介词(含答案)——【中考二轮专题复习】2023年英语知识点专题精讲精练学案
展开中考介词
考点一 常用介词种类
种类 | 例词 |
表示时间 | in, at, on, since, for, during, until, by,before, past, after等 |
表示方位 | in, at, on, in front of, between...and, behind, beside, near, under, next to等 |
其他 | by, to, like, unlike, of, except, about, against,with,without等 |
一.时间介词用法
1. in,on,at
at后加时间点和固定搭配中:at 6 o'clock;at noon,at night
in后面加世纪、年份、季节、月份、上午、下午、晚上;in the morning;in May
on后面加星期,日期和具体某一天的早中晚:on Monday; on a cold day ; on September 9th
- in和after
in后面接时间段, 意为“在之后”, 用于将来时态;
而after后加时间段,意为“在之后”, 要用于一般过去时.
We will be back in two days.
After he heard that, he left quickly.
- for和since
在表示时间时,一般用于完成时, for与时间段连用,since与时间点连用.
如 : for 3 years; since 1997;since 3 years ago
二、方位介词用法
- 常规考点:in, at, on, in front of(在...前面), between...and(在...之间), behind(在...后面),beside, near, next to(在...旁边),under(在...下面),等
- 特殊考点:
in“在...内”:Taiwan is in the southeast of China.
on“与...相邻”:North Korea is on the northeast of China.
to“与...不相邻”:Japan lies to the northeast of China.
三、with,in和by表材料,方式。
这三者都可以译为“用”, 但用法不同:
with表示用某种工具, 所用的东西都是具体的物品;
in 表示用某种材料 、语言 、声调等;
by表示用某种方法或手段, 多指使用某种交通工具.
Can you say it in Chinese?
We see with eyes.
He goes to school by bus.
四、易混介词
1. between表示“在两者之间”, 而among表示“在三者或三者以上之中”.
He is the taller one between them.
Mary is the tallest among the girls.
- 表示方位时,on表示一个物体的位置在另一个物体之上,两者的表面相接触;
above表示一个物体比另一个物体所处的位置高,通常两个物体表面不接触;
over表示“在的正上方”, 强调在垂直的上方.
My keys are on the desk.
The light is above her head.
The plane is flying over the river.
- besides和except都可译为“除之外”, 但含义不同。
besides表示“除以外(还有)”,包含在内。
except表示“除了.......之外,没有”,不包含在内。
We all had fun besides him.除了他以外, 我们玩得很开心。(他也开心)
We all had fun except him.除了他以外, 我们玩得很开心. (他不开心 )
- instead of意为“代替”,后面接名词、代词或动词-ing形式; 而instead是副词, 意为“代替 ”,在句子中作状语, 后面不能接任何成分.
He will go abroad instead of his sister.
Let’s go to the zoo instead.
- across和 through都用于表示“穿过 , 越过”,
across含有“从表面穿过”之意, 表示动作是在某个物体表面进行;
through含有“从中间穿过”之意, 表示动作是在某一物体内或空间里进行.
Don’t run across the street.
She went through the forest.
- in front of和in the front of只差一个定冠词the,但用法不同。
前者意为“在(外部空间)的前面”,前后所指的内容不存在包含关系;
而后者意为“在(内部空间)的前部”,前后所指的内容存在包含关系;
She is siting in the front of the classroom.
The bank is in front of the park.
- In the tree和on the tree都可以译为“在树上”,但用法不同:
前者 in the tree一般指本身不是树上的事物,而on the tree一般指树上本身长的东西.
There is a kite in the tree.
There are some apples on the tree.
介词短语:
- in系列:
in half 分成两半 in fact 事实上in pubic 公开地 in danger 处于危险中 in person 亲自
in doubt 怀疑地 in return 作为回报 in short 总之 in total 总共 in time 及时
in turn 轮流 in surprise 吃惊地
- on 系列:
on fire 着火 on time 准时 on weekends在周末 on the weekdays 在工作日on business 出差 on duty 值日 on foot =walk 步行on holiday 度假 on sale 打折出售 for sale 待售中
- by系列
by accident=by chance偶然 by hand 手工地 by mistake 错误地 make mistakes 犯错误
- at 系列
at the same time 与此同时 at times= from time to time 有时 偶尔at present 现在
at home在家 at school在学校 at work 在工作 at least至少 at most 至多
at first =first of all =to begin with=to start with 首先 at last=in the end =finally最后
at once 立刻 立即 at the moment 在目前
其他:
thanks to 幸亏 由于after all 毕竟across from 在…对面because of 因为
from now on从现在开始from then on从那时起
专题:介词
单选题
1.--When did your pen pal arrive _______ Beijing?
--He got here_______ the morning of the 9th of June.
A. at; in B. in; in C. to; on D. in; on
2.Lin Shuhao put all his effort _____ basketball training and _____ great progress at last.
A. into; made a B. to; made C. into; made D. to; made a
3. —Would you like some coffee?
—Yes, and please get me some milk, too. I prefer coffee ____milk.
A. to B. with C. then D. of
4.The experts think that India’s population may be ____ than China’s ____ 2020.
5.5.---__________ take out the trash after dinner?
---Yes, sure.
A. How about B. Would you mind
C. Would you like D. Could you please
6.We all think is kind you to give your seat to a young lady with a baby in her arms yesterday.
