was the proudest moment of my childhood.”可知，父亲开公交车穿过作者住的社区，对作者来说是一段极好的时光。故选D。
【67 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我会和朋友们在外面打篮球或踢足球。 A. friends朋友；B. parents父母；C. kids孩子；D. pets宠物。根据“When the bus would 　　8　　, someone would say, “Look! It’s Shea’s dad!””可知，作者和朋友一起打篮球或踢足球。故选A。
【68 题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当公共汽车经过时，有人会说：“看!谢伊的爸爸!”A. warm up变暖；B. ride by经过；C. pull out拔出；D. break down抛锚。根据“For a few months, his 　　5　　 took him through the neighborhood where we lived.”可知，作者父亲开公交车经过作者住的社区。故选B。
【69 题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：然后我们羡慕地看着。A. in turn轮流；B. on guard值班；C. with envy带着羡慕；D. at random随便地。根据“It was the proudest moment of my childhood.”可知，作者和朋友都羡慕地看着开公交车的父亲。故选C。
【70 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候，我们会坐上公交车，和他一起坐上10分钟。 A. board登(飞机、车、船等) ；B. miss错过；C. drive驾驶；D. repair修理。根据“and ride around with him for 10 minutes.”可知，作者和朋友会登上公交车。故选A。
【71 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，有经验的公交车司机在行人很多的时候会用这种方式按喇叭。A. avoid避免；B. watch观看；C. fix修理；D. sound发出声音。根据“when there’s a lot of foot traffic.”可知，行人很多的时候，公交司机会用按喇叭方式发出声音提醒行人。故选D。
72 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：轻轻按一下就行了。A. real真正的；B. light轻的；C. sharp敏锐的；D. final最后的。根据“Not enough that you get the full strength of the horn, which is very loud and 　　13　　, but enough that you can 　　14　　 it.”可知，喇叭只需要轻轻按一下。故选B。
【73 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这还不足以让你得到喇叭的全部力量，这是非常响亮和烦人的，但足以让你听到它。 A. familiar熟悉的；B. lively活泼的；C. annoying恼人的；D. discouraging令人气馁的。根据“which is very loud”可知，喇叭声音大的话会非常响亮和烦人的。故选C。
【74 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这还不足以让你得到喇叭的全部力量，这是非常响亮和烦人的，但足以让你听到它。A. hear听到；B. see看见；C. touch触摸；D. smell闻到。根据“Not enough that you get the full strength of the horn, which is very loud and 　　13　　,”可知，喇叭声音要正好足以能够听到它。故选A。
【75 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们这样做是为了向可能不会注意到巴士的人告示。A. greet打招呼；B. admire羡慕；C. notice注意；D. believe相信。根据“They do that as a way to announce the bus to people”可知，公交司机用这种按喇叭的方式提醒行人注意。故选C。
【76 题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我一直觉得看到我爸爸控制这么一辆大车很酷。A. put up with容忍；B. look forward to盼望；C. pay attention to注意；D. take control of控制。根据“I always thought it was so cool”可知，作者认为父亲控制这么一辆大车很酷。故选D。
【77 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着年龄的增长，我意识到他能处理好工作中的人性化因素是多么令人印象深刻。A. impressive让人深刻印象的；B. embarrassing令人为难的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. interesting有趣的。根据“it was that he could deal with the human element of the job.”可知，作者意识到父亲能处理好工作中的人性化因素让人印象深刻。故选A。
【78 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在新路线上呆上一两个星期，他就会知道那些经常乘坐他的公共汽车的人，知道该和每个人说什么、做什么。A. hardly几乎不；B. regularly有规律地；经常地；C. suddenly突然；D. secretly秘密地。根据“and the right things to say and do with everyone.”可知，这里指父亲会记得那些经常乘坐他的公共汽车的乘客。故选B。
【79 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时我还不完全理解他是怎么做到的，但现在我明白了他的工作原则：他为自己做了生活中最微小的事情而感到骄傲。A. admit承认；B. understand理解；C. discuss讨论；D. remember记得。根据“but now I can figure out his work 　　20　　: the pride he takes in doing even the tiniest thing in his life.”可知，作者起初并不明白父亲怎么做到这些的。故选B。
【80 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时我还不完全理解他是怎么做到的，但现在我明白了他的工作原则：他为自己做了生活中最微小的事情而感到骄傲。A. centers中心；B. rates速度；C. schedules时间表；D. principles原则。根据“the pride he takes in doing even the tiniest thing in his life.”可知，作者现在明白了父亲的工作原则。故选D。

5． （2022·浙江·模拟预测）
“So what are you?” I often get questions like these from passerby’s wondering where I come from. Immediately, I ___41___ the word: Filipino (菲律宾人).
So each time I get asked the same question, and I ___42___ my situation before finally saying the only seemingly ___43___ answer: “I’m Filipina.” I say, but inside I know that I have ___44___ due to the fact that I am not Filipina, but Filipina-American. I’ve ___45___ with this issue my entire life. How two words can be so simple but still reflect so much ___46___ and complexity.
Though ___47___ in between two cultures, I am completely Americanized, born in Texas, raised in Tennessee ___48___ still grasped under the values and ___49___ of a Filipino family.
My mother and father immigrated to the States right after they were married. My father was studying to become a doctor, hopeful about the opportunities of a ____50____ new world. My mom: a young wife who had been ____51____ educated in a Catholic school under the ____52____ of nuns (修女) throughout her primary and undergraduate education.
As I grew up and made friends, I saw the interaction between them and their mothers to be ____53____ different from the one with mine. Sometimes, I would get ____54____ of “disrespect” because of the language I talked with my mother and I never ____55____ it because when I saw my friends do the same and speak in the same ____56____.
My liberal (自由) political beliefs cannot be ____57____ due to the strict upbringing of my mother, my interest in boys as a 16-year old girl are ____58____, the ideas that being a(an) ____59____ is the only way you can make a difference. Sure, not all Filipino parents are like this, but this sure isn’t what I ____60____ from America.
41．A．break away with B．catch sight of C．get down to D．come up with
42．A．reflect on B．give away C．leave out D．hand over
43．A．difficult B．reasonable C．ugly D．recognizable
44．A．survived B．failed C．lied D．agreed
45．A．struggled B．developed C．competed D．exchanged
46．A．trouble B．confusion C．fear D．fun
47．A．set B．found C．caught D．pushed
48．A．but B．and C．or D．so
49．A．fortune B．honor C．concerns D．traditions
50．A．shocking B．thrilling C．leading D．promising
51．A．directly B．illegally C．strictly D．naturally
52．A．guidance B．service C．direction D．attention
53．A．slightly B．completely C．generally D．mainly
54．A．informed B．reminded C．accused D．ashamed
55．A．knew B．stopped C．understood D．ignored
56．A．manner B．sense C．position D．condition
57．A．charged B．tolerated C．observed D．avoided
58．A．encouraged B．prohibited C．reported D．predicted
59．A．student B．educator C．officer D．doctor
60．A．benefited B．suffered C．heard D．learned
【答案】

41．D
42．A
43．B
44．C
45．A
46．B
47．C
48．A
49．D
50．D
51．C
52．A
53．B
54．C
55．C
56．A
57．B
58．B
59．D
60．D

【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为一个菲律宾裔美国人，虽然在美国长大，但仍然受到菲律宾家庭价值观和传统的影响，她的自由主义、政治信仰在家里不被容忍。
【41 题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我马上想到了一个词：菲律宾人。A. break away with脱离，摆脱；B. catch sight of(突然或刹那间)看见，发现；C. get down to开始干，着手做；D. come up with想出，提出。根据上文“So what are you?”可知，其他人询问作者来自哪里，再结合空格后“the word: Filipino”可知，当听到这个问题时，作者应该是想到了一个词：菲律宾人，“come up with”意为“想出，提出”，符合语境。故选D项。
【42 题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以每次我被问到同样的问题，我都会思考自己的处境，然后最终说出唯一看似合理的答案：“我是菲律宾人。”A. reflect on思考，反省；B. give away捐赠；C. leave out忽略；D. hand over转交。根据空格后“my situation”和下文“Filipina-American”可知，作者事实上是一个菲律宾裔美国人，由此可知，当被问来自哪里时，作者会思考自己的处境，然后给出一个看似合理的答案。故选A项。
【43 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以每次我被问到同样的问题，我都会思考自己的处境，然后最终说出唯一看似合理的答案：“我是菲律宾人。”A. difficult困难的；B. reasonable合理的；C. ugly丑陋的；D. recognizable可识别的。根据下文“Filipina-American”可知，作者事实上是一个菲律宾裔美国人，但不知道如何解释，由此可知，当被问道来自哪里时，作者给出一个看似合理的答案，说自己是菲律宾人。故选B项。
【44 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我这样说，但内心深处我知道我撒谎了，因为我不是菲律宾人，而是菲律宾裔美国人。A. survived幸存；B. failed失败；C. lied说谎，撒谎；D. agreed同意。根据句中“Filipina-American”可知，作者事实上是一个菲律宾裔美国人，但却对别人说自己是菲律宾人，由此可知，作者知道自己撒谎了。故选C项。
【45 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一辈子都在为这个问题挣扎。A. struggled挣扎，努力；B. developed发展；C. competed竞争；D. exchanged交换。根据上文内容可知，作者是一个菲律宾裔美国人，但不知道如何解释这个问题，就撒谎对别人说自己是菲律宾人，因为这个问题总会被问起，由此可知，作者一辈子都在为这个问题挣扎。故选A项。
【46 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这两个词可能很简单，但仍然反映出这么多的困惑和复杂性。A. trouble麻烦；B. confusion困惑；C. fear害怕；D. fun乐趣。根据上文内容可知，作者因为不知道如何解释自己是一个菲律宾裔美国人，就撒谎对别人说自己是菲律宾人，由此可知，“Filipina-American”这两个词给作者带来了困惑。故选B项。
【47 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我陷入两种文化之间，但我完全被美国化了，出生在得克萨斯州，在田纳西州长大，但仍然受到菲律宾家庭价值观和传统的影响。A. set设置；B. found发现；C. caught抓住；D. pushed推动。根据句中“I am completely Americanized”和“still grasped under the values and _____ of a Filipino family”可知，作者完全被美国化了，但又受到菲律宾家庭价值观的影响，由此可知，作者陷入两种文化之间，“be caught in”意为“陷入……”，能够描述作者的处境。故选C项。
【48 题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然我陷入两种文化之间，但我完全被美国化了，出生在得克萨斯州，在田纳西州长大，但仍然受到菲律宾家庭价值观和传统的影响。A. but但是；B. and和；C. or或者；D. so所以。根据句意可知，句中“born in Texas, raised in Tennessee”和“still grasped under the values and _____ of a Filipino family”之间为转折关系，虽然出生在得克萨斯州，在田纳西州长大，但仍然受到菲律宾家庭价值观的影响。故选A项。
【49 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我陷入两种文化之间，但我完全被美国化了，出生在得克萨斯州，在田纳西州长大，但仍然受到菲律宾家庭价值观和传统的影响。A. fortune财富；B. honor荣誉；C. concerns关心；D. traditions传统。根据文章最后一段中“my interest in boys as a 16-year old girl are…”可知，作为一个16岁的女孩，我对男孩的兴趣是被禁止的，由此可知，我受到了菲律宾传统的影响。故选D项。
【50 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我父亲正在学习成为一名医生，希望能够抓住这个机遇，进入有前途的新世界。A. shocking令人震惊的；B. thrilling令人兴奋的；C. leading主要的；D. promising有前途的。根据句中“My father was studying to become a doctor”可知，父亲正在学习成为一名医生，由此可知，因为成为医生会带父亲进入有前途的新世界，所以他才会努力学习。故选D项。
【51 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的母亲：一位年轻的妻子，在小学到大学期间，她在修女的指导下，在天主教学校接受了严格的教育。A. directly直接地；B. illegally非法地；C. strictly严格地；D. naturally自然地。根据句中“in a Catholic school”和下文“my interest in boys as a 16-year old girl are…”可知，母亲是在天主教学校学习，下文又提到在我们家，作为一个16岁的女孩，我对男孩的兴趣是被禁止的，由此可知，我们的家教很严，母亲在天主教学校接受了严格的教育，文章最后一段“strict upbringing of my mother”中的“strict”也呼应了这一选项。故选C项。
【52 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的母亲：一位年轻的妻子，在小学到大学期间，她在修女的指导下，在天主教学校接受了严格的教育。A. guidance指导；B. service服务；C. direction方向；D. attention注意。根据句中“in a Catholic school”和“nuns”可知，母亲是在天主教学校学习，结合生活常识可知，应该是在修女的指导下，“under the guidance of sb.”意为“在某人的指导下”。故选A项。
【53 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着我的成长和交朋友，我看到他们和他们母亲之间的互动与我和我母亲之间的互动完全不同。A. slightly轻微地；B. completely完全地；C. generally一般地；D. mainly主要地。根据后文“I would get _____ of “disrespect” because of the language I talked with my mother”可知，我会因为和母亲说话的语言而被指责为“不尊重”，但我的朋友们都是这样和母亲说话的，由此可知，我的朋友和他们母亲之间的互动与我和我母亲之间的互动完全不同。故选B项。
【54 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时，我会被指责为“不尊重”，因为我和母亲说话的语言，我从来都不明白这是为什么，因为我看到我的朋友也这么做，用同样的方式说话。A. informed通知；B. reminded提醒；C. accused指责；D. ashamed羞愧的。根据句中“disrespect”可知，母亲认为我说话的语言“不尊重”，由此可知，我是受到了母亲的指责。故选C项。
【55 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时，我会被指责为“不尊重”，因为我和母亲说话的语言，我从来都不明白这是为什么，因为我看到我的朋友也这么做，用同样的方式说话。A. knew知道；B. stopped停止；C. understood理解；D. ignored忽视。根据句中“I saw my friends do the same and speak in the same _____”可知，我看到我的朋友也这么做，用同样的方式说话，但没有受到责备，由此可知，我不理解为什么母亲指责我的语言“不尊重”。故选C项。
【56 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，我会被指责为“不尊重”，因为我和母亲说话的语言，我从来都不明白这是为什么，因为我看到我的朋友也这么做，用同样的方式说话。A. manner方式；B. sense感觉；C. position位置；D. condition条件。根据上文“I saw the interaction between them and their mothers to be _____ different from the one with mine”可知，我的朋友和他们母亲之间的互动与我和我母亲之间的互动完全不同，这里指的是说话的方式不同，由此可知，句中指我看到我的朋友用同样的方式说话，但并没有受到指责。故选A项。
【57 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的自由主义政治信仰是不能被容忍的，因为我母亲的严格教育，我16岁时对男孩的兴趣是被禁止的，成为一名医生是你改变现状的唯一途径。A. charged收（费）；B. tolerate容忍；C. observed观察；D. avoided避免。根据上文“I would get _____ of “disrespect” because of the language I talked with my mother”可知，我像其他美国孩子和母亲说话的方式一样和我的母亲说话，但会被指责为“不尊重”，由此可知，我的自由主义政治信仰是不能被母亲容忍的。故选B项。
【58 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的自由主义政治信仰是不能被容忍的，因为我母亲的严格教育，我16岁时对男孩的兴趣是被禁止的，成为一名医生是你改变现状的唯一途径。A. encouraged鼓励；B. prohibited禁止；C. reported报道；D. predicted预测。根据句中“strict upbringing of my mother”可知，母亲对我的教育很严格，我的自由主义政治信仰是不能被容忍的，由此可知，我16岁时对男孩的兴趣是被禁止的。故选B项。
【59 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的自由主义政治信仰是不能被容忍的，因为我母亲的严格教育，我16岁时对男孩的兴趣是被禁止的，成为一名医生是你改变现状的唯一途径。A. student学生；B. educator教育学家；C. officer官员；D. doctor医生。根据上文“My father was studying to become a doctor, hopeful about the opportunities of a _____ new world”可知，我的父亲想成为一名医生，因为他认为医生是有前途的，由此可知，母亲认为成为一名医生是我改变现状的唯一途径。故选D项。
【60 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，并不是所有的菲律宾人父母都是这样，但这肯定不是我从美国学到的。A. benefited使受益；B. suffered遭受；C. heard听见；D. learned学到。根据上文内容可知，我的美国朋友和家人说话的方式与我不同，他们更加自由，由此可知，我在家里经历的规则不是我从美国学到的，而是受到菲律宾家庭价值观和传统的影响。故选D项。

