主谓一致（含答案）——【中考二轮专题复习】2023年英语知识点专题精讲精练学案
展开主谓一致
考点一 主谓一致
- 语法一致原则
使用情况 | 例句 |
“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、v- ing形式(短语)、从句”等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式. | The girl is fond of singing． Reading is learning． What he said is right. |
表示可数名词复数、代词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 . | The students are having their Chinese class． |
both...and...连接主语时,谓语动词用复数形式. | both Peter and Mike come from England． |
只有复数形式的名词(glasses,shorts,trousers,jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式. | Jack’s glasses are broken． Linda’s shoes are black and blue． |
不定代词 another, each one,either,neither,the other, somebody,someone,something,nobody,everybody,everyone, everything,nothing,anything, anyone,no one等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 . | Something is wrong with my computer． I called you last night, but nobody was in． Nobody believes it. |
“分数或百分数＋名词”作主语或“a lot of/lots of, plenty of, most of＋名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式与名词保持一致 . | Two thirds of the work has been finished． Most of the books are written in English． |
- 意义一致原则
使用情况 | 例句 |
某些集体名词(family, class, team, group等)指整体时,谓语动词用单数形式; 如果指集体中的成员时,谓语动词用复数形式 . | His family isn’t large． His family are watching sports games． |
某些名词(如people, police等)形式上是单数,但 意义上是复数,因此谓语动词常用复数形式 . | The police are searching for the murder． |
以-ics结尾的学科名称,如physics(物理) ,politics(政治)等,以及news(消息)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式. | Physics is my favorite subject． No news is good news． |
“the＋某些形容词”可以表示一类人,作主语时,谓 语动词用复数形式 . | The young are energetic． |
某些代词或短语如half(of), the rest(of)等作主语时,谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数. | Half of the work has been finished． Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time． |
表示时间、重量、距离、金钱等的复数名词、短语作 主语时, 常将其看作一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式. | Two months is a long holiday． Ten yuan is enough． |
The number of+复数名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。 A number of+复数名词做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
| The number of boys in our class is 25. The number of boys are playing basketball on the playground. |
- 就近一致原则
使用情况 | 例句 |
由not only...but also..., either...or..., neither...nor...连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词常与靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致 . | Neither you nor he is wrong． Not only Jim but also his friends are Enjoying the film． |
在there be句型中,如果有两个或两个以上的主语时, 动词be的数一般依据就近一致原则,与靠近它的主 语在数上保持一致 . | There are two plates and a fork on the plate． There is an orange and two pears in the basket． |
- 就远一致原则
主语后面跟with, together with, along with, as well as, including, but, except, besides,rather than等词或短语时, 谓语动词的数与离它较远的主语数保持一致. | A teacher, together with some students, is standing at the gate． |
主谓一致(1)
1.Either the students or the teacher_____ him very well.
A.knows B.to know C.know D.knew
2.Each of us_____ a life goal, which will guide us to a bright future.
A.has B.have C.will have D.had
3.The scientist and inventor _____famous around the world at present.
A.are B.was C.were D.is
4.Neither my sister nor I_____ been to Xi'an before.
A.have never B.have ever C.has never D.has ever
5.Not only Jack but also I______ crazy about the football match.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
6.Peter with his classmates______ for the bus when the earthquake happened.
A.is waiting B.was waiting C.are waiting D.were waiting
7.—The number of tourists _____over 33 million this year.
—Yes. A large number of tourists_____ so far because of the new look of our city.
- is; have come B.is; has come C.are; has come D.are; have come
8.—People,especially the young, _____by their friends.
—That's true.Friends play an important part in everyone's life.
A.easily influences B.is easily influenced
C.are easily influenced D.influenced easily
9.One of my friends _____moved to America. I miss her so much.
A.has B.have C.are D.is
10._____of students in our class_____going to the summer camp in Beijing next week.
- Two fifths; is B. Second fifths; are C. Second fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
11. —What’s in the picture on the wall? —There __________ a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.
- has B. are C. is D. have
12.—The number of tourists____ over 33 million this year.
—Yes.A large number of tourists_____so far because of the new look of our city.
A.is; have come B.is; has come C.are; has come
13.—How many _____doctors are there in your hospital, David?
— ______them _____over one hundred.
A.woman; The number of; is
B.women; A number of; are
C.women; The number of; is
14.Everyone_____ in my class except Tom and Mary to Beijing.
A.have been B.have gone C.has been
15.-Listen! There ____ someone___at the door.
-It must be your brother.