6． （2022·浙江·安吉县高级中学模拟预测）
Sitting in the classroom, I felt confused.
Our teacher pointed at the blackboard and gave us instructions. Looking around, I watched as my classmates ___81___ their heads and started writing. A wave of ___82___ washed over me-I couldn’t read the board, for I couldn’t see clearly. It didn’t ___83___ at primary school because my teachers always read aloud what they were writing. But now, I was expected to read by myself.
Mum took me to a(n) ___84___. I was diagnosed with a terrible sight problem. I was ___85___ blind.
However, despite all the difficulties, I’d amazingly ___86___ to reach the age of 13! As a kid living on a farm, I was always falling over objects. I could only ___87___ the outlines of things and contrasts between different shades. I was given reading ___88___ but they didn’t help much.
___89___ to let my diagnosis hold me back, I continued doing everything I loved, including milking the cows. Over the years, I’ve ____90____ lovely family holidays, but sometimes felt like my families were being too ____91____ to me. So I was thrilled when I heard about a travel company that takes those who are blind or have poor ____92____   Aussie adventures without families’ company. ____93____, I booked myself onto a trip to the ____94____. It was amazing to appreciate places, such as the beach and seaside theme parks, with ____95____ who were just like me. And the incredible guides were great at ____96____ us through all the way while making sure we had a fun and ____97____ time. Since then, I’ve travelled with them a lot. While we can’t see the sights like others, our ____98____ take us to awesome places. I don’t want people to feel sorry for me. I’m so lucky to have a wonderful family and lots of ____99____.
Life is ____100____-you don’t need vision to “see” that.
81．A．raised B．lowered C．turned D．shook
82．A．regret B．passion C．panic D．courage
83．A．relate B．change C．happen D．matter
84．A．doctor B．teacher C．engineer D．architect
85．A．entirely B．frequently C．hopefully D．nearly
86．A．managed B．decided C．expected D．preferred
87．A．bring out B．turn out C．make out D．work out
88．A．classes B．glasses C．apps D．skills
89．A．Anxious B．Delighted C．Sorry D．Unwilling
90．A．launched B．enjoyed C．organized D．avoided
91．A．generous B．tolerant C．protective D．trustworthy
92．A．vision B．intelligence C．confidence D．pay
93．A．Puzzled B．Confused C．Touched D．Excited
94．A．downtown B．coast C．village D．countryside
95．A．classmates B．colleagues C．tourists D．families
96．A．supporting B．lecturing C．pushing D．persuading
97．A．easy B．short C．simple D．safe
98．A．education B．wisdom C．imagination D．confidence
99．A．adventures B．lessons C．actions D．experiments
100．A．peaceful B．precious C．plain D．permanent
【答案】

81．B
82．C
83．D
84．A
85．D
86．A
87．C
88．B
89．D
90．B
91．C
92．A
93．D
94．B
95．C
96．A
97．D
98．C
99．A
100．B

【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者在上学期间得了非常严重的眼病，导致几乎看不见东西。但是作者并没有让困难打倒，依然去做喜欢的事情，和像他一样的人们去旅行，感受生命的意义。
【81 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：环顾四周，我看到同学们低下头开始写作。A. raised 举起；B. lowered 降低；C. turned 转动；D. shook摇晃。根据下文“ started writing”可知，上课的时候同学们低下头开始写。故选B。
【82 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一阵恐慌席卷了我——我看不清黑板，因为我看不清楚。A. regret遗憾；B. passion激情；C. panic 恐慌；D. courage勇气。根据下文“I couldn't read the board, for I couldn't see clearly. ”可知，因为我看不清楚了，我不能看清黑板了，所以我感到一阵恐慌。故选C。
【83 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这在小学并不重要，因为我的老师总是大声朗读他们写的东西。A. relate 联系；B. change 变化；C. happen 发生；D. matter重要。根据下文“because my teachers always read aloud what they were writing.”可知，在小学时，老师会大声读出我们正在写的东西，所以看不看黑板并不重要。故选D。
【84 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：妈妈带我去看医生。A. doctor 医生；B. teacher 老师；C. engineer工程师；D. architect 建筑师。根据下文“I was diagnosed with a terrible sight problem. ”可知我去看了医生，被诊断出严重的视力问题。故选A。
【85 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我几乎失明了。 A. entirely 完全地；B. frequently 频繁地；C. hopefully 有希望地；D. nearly 几乎。根据上文“I was diagnosed with a terrible sight problem. ”可知，我被诊断出严重的视力问题，我几乎失明了。故选D。
【86 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，尽管困难重重，我还是奇迹般地到了13岁！ A. managed管理；B. decided 决定；C. expected 期望；D. preferred 更喜欢。根据上文“However, despite all the difficulties”可知，尽管有很多的困难，但是我还是奇迹的长到了13岁。manage to do sth. “设法做成某事”。故选A。
【87 题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我只能分辨出事物的轮廓和不同色调之间的对比。A. bring out拿出；B. turn out 结果是；C. make out 辨认出；D. work out锻炼，想出。根据上文“As a kid living on a farm, I was always falling over objects. ”可知，我看不清，会被东西绊倒，由此推知只能分辨出事务的轮廓。故选C。
【88 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有人给了我一副阅读眼镜，但没有多大帮助。A. classes 课程；B. glasses眼镜；C. apps 应用程序； D. skills 技能。根据语境可知，我看不清楚东西，所以有人给了我眼镜帮助阅读。故选B。
【89 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不愿意让我的诊断阻碍我，我继续做我喜欢的一切，包括挤奶。A. Anxious 焦虑的；B. Delighted 高兴的；C. Sorry 抱歉的；D. Unwilling 不愿意的。根据下文“I continued doing everything I loved, including milking the cows.”可知，我不愿意身体上的障碍阻碍，我依然做我喜欢的一切。故选D。
【90 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直享受着美好的家庭假期，但有时我觉得我的家人对我过于保护。A. launched 发射；B. enjoyed 享受；C. organized 组织；D. avoided 避免。根据上文“I continued doing everything I loved, including milking the cows.”可知，我做我喜欢做的事情，几年来，我一直享受着家庭假期。故选B。
【91 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直享受着美好的家庭假期，但有时我觉得我的家人对我过于保护。A. generous 感慨的； B. tolerant 宽容的；C. protective 保护的；D. trustworthy 值得信赖的。根据语境可知，我的眼睛看不清楚，所以我的家人会更加保护我。故选C。
【92 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，当我听说一家旅游公司在没有家人陪伴的情况下带着盲人或视力差的澳大利亚人冒险时，我非常激动。A. vision 视力；B. intelligence 智力；C. confidence 自信；D. pay 支付。根据上文“who are blind”可知，这家旅游公司带着盲人或视力差的人去旅行。故选A。
【93 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我兴奋地预订了去海边的旅行。A. Puzzled迷惑的；B. Confused困惑的；C. Touched 感动的；D. Excited 兴奋的。根据上文“So I was thrilled ”可知，当听说一家旅游公司在没有家人陪伴的情况下带着盲人或视力差的澳大利亚人冒险时，我非常激动。所以我报名旅游的心情是激动的。故选D。
【94 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我兴奋地预订了去海边的旅行。A. downtown 市区；B. coast 海岸；C. village 村庄；D. countryside 乡下。根据下文“such as the beach and seaside theme parks”可知，我去了预定了去海边的旅行。故选B。
【95 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：和像我一样的游客一起去欣赏海滩和海滨主题公园这样的地方真是太棒了。A. classmates 同学；B. colleagues 同事；C. tourists 游客；D. families 家庭。根据上文可知，我是报名了旅行团，所以是和像我一样看不见东西的游客一起。故选C。
【96 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些令人难以置信的导游在全程支持我们的同时，也确保了我们度过了一段快乐而安全的时光。A. supporting 支持；B. lecturing 讲座；C. pushing 推动；D. persuading 劝说。根据常识和下文“through all the way”可知，导游们一路上都帮助我们，也很好的支持我们。故选A。
【97 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些令人难以置信的导游在全程支持我们的同时，也确保了我们度过了一段快乐而安全的时光。A. easy 简单的；B. short 短的；C. simple 简单的；D. safe 安全的。根据常识可知，我们看不见，所以导游们既要我们玩的高兴，又要确保我们安全。故选D。
【98 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们不能像其他人一样看到风景，但我们的想象力将我们带到了很棒的地方。A. education 教育；B. wisdom 智慧；C. imagination想象力；D. confidence 自信心。根据上文“While we can’t see the sights like others”可知，我们虽然看不见，但是我们有非常棒的想象力。故选C。
【99 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很幸运有一个美好的家庭和很多冒险。A. adventures 冒险；B. lessons 课程；C. actions 行动；D. experiments 实验。根据语境可知，我遇到了能让我这样看不清的人的去旅行的旅行团，所以我很幸运，我有很多的旅行和冒险。故选A。
【100 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生活是宝贵的，你不需要用眼睛去“看到”它。A. peaceful 和平的；B. precious 珍贵的；C. plain 平的；D. permanent 永久的。根据文章内容可知，虽然我看不见，但是我依然热爱生活，认为生活是珍贵的。故选B。

7． （2022·天津滨海新·模拟预测）
British Cycling had recently hired Dave Brailsford as its new director. At the time, professional cyclists in Great Britain had ____101____ nearly one hundred years of mediocrity(平庸). In fact, their____102____   had been so poor that one of the top bike companies in Europe ____103____ to sell bikes to the team because they were afraid that it would hurt sales if other professionals saw the British people using their bikes.
What made Brailsford different from previous coaches was his____104____ of searching for a tiny improvement in everything they do. The whole principle came from the idea that if you____105____   everything you could think of that goes into riding a bike, improve it by 1 percent and you will get a____106____ increase when you put them all together.
Brailsford and his coaches began by making small____107____. They redesigned the bike seats to make them more____108____. They asked riders to wear electrically heated over-shorts to ____109____ ideal muscle temperature while riding and used biofeedback sensors to ____110____how each athlete responded to a particular workout.
But they didn’t stop there.They____111____ to find 1 percent improvements in overlooked areas. They hired a(n)____112____ to teach each rider the best way to wash their hands to reduce the ____113____ of catching a cold. They even painted the ____114____ of the team truck white, which helped them ____115____little bits of dust that would normally slip by ____116____ but could affect the performance of the____117____tuned bikes.
As these and hundreds of other small improvements were ____118____, the results came faster than anyone could have ____119____. Just five years after Brailsford took over, they____120____ the road and track cycling events in all the important Games.
101．A．lost B．enjoyed C．showed D．suffered
102．A．score B．track C．performance D．model
103．A．failed B．refused C．expected D．pretended
104．A．promise B．opinion C．dream D．philosophy
105．A．broke down B．took down C．put up D．gave away
106．A．flexible B．temporary C．significant D．random
107．A．differences B．adjustments C．programs D．efforts
108．A．attractive B．empty C．soft D．comfortable
109．A．maintain B．raise C．reduce D．discover
110．A．change B．monitor C．manage D．produce
111．A．continued B．happened C．learned D．bothered
112．A．coach B．secretary C．assistant D．surgeon
113．A．sessions B．chances C．records D．reactions
114．A．tyres B．roof C．inside D．seats
115．A．gather B．recognize C．spot D．send
116．A．surrounded B．unnoticed C．removed D．discovered
117．A．finely B．initially C．slightly D．positively
118．A．took off B．picked up C．built up D．got off
119．A．achieved B．remembered C．mentioned D．imagined
120．A．dominated B．witnessed C．celebrated D．attended
【答案】

101．D
102．C
103．B
104．D
105．A
106．C
107．B
108．D
109．A
110．B
111．A
112．D
113．B
114．C
115．C
116．B
117．A
118．C
119．D
120．A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国的自行车赛车队雇佣了Brailsford主管。该主管以一点点进步与改善为人生信条，在各方面不断改进，使得该车队在五年时间里，在重要的赛事中有了自己的一席之地。
【101 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时，英国的职业自行车手遭受了近百年的平庸。A. lost失去；B. enjoyed喜爱；C. showed展示；D. suffered遭受。通过下文“nearly one hundred years of mediocrity”以及“they were afraid that it would hurt sales if other professionals saw the Brits using their bikes”可推知，此处指英国的职业自行车手被人看不起，遭受了近百年的平庸。故选D。
【102 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他们的表现一直很差，以至于欧洲一家顶级自行车公司拒绝向车队出售自行车，因为他们担心，如果其他专业人士看到英国人在使用他们的自行车，会影响销售。A. score分数；B. track踪迹；C. performance表现；D. model模型。通过下文“had been so poor”以及“they were afraid that it would hurt sales if other professionals saw the Brits using their bikes”可推知，此处指英国的职业自行车手的表现很差。故选C。
【103 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：句意：事实上，他们的表现一直很差，以至于欧洲一家顶级自行车公司拒绝向车队出售自行车，因为他们担心，如果其他专业人士看到英国人在使用他们的自行车，会影响销售。A. failed失败；B. refused拒绝；C. expected预期；D. pretended假装。通过下文“they were afraid that it would hurt sales”可推知，此处指自行车公司拒绝向车队出售自行车，因为他们担心会影响销售。故选B。
【104 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：与之前的教练不同，Brailsford的人生观是在他们所做的每一件事上都寻求微小的改进。A. promise诺言；B. opinion观点；C. dream梦想；D. philosophy人生观。通过下文“of searching for a tiny improvement in everything they do”可推知，此处指Brailsford的人生观与之前的教练不同。故选D。
【105 题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：整个原则来自于这样一个想法，如果你把你能想到的骑自行车的所有东西分解，提高1%，当你把它们放在一起时，你会得到显著的提高。A. broke down分解；B. took down取下；C. put up建造；D. gave away赠送。通过下文“when you put them all together”可推知，此处指分解各个领域并不断改进，再放在一起。故选A。
【106 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：整个原则来自于这样一个想法，如果你把你能想到的骑自行车的所有东西分解，提高1%，当你把它们放在一起时，你会得到显著的提高。A. flexible灵活的；B. temporary暂时的；C. significant显著的；D. random随意的。通过上文“if you broke down everything you could think of that goes into riding a bike, improve it by 1 percent and you will get”以及下文“increase”可推知，此处指分解各个领域并逐一提升，最后可以得到显著的提高。故选C。
【107 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Brailsford和他的教练们从一些小的调整开始。A. differences差异；B. adjustments调整；C. programs程序；D. efforts努力。通过下文“They redesigned the bike seats”以及“asked riders to wear electrically heated over-shorts”可推知，此处指Brailsford和他的教练们做了一些小的调整。故选B。
【108 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们重新设计了自行车座椅，使其更舒适。A. attractive吸引人的；B. empty空的；C. soft柔软的；D. comfortable舒适的。通过上文“redesigned the bike seats to make them more”可推知，此处指Brailsford和教练们重新设计了自行车车座，使其更舒适。故选D。
【109 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们要求骑手在骑行时穿上电热短裤以保持理想的肌肉温度，并使用生物反馈传感器监测每位运动员对特定训练的反应。A. maintain保持；B. raise提升；C. reduce减少；D. discover发现。通过上文“to wear electrically heated over-shorts”以及下文“ideal muscle temperature”可推知，此处指Brailsford和教练们要求骑手穿上电热短裤以保持理想的肌肉温度。故选A。
【110 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们要求骑手在骑行时穿上电热短裤以保持理想的肌肉温度，并使用生物反馈传感器监测每位运动员对特定训练的反应。A. change改变；B. monitor监控；C. manage管理；D. produce生产。通过上文“used biofeedback sensors”以及下文“how each athlete responded to a particular workout”可推知，此处指使用生物反馈传感器监测运动员的反应。故选B。
【111 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他们并没有就此止步，他们继续在被忽视的地方找出1%的改善。A. continued继续；B. happened发生；C. learned学习；D. bothered打扰。通过上文“But they didn’t stop there”以及下文“to find 1 percent improvements”可推知，此处指Brailsford和教练们并没有就此止步，而是继续寻找改善。故选A。
【112 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们聘请了一名外科医生来教每位骑手洗手的最佳方法，以降低患感冒的可能性。A. coach教练；B. secretary秘书；C. assistant助理；D. surgeon外科医生。通过下文“teach each rider the best way to wash their hands”以及“catching a cold”可推知，此处指Brailsford和教练们为车队请了一个医生教骑手洗手，来预防感冒。故选D。
【113 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们聘请了一名外科医生来教每位骑手洗手的最佳方法，以降低患感冒的可能性。A. sessions会议；B. chances可能性；C. records记录；D. reactions反应。通过下文“the best way to wash their hands to reduce”以及“catching a cold”可推知，教骑手洗手的最佳方法是为了降低患感冒的可能性。故选B。
【114 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至把车队卡车的内部漆成白色，这有助于他们发现一些灰尘，这些通常会不被注意到的灰尘，它可能会影响到这些经过精确调校的自行车的性能。A. tyres轮胎；B. roof顶部；C. inside里面；D. seats座位。通过下文“affect the performance of the ___17___ tuned bikes”可推知，将卡车漆成白色是为了尽可能不影响到调校的自行车的性能，自行车应在卡车里面，所以被漆成白色的应该是卡车的内部。故选C。
【115 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至把车队卡车的内部漆成白色，这有助于他们发现一些通常会不被注意到的灰尘，它可能会影响到这些经过精确调校的自行车的性能。A. gather聚集；B. recognize认出；C. spot发现；D. send邮寄。通过上文“helped them”以及下文“little bits of dust”可推知，此处指把卡车的内部漆成白色有助于发现一些灰尘。故选C。
【116 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至把车队卡车的内部漆成白色，这有助于他们发现一些通常会不被注意到的灰尘，它可能会影响到这些经过精确调校的自行车的性能。A. surrounded被……环绕着的；B. unnoticed未被注意到的；C. removed移除的；D. discovered被发现的。通过上文“little bits of dust that would normally slip”以及下文“but could affect the performance”可推知，此处指灰尘经常不被注意到，但是它会产生影响。故选B。
【117 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至把车队卡车的内部漆成白色，这有助于他们发现一些通常会不被注意到的灰尘，它可能会影响到这些经过精确调校的自行车的性能。A. finely精确地；B. initially最初地；C. slightly轻微地；D. positively肯定地。结合语境，再通过下文“tuned bikes”可推知，此处指车队的自行车经过精确地调校，所以细小的灰尘也会使其受到影响。故选A。
【118 题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些和其他数以百计的小改进累积起来，效果出现的比任何人想象的都要快。A. took off脱下；B. picked up拾起；C. built up累积；D. got off下车。通过上文“As these and hundreds of other small improvement”以及下文“the results came faster”可推知，此处指许多的小的改进累积起来，见效很快。故选C。
【119 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些和其他数以百计的小改进累积起来，效果出现的比任何人想象的都要快。A. achieved达到；B. remembered记得；C. mentioned提到；D. imagined想象。通过上文“the results came faster than anyone could have”可推知，此处指许多的小的改进累积起来，效果比任何人想象的都要好，结果出现的比任何人想象的都要快。故选D。
【120 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在Brailsford接管后仅仅5年，他们就在所有重要赛事的公路和场地自行车项目中占据了主要地位。A. dominated在……中占主要地位；B. witnessed见证；C. celebrated庆祝；D. attended参加。通过上文“the results came faster than anyone could have imagined”以及下文“the road and track cycling events in all the important Games”可推知，此处指Brailsford接管车队仅仅五年，他注重细节的做法就让车队在所有重要赛事的公路和场地自行车项目中占据了主要地位。故选A。

8． （2022·辽宁·一模）

My single mother used to take on several jobs to make ends meet. When I was fifteen, she started her own business, and things began to get easier ____1____.
A new family moved into our ____2____. The children became my friends soon, and my mom came to ____3____ the wife, Melissa. One afternoon, they were generous enough to include me in their ____4____. Their little daughter ____5____ a glass of milk. Melissa stated, "We have no money for milk this week. "She suddenly realized I was present and explained with a(n) ____6____ look, "Money has been really ____7____. "
Later, I told my mom about the ____8____ Melissa was experiencing. In ____9____ she immediately opened the cupboard doors and started pulling out food.
Then we made our way to their door, and ____10____ eagerly. Opening the door, they were surprised by our ____11____. Handing them the items, Mom said, "We just want to help out. "Melissa then grasped Mom in a big hug and started to cry. Tears began to roll down my mother's face when she ____12____ her friend, understanding how difficult it can be to ____13____ to provide for a family.
Looking at my mother, I felt ____14____ to be her daughter! She had worked so hard to pay for the groceries, but she didn't ____15____ to give help to those in need.
1．A．secretly B．skillfully C．successfully D．financially
2．A．garden B．neighborhood C．house D．office
3．A．serve B．observe C．instruct D．know
4．A．journey B．party C．meal D．celebration
5．A．consumed B．requested C．poured D．heated
6．A．defeated B．relaxed C．excited D．surprised
7．A．tight B．enough C．important D．precious
8．A．relief B．failure C．difficulty D．quarrel
9．A．trouble B．response C．action D．addition
10．A．waited B．expected C．wandered D．knocked
11．A．contact B．visit C．encouragement D．purchase
12．A．stared at B．came across C．held onto D．stood by
13．A．struggle B．deserve C．promise D．intend
14．A．annoyed B．embarrassed C．proud D．confident
15．A．hesitate B．choose C．attempt D．pretend
【答案】
1．D
2．B
3．D
4．C
5．B
6．A
7．A
8．C
9．B
10．D
11．B
12．C
13．A
14．C
15．A

【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的妈妈在自己生活也不是很容易的情况下, 毫不犹豫地选择了帮助邻居的故事, 作者为有这样一位妈妈感到自豪。
【1 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意∶当我15 岁时, 她开始自已做生意, 经济上的困难开始减轻。A. secretly秘密地; B. skillfully巧妙地; C. successfully成功地; D. financially财务上地。根据上文“My single mother used to take on several jobs just to make ends meet. (我的单身母亲曾经做过好几份工作, 只是为了维持生计。)”可知, 作者之前家境不是很好, 但根据下文“she started her own business, and things began to get easier(她开始了自己的事业, 事情开始变得容易起来)”可知, 妈妈做生意后经济条件得到改善。故选 D项。
【2 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意∶一个新的家庭搬进了我们的街区。A. garden花园; B. neighborhood街区; C. house房子; D. office办公室。根据句中“moved into(移入;迁入新居)”和下文我们两家成为朋友可推知, 这个新家庭是搬入了我们的街区。故选 B项。
【3 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意∶孩子们很快就成了我的朋友 , 同时我妈妈也认识了妻子 Melissa。A. serve服务; B. observe观察; C. instruct指导; D. know认识。作者与邻居孩子们成了朋友, 同时作者的妈妈也认识了他们的妈妈。come to know 意为“开始了解”，动词短语。故选 D项。
【4 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意∶一天下午, 他们很慷慨地邀请我一起吃饭。A. journey旅行; B. party 聚会; C. meal一餐; D. celebration庆祝。根据下文“Their little daughter ...a glass of milk. Melissa stated, "We have no money for milk this week."”可知, 作者与他们一起吃饭。故选C项。
【5 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意∶他们 10 岁的女儿要一杯牛奶。A. consumed消费; B. requested要求; C. poured倒; D. heated加热。根据下文Melissa的话“Melissa stated, "We have no money for milk this week.”可推知, 她女儿是在向她要牛奶。故选 B项。
【6 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意∶她突然意识到我在场, 便带着受挫的神色解释说∶钱一直不宽裕。A. defeated受挫的; B. relaxed 放松的; C. excited兴奋的; D. surprised惊讶的。上文邻居妈妈说“We have no money for milk this week. (我们这星期没钱买牛奶了)” 可知，这样的窘况被作者知道了, 作为大人, 这让她很尴尬, 有挫败感。故选 A项。
【7 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. tight拮据的, 不宽裕的; B. enough足够的; C. important重要的; D. precious宝贵的。根据上文“We have no money for milk this week. (我们这星期没钱买牛奶了)”可知, 邻居家已经买不起牛奶, 说明经济条件不好, tight 表示“拮据的, 不宽裕的”。故选A项。
【8 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意∶后来, 我把梅丽莎所经历的困难告诉了妈妈。A. relief减轻; B. failure失败; C. difficulty困难; D. quarrel争吵。根据上文可知, 梅丽莎家里已经买不起牛奶, 所以作者告诉妈妈的是她们家里遇到的困难。故选C项。
【9 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意∶作为回应, 她立即打开橱柜门, 开始取出食物。A. trouble麻烦; B. response回复; C. action行动; D. addition增加。根据下文“she immediately opened the cupboard doors and started pulling out food. (她立即打开橱柜门, 开始拿出食物)”作者的妈妈的做法可知, 这是作者的妈妈听到邻居有困难时做出的回 应。故选 B项。
【10 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意∶然后我们走到他们家门口, 急切地敲门。A. waited等待; B. expected期待; C. wandered好奇; D. knocked敲。根据下文“Opening the door(他们开门)”可知, 作者和妈妈到门口后敲了门。故选 D项。
【11 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意∶当他们开门时, 他们对我们的来访感到惊讶。A. contact联系; B. visit访问; C. encouragement鼓励; D. purchase购买。作者和妈妈突然出现在家门, 邻居对他们的到访感到惊讶。故选 B项。
【12 题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意∶母亲抱着她的朋友, 眼泪从她的脸上滚落下来, 她明白努 力养活一个家庭是多么困难。A. stared at凝视; B. came across遇到; C. held onto紧紧抓住; D. stood by支持。根据上文“Melissa then grasped Mom in a big hug and started to cry. (然后, 梅丽莎紧紧抱住妈妈, 哭了起来)”可知, 梅丽莎抱着作者妈妈哭, 所以作者的妈妈也是紧紧抱着梅丽莎的。故选C项。
【13 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. struggle奋斗, 努力; B. deserve值得; C. promise承诺; D. intend计划。根据作者妈妈自己曾经的经历和句中“how difficult it can be（它有多难)”可知, 作者的妈妈理解梅丽莎为养家而作出的努力有多么的艰难。故选A项。
【14 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意∶看着妈妈, 我为自已是她的女儿而感到骄傲。A. annoyed恼怒的; B. embarrassed尴尬的; C. proud自豪的; D. confident自信的。虽然自己也很辛苦, 但仍然慷慨助人, 有这样善良的妈妈, 作者是感到骄傲与自豪的。故选C项。
【15 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意∶为了购买生活用品, 她辛苦工作, 但她毫不犹豫 地 对那些需 要 帮 助的 人给予帮 助。A. hesitate犹豫; B. choose选择; C. attempt企图; D. pretend假装。根据第三段“she immediately opened the cupboard doors and started pulling out food. (她立即打开橱柜门, 开始拿出食物。)”可行, 作者的妈妈在帮助别人这件事上毫不犹豫。故选 A项。

9． （2022·广东肇庆·三模）
Standing in the store, I looked at the painting supplies excitedly.
“Are you sure these are what you want for your birthday?” my husband asked ____16____.
“I’m very sure. I really want to give it a ____17____,” I replied. I was smiling with ____18____. He looked at me hesitantly and ____19____ his head.
____20____, this was a secret I’d kept for a while. Every day, my husband went to work. I’d look after my son, clean the house and prepare dinner. It had been a decade since I took any time to pursue my own ____21____. I had become a drudge (苦工). I wanted excitement and creative expression, but mostly I wanted colors. So I ____22____ the most interesting supplies.
“I have a feeling that you’re going to put all these in a toolbox and never ____23____ them again,” my husband said.
For the first month, he was ____24____. I put the supplies into a toolbox. I admired them every day, but I couldn’t seem to find the time to start painting. I found one reason or another not to _____25_____.
One day, when my son caught me _____26_____ the toolbox again, he asked curiously, “Mommy, when are you going to _____27_____?”
“No _____28_____ day than today,” I announced and brought out all the materials.
From then on, my house seemed to never be perfectly clean, but my life was full of _____29_____. Most importantly, I no longer felt like a drudge. I had a new _____30_____.
16．A．pleasantly B．anxiously C．awkwardly D．doubtfully
17．A．break B．go C．miss D．look
18．A．expectation B．shame C．agreement D．pride
19．A．covered B．bowed C．hit D．shook
20．A．Luckily B．Generally C．Frankly D．Strangely
21．A．rights B．hobbies C．education D．position
22．A．selected B．admired C．created D．collected
23．A．buy B．like C．touch D．fix
24．A．tolerant B．wise C．supportive D．correct
25．A．fear B．start C．refuse D．dream
26．A．working at B．looking for C．staring at D．paying for
27．A．quit B．remember C．succeed D．paint
28．A．busier B．better C．tougher D．bigger
29．A．sufferings B．achievements C．colors D．chances
30．A．purpose B．memory C．occupation D．challenge
【答案】

16．D
17．B
18．A
19．D
20．C
21．B
22．A
23．C
24．D
25．B
26．C
27．D
28．B
29．C
30．A

【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者改变不满意的生活状态，大胆追求自己的爱好的故事。
【16 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：“你确定这些是你生日想要的东西吗？”我丈夫怀疑地问道。A. pleasantly愉快地；B. anxiously焦急地；C. awkwardly笨拙地；D. doubtfully怀疑地。根据下文“He looked at me hesitantly”中的“hesitantly”可知，丈夫犹豫地看着我，由此可知，他怀疑我是否真的想要这些绘画用品。故选D项。
【17 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我很确定。我真的很想试一试，”我回答。A. break休息；B. go尝试；C. miss未击中，错过；D. look表情。根据下文“I wanted excitement and creative expression, but mostly I wanted colors.”可知，作者想尝试改变自己的生活方式，想为枯燥的生活添加色彩，由此可知，她是想试一试绘画，“give it a go”意为“试一试”。故选B项。
【18 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我满怀期待地微笑着。A. expectation期待；B. shame羞愧；C. agreement协议，同意；D. pride骄傲。根据下文“I wanted excitement and creative expression, but mostly I wanted colors.”可知，作者想尝试改变自己的生活方式，想为枯燥的生活添加色彩，由此可知，她对绘画给生活带来的改变充满期待。故选A项。
【19 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他犹豫地看着我，摇了摇头。A. covered覆盖；B. bowed鞠躬；C. hit打，击；D. shook摇动。根据下文“I have a feeling that you’re going to put all these in a toolbox and never __8_ them again”可知，丈夫认为我只是一时冲动，过一段时间，就不会再对这些绘画用品感兴趣了，由此可知，丈夫不太看好作者的决定，所以摇了摇头。故选D项。
【20 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：坦白说，这是我保守了一段时间的秘密。A. Luckily幸运的是；B. Generally通常，普遍地；C. Frankly坦白地说；D. Strangely奇怪地。根据句中“secret”可知，作者在坦白自己做这个重大决定的原因，“Frankly”意为“坦白地说”，符合语境。故选C项。
【21 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经十年没有花时间追求自己的爱好了。A. rights权力；B. hobbies爱好；C. education教育；D. position位置。根据上文“Every day, my husband went to work. I’d look after my son, clean the house and prepare dinner.”可知，作者一直忙着照顾家庭，由此可知，她一直没有时间追求自己的爱好，所以才想尝试绘画。故选B项。
【22 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想要刺激和创造性的表达，但我最想要的是颜色。所以我选择了最有趣的用品。A. selected选择；B. admired钦佩；C. created创造；D. collected收集。根据上文内容可知，作者想要绘画用品作为生日礼物，由此可知，她选择了这些最有趣的用品。故选A项。
【23 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我有一种感觉，你会把所有这些东西都放在工具箱里，再也不会碰它们了，”我丈夫说。A. buy买；B. like喜欢；C. touch触摸，触碰；D. fix修理。根据句中“you’re going to put all these in a toolbox”可知，作者的丈夫认为作者对绘画的喜爱不会持续很久，过一段时间，她就会把所有东西都放在工具箱里，再也不会碰它们了。故选C项。
【24 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第一个月，他是对的。A. tolerant宽容的；B. wise明智的；C. supportive支持的；D. correct对的，正确的。根据下文“I put the supplies into a toolbox.”可知，第一个月作者确实把绘画用品放进了工具箱里，由此可知，第一个月，丈夫之前的推断是对的。故选D项。
【25 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我找到了一个或另一个不开始的理由。A. fear害怕；B. start开始；C. refuse拒绝；D. dream做梦。根据上文“I couldn’t seem to find the time to start painting”可知，作者似乎找不到时间开始画画，由此可知，她给自己找到了一个或另一个不开始画画的理由。故选B项。
【26 题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一天，我儿子发现我又盯着工具箱看，他好奇地问：“妈妈，你什么时候开始画画？”A. working at从事于；B. looking for寻找；C. staring at盯着看；D. paying for支付，为……付钱。根据上文“I admired them every day, but I couldn’t seem to find the time to start painting.”可知，作者每天都欣赏着绘画工具，但没有真正开始画画，由此可知，她是盯着工具箱看。故选C项。
【27 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，我儿子发现我又盯着工具箱看，他好奇地问：“妈妈，你什么时候开始画画？”A. quit停止；B. remember记得；C. succeed成功；D. paint画。根据上文“I admired them every day, but I couldn’t seem to find the time to start painting.”可知，作者每天都欣赏着绘画工具，但没有真正开始画画，由此可知，儿子应该是问她什么时候开始画画。故选D项。
【28 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“没有比今天更好的一天了，”我宣布并拿出了所有的材料。A. busier更忙碌的；B. better更好的；C. tougher更艰苦的；D. bigger更大的。根据句中“brought out all the materials”可知，作者不想拖下去，想从现在就开始画画，由此可知，句中指没有比今天更好的一天了，也就是说，今天就是开始画画的最好的日子。故选B项。
29 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，我的房子似乎永远都不十分干净，但我的生活充满了色彩。A. sufferings苦难；B. achievements成就；C. colors颜色，色彩；D. chances机会。根据上文内容可知，作者终于开始画画了，由此可知，因为有了画画的爱好，作者生活中充满了色彩。故选C项。
【30 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，我不再觉得自己是个苦力。我有了新的目标。A. purpose目标；B. memory记忆；C. occupation职业；D. challenge挑战。根据上文内容可知，作者有了画画的爱好，由此可知，她的生活中有了新的目标。故选A项。

10． （2022·广东广州·一模）
I’d worked four months at a university when we had a going-away party for Sandy, who was moving to London. When I got to work the next day, I was ______31______ to see Sandy there. “Aren’t you supposed to be in London?” I asked. She ______32______ me and said, “I’m Helen.”
I then found out that I have a rare disease face blindness. This ____33____ sent me to the doctor. I didn’t think much about it. ____34____ , I’m a successful adult — who cares if my ______35______ isn’t quite like everyone else’s? Then, I met Dr Smith. “Your ability to learn new faces is among the worst,” he said. “As for cures, nothing so far has been very ____36____ .” After a sad goodbye, I fled in tears.
I was ______37______ until Dad gave me some important advice. “Everyone just wants to talk about themselves,” he said. “Just ask questions.” This ____38____ transformed my life. When walking on campus, if someone looked my way, I   ____39____ . If they smiled, I stopped to chat. Soon I became an expert at talking to _____40_____.
This year, I celebrated my birthday with over 60 friends, many of whom l wasn’t able to _______41_______ . I was fine with that. _______42_______, I can take courses to treat my illness, but I’d rather spend that time on something I   _______43_______ , like looking at birds. I get such a _______44_______ identifying them.
_______45_______ my face blindness, I’ve learnt to see the world.
31．A．excited B．surprised C．frightened D．pleased
32．A．stared at B．thought of C．got away from D．reached out for
33．A．disaster B．accident C．discovery D．expectation
34．A．However B．Somehow C．Anyway D．Moreover
35．A．illness B．growth C．face D．brain
36．A．promising B．popular C．cheap D．comfortable
37．A．unconcerned B．impatient C．desperate D．annoyed
38．A．tip B．question C．explanation D．warning
39．A．hesitated B．smiled C．panicked D．waited
40．A．students B．strangers C．colleagues D．patients
41．A．invite B．trust C．greet D．recognise
42．A．Eventually B．Fortunately C．Actually D．Hopefully
43．A．remember B．ignore C．miss D．enjoy
44．A．chance B．thrill C．shock D．trouble
45．A．According to B．Regardless of C．In fear of D．Thanks to
【答案】