- is,knocking B.is,knock C.are,knocking D.are,knock
【参考答案】
语法综合演练
1.A 考查主谓一致及一般现在时。分析句子结构可知此句缺少谓语动词,讲述客观情况用一般现在时;either…or…连接两个主语时谓语动词遵循“就近原则”,the teacher是单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故选A。
2.A 考查主谓一致和时态。主句的主语Each of us是单数,谓语动词应该用has。故选A。
3.D
4.B 考查主谓一致及副词辨析。neither…nor…意为“既不……也不……”,它连接两个并列成分在句中作主语的时候,后面的动词遵循“就近原则”,又因neither…nor…表示否定,而never也表示否定,二者不能重复。故选B。
5.A 考查主谓一致。not only…but also…连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”,此句靠近谓语的主语是I,所以动词用am。故选A。
6.B 考查过去进行时和主谓一致。动作发生在过去具体的时间点或时间段内,要用过去进行时。with短语表伴随,所以句子的主语是Peter。故选B。
7.A 考查主谓一致。the number of意为“……的数量”,作主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式;a large number of 意为“许多的;大量的”,后跟可数名词复数,作主语时,其后的谓语动词用复数形式。故选A。
8.C 考查主谓一致及被动语态。句中主语People与谓语动词influence之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;而且People表示复数,谓语动词也用复数形式。故选C。
9.A 考查主谓一致。One of my friends“我的一个朋友”是第三人称单数。故选A。
10. D【解析】句意：我们班五分之二的学生打算下周去北京参加夏令营。表达分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，因此五分之二的表达应该是two fifths，排除B、C；分数后面的名词为复数名词students，根据主谓一致的原则，只能用are，故答案选D。
11. C 【解析】there be句型表示某地有某物，用此句型不能再由have；此句型有个就近原则，be动词的选择取决于与之挨着的名词。名词的可数名词单数或者是不可数名词的话就用is，是复数名词用are。根据句中的a teacher可以判断be动词用is。故选C。
12.A 考查主谓一致。固定用法:the number of意为“……的数量”,作主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式;a large number of 意为“许多的;大量的”,后跟可数名词复数作主语时,谓语用复数形式。故选A。
13.C 第一个空作定语修饰doctors。man,woman等名词作定语时,要与后面的名词在数上保持一致,可先排除A项;由疑问词how many可知答语应为医生的数量,“the number of+可数名词的复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。故选C。
14.C 考查主谓一致。该句主语为不定代词everyone, 不定代词作主语,看作单数。故选C。
15.A 考查固定搭配。There be+sb/sth doing的结构。
主谓一致(2)
1.Eighty percent of the students_____ in this school three to five times a week.
A.exercises B.exercise C.exercising
2.Either the students or the teacher____ him very well.
A.knows B.to know C.know
3.—What's in the picture on the wall?
—There_____ a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.
A.has B.are C.is
4.Mr. Wang together with his wife____ a walk after dinner.
A.enjoys taking B.enjoy taking C.enjoys to take
5.Neither my sister nor I____ been to Xi'an before.
A.have never B.have ever C.has never
6.Not only you but also I ____interested in the cartoon called Peppa Pig.
A.am B.is C.are
7.Peter with his classmates____ for the bus when the earthquake happened.
A.is waiting B.was waiting C.are waiting
8.The number of the students_____ over 2,000 in our school.
A.is B.are C.was
9.Three years______ and we've made so many friends during our junior high school.
A.has passed B.has past C.have passed
10.Both Lily and Lucy ____to the party yesterday, but they didn't come at all.
A.were invited B.was invited C.invited
11.Eating too much junk food____ not good for our health.
A.am B.is C.are
12.The singer and actor___ very friendly.
A.seem B.seemed C.seems
13.The poor____ given a lot of everyday things.
A.has been B.have been C.has
14.The Greens_____ decided to buy a new house near Meixi Lake.
A.has B.have C.are
15.This pair of shoes _____comfortable and you can have a try.
A.is B.am C.are
【参考答案】
1.B2.A
3.C 考查there be 句型。there be 句型遵循就近原则,和be靠近的是a teacher,是单数形式,因此be动词应用is。故选C。
4.A5.B
6.A 考查主谓一致。not only…but also连接并列的主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则,即靠近动词的主语决定谓语动词的形式。根据空格前面的主语I可知be动词要用am。故选A。
7.B 考查过去进行时和主谓一致。动作发生在过去具体的时间点或时间段内,要用过去进行时。with短语表伴随,所以,句子的主语是Peter,故答案选B。
8.A9.A10.A11.B12.C13.B14.B15.A
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