31．B
32．A
33．C
34．C
35．D
36．A
37．C
38．A
39．B
40．B
41．D
42．C
43．D
44．B
45．D

【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者患有脸盲症，但爸爸的一条建议让作者受益匪浅，作者也因此学会了看世界。
【31 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二天上班时，我惊讶地看到桑迪在那里。A. excited兴奋的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. frightened害怕的；D. pleased愉悦的。根据下文“Aren’t you supposed to be in London?”可知，作者看到桑迪感到很惊讶，故选B。
【32 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他盯着我说：“我是海伦”。A. stared at盯着；B. thought of考虑；C. got away from远离；D. reached out for伸手去拿。根据下文她说自己是海伦可知，她说话时是盯着作者的，故选A。
【33 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我发现我得了一种罕见的脸盲症。这一发现让我去看医生。
A. disaster灾难；B. accident事故；C. discovery发现；D. expectation期望。上一句说作者发现自己得了一种罕见的脸盲症，此处指的就是这一发现，故选C。
【34 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我没有想太多。无论如何，我是一个成功的成年人，谁会在乎我的脑子是否和别人不一样? A. However然而；B. Somehow不知怎么；C. Anyway不管怎样、无论如何；D. Moreover况且。根据下文“I’m a successful adult”可知，此处用anyway表示语气的缓和，故选C。
【35 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. illness疾病；B. growth成长；C. face脸；D. brain大脑、智力。根据常识可知，脸盲症属于认知障碍，故选D。
【36 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于治疗方法，到目前为止还没有什么方法很有希望的（有效的）。A. promising有希望的、有前途的；B. popular流行的；C. cheap便宜的；D. comfortable舒适的。根据下文“After a sad goodbye, I fled in tears.”可知，到目前为止还没有什么有效的治疗方法，所以作者很难过，故选A。
【37 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我深感绝望，直到爸爸给了我一些重要的建议。A. unconcerned不关心的；B. impatient不耐烦的；C. desperate绝望的；D. annoyed恼怒的。上文说到目前为止还没有什么有效的治疗方法，所以作者很难过，深感绝望，故选C。
【38 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个建议改变了我的生活。走在校园里，如果有人看我，我会微笑。A. tip建议、贴士；B. question问题；C. explanation解释；D. warning警告。上一句说爸爸给了我一些重要的建议，此处用tip呼应上文的advice，故选A。
【39 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. hesitated犹豫；B. smiled微笑；C. panicked恐慌；D. waited等待。根据下文“If they smiled,”可知，如果有人看我，我会用微笑回应，故选B。
【40 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快我就成了与陌生人交谈的专家。A. students学生；B. strangers陌生人；C. colleagues同事；D. patients病人。根据上文“When walking on campus, if someone looked my way,”可知，作者遇到的这些人都是没有说过话的陌生人，故选B。
【41 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年，我和60多个朋友一起过生日，其中很多我都认不出来。 A. invite邀请；B. trust信任；C. greet问候；D. recognise认出。上文说作者有脸盲症，所以很多人认不出来，故选D。
【42 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，我可以参加课程来治疗疾病，但我宁愿把这些时间花在我喜欢的事情上，比如看鸟。认出它们让我兴奋不已。A. Eventually最终；B. Fortunately幸运地；C. Actually实际上；D. Hopefully有希望地。下文说作者可以参加课程来治疗脸盲症，但作者宁愿把这些时间花在我喜欢的事情上，此处用actually引出解释的内容，故选C。
【43 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. remember记得；B. ignore忽视；C. miss错过；D. enjoy喜欢、享受。下文说作者可以参加课程来治疗脸盲症，根据语境，下文举的看鸟的例子是做着喜欢做的事情之一，故选D。
【44 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. chance机会；B. thrill激动、兴奋；C. shock震惊；D. trouble麻烦。根据上下文语境，因为作者 有脸盲症，所以识别出不同的面部会让作者很兴奋，故选B。
【45 题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于我的脸盲症，我学会了看世界。A. According to依照；B. Regardless of不管；C. In fear of担心；D. Thanks to由于、幸亏。根据下文“I’ve learnt to see the world.”可知，由于脸盲症，作者学会了看世界，故选D。

11． （2022·山东泰安·一模）
Tima Abudhi is a 55-year-old mother of five. When growing up, she remembers watching her neighbors ____46____ at the mangrove forests (红树林) around her village on Pate Island, on Kenya’s east coast, to build houses or to sell as wood.
As the mangroves ____47____, so did the fish that live among their roots --- a ____48____ for the fishing village of Kizingitini. The threat to their livelihoods and homes ____49____ Abudhi and other women to start replanting the mangroves, often spending all day at the ____50____, taking time away from caring for their families and ____51____ their small businesses. Protecting the mangroves over the past few decades has ____52____ their incomes, but they felt it was a matter of urgency, Abudhi said.
“Replanting the mangroves is not ____53____. We have to go early in the morning to get the seedlings (幼苗) and then come to the beach and plant them until evening, just before the tides ____54____ again. We couldn't make _____55_____ time for our businesses,” she said.
Today, the women of Kizingitini no longer have to _____56_____ to both make a living and conserve the mangroves, thanks to a loan scheme that helps them keep food on the table so they can _____57_____ to continue planting. “This has led to increased _____58_____ of women in conservation and community development, as well as reduced _____59_____ inequality,” said Abudhi.
Mangrove forests can _____60_____ flooding and are considered key to controlling climate change and protecting people against warming-linked disasters.
46．A．cut away B．settle down C．set out D．get up
47．A．moved B．disappeared C．died D．rose
48．A．contribution B．choice C．disaster D．luck
49．A．encouraged B．motivated C．forbade D．persuaded
50．A．neighbor B．community C．beach D．village
51．A．selling B．assessing C．closing D．running
52．A．increased B．gained C．produced D．decreased
53．A．difficult B．easy C．worthwhile D．suitable
54．A．return B．calm C．withdraw D．remove
55．A．hard B．enough C．long D．cheap
56．A．struggle B．stop C．prepare D．determine
57．A．attempt B．witness C．afford D．refuse
58．A．unemployment B．resignation C．participation D．ignorance
59．A．gender B．wealth C．income D．age
60．A．cancel B．keep C．accelerate D．slow
【答案】

46．A
47．B
48．C
49．B
50．D
51．D
52．D
53．B
54．A
55．B
56．A
57．C
58．C
59．A
60．D

【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了一群位于肯尼亚东海岸的佩特岛上Kizingitini渔村里的妇女们重建红树林，保护家园的事迹。
【46 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在肯尼亚东海岸的佩特岛，她记得自己成长时看到邻居们砍伐周围的红树林，用来盖房子或作为木材出售。A. cut away砍掉；B. settle down安定下来；C. set out开始；D. get up起床。根据“to build houses or to sell as wood”可知，邻居们砍伐红树林，为了盖房子或者出售木材。故选A项。
【47 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着红树林的消失，生活在它们根部的鱼也是如此——这对Kizingitini渔村来说是一场灾难。A. moved移动；B. disappeared消失；C. died死亡；D. rose升起。根据第一段内容可知，邻居们砍伐木材，红树林慢慢消失了。故选B项。
【48 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. contribution贡献；B. choice选择；C. disaster灾难；D. luck运气。根据“As the mangroves ____2____, so did the fish that live among their roots”可知，随着红树林的消失，赖以生存的鱼类也一样消失了，这对村庄来说是一场灾难。故选C项。
【49 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：生计和家园面临的威胁促使Abudhi和其他妇女从照顾家庭和经营小企业中抽出时间，开始重新种植红树林，她们经常花费整天待在村子里。A. encouraged鼓励；B. motivated成为……的动机；C. forbade禁止；D. persuaded说服。根据“The threat to their livelihoods and homes”及“to start replanting the mangroves”可知，生存的家园遭到威胁，促使Abudhi和其他妇女开始重新种植红树林。故选B项。
【50 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. neighbor邻居；B. community社区；C. beach沙滩；D. village村庄。根据第一段“watching her neighbors ____1____ at the mangrove forests around her village”可知，Abudhi和其他妇女待在村子里一整天，重新植林。故选D项。
【51 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. selling出售；B. assessing评价；C. closing关闭；D. running经营。根据“taking time away from caring for their families and ____6____ their small businesses”可知，妇女们种植的时间是从照顾家庭和经营小本生意里抽出来的。故选D项。
【52 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几十年里，保护红树林减少了她们的收入，但她们觉得这是一个紧迫的问题，Abudhi说。A. increased增加；B. gained获得；C. produced制造；D. decreased减少。根据“but they felt it was a matter of urgency”并结合上文可知，妇女们将原本经营生意的时间用来种植红树林，收入减少了，但是她们觉得这是一个紧迫的问题。故选D项。
【53 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：重新种植红树林并不容易。A. difficult困难的；B. easy容易的；C. worthwhile值得的；D. suitable合适的。根据下文“We have to go early in the morning to get the seedlings and then come to the beach and plant them until evening, just before the tides ____9____ again.”可知，重新种植红树林并不容易。故选B项。
【54 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们必须一大早就去取树苗，然后到海滩上种植，一直种到晚上，刚好在潮水回来之前。A. return返回；B. calm使平静；C. withdraw撤销；D. remove移除。根据“We have to go early in the morning to get the seedlings and then come to the beach and plant them until evening, just before the tides ____9____ again.”可知，她们不得不在潮汐返回之前将树种好。故选A项。
【55 题详解】考查限定词、形容词词义辨析。句意：“我们无法为自己的生意腾出足够的时间，”她说。A. hard困难的；B. enough足够的；C. long长的；D. cheap便宜的。根据上文“taking time away from caring for their families and ____6____ their small businesses”可知，她们没有足够的时间经营生意。故选B项。
【56 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，Kizingitini的妇女们不再需要为生计和保护红树林而奋斗，这要归功于一项贷款计划，该计划帮助她们维持生计，从而有能力继续种植红树林。A. struggle奋斗；B. stop停止；C. prepare准备；D. determine决心。根据“both make a living and conserve the mangroves”及下文可知，由于一项贷款计划帮助妇女们维持生计，她们不需要再为生计和保护红树林而艰难奋斗。故选A项。
【57 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. attempt试图；B. witness目击；C. afford（有时间）做；D. refuse拒绝。根据“thanks to a loan scheme”可知，多亏了这项计划，妇女们能够有时间继续植林。故选C项。
【58 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Abudhi说：“这导致妇女更多地参与保护和社区发展，并减少了性别不平等。” A. unemployment失业；B. resignation辞职；C. participation参加；D. ignorance无知。根据语境，由于妇女们得到了帮助，更多的妇女参与了保护和社区发展。故选C项。
【59 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. gender性别；B. wealth财富；C. income收入；D. age年龄。根据上一句可知，越来越多的妇女参与到活动中来，同时减少了性别不平等现象。故选A项。
【60 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：红树林可以减缓洪水，被认为是控制气候变化和保护人们免受与变暖有关的灾害的关键。A. cancel取消；B. keep保持；C. accelerate加快；D. slow减慢。根据“flooding and are considered key to controlling climate change and protecting people against warming-linked disasters.”可知，红树林能够减慢洪水的侵袭。故选D项。

12． （2022·上海·模拟预测）
Two of the most critical lessons learned from the pandemic are the need for effective national leadership and for clear, consistent communication. Countries that fared well had both in abundance; those that didn’t often faltered. The TIMES survey results reflect this, with____61____was “leadership and public communication strategies” the only category in which every rated, on average, at least 4 out of 5 for priority. The highest ranking in the category went to “ensuring strong, federally coordinated responses that provincial, state, and local jurisdictions can rely upon for guidance”. The importance of this cannot be overstated. In the U.S., it made no sense to have 50 states ____62____ their own supplies of masks and tests, and 50 different sets of rules to contain (or not) the disease. As a former local health official, I can tell you that local health departments are chronically under ____63____ and so rely on federal entities to formulate clear____64____ and evidence-based policy guidance, which ___65___ those closer to the ground to tailor the specifics to their communities. Being able to point to federal guidelines helps serve as political cover-important when the recommendations ask for difficult actions, such as shuttering businesses and ____66____ stay-at-home orders.
The TIMES survey also identifies global health governance as a top ____67____ including to “reform the World Health Organization’s regulatory authority”. Unfortunately, the____68____of this intervention was rated 2.86. I agree with this low ranking. Any reform at the WHO will be a long and tedious ____69____. Global health governance needs to occur, but meanwhile, individual governments can take matters into their own ______70______. First, they must rigorously evaluate their country’s pandemic response and make necessary ______71______ to improve local, regional and national infrastructure and coordination. Second, they should strengthen international scientific______72______. Third, willing countries can ______73______ multinational agreements for transparency, mutual aid and partnership.
Improvements in global public health must begin locally and be driven by leaders who will learn the hard ______74______ from COVID-19. If we can ______75______the key factors that need reform, then we must agree on doing what it takes to prevent another tragedy.
61．A．proposal B．refusal C．adjustment D．substitute
62．A．influence B．promise C．secure D．pattern
63．A．smashed B．stuffed C．smoothed D．staffed
64．A．careers B．goals C．trends D．signs
65．A．employs B．emphasizes C．emerges D．empowers
66．A．imposing B．stretching C．challenging D．intruding
67．A．appeal B．solution C．principle D．priority
68．A．possibility B．feasibility C．availability D．practicality
69．A．property B．combination C．process D．calculation
70．A．hands B．ears C．mouths D．eyes
71．A．achievements B．judgements C．pavements D．investments
72．A．donations B．collaborations C．qualifications D．regulations
73．A．determine B．overlook C．initiate D．evaluate
74．A．lessons B．causes C．subjects D．models
75．A．make with B．show up C．take over D．agree on
【答案】

61．A
62．C
63．D
64．B
65．D
66．A
67．D
68．B
69．C
70．A
71．D
72．B
73．C
74．A
75．D

【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，美国人应从这场疫情中吸取的两个最重要的教训：需要有效的国家领导和清晰、一致的沟通；和进行全球卫生治理的三个策略。
【61 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：《时代》杂志的调查结果反映了这一点，其建议是“领导力和公共传播战略”，这是唯一一个平均每个人都认为至少五分之四优先的类别。A. proposal建议、提议；B. refusal拒绝；C. adjustment调整；D. substitute代替品。由上文的“Two of the most critical lessons learned from the pandemic are the need for effective national leadership and for clear, consistent communication.”和下文的“leadership and public communication strategies”可知，作者认为美国人要从疫情中吸取的两个最重要的教训：需要有效的国家领导和清晰一致的沟通（这有助于帮助战胜疫情），这是《时代》杂志调查结果认可的策略，因为作者的“建议”是（为了战胜疫情）要注重领导力和公共传播战略。故选A项。
【62 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在美国，让50个州确保自己的口罩和测试供应，以及让50套不同的规则来控制（或不控制）疾病是没有意义的。A. influence影响；B. promise承诺；C. secure使安全、确保；D. pattern构成图案。由上文的“The highest ranking in the category went to ‘ensuring strong, federally coordinated responses that provincial, state, and local jurisdictions can rely upon for guidance’.”可知，疫情防控的有效策略是“确保省、州和地方司法管辖区可以依赖强有力的、联邦政府协调的回应作为指导”，即美国各州可以在强有力的联邦政府统筹协调下，自己应对本地疫情，确保各自州内的口罩和测试供应。故选C项。
【63 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名前地方卫生官员，我可以告诉你，地方卫生部门长期人手不足，因此要依赖联邦政体制定明确的目标和基于证据的政策指导，这些政策指导使那些更接近实际的人能够根据自己的团体定制具体条例。A. smashed粉碎；B. stuffed填满；C. smoothed使平整；D. staffed任职于。由上文语境和下文的“so rely on federal entities to formulate clear　　4　　 and evidence-based policy guidance”可知，让美国50个州的50套不同的规则来控制（或不控制）疾病是没有意义，最终各州要依赖联邦政体制定明确的目标和基于证据的政策指导，该空应该讲述形成这种状况的原因，应该是地方卫生部门长期人手不足，under staffed (人员不足的)。故选D项。
【64 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名前地方卫生官员，我可以告诉你，地方卫生部门长期人手不足，因此要依赖联邦政体制定明确的目标和基于证据的政策指导，这些政策指导使那些更接近实际的人能够根据自己的团体定制具体条例。A. careers事业；B. goals目标；C. trends趋势；D. signs标志。由下文的“evidence-based policy guidance”可知，美国地方卫生部门因长期人手不足无法自己应对疫情，所以需要依赖联邦政体制订基于证据的政策指导和明确的（抗疫）目标来防控疫情及战胜疫情。故选B项。
【65 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名前地方卫生官员，我可以告诉你，地方卫生部门长期人手不足，因此要依赖联邦政体制定明确的目标和基于证据的政策指导，这些政策指导使那些更接近实际的人能够根据自己的团体定制具体条例。A. employs雇用；B. emphasizes强调；C. emerges浮现；D. empowers给（某人）……的权力。由上文的“rely on federal entities to formulate clear　　4　　 and evidence-based policy guidance”可知，美国各州需要依赖联邦政体制订基于证据的政策指导来防控疫情及战胜疫情，说明这些基于证据的政策指导对各州面临的疫情是有用的，它们能够赋予当地接近疫情现实的人权力，因地制宜的采取措施，定制具体条例。故选D项。
【66 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当这些建议要求采取困难的行动时，例如关闭企业和强制执行留在家中的命令，能够提出联邦指导方针有助于充当重要的政治掩护。A. imposing强制实行、把……强加于；B. stretching伸展；C. challenging挑战；D. intruding闯入。由下文的“stay-at-home orders”可知，让美国各州人民居家隔离、不出门，这需要国家通过法令强制实施。故选A项。
【67 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：《时代》调查还将全球卫生治理确定为首要任务，包括“改革世界卫生组织的监管机构”。A. appeal上诉；B. solution解决方法；C. principle原则；D. priority最重要的事、首要事情。由上文的“global health governance”可知，面对疫情层出不穷，全球卫生治理应该是重中之重的事情。故选D项。
【68 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，这种干预的可行性被评为2.86。A. possibility可能性；B. feasibility可行性；C. availability可利用性；D. practicality实用性。由上文的“identifies global health governance as a top 　　7　　 including to “reform the World Health Organization’s regulatory authority””和下文的“rated 2.86”可知，全球卫生治理（包括“改革世界卫生组织的监管机构”）应为首要任务，但评级为2.86，说明这种干预的可行性很低。故选B项。
【69 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：世卫组织的任何改革都将是一个漫长而乏味的过程。A. property财产；B. combination结合；C. process过程；D. calculation计算。由上文的“Any reform at the WHO will be a long and tedious”可知，任何改革都有一个过程。故选C项。
【70 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：需要进行全球卫生治理，但与此同时，各地政府可以自行处理问题。A. hands手；B. ears耳；C. mouths嘴；D. eyes眼。由上文的“Global health governance needs to occur, but meanwhile”可知，面对疫情这样全球的公共卫生问题，不仅需要全球宏观抗疫，还需要各地自己着手解决问题，take matters into one’s own hands (自己主动掌握一切、自己着手解决问题)。故选A项。
【71 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，他们必须严格评估本国的疫情应对措施，并进行必要的投资，以改善地方、区域和国家的基础设施和协调。A. achievements成就；B. judgements判断；C. pavements人行道；D. investments投入、投资。由下文的“to improve local, regional and national infrastructure and coordination”可知，要改善地方、区域和国家的基础设施和协调，需要大量的投资才能实现。故选D项。
【72 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：其次，他们应该加强国际科学合作。A. donations捐献；B. collaborations合作；C. qualifications资格,素质, 技能,；D. regulations规章制度。由上文的“they should strengthen international scientific”可知，面对疫情这样全球的公共卫生问题，除了需要各国自己着手解决问题外，各国还可以加强国际科学合作来研究病毒。故选B项。
【73 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第三，有意愿的国家可以就透明度、互助和伙伴关系达成多国协议。A. determine决定；B. overlook忽略；C. initiate发起、达成；D. evaluate评估。由上文语境可知，国家间可以开展相关合作，合作期间自然可以达成相关协议。故选C项。
【74 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：全球公共卫生的改善必须从本地开始，并由将从COVID-19吸取艰难经验的领导者推动。A. lessons教训、经验；B. causes原因；C. subjects主题；D. models模范。由上文的“Improvements in global public health”和本处的“be driven by leaders who will learn the hard 　　14　　 from COVID-19”可知，吸取了COVID-19疫情防控经验的领导人，才会给全球公共卫生带来改善。故选A项。
【75 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果我们能在需要改革的关键因素上达成一致，那么我们就必须同意采取必要措施防止另一场悲剧。A. make with产生；B. show up如约赶到；C. take over接管；D. agree on同意。由下文的“we must agree on doing what it takes”可知，抗议防疫过程中，只有达成一致意见，在需要改革的关键因素上达成一致，才能防止另一场悲剧。故选D项。

13． （2022·河北邯郸·一模）
I lean back on the wooden bench and the day’s stresses are gone. It seems perfectly placed for this spot, a place of my ___91___ and growth. It has really ___92___ me to a world I’ve never imagined.
Two years ago, I was diagnosed with cancer. Before surgery, my doctor told me to___93___out much to help with recovery. So I returned to hiking in the nearby woods. My fear was ___94___, but I still felt lonely.
My fearlessness ___95___. As everyone expected, the surgery went ___96___. I imagined what I could ___97___ when getting home. One day, I thought of building a bench because I loved ___98___. And I was only ___99___ enough to do a little bit each day. However, I was getting better in the work. Finally, I placed the bench I made in the yard, but it didn't feel like the right ___100___.
One morning, I passed by the woods, ___101___ to find many cyclists and climbers there. It was a world of ___102___ beyond my imagination, I put the bench there, built a wooden box and left a notebook and a pen inside. I wrote on the first page, "This is my favorite spot. I'd love to know what it___103___ to you."
The next day, I ___104___ the first entry: Facing pressure every day, I keep on going because I have this place to get away from it all. People regularly stop to sit on the bench and pour out their___105___ and write encouraging words to me in the notebook. Now, my life is fuller and I no longer feel lonely.
91．A．recovery B．sadness C．production D．tension
92．A．preferred B．described C．connected D．devoted
93．A．eat B．find C．figure D．work
94．A．fading B．mounting C．appearing D．returning
95．A．let out B．paid off C．went down D．broke off
96．A．smoothly B．roughly C．slowly D．disappointingly
97．A．gain B．say C．do D．promise
98．A．hiking B．woodwork C．handwriting D．exercise
99．A．brave B．well-known C．smart D．able-bodied
100．A．atmosphere B．status C．place D．height
101．A．astonished B．embarrassed C．unsatisfied D．undisturbed
102．A．champions B．values C．resources D．sports
103．A．announces B．presents C．explains D．means
104．A．remarked B．deleted C．read D．wrote
105．A．gifts B．emotions C．boxes D．impressions
【答案】

91．A
92．C
93．D
94．A
95．B
96．A
97．C
98．B
99．D
100．C
101．A
102．D
103．D
104．C
105．B

【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一条木凳的来历。它伴随着作者抗癌的历程，见证着人们的喜怒哀乐。
【91 题详解】考查名词词义辨析，句意：它似乎是完美的放置在这个位置，一个我恢复和成长的地方。A.recovery恢复；B.sadness悲哀；C.production产量；生产；D.tension紧张。根据下文“I lean back on the wooden bench and the day's stresses are gone.”可知，木凳是作者恢复和成长的地方。故选A。
【92 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它把我和一个我从未想象过的世界联系在一起。A.preferred较喜欢；B.described描述；C.connected把……联系起来；D.devoted奉献。根据最后一段的“People regularly stop to sit on the bench and pour out their 15 and write encouraging words to me in the notebook. Now, my life is fuller and I no longer feel lonely.(人们经常停下来坐在木凳上，倾诉他们的情绪。现在，我的生活更充实了，我不再感到孤独。)”可知，木凳把作者与一个作者从来想象不到的世界联系在一起。故选C。
【93 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：手术前，我的医生告诉我多锻炼来帮助康复。A.eat吃；B.find发现；C.figure认为；计算；D.work工作。根据下文“to help with recovery. So I returned to hiking in the nearby woods.”可知，在作手术之前，医生告诉作者要锻炼以便帮助康复。work out“锻炼”，符合句意，故选D。
【94 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我的恐惧在消退，但是我仍然感到孤独。A.fading消退；B.mounting攀登；C.appearing消失；D.returning返回；归还。根据下文“My fearlessness”可知，作者锻炼以后，担忧有所减少，但是仍旧孤独。故选A。
【95 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的无畏奏效了。A.let out泄露；B.paid off奏效；C.went down平静；D.broke off折断。根据下文“As everyone expected, the surgery went ___6___. I imagined what I could ___7___ when getting home.”可知，作者手术成功想象着回家做些什么，因此推断作者的无畏奏效了，故选B。
96 题详解】考查副词词义辨析，句意：正如大家所料，手术进行得顺利。A.smoothly顺利地；B.roughly粗略地；C.slowly慢慢地；D.disappointingly令人失望地。根据上文“As everyone expected”和“when getting home”可知，手术顺利作者想象着回家做些什么。故选A。
【97 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想象着回家后能做些什么。A.gain获得；B.say说；C.do做；D.promise许诺。根据下文“One day, I thought of building a bench” 可知，作者想象着回家后能做什么。故选C。
【98 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我想做一条木発，因为我喜欢木工活。A. hiking徒步旅行；B.woodwork木工活；C.handwriting书法；D.exercise锻炼；练习。根据上文“I thought of building a bench”可知，作者想要做一条木凳，因此推断作者喜欢木工活。故选B。
【99 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我身体不够强壮，只能每天做一点点事。A.brave勇敢的；B.well-known著名的；C.smart聪明的；D.able-bodied强壮的。根据上文可知，作者做了手术，结合下文“to do a little bit each day”可知，作者身体不够强壮。故选D。
【100 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，我把我做的长凳放在院子里，但是我感觉那地方不适合放木凳。A.atmosphere气氛；B.status地位；C.place地方；D.height高度。根据上文“Finally, I placed the bench I made in the yard”可知，作者把木凳放在院子里，但是又感觉后院不是合适的地方。故选C。
【101 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一天早晨，我经过树林，吃惊地发现那里有许多骑自行车和爬山的人。A.astonished惊奇的；吃惊的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.unsatisfied不满足的；D.undisturbed泰然自若的。根据下文“to find many cyclists and climbers there”和“beyond my imagination”可知，发现许多骑自行车的人和爬山的人让作者感到吃惊。故选A。
【102 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它是一个超乎我想象的运动世界。A.champions冠军；B.values价值；重要性；C.resources资源；D.sports运动。根据上文“to find many cyclists and climbers there”可知，这是一个运动的世界。故选D。
【103 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在第一页上写道：这是我最喜欢的地方。我很想知道这对你意味着什么。A.announces宣布；B.presents显示；表现；C.explains解释；D.means意味着。根据上文“This is my favorite spot.”下文“the first entry: Facing pressure every day, I keep on going because I have this place to get away from it all.”可知，作者在笔记本第一页询问这个地方对别人意味着生命。故选D。
【104 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，我读到了第一条记录。A.remarked评论；B.deleted删除；C.read读；D.wrote写。根据下文“Facing pressure every day, I keep on going because I have this place to get away from it all.”可知，作者在第二天读到了第一条记录。故选C。
【105 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们经常停下来坐在木凳上，倾诉他们的情绪。A.gifts礼物；B.emotions情绪；C.boxes盒子；D.impressions印象。根据上文“Facing pressure every day, I keep on going because I have this place to get away from it all.(每天面对压力，我继续前进，因为我有这个地方可以摆脱这一切)”可知，人们倾诉他们的情绪。故选B。

14． （重庆市2022届高三入学诊断）
When my mother told me stories about Emily, her grandmother, who she admired, I was all ears. My mother drew a 21 between Emily and Jacqueline Kennedy, former US president’s wife. Mom described her 22 features: a long graceful neck and a tiny waist. “Emily was just like Jacqueline,” Mom said. “But their origins wouldn’t 23 : Emily was graceful, soft-spoken, but possibly born a slave.”
Emily attracted me. Not until 2005 did my research on ancestry really start to 24 , for the reason that I was no longer 25 . “When does your new job start?” asked my mother. “I refuse to take a job for at least a year,” I replied. My mother had no 26 with such words. “Anyway, you should have a job.” I remained 27 and didn’t explain it. But I felt I must 28 my job to collect more stories about my 29 .
I 30 my mother’s line to a place called Cane River. I found the bill of shameful slave sale for my great-great-great grandmother, who was 31 in 1850 for $ 800. I had to write the stories. This time the novel Cane River was sold in a（n） 32 way.
One day, the phone rang, “Hello, this is Oprah Winfrey, the talk show hostess.” I couldn’t believe my ears. I responded in 33 , “Hello, Ms Winfrey. What can I do for you today?” She told me she selected my novel for her book club, which 34 led to Cane River on The New York Times bestseller list and a 35 readership than I expected.
21．A．parallel B．diagram C．picture D．symbol
22．A．moral B．physical C．mental D．psychological
23．A．change B．repeat C．fit D．work
24．A．fall through B．heat up C．get across D．fade away
25．A．supported B．believed C．employed D．limited
26．A．luck B．problem C．alternative D．patience
27．A．angry B．sad C．silent D．active
28．A．leave B．accept C．choose D．introduce
29．A．Colleagues B．ancestors C．partners D．kids
30．A．followed B．imagined C．recited D．directed
31．A．hired B．fined C．profited D．sold
32．A．Embarrassing B．glorious C．improper D．identical
33．A．horror B．difficulty C．advance D．surprise
34．A．finally B．approximately C．rarely D．potentially
35．A．smaller B．stricter C．broader D．worse
【答案】

21．A
22．B
23．C
24．B
25．C
26．D
27．C
28．A
29．B
30．A
31．D
32．B
33．D
34．A
35．C

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。对家族史的好奇驱使作者不顾一切地前去探寻，最终完成了《凯恩河》这部小说，且成为畅销书。
【21 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我母亲把Emily和美国前总统夫人Jacqueline Kennedy相提并论。A. parallel相似特征；B. diagram图表；C. picture图画；D. symbol符号。根据后文母亲所说“Emily was just like Jacqueline”可知，母亲在她的祖母Emily和前第一夫人的Jacqueline Kennedy之间找到了相似点，draw a parallel“找到相似点；相提并论”。故选A项。
【22 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：妈妈描述她的身体特征：长而优雅的脖子和细细的腰。A. moral道德的；B. physical身体的；C. mental智力的；D. psychological心理的。根据后文“a long graceful neck and a tiny waist”可知，母亲描述她的身体特征。故选B项。
【23 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“但他们的出身并不一样：艾米丽举止优雅，说话轻声细语，但可能生来就是奴隶。”A. change变化；B. repeat重复；C. fit适合，一致；D. work工作。根据常识以及后文“Emily was graceful, soft-spoken, but possibly born a slave.”可知，Emily与Jacqueline Kennedy的出身并不一样。故选C项。
【24 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：直到2005年，我对祖先的研究才真正开始升温，原因是我失业了。A. fall through落空，失败；B. heat up加热，升温；C. get across把……弄清楚；D. fade away逐渐变暗。根据前文“Emily attracted me.”以及后文“But I felt I must ___8___ my job to collect more stories about my ___9___.”可知，Emily吸引了作者，使作者想要收集更多的故事，因此推断，作者对祖先的研究开始升温。故选B项。
【25 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到2005年，我对祖先的研究才真正开始升温，原因是我失业了。A. supported被支持；B. believed被相信；C. employed被雇用；D. limited被限制。根据后文母亲所问“When does your new job start?”可知，作者失业了，不再被雇佣。故选C项。
【26 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我母亲对这样的话没有耐心。A. luck运气；B. problem问题；C. alternative备选方案；D. patience耐心。根据后文母亲所说“Anyway, you should have a job.”可知，母亲对作者所说“I refuse to take a job for at least a year”，不赞同，没耐心去理解作者的意图。故选D项。
【27 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我保持沉默，也没有解释。A. angry生气的；B. sad伤心的；C. silent沉默的；D. active积极的。根据后文“and didn’t explain it”可知，作者没有解释和争吵，而是保持沉默。故选C项。
【28 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我觉得我必须离开我的工作去收集更多关于我祖先的故事。A. leave离开；B. accept接受；C. choose选择；D. introduce介绍。基于前文分析可知，祖先Emily的故事引起作者的兴趣，她失去工作而不想马上找工作，所以，此处指作者想要离开工作，去收集有关祖先的故事。故选A项。
【29 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是我觉得我必须离开我的工作去收集更多关于我祖先的故事。A. colleagues同事；B. ancestors祖先；C. partners伙伴；D. kids孩子。基于前文分析可知，祖先Emily的故事引起作者的兴趣，根据前文“my research on ancestry”可以推断，作者想要离开工作，去收集有关祖先的故事。故选B项。
【30 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我跟随着我母亲的路线来到了一个叫凯恩河的地方。A. followed跟随；B. imagined想象；C. recited背诵；D. directed导演。根据后文“my mother’s line to a place called Cane River”可知，作者追随着母亲的路线进行实地探访。故选A项。
【31 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我发现了我曾曾曾祖母可耻的奴隶买卖法案，她在1850年以800美元的价格被卖掉。A. hired雇用；B. fined罚款；C. profited获益；D. sold出售。根据历史常识和前文“the bill of shameful slave sale”及后文“for $ 800”可知，作者的祖先作为奴隶被贩卖。故选D项。
【32 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一次小说《凯恩河》卖得很好。A. embarrassing令人尴尬的；B. glorious值得称道的，极好的；C. improper不诚实的，不正当的；D. identical相同的。根据后文“She told me she selected my novel for her book club, which ___14___ led to Cane River on The New York Times bestseller list and a ___15___ readership than I expected.”可知，作者的小说卖的很好。故选B项。
【33 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我惊讶地回答道：“你好，Winfrey女士……” A. horror恐怖；B. difficulty困难；C. advance前进；D. surprise惊讶，惊喜。根据前文“I couldn’t believe my ears.”可知，作者很惊讶。故选D项。
【34 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我，她把我的小说选进了她的读书俱乐部，这最终使《凯恩河》登上了《纽约时报》的畅销书排行榜，读者比我想象的要多。A. finally最后；B. approximately大概；C. rarely很少；D. potentially潜在地。根据前文“She told me she selected my novel for her book club”以及后文“led to Cane River on The New York Times bestseller list”可知，这是最终的结果。故选A项。
【35 题详解】考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：她告诉我，她把我的小说选进了她的读书俱乐部，这最终使《凯恩河》登上了《纽约时报》的畅销书排行榜，读者比我想象的要多。A. smaller更小的；B. stricter更严格的；C. broader更广泛的；D. worse更糟的。根据前文“led to Cane River on The New York Times bestseller list”可知，读者比作者想象的要更多（更广泛）。故选C项。

15． （福建漳州市2021届高三质检）
Michael S. Megonigal wanted to help people who lost their jobs but wasn't sure about how to do it. When he shopped at the supermarket in a blue-collar community where many people live in poverty, an opportunity 21 : A customer couldn't 22 everything and was about to put an item back. Megonigal 23 paid for her groceries. Then Megonigal told the rest of people in line he would pay, too.
At first, some customers were 24 or disbelieving. Some tried to pay until Megonigal explained what was going on. Some, who had 25 only a few items they needed, returned to the shelves for more at Megonigal's 26 . An hour passed—until the 27 bill came to $ 2,523.32. All 28 and applauded as Megonigal's free-for-all ended. At least 30 people received free groceries that day, moved by the 29 of generosity, for their source of 30 had possibly dried up.
Megonigal has found other ways to help people in his neighborhood— 31 money, bicycles and the like. The 32 pleasure he felt in laying down his credit card for others almost took him by surprise, as did the depth of people's 33 .
“It was enjoyable to watch the people when they didn't realize it, and they were looking around, going, ‘What?’” Megonigal 34 . “It was 35 . I can't wait to do it again.”
21．A．waited B．escaped C．returned D．came
22．A．find B．afford C．carry D．order
23．A．secretly B．proudly C．immediately D．excitedly
24．A．disappointed B．embarrassed C．confused D．frightened
25．A．selected B．exchanged C．listed D．accepted
26．A．convenience B．mercy C．service D．request
27．A．total B．additional C．original D．detailed
28．A．celebrated B．cheered C．nodded D．shouted
29．A．explanation B．fun C．display D．duty
30．A．energy B．information C．wisdom D．income
31．A．preparing B．donating C．receiving D．borrowing
32．A．great B．expected C．limited D．brief
33．A．trust B．admiration C．passion D．gratitude
34．A．guessed B．answered C．recalled D．imagined
35．A．reasonable B．awesome C．romantic D．challenging

【答案】

21．D
22．B
23．C
24．C
25．A
26．D
27．A
28．B
29．C
30．D
31．B
32．A
33．D
34．C
35．B

【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了麦格尼格尔为了帮助失业的人，为顾客支付买不起的东西。帮助别人的同时，他自己也感到了快乐。
【21 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他在一个蓝领社区的超市购物时，机会来了：一个顾客买不起所有的东西，正准备把东西放回去。A. waited等待；B. escaped逃离；C. returned返回；D. came来。根据“Michael S. Megonigal wanted to help people who lost their jobs but wasn't sure about how to do it.”可知，麦格尼格尔想帮助失业的人的机会来了。故选D。
【22 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他在一个蓝领社区的超市购物时，机会来了：一个顾客买不起所有的东西，正准备把东西放回去。A. find发现；B. afford付得起；C. carry携带；D. order订购。根据“and was about to put an item back.”可知，这位顾客付不起所购买的物品。故选B。
【23 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：麦格尼格尔立即付了钱。A. secretly秘密地；B. proudly骄傲地；C. immediately立即；D. excitedly激动地。根据“Michael S. Megonigal wanted to help people who lost their jobs but wasn't sure about how to do it. When he shopped at the supermarket in a blue-collar community where many people live in poverty, an opportunity ___1___:”可知，麦格尼格尔想帮助别人是迫不及待的，所以是立即付了钱。故选C。
【24 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：起初，一些顾客感到困惑或不相信。A. disappointed失望的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. confused困惑的；D. frightened害怕的。根据“or disbelieving.”可知，一些顾客困惑是不是真的。故选C。
【25 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人只选了几件他们需要的东西，就应麦格尼格尔的要求回到货架上买更多的东西。A. selected选择；B. exchanged交换；C. listed列出；D. accepted接受。根据“At first, some customers were ___4___ or disbelieving.”和“returned to the shelves for more at Megonigal's ___6___.”可知，因为顾客感到困惑或不相信，所以只选了几件他们需要的东西，看是不是是真的。故选A。
【26 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人只选了几件他们需要的东西，就应麦格尼格尔的要求回到货架上买更多的东西。A. convenience方便；B. mercy宽恕；C. service服务；D. request请求。at one’s request应某人的要求。根据“returned to the shelves for more”可知，这些指选了几件物品的顾客，应麦格尼格尔的要求回到购物架选择更多的东西。故选D。
【27 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个小时过去了，账单总计是2523.32美元。A. total总共的；B. additional额外的；C. original起初的；D. detailed详细的。根据“bill came to $ 2,523.32.”可知，麦格尼格尔最终给顾客免费付钱的账单总计是2523.32美元。故选A。
【28 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当麦格尼格尔的所有免费都结束时，所有人都欢呼和鼓掌。 A. celebrated庆祝；B. cheered欢呼；C. nodded点头；D. shouted大喊。根据“applauded”可知，所有的人为麦格尼格尔的行为欢呼和鼓掌。故选B。
【29 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当天，那天至少有30人收到了免费的食品杂货，他们被这种慷慨的表现所感动，因为他们的收入来源可能已经枯竭。A. explanation解释；B. fun乐趣；C. display展示；D. duty责任。这里指收到了免费的食品杂货的人为麦格尼格尔的这种慷慨的表现所感动。故选C。
【30 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天至少有30人收到了免费的食品杂货，他们被这种慷慨的表现所感动，因为他们的收入来源可能已经枯竭。A. energy精力；B. information信息；C. wisdom智慧；D. income收入。根据“When he shopped at the supermarket in a blue-collar community where many people live in poverty,”可知，麦格尼格尔帮助的是贫穷的人，所以说他们的收入来源可能已经枯竭。故选D。
【31 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：麦格尼格尔找到了其他方法来帮助他的邻居——捐钱，自行车等等。 A. preparing准备；B. donating捐赠；C. receiving接受；D. borrowing借。根据“Megonigal has found other ways to help people in his neighborhood”可知，麦格尼格尔通过捐钱，自行车等等来帮助邻居。故选B。
【32 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他为别人放下信用卡而感到的巨大快乐几乎让他感到意外，人们的感激之情也如此之深。A. great伟大的；B. expected预料的；C. limited有限的；D. brief简短的。根据“he felt in laying down his credit card for others almost took him by surprise, as did the depth of people's ____13____.”可知，这里指麦格尼格尔帮助别人获得巨大的快乐。故选A。
【33 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他为别人放下信用卡而感到的巨大快乐几乎让他感到意外，人们的感激之情也如此之深。A. trust信任；B. admiration羡慕；C. passion激情；D. gratitude感激。根据“The ____12____ pleasure he felt in laying down his credit card for others almost took him by surprise,”可知，麦格尼格尔帮助别人，别人对他怀有感激之情。故选D。
【34 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：麦格尼格尔回忆道。A. guessed猜；B. answered回答；C. recalled回忆；D. imagined想象。根据“It was enjoyable to watch the people when they didn't realize it, and they were looking around, going, ‘What?’”可知，这是麦格尼格尔帮助别人时的回忆。故选C。
【35 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：太棒了。我迫不及待地想再来一次。A. reasonable合理的；B. awesome了不起的；C. romantic浪漫的；D. challenging挑战性的。根据“I can't wait to do it again.”可知，麦格尼格尔认为帮助别人的感觉太棒了。故选B。



16． （福建省龙岩市2021届高三质检）
Giorgio is among the countless people who have made videos on the TikTok platform during the pandemic. Little did he know where they would lead, but surely they bring a touch of 41 to the fight against the suffering days.
In January, Giorgio would 42 hear muffled（低沉的）melodies through the wall of his home; it 43 that his neighbor was playing the piano. Giorgio was really enjoying the music and began 44 videos in which his neighbor's talents could be heard.
In February, he posted a video saying he left a/an 45 to his neighbor asking if the 46 person could play the famous melody My Heart Will Go On. The neighbor's answer was 47 when the piece came from the other side. So began a 48 . In another note, Giorgio 49 that they play The River Flows In You as a duo（二重奏）.The Italian was at first a little 50 when he started, but he felt happy the moment he heard the music coming from the other side.
The two went on to play many more duos but Giorgio stayed curious about his unknown neighbor. Finally, they 51 . It was Emil and he was 78 years old. 52 from Poland, Emil's wife had just passed away and he was staying alone in a temporary accommodation. The only 53 left to Emil was his piano.
But, on March 14, the sad news of Emil’s death 54 him. “Dear Emil," he wrote 55 his neighbor. knew very little about you, but you gave me back my passion, and we shared that with the world. You'll be in my heart. Bye, my friend, Emil.”
41．A．bravery B．positivity C．honesty D．security
42．A．frequently B．excitedly C．surprisedly D．occasionally
43．A．happened B．seemed C．turned out D．went out
44．A．selling B．sharing C．purchasing D．advertising
45．A．note B．letter C．invitation D．request
46．A．happy B．emotional C．professional D．mysterious
47．A．vague B．timely C．self-evident D．negative
48．A．legend B．friendship C．concert D．journey
49．A．suggested B．wished C．ordered D．decided
50．A．innocent B．serious C．nervous D．scared
51．A．departed B．reunited C．responded D．met
52．A．Especially B．Originally C．Roughly D．Similarly
53．A．affection B．hope C．bond D．comfort
54．A．reached B．troubled C．horrified D．clouded
55．A．in return for B．in place of C．in memory of D．in response to
【答案】

41．B
42．A
43．C
44．B
45．A
46．D
47．C
48．B
49．A
50．C
51．D
52．B
53．D
54．A
55．C

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了在疫情期间，由于音乐互相吸引，居家的Giorgio与邻居Emil开启了一段友谊。
【41 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不过，他们给与苦难作斗争带来了一丝积极的情绪。A. bravery勇敢；B. positivity积极性；C. honesty诚实；D. security安全。前文说到“Little did he know where they would lead, but”中的but以及后文“to the fight against the suffering days.”可知，应用乐观来对待苦难的日子。故选B项。
【42 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：透过墙，Giorgio频繁的听到低沉的旋律。A. frequently频繁地；B. excitedly激动地；C. surprisedly 惊奇地；D. occasionally偶尔地。根据下文“Giorgio was really enjoying the music and began ___4____videos in which his neighbor's talents could be heard.”可推测，邻居应该是经常弹奏音乐，所以Giorgio才想把这些音乐录下来。故选A项。
【43 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果证明是他的邻居在弹钢琴。A. happened发生; B. seemed似乎; C. turned out证明是; D. went out外出。前文提到Giorgio经常听到低沉的旋律，后文提到Giorgio很喜欢对方的音乐甚至想录下来，可以推知Giorgio知道了弹奏的是钢琴。turn out意为“证明是”，表示确定信息。故选C项。
【44 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他开始分享视频让邻居弹奏的歌曲能够被所有人听到。A. selling售卖；B. sharing分享；C. purchasing购买；D. advertising 打广告。sharing videos意为“分享视频”，这里呼应第一段，在抖音平台上分享视频给他人。故选B项。
【45 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在二月，他发布了一条视频说到要邀请他神秘的邻居与他一起弹奏著名的乐曲《我心永恒》。A. note便条；B. letter信；C. invitation邀请；D. request 要求。根据后文“to his neighbor asking if the ____6____person could play the famous melody My Heart Will Go On.”中的ask if可知，Giorgio应该是给邻居递了一张便条，约对方一起弹奏。故选A项。
【46 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在二月，他发布了一条视频说到要邀请他神秘的邻居与他一起弹奏著名的乐曲《我心永恒》。A. happy开心的；B. emotional情感的; C. professional 专业的；D. mysterious神秘的。这时，Giorgio和邻居还没有见面，所以邻居对他来说是神秘的。故选D项。
【47 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当音乐从墙的另一边传过来的时候，邻居的回答是显而易见的。A. vague模糊的：B. timely及时的；C. self-evident 显而易见的；D. negative消极的。根据后文“when the piece came from the other side.”可知，邻居没有回答yes还是no，而是弹奏了那个曲子，所以他的回答是显而易见的，表示同意。故选C项。
【48 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一段友谊就开始了。A. legend传说：B. friendship友谊；C. concert音乐会；D. journey旅行。根据后文，一段基于音乐的友谊开始了，邻居死后，Giorgio还写了信表示纪念。故选B项。
【49 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Giorgio建议弹奏《你的心河》作为二重奏。A. suggested建议；B. wished希望；C. ordered要求；D. decided决定。由后文的play可知，该空处应填suggest。suggest的虚拟语气，从句为sb. (should) do sth.。故选A项。
【50 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：刚开始这个意大利人有些紧张。A. innocent纯洁的；B. serious严肃的; C. nervous 紧张；D. scared恐惧的。由后文“but he felt happy the moment he heard the music coming from the other side.”可知，刚开始Giorgio有点紧张，后来听到另一边传来的音乐才开始享受起来。故选C项。
【51 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后他们见了面。A. departed启程；B. reunited重逢：C. responded回应；D. met相遇、见面。后文“It was Emil and he was 78 years old. ____12____ from Poland, Emil's wife had just passed away and he was staying alone in a temporary accommodation.”可知，俩人终于见面了。故选D项。
52 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他起初来自波兰。A. Especially特殊地；B. Originally起初地；C. Roughly 粗糙地；D. Similarly相似地。由后文“Emil's wife had just passed away and he was staying alone in a temporary accommodation.”可知，邻居只是暂时住在这里，起初来自波兰。故选B项。
53 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：留给Emil唯一的安慰是她的钢琴。A. affection喜欢；B. hope希望；C. bond联系；D. comfort 安慰。根据前文可知，Emil老伴的去世是令人悲痛的事情，留给他唯一的安慰（comfort）是一架钢琴。故选D项。
54 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Emil去世的不幸消息传到了他的耳朵里。A. reached到达；B. troubled使困难；C. horrified惊吓；D. clouded使难以理解。根据常识，Emil去世的消息应该是传到他的耳朵里。因为亲属关系再加上Emil的年龄，不应horrify或者cloud到Giorgio。故选A项。
55 题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：“致Emil，”他写到，以纪念他的邻居。A. in return for作为回报; B. in place of替代; C. in memory of纪念; D. in response to回应。邻居去世了，Giorgio写了封信，以纪念对方。故选C项。

17． （山东省泰安2021届高三模拟）
Jade lives in Australia, a country famous for kangaroos, but not for snow. Yet at 12, she 21 to ski at the North Pole.
Despite the lack of authentic training space, Jade still built her 22 at the gym. She ran with giant tyres attached to her waist to 23 what it was like to 24 a sled across ice. By the age of 14, Jade was 25 .
The far north is not a blank carpet of soft snow, but Jade 26 the tough conditions. Even though every part of her body was 27 , she never thought of giving up. In April, 2016, Jade made 28 , becoming the youngest person to ski to the North Pole.
When talking about her 29 , she stated that every human body is 30 , whether you are a man or a woman. But when the talk was 31 online, some Internet bullies (霸凌者) wrote mean 32 like “Make me a sandwich”, to make her feel small.
To prove women’s place is far beyond the 33 , Jade and her team pushed on to the South Pole and made it. Holding a plate with a sandwich, Jade 34 had her photo taken and posted online. She dared the bullies, “I made you a sandwich. Now 35 37 days and 600 km to the South Pole, and you can eat it.”
21．A．managed B．decided C．offered D．afforded
22．A．career B．confidence C．strength D．team
23．A．tell B．feel C．remember D．share
24．A．pull B．stretch C．push D．carry
25．A．mature B．determined C．available D．ready
26．A．braved B．improved C．predicted D．identified
27．A．working B．refusing C．bleeding D．aching
28．A．progress B．promises C．history D．efforts
29．A．hobby B．adventure C．advantage D．award
30．A．complex B．beautiful C．amazing D．valuable
31．A．delivered B．posted C．declared D．remarked
32．A．comments B．suggestions C．concerns D．greetings
33．A．gym B．field C．kitchen D．office
34．A．unwillingly B．casually C．secretly D．proudly
35．A．ski B．walk C．run D．cycle

【答案】

21．B
22．C
23．B
24．A
25．D
26．A
27．D
28．C
29．B
30．C
31．B
32．A
33．C
34．D
35．A

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jade在12岁时决定滑雪去北极，经过两年的训练，她做好了准备并且创造了历史，成为滑雪到北极最年轻的人。而在面对网上霸凌者刻薄的言论时，她和她的团队前往南极并成功了，证明了女性的地位不仅仅只是在厨房里。
【21 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而在12岁时，她决定滑雪去北极。A. managed管理；B. decided决定；C. offered提议；D. afforded买得起。根据后文“to ski at the North Pole.”结合下文她去北极滑雪，可知Jade决定滑雪去北极，decide to do sth.“决定做某事”。故选B。
【22 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管缺乏真正的训练空间，Jade还是在健身房锻炼了自己的力量。A. career事业；B. confidence自信；C. strength力量；D. team队伍。根据后文“She ran with giant tyres attached to her waist to”可知Jade锻炼的是自己的力量。故选C。
【23 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她跑着，腰上系着巨大的轮胎，想感受一下拉雪橇穿越冰面的感觉。A. tell告诉；B. feel感觉；C. remember记得；D. share分享。根据后文“what it was like to…a sled across ice”可知腰上系着巨大的轮胎，是为了感受拉雪橇穿越冰面的感觉。故选B。
【24 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她跑着，腰上系着巨大的轮胎，想感受一下拉雪橇穿越冰面的感觉。A. pull拉；B. stretch舒展；C. push推动；D. carry搬运。根据后文“a sled across ice”可知指拉雪橇穿越冰面，pull符合语境。故选A。
【25 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：14岁的时候，Jade已经准备好了。A. mature成熟的；B. determined坚决的；C. available可获得的；D. ready准备好的。结合后文描述冰天雪地的环境，可知Jade已经准备好滑雪去北极了。故选D。
【26 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：遥远的北方不是一片柔软的白地毯，但Jade勇敢面对艰难的条件。A. braved勇敢面对；B. improved改善；C. predicted预测；D. identified识别。根据后文“the tough conditions”结合but表示转折，说明虽然条件艰苦，但是Jade还是勇敢面对了。故选A。
【27 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管她身体的每个部位都在疼痛，但她从未想过放弃。A. working工作；B. refusing拒绝；C. bleeding流血；D. aching疼痛。结合上文“Even though every part of her body was”以及上一段中提到感受拉雪橇穿过冰面，可推知Jade的身体遭受了艰苦锻炼，每个部位都在疼痛。故选D。
【28 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2016年4月，Jade创造了历史，成为滑雪到北极最年轻的人。A. progress进步；B. promises诺言；C. history历史；D. efforts努力。根据后文“becoming the youngest person to ski to the North Pole.”可知Jade成为滑雪到北极最年轻的人，创造了历史。故选C。
【29 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当谈到她的冒险时，她说每个人的身体都是惊人的，无论你是男人还是女人。A. hobby爱好；B. adventure冒险；C. advantage优势；D. award奖励。结合上文“becoming the youngest person to ski to the North Pole.”可知Jade成为滑雪到北极最年轻的人，这是她的一次冒险。故选B。
【30 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当谈到她的冒险时，她说每个人的身体都是惊人的，无论你是男人还是女人。A. complex复杂的；B. beautiful美丽的；C. amazing令人惊异的；D. valuable宝贵的。根据上文Jade虽然在艰苦的条件中身体每个部位都在疼痛，但她还是成功滑雪到了北极，可见她意识到每个人的身体都是惊人的，无论男女。故选C。
【31 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当这段谈话被放到网上后，一些网络霸凌者发布了“给我做个三明治”这样刻薄的评论，来让她觉得自己很渺小。A. delivered递送；B. posted发布；C. declared断言；D. remarked评论。根据后文“Make me a sandwich”以及主语“some Internet bullies”可知此处指网上霸凌者发布的一些刻薄的评论。故选B。
【32 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当这段谈话被放到网上后，一些网络霸凌者写了“给我做个三明治”这样刻薄的评论，来让她觉得自己很渺小。A. comments评论；B. suggestions建议；C. concerns关心；D. greetings问候。根据后文“like “Make me a sandwich””可知一些网络霸凌者写了“给我做个三明治”这样刻薄的评论，comments符合语境。故选A。
【33 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了证明女性的地位不仅仅只是在厨房，Jade和她的团队前往南极并成功了。A. gym健身房；B. field领域；C. kitchen厨房；D. office办公室。根据上文“Make me a sandwich”可知这些霸凌者说做三明治是想说女性应该待在厨房做饭，而Jade用自己的行动证明了女性的地位远远超过了在厨房做饭。故选C。
【34 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Jade 拿着一个装着三明治的盘子，自豪地拍了张照片传到网上。A. unwillingly不情愿地；B. casually随便地；C. secretly秘密地；D. proudly自豪地。根据上文“Jade and her team pushed on to the South Pole and made it”可知Jade和她的团队前往南极并成功了，因此此刻她很自豪。故选D。
35 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她向那些霸凌者挑战，“我给你做了个三明治。现在滑雪37天，600公里到南极，你就可以吃了。”A. ski滑雪；B. walk散步；C. run奔跑；D. cycle循环。呼应上文“to ski at the North Pole.”指滑雪去南极。故选A。

18． （福建省三明市2021届高三质检）
Judy Heumann grew up in Brooklyn, New York. She 21 Polio(小儿麻痹症) at just 18 months old. Although she 22 , the virus paralyzed her, making her have 23 use of her hands and legs. At the time, it wasn`t 24 for parents send their disabled children to an institution. However, her parents refused to send their daughter 25 . They just decided that they were going to 26 their daughter. Her mother tried getting her 27 to kindergarten, but many schools rejected her, claiming Heumann was a potential danger. 28 , she received 2 hours of homeschooling a week until she was in the 4th grade.
Eventually, Heumann was accepted into a New York City public school program for students with disabilities, but her life was 29 normal, disconnecting from the rest of the school. She persisted, becoming the first 30 from her grade school program to go to high school and eventually college. Her dream was to become a teacher. But since there'd never been a teacher hired in New York City who used a 31 , she knew there would be more 32 to overcome. She was 33 her teaching license by the Board of Education. Fortunately, a reporter 34 to her, and soon, two articles about her experience were 35 . Then, at age 22, Judy became the first teacher using a wheelchair hired in New York City.
21．A．had B．brought C．touched D．infected
22．A．escaped B．hurt C．survived D．recovered
23．A．little B．limited C．full D．flexible
24．A．impossible B．abnormal C．immoral D．uncommon
25．A．away B．out C．off D．over
26．A．care B．leave C．abandon D．support
27．A．adjusted B．addicted C．admitted D．adopted
28．A．Instead B．Besides C．Moreover D．Otherwise
29．A．nearly B．more than C．rather D．far from
30．A．teacher B．student C．volunteer D．visitor
31．A．walking stick B．wheelchair C．deaf-aid D．guide dog
32．A．barriers B．weaknesses C．differences D．failures
33．A．presented B．offered C．denied D．awarded
34．A．broke in B．reached out C．came over D．took apart
35．A．covered B．delivered C．published D．made

【答案】

21．A
22．C
23．B
24．D
25．A
26．D
27．C
28．A
29．D
30．B
31．B
32．A
33．C
34．B
35．C

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Judy Heumann在18个月大的时候就得了小儿麻痹症，虽然她活了下来，但病毒使她瘫痪，使得她的手和腿的使用受限。她的父母支持她，让她接受教育，她坚持了下来，成为了她小学课程中第一个上高中并最终上大学的学生。但由于纽约市从来没有聘用过使用轮椅的教师，她的教师执照被教育委员会吊销了。幸运的是，一位记者找到了她，很快，两篇关于她的经历的文章发表了。22岁时，Judy成为纽约市雇用的第一位使用轮椅的教师。
【21 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在18个月大的时候就得了小儿麻痹症。A. had有；B. brought带来；C. touched触碰；D. infected感染。根据后文“Polio at just 18 months old”指患有小儿麻痹症，应用have。故选A。
【22 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然她活了下来，但病毒使她瘫痪，使得她的手和腿的使用受限。A. escaped逃走；B. hurt伤害；C. survived幸存；D. recovered恢复。根据后文“the virus paralyzed her”可知她从这种疾病中幸存了下来，但是瘫痪了。故选C。
【23 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然她活了下来，但病毒使她瘫痪，使得她的手和腿的使用受限。A. little很少的；B. limited有限的；C. full完整的；D. flexible灵活的。根据上文“the virus paralyzed her, making her have”可知疾病使她瘫痪了，所以她的手和腿的使用受限。故选B。
【24 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在当时，父母把残疾孩子送进福利院并不罕见。A. impossible不可能的；B. abnormal反常的；C. immoral不道德的；D. uncommon不寻常的。根据后文“for parents send their disabled children to an institution. However, her parents refused to send their daughter”提到Heumann的父母拒绝把女儿送走，可推测当时父母把残疾孩子送进福利院并不是不寻常的事情。故选D。
【25 题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：然而，她的父母拒绝把女儿送走。A. away远离；B. out离开；C. off脱离；D. over越过。根据上文“However, her parents refused to send their daughter”可知指Heumann的父母拒绝把女儿送走，短语send sb. away“把某人送走”。故选A。
【26 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们只是决定要支持他们的女儿。A. care关心；B. leave离开；C. abandon抛弃；D. support支持。结合后文Heumann的母亲送她去上幼儿园，可知Heumann的父母决心支持女儿，让她在自己身边接受教育。故选D。
【27 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的母亲试图让她进入幼儿园，但许多学校都拒绝了她，称Heumann是一个潜在的危险。A. adjusted调整；B. addicted沉迷于；C. admitted承认，进入；D. adopted采取。根据后文“to kindergarten”指母亲试图让Heumann进入幼儿园，admit to“进入”。故选C。
28 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，在4年级之前，她每周接受2小时的家庭教育。A. Instead反而；B. Besides此外；C. Moreover而且；D. Otherwise否则。上文提到幼儿园不接收Heumann，所以她反而只能在家接受家庭教育，instead表示“反而，代替”符合语境。故选A。
【29 题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：最终，Heumann被纽约市一所专为残疾学生开设的公立学校录取，但她的生活非常不正常，与学校的其他部分脱节。A. nearly差不多；B. more than超过；C. rather而不是；D. far from完全不，远离。根据后文“normal, disconnecting from the rest of the school”可知，Heumann的生活非常不正常，与学校的其他部分脱节。故选D。
【30 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她坚持了下来，成为了她小学课程中第一个上高中并最终上大学的学生。A. teacher老师；B. student学生；C. volunteer志愿者；D. visitor游客。根据后文“from her grade school program to go to high school and eventually college”指Heumann成为了她小学课程中第一个上高中并最终上大学的学生。故选B。
【31 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但由于纽约市从来没有聘用过坐轮椅的教师，她知道还有更多的障碍需要克服。A. walking stick手杖；B. wheelchair轮椅；C. deaf-aid助听器；D. guide dog导盲犬。根据后文“first teacher using a wheelchair hired in New York City”以及上文提到Heumann因为得了小儿麻痹症，手和脚的使用受限，推测她需要坐轮椅，故选B。
【32 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但由于纽约市从来没有聘用过使用轮椅的教师，她知道还有更多的障碍需要克服。A. barriers障碍；B. weaknesses弱点；C. differences差异；D. failures失败。根据上文“since there'd never been a teacher hired in New York City who used a”以及后文“overcome”可知，纽约市从来没有聘用过使用轮椅的教师的先例，所以Heumann还有更多的障碍需要克服，后文教师执照被吊销也体现了她当老师遇到的障碍。故选A。
【33 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的教师执照被教育委员会吊销了。A. presented赠送；B. offered提议；C. denied拒绝；D. awarded授予。根据后文“her teaching license by the Board of Education”结合上文提到纽约市从来没有聘用过使用轮椅的教师的先例，可推测她的教师执照被教育委员会吊销了。故选C。
【34 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：幸运的是，一位记者找到了她，很快，两篇关于她的经历的文章发表了。A. broke in闯入；B. reached out伸出；C. came over顺便来访；D. took apart拆开。根据前后文“a reporter … to her”可知为短语reach out to sb.表示“联系某人”。故选B。
【35 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，一位记者找到了她，很快，两篇关于她的经历的文章发表了。A. covered覆盖；B. delivered递送；C. published出版；D. made制作。根据上文“two articles about her experience were”指关于Heumann的经历的文章发表，应用publish。故选C。

19． （湖北新高考9N联盟2022届高三联考）
One time, I was with a bunch of strangers in India. I was giving a(n) 21 about our products when power went out. It was in a dark hall, and I was with two other workmates. We were so 22 because we had invited all these people here. It was a 23 talk. We couldn't do anything about it. Our microphone(麦克风) was gone. There was no light. Everyone was sitting in 24 , and I couldn’t help but 25 , "Oh my goodness."
When the power went out, I felt like I should be in control of it, because I was 26 the event. While we were so embarrassed, we just kept 27 and talking in the dark, hoping people would stay. I felt it was really ridiculous because there were no windows and it was a dark hall.
All of a sudden, a man in the back put up his 28 , and put the little light from his phone on. Then two more people, then three people, finally the whole 29 came on, and everyone was 30 their light of their phone on us. It 31 the whole hall.
And so I got out my phone and took a 32 of everyone with their light shining at me. It was the most beautiful 33 —a feeling that we were all in this together. That was not anyone's fault, and we were just all here, 34 each other.
It was the most beautiful feeling of love from strangers I'd ever 35 .
21．A．concert B．presentation C．lecture D．instruction
22．A．frightened B．inspired C．embarrassed D．annoyed
23．A．public B．serious C．private D．superb
24．A．pleasure B．defence C．disorder D．darkness
25．A．resign B．sigh C．refer D．sign
26．A．hosting B．covering C．celebrating D．monitoring
27．A．setting outB．going about C．setting down D．going on
28．A．phone B．flash C．lamp D．light
29．A．students B．staff C．audience D．workmates
30．A．bringing B．shining C．gathering D．dawning
31．A．faded in B．went into C．filled in D．lit up
32．A．picture B．charge C．comfort D．notice
33．A．spot B．friction C．scene D．facility
34．A．teaching B．supporting C．appreciating D．devoting
35．A．spread B．found C．expressed D．experienced
【答案】

21．B
22．C
23．A
24．D
25．B
26．A
27．D
28．A
29．C
30．B
31．D
32．A
33．C
34．B
35．D

【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在印度进行一个产品演示的时候突然停电了，观众们拿出手机照亮了整个大厅，这让作者觉得这是作者经历过的最美妙的来自陌生人的爱的感觉。
【21 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我正在做关于我们产品的演示，突然停电了。A. concert音乐会； B. presentation演示；C. lecture讲座；D. instruction指导。由后文的“about our products when power went out”可知，我是正在做关于我们产品的演示，故选B。
【22 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们很尴尬，因为我们邀请了这么多人。A. frightened害怕的；B. inspired能力卓越的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. annoyed生气的。由“because we had invited all these people here”可知，我们邀请了这么多人，突然停电后我们应该是觉得尴尬，故选C。
【23 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一次公开演讲。A. public公开的；B. serious严肃的；C. private私人的；D. superb极好的。由前面的“It was in a dark hall”和“we had invited all these people here”可知，我们邀请了很多人，因此这是一次公开演讲，故选A。
【24 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都坐在黑暗中，我忍不住叹了口气，“哦，我的天哪。”A. pleasure快乐；B. defence保卫；C. disorder混乱；D. darkness黑暗。由“There was no light”可知，停电了没有光，每个人都坐在黑暗中。故选D。
【25 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个人都坐在黑暗中，我忍不住叹了口气，“哦，我的天哪。”A. resign辞职；B. sigh叹气；C. refer参考；D. sign签名。由上文停电了和后面的“Oh my goodness”可知，此处表示我在叹气，故选B。
【26 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：停电的时候，我觉得应该由我来控制，因为是我在主持这个活动。A. hosting主持；B. covering覆盖；C. celebrating庆祝；D. monitoring监视。由上文的“I should be in control of it”可知，我是在主持这个活动，故选A。
【27 题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：虽然我们很尴尬，但我们还是继续在黑暗中交谈，希望人们会留下来。A. setting out出发；B. going about走来走去；C. setting down写下；D. going on继续。由后文的“and talking in the dark”可知，虽然我们很尴尬，但我们还是继续在黑暗中交谈，空格处为“继续”，故选D。
【28 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，后面的一个人把手机拿起来，把手机上的小灯打开了。A. phone手机；B. flash闪光；C. lamp台灯；D. light光。由后文的“put the little light from his phone on”可知，那个人是把手机拿起来，把手机上的小灯打开了。故选A。
【29 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意： 然后又是两个人，然后是三个人，最后所有的观众都打开了手机，每个人都用手机的灯光照我们。A. students学生；B. staff全体职工；C. audience观众；D. workmates同事。由“everyone was____10____ their light of their phone”再结合作者当时在作产品演示报告可知，每个人都用手机的灯光照我们，因此是最后所有的观众都来了，故选C。
【30 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意： 然后又是两个人，然后是三个人，最后所有的观众都打开了手机，每个人都用手机的灯光照我们。A. bringing带来；B. shining照耀；C. gathering聚集；D. dawning破晓。由“their light of their phone on us”可知，每个人都用手机的灯光照我们，因此空格处为“照耀”，故选B。
【31 题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：它照亮了整个大厅。A. faded in淡入；B. went into进入；C. filled in填写；D. lit up照亮。由前面的“everyone was____10____ their light of their phone on us”可知，每个人都用手机的灯光照我们，因此是照亮了整个大厅，故选D。
【32 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是我拿出手机，给每个人拍了张照片，每个人都用手电筒照我。A. picture照片；B. charge负责；C. comfort安慰； D. notice通知。由“I got out my phone and took a ____12____ of everyone with their light shining at me”可知，我拿出手机，给每个人拍了张照片，每个人都用手电筒照我，take a picture of为固定短语，意为“给……拍照”，故选A。
【33 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是最美丽的场景——一种我们都在其中的感觉。A. spot斑点；B. friction摩擦力；C. scene场景；D. facility设施。结合上文内容可知，此处是指大家用手机帮我们照亮大厅的场景。故选C。
【34 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那不是任何人的错，我们只是在这里，互相支持。A. teaching教； B. supporting支持；C. appreciating感激；D. devoting奉献。停电的时候观众用手机的灯照亮了大厅，这是对彼此的一种支持，故选B。
【35 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我经历过的最美妙的来自陌生人的爱的感觉。A. spread传播；B. found找到；C. expressed表达；D. experienced经历。由“It was the most beautiful feeling of love from strangers I'd ever”可知，这是我经历过的最美妙的来自陌生人的爱的感觉，因此空格处为“经历”，故选D。

20． （江苏省如皋中学2021-2022学年高三测试）
The victims were carried in one by one, their paws and fur burned, suffering from dehydration(脱水) and fear. Their caretakers 21 their wounds, and 22  them in baskets with the only thing that was 23 －the leaves of eucalyptus (桉树) tree. As miserable fires have 24 more than 2 million acres in Australia, only dozens of koalas have been 25  from the smoky trees and 26  ground.
Koalas, unlike kangaroos, birds or snakes, do not 27  from fires but instead climb trees to the top, where they can curl themselves into a ball for 28  and wait for the danger to 29 .
But during big fires such as those that have burned in recent weeks, the animals are far less likely to 30 . Even if the fire itself does not reach the tree 31 , the animals may overheat and fall to the ground, where they can be burned to death.
The tough situation of the koala has raised 32  among scientists and conservationists(环保主义者). While koalas have developed to exist alongside the wildfires, they are facing new 33 , not just from climate change but also from human development, which has dislocated koalas' populations, 34  their ability to survive fires.
We have these 35  animals not found anywhere else on this planet, and we are killing them. This is a big wake-up call.
21．A．touched B．treated C．ignored D．discovered
22．A．threw B．locked C．laid D．forced
23．A．familiar B．plentiful C．tough D．flexible
24．A．reached B．left C．burned D．trapped
25．A．killed B．recognized C．hurt D．rescued
26．A．deadly B．black C．broad D．safe
27．A．escape B．die C．suffer D．rise
28．A．balance B．protection C．abortion D．comfort
29．A．attack B．come C．pass D．swap
30．A．jump B．climb C．fall D．survive
31．A．top B．leaves C．trunk D．root
32．A．passion B．concern C．fear D．interest
33．A．chances B．collisions C．neighbors D．threats
34．A．weakening B．developing C．enriching D．ensuring
35．A．shabby B．unprotected C．unconscious D．unique

【答案】

21．B
22．C
23．A
24．C
25．D
26．B
27．A
28．B
29．C
30．D
31．A
32．B
33．D
34．A
35．D

【解析】这是一篇新闻报道，介绍了澳大利亚的一场大火造成许多动物受伤，其中考拉伤亡严重，这次火灾警示世人保护动物。
【21 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：它们的护理员处理它们的伤口，把它们和唯一熟悉的东西——桉树的叶子一起放在篮子里。A. touched触碰，接触；B. treated对待，处理；C. ignored忽视，无视；D. discovered发现。根据空后的“their wounds”可知，此处表示“处理”它们的伤口。故选B。
【22 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意同上。A. threw投掷；B. locked把……锁起来；C. laid放置；D. forced强迫。根据空后的“them in baskets”可知，是把它们放在篮子里。故选C。
【23 题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意同上。A. familiar熟悉的；B. plentiful丰富的；C. tough艰苦的；D. flexible灵活的。根据空后的“the leaves of eucalyptus (桉树) tree”以及常识可知，考拉以采食桉树叶为主，因此桉树叶是它们熟悉的东西。故选A。
【24 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：在澳大利亚，可怕的大火已经烧毁了200多万英亩的土地，只有几十只考拉从烟雾缭绕的树林和黑色的土地中获救。A. reached到达；B. left离开；C. burned烧毁；D. trapped使……陷入险境，陷入圈套。根据空前的“miserable fires”可知，大火烧毁了200多万英亩的土地。故选C。
【25 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意同上。A. killed杀死；B. recognized认出，辨别；C. hurt伤害；D. rescued营救。结合上下文语境和“only dozens of koalas”可知，此处表示只有几十只考拉获救。故选D。
【26 题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意同上。A. deadly致命的；B. black黑色的；C. broad宽阔的；D. safe安全的。结合上文“miserable fires”可知，土地被烧过了就变成了黑土。故选B。
【27 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：考拉不像袋鼠、鸟或蛇，它们不从火中逃生，而是爬到树顶，在那里它们可以蜷缩成一个球来保护自己，等待危险过去。A. escape逃脱；B. die死亡；C. suffer遭受；D. rise上升，攀升。根据空后的“from fires but instead climb trees to the top”可知，它们不是从火中逃脱，而是爬到树的顶端。故选A。
【28 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意同上。A. balance平衡；B. protection保护；C. abortion流产；D. comfort安慰，舒适。根据空前的“curl themselves into a ball”可知，蜷缩成一个球是为了保护自己。故选B。
【29 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意同上。A. attack袭击，攻击；B. come来；C. pass通过，终止；D. swap交换。结合上文内容可知，考拉不会从火中逃脱，而是蜷缩成一个球保护自己，从而等待危险过去。故选C。
【30 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：但是在重大火灾中，比如最近几周发生的火灾中，这些动物存活的可能性要小得多。A. jump跳；B. climb爬；C. fall落下，掉落；D. survive幸存，生还。根据下文“the animals may over heat and fall to the ground, where they can be burned to death”可知，考拉在火灾中生还的几率还是很小的。故选D。
【31 题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：即使大火本身没有烧到树顶，这些动物可能会过热而掉到地上，在那里它们会被烧死。A. top顶部；B. leaves树叶；C. trunk树干；D. root根，根茎。根据上文“but instead climb trees to the top”可知，考拉会逃到树顶，但即使大火没有烧到树顶部，考拉也可能会由于温度过高而掉到地上。故选A。
【32 题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：考拉的困境引起了科学家和环保主义者的关注。A. passion热情；B. concern关心，关注；C. fear害怕；D. interest兴趣。根据空前的“The tough situation of the koala”可知，考拉的艰难处境引起科学家和环保人士的关注。故选B。
【33 题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：虽然考拉已经进化到可以在森林大火中生存，但它们面临着新的威胁，不仅来自气候变化，还来自人类的发展，人类的发展使考拉的数量发生了变化，削弱了它们在火灾中生存的能力。A. chances机会；B. collisions冲突；C. neighbors邻居；D. threats恐吓、威胁。根据空后的“not just from climate change but also from human development”可知，考拉也面临着新的生存威胁。故选D。
【34 题详解】考查动词辨析。句意同上。A. weakening削弱；B. developing发展；C. enriching充实，使……丰富；D. ensuring确保。根据语境和常识，人类的发展使考拉的数量发生了变化，削弱了它们在火灾中生存的能力，故选A。
【35 题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：我们有这些在这个星球上其他地方都找不到的独特的动物，我们正在杀死它们。A. shabby破旧的；B. unprotected未受保护的；C. unconscious无意识的；D. unique独一无二的。结合常识可知，考拉是澳大利亚的国宝，是独特的稀有物种。故选D。

21． （江苏省如东高级中学2021-2022学年高三检测）
Nancy is a kindergarten teacher in Mason City. One day Camden, one of the 4-year-old boys in her class, came to her with a 21 about his dad, Derreld. Nancy's heart 22 seeing this little boy so 23 and upset. She promised Camden that she would do whatever she could to assist. He believed her and knew that she would keep her 24
The moment school was out, Nancy rushed to the 25 . She had done all the required tests and 26 all the necessary paperwork. Finally, she was given the 27 by her doctors, and she was told that she was a 28 match.
The day had finally arrived. The doctors that were 29 the procedure were the best transplant surgeons in the hospital. In fact, 30 the surgeons had done everything in their power for the procedure to be a success, there were no 31 . There was always that chance that it wouldn't work. 32 ， Derreld's body accepted Nancy's kidney (肾)・
A teacher's 33 is to teach the kids in her class information that will help them for the rest of their school career and life. However, this teacher went 34 her duty when one of her pupils 35 her.
21．A．gift B．secret C．note D．promise
22．A．pounded B．failed C．raced D．sank
23．A．sad B．excited C．curious D．annoyed
24．A．position B．state C．word D．balance
25．A．house B．playground C．hospital D．office
26．A．filled out B．looked through C．took down D．handed out
27．A．advice B．permission C．medicine D．refusal
28．A．worrying B．temporary C．perfect D．abnormal
29．A．making B．using C．following D．performing
30．A．if B．even though C．the instant D．when
31．A．results B．rewards C．guarantees D．qualities
32．A．Fortunately B．Normally C．Initially D．Directly
33．A．expectation B．honour C．description D．responsibility
34．A．beyond B．within C．towards D．opposite
35．A．scared B．comforted C．trusted D．suspected

【答案】

21．B
22．D
23．A
24．C
25．C
26．A
27．B
28．C
29．D
30．B
31．C
32．A
33．D
34．A
35．C

【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位老师信守诺言，为自己的一名学生的父亲捐肾的故事。
【21 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，Camden，她班上四岁的男孩之一，来找她，告诉她一个关于他父亲Derreld的秘密。A. gift礼物；B. secret秘密；C. note笔记；D. promise承诺。由下文描述可知，小男孩的父亲需要肾移植，小男孩把这个秘密告诉了老师Nancy。故选B。
【22 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到这个小男孩如此伤心难过，Nancy的心情低沉。A. pounded连续砰砰地猛击；B. failed失败；C. raced和……比赛；D. sank下沉。根据常识和空后seeing this little boy so 　　3　　 and upset. 可知，得知小男孩父亲的遭遇，并看到小男孩难过，所以Nancy的心情低沉。故选D。
【23 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. sad悲伤的；B. excited激动的；C. curious悲伤的；D. annoyed恼怒的。由下文 upset可知，空处需用sad，表示小男孩伤心难过。故选A。
【24 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他相信她，知道她会信守诺言。A. position位置；B. state状况，状态；C. word诺言；D. balance平衡。由He believed her可知，小男孩相信老师会信守诺言。故选C。
【25 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校一放学，Nacncy就赶到医院。A. house房屋；B. playground操场；C. hospital医院；D. office办公室。根据后文Finally, she was given the 　7　 by her doctors,可知，Nancy去了医院。故选C。
【26 题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她已经完成了所有必需的检查，并填写了所有必需的文件。A. filled out填写；B. looked through浏览；C. took down取下，记下；D. handed out分发。根据空后all the necessary paperwork及下文做手术可知，手术之前应签署各种文件。故选A。
【27 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，她得到了医生的允许，并被告知她是一个完美的匹配。A. advice建议；B. permission许可； C. medicine药；D. refusal拒绝。由后文Nancy捐肾的事情可知，Nancy捐肾的请求得到了医生的允许。故选B。
【28 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. worrying令人担心的；B. temporary短暂的；C. perfect完美的；D. abnormal非正常的。根据下文Derreld's body accepted Nancy's kidney (肾)・可知，Nancy的肾与男孩父亲完美匹配。故选C。
【29 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：执行手术的医生是医院里最好的移植外科医生。A. making做；B. using使用；C. following跟随；D. performing做，表演。根据the procedure可知，执行手术的医生是医院里最好的移植外科医生。故选D。
【30 题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：事实上，即使外科医生们竭尽全力让手术成功，但也不能保证手术成功。A. if如果；B. even though即使；C. the instant一……就； D. when当……时候。由下文“There was always that chance that it wouldn't work.”可知，即便配型成功，移植手术也不能保证一定成功。故选B。
【31 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. results结果；B. rewards奖励，回报；C. guarantees保证；D. qualities质量。根据后文There was always that chance that it wouldn't work.可知，不能保证手术成功。故选C。
【32 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运地是，Derreld的身体接受了Nancy的肾。A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Normally正常地； C. Initially最初；D. Directly直接地。根据后文Derreld's body accepted Nancy's kidney (肾)・可知，因为他们肾配型成功，所以这很幸运。故选A。
【33 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：教师的职责是在课堂上教给孩子们知识，这些知识将帮助他们度过余生。A. expectation期待；B. honour荣誉；C. description描述；D. responsibility职责，责任。根据空后to teach the kids in her class information that will help them for the rest of their school career and life.可知，此处是在谈论教师的职责。故选D。
【34 题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：但是，当一位学生“信任”她时，这位老师超越了她的职责。A. beyond超出；B. within在……里面； C. towards朝向；D. opposite在……对面。Nancy为男孩的父亲捐肾，所以Nancy老师的付出远远超出了教师本应承担的责任。故选A。
【35 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. scared使害怕；B. comforted安慰；C. trusted信任；D. suspected怀疑。空处需用动词trusted与第一段中的语句“She promised...He believed her...”相呼应，升华了坚守诺言的主题。故选C。

22． （山东省青岛市2021-2022学年高三测试）
She is over a century old,but she hasn 't let that stop her from working.At 102,Romay Davis 21 drives herself to the grocery store each day for 22 .
Now,during Black History Month,Davis is being honored for her 23 with a grant（拨款）be named after her.Through the Romay Davis Grant Program,charities will receive 24 in the fight for racial equality and social 25 .Davis is 26 of the grant in her name as she is a pioneer herself.She served in the first all-Black Women Army 27 overseas during World War II.Then after the war,she started her 28 in fashion as a designer in model in New York for 30 years.Throughout her life,she 's also 29 other milestones including a master 's degree,Black Belt in Taekwondo（跆拳道）and more.She 30 for the first time in 1982.After her husband died in 2001,she 31 to go back to work and was 32 by the grocery store in Winn-Dixiein 2001 at the age of82.In 2019.Romay 33 her 100th birthday."As we celebrate Ms.Romay,we are all moved by her life-long 34 and strong work ethic（职业道德）,which 35 others to be their best,"said Anthony Hucker,CEO of Winn-Dixie,Southeastern Grocers.
21．A．often B．still C．skillfully D．yet
22．A．work B．shopping C．pleasure D．fun
23．A．jobs B．ages C．stores D．contributions
24．A．criticism B．support C．benefit D．information
25．A．justice B．skill C．life D．development
26．A．fond B．aware C．worthy D．sure
27．A．required B．rooted C．organized D．stationed
28．A．style B．career C．study D．adventure
29．A．missed B．found C．planned D．achieved
30．A．fought B．pursued C．retired D．failed
31．A．refused B．feared C．mentioned D．decided
32．A．hired B．met C．paid D．offered
33．A．celebrated B．passed C．interviewed D．employed
34．A．sympathy B．independence C．devotion D．dream
35．A．reminds B．inspires C．advises D．leads

【答案】

21．B
22．A
23．D
24．B
25．A
26．C
27．D
28．B
29．D
30．C
31．D
32．A
33．A
34．C
35．B

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了Romay Davis个人经历以及所取得的成就，她激励着其他人做到最好。
【21 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：102岁的Romay Davis仍然每天自己开车去杂货店工作。A. often经常；B. still仍然；C. skillfully熟练地；D. yet 但是。根据下文“but she hasn 't let that stop her from working”可知，102岁的Romay Davis仍然每天自己开车去杂货店工作。故选B项。
【22 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：102岁的Romay Davis仍然每天自己开车去杂货店工作。A. work工作；B. shopping购物；C. pleasure快乐； D. fun乐。根据下文“but she hasn 't let that stop her from working”以及“go back to work and was ____12____ by the grocery store in Winn-Dixiein 2001 at the age of82”可知，102岁的Romay Davis仍然每天自己开车去杂货店工作。故选A项。
【23 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，在黑人历史月，Davis因她的贡献而受到表彰，一项拨款以她的名字命名。 A. jobs工作；B. ages年龄；C. stores 商店； D. contributions贡献。根据“Davis is being honored for her”以及“she is a pioneer herself”可知，Davis因她的贡献而受到表彰。故选D项。
【24 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过Romay Davis赠款计划，慈善机构将在争取种族平等和社会正义的斗争中获得支持。 A. criticism批评；B. support支持；C.benefit益处；D.information信息。根据“Through the Romay Davis Grant Program”可知，慈善机构获得支持。故选B项。
【25 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过Romay Davis赠款计划，慈善机构将在争取种族平等和社会正义的斗争中获得支持。A. justice公平；B. skill技能；C. life生活； D. development发展。根据“racial equality”可知，慈善机构将在争取种族平等和社会正义的斗争中获得支持。故选A项。
【26 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Davis 名副其实，因为她自己就是个先锋。A. fond喜欢的； B. aware有意识的；C. worthy值得的；D. sure确定的。根据“as she is a pioneer herself”可知，Davis 名副其实。故选C项。
【27 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二次世界大战期间，她在第一支驻扎于海外的全黑人女兵部队服役。A. required要求； B.rooted根植于；C.organized组织；D.stationed使驻扎。根据“overseas during World War II.”可知，她在第一支驻扎于海外的全黑人女兵部队服役。故选D项。
【28 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：战后，她开始了自己的时尚生涯，在纽约当了30年的模特设计师。A. style风格；B. career职业；C. study学习； D. adventure冒险。根据“as a designer in model in New York for 30 years.”可知，，她开始了自己的时尚生涯。故选B项。
【29 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她的一生中，她还取得了其他里程碑式的成就，包括硕士学位、跆拳道黑带等。A. missed错过；B. found发现；C.planned 计划；D.achieved完成，获得。根据“including a master 's degree,Black Belt in Taekwondo（跆拳道）and more.”可知，在她的一生中，她还取得了其他里程碑式的成就。故选D项。
【30 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在1982年第一次退休。A. fought打仗；B. pursued 追求；C. retired 退休；D. failed失败。根据下文“go back to work”可知，她在1982年第一次退休。故选C项。
【31 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2001年丈夫去世后，她决定重返工作岗位，并于2001年在82岁时受雇于Winn-Dixiein的一家杂货店。A. refused拒绝； B. feared 害怕；C.mentioned 提及；D.decided决定。根据上文“After her husband died in 2001”可知，2001年丈夫去世后，她决定重返工作岗位。故选D项。
【32 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2001年丈夫去世后，她决定重返工作岗位，并于2001年在82岁时受雇于Winn-Dixiein的一家杂货店。A. hired雇佣；B. met见面；C. paid支付；D. offered提供。根据上文“go back to work”可知，她于2001年在82岁时受雇于Winn-Dixiein的一家杂货店。故选A项。
【33 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在2019年，Romay Davis庆祝了她的100岁生日。A. celebrated庆祝； B.passe通过；C.interviewed面试；D.employed雇佣。根据下文“celebrate”可知，Romay Davis庆祝了她的100岁生日。故选A项。
34 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都被她毕生的奉献精神和强烈的职业道德所感动，她激励其他人做到最好。A. sympathy同情； B. independence独立； C.devotion热爱；D.dream梦想。根据下文“strong work ethic（职业道德）”以及上文“contributions”可知，我们都被她毕生的奉献精神和强烈的职业道德所感动。故选C项。
【35 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都被她毕生的奉献精神和强烈的职业道德所感动，她激励其他人做到最好。A. reminds提醒；B. inspires鼓励；C. advises 建议；D. leads引导。根据上文“we are all moved”可知，她激励其他人做到最好。故选B项。