A.that, for B.it, for
C.it, of D.that, of
7.Ninety-six people lost their lives in a plane crash on April 10th, 2010, _________the Polish president and his wife.
A. except B. beyond C. between D. including
8.Everything begins to grow ______spring.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
9.I’m sorry I didn’t recognize your voice just now. It sounded quite different ______ the phone.
A. from B. through
C. on D. by
10.Mr Right had to sell the house even though it was his own wishes.
A. below B. over C. above D. against
11. -Please look ________ the pictures above and answer my questions.
-Yes, sir.
A. on B. over C. up D. at
12. John hit Jack ______ nose.
A. on the B. in the C. on his D. in his
13. -Look ! There is a hole the wall. The mouse must run away from here.
-I think so. If there is not a picture the hole, we can easily find it.
A. in; in the front of B. on; in the front of
C. on; in front of D. in; in front of
14.14.Later I knew what he did was far _______ my imagination. He was quite generous.
A. beyond B. past C. across D. through
15.–What about going to the movie tonight, Alan?
--Sorry, I am busy ____ a report. ______, it is raining cats and dogs.
A. in, Besides B. with, Besides
C. in, Except D. with, Except
16.—You’ve won the drawing competition. Congratulations! Among all the pictures in the competition,I found _______was really amazing. By the way, when did you draw it?
—During the trip to the Sydney Opera House _______ September.
A. yours; in B. yours; on C. you; in D. you; on
17.Jim often goes to school _____ bike. He likes cycling very much.
A. of B. at C. by D. in
18._____ they believe enjoying a sports team is a good way ______ new friends, I would like to attend community activities to widen my social circle.
A. As; to make B. Although; of making
C. As if; making D. As; making
19.—Did you study any other foreign language ____English when you were at college?
—Yes,I studied three.But I have forgotten all ____a few words of each.
A. besides,besides B. but,except C. except,except D. besides,except
20.The CCTV Spring Festival Gala(春晚) of 2017 held _______the eve of the lunar new year.This is ______amazing and traditional ceremony, which is also one of _______ most important celebration customs for all Chinese people.
A. on, an,the B. on,an,a C. in,a,the
专题: 介词
1.D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:-你的笔友什么时候到达的北京?-他是在6月9号的早上到的这里。arrive 的意思是到达,是一个不及物动词,表示到达大地方后跟介词in;到达小地方后跟介词at。北京应该是大地方,故第一个空应该是in;第二空表示具体某一天的早上,应该用介词on。故选D。
2.C
【解析】put…into表示将…放入,make great progress,表示取得巨大进步。故选C
3.B
【解析】本题考查介词。with在此表示伴随状况,表示“伴有”,故选B。句意:——想来点咖啡吗?——是的,也给我来点牛奶,我喜欢咖啡加牛奶。
A. much; by B. more; in C. larger; by4.C
【解析】表示人口多少要用large或small, 排除A、B。句意:专家认为到2020年印度的人口可能会多于中国的。
5.D
【解析】试题分析:How about你认为……怎么样;Would you mind你介意……吗;Would you like你想……吗;Could you please你能……吗。句意:饭后你能把来及扔出去吗?——是的,当然了。结合语境可知选D。
6.C
【解析】
试题分析:句意为:我们都认为昨天你把座位让给抱小孩的妇女是好心的。这是一个宾语从句,从句带有一个固定句型“it is +形容词+of/for +sb +to do sth”。句中如果形容词指的是人的品质,则应用of。根据语境,这里形容词指的是人的品质,即you are kind(你是好心的),故选C。
7.D
【解析】考查介词的用法。句意“96人在2010年4月10日那场撞机中丧生,包括波兰总统和他夫人。”except“除了”;beyond“超过”;between“在......之间”;including“包括”,常放在名词或代词前面;include放在名词后用included。故选D。
8.A
【解析】在春天要用介词in
9.C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:对不起我刚才没有听出你的声音,它在电话里听起来相当不一样。此处指“在电话里”应用介词on,注意不要思维定势用“be different from”,故选C。
10.D
【解析】试题分析:句意:Mr Right不得不卖掉房子,尽管他违背他的愿望。Be against sth表示反对某事。根据句意,故选D。
11.D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:--请看以上图片并回答我的问题。look over仔细检查;look up,查找;look at,看……; look on旁观。结合句意,故选D。
12.A
【解析】固定短语hit sb on + the +身体部位表示打在某人的某处,注意应用the而不是one’s 。 句意:约翰打了杰克的鼻子。
13.D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:-看,在墙上有个洞。老鼠肯定从这里逃跑了。--我认为如此,如果没有一张图片在洞上,我们也许能很容易找到它。陷在里面的用介词in,物体表面上用介词on, 在事物的外部的前面用in front of;在事物内部的前面用in the front of ,结合句意可知图片在洞外面的前面,故选D。
14.A
【解析】试题分析:句意:之后,我知道了他所做的远远超出我所想的,他是十分慷慨的。 Be far beyond 远远超,根据句意,故选A。
15.B
【解析】试题分析:句意:—Alan,今晚去看电影怎么样?—对不起,我在忙着一个报告,并且下着倾盆大雨。根据句意第一空“忙着做某事”是be busy with sth.;第二空“并且”应用介词besides,故选B。
16.A
【解析】此题重点考查名词性的物主代词,其可以单独使用,yours=your picture在几月份要用介词in.
17.C
【解析】试题分析:句意:吉姆经常骑自行车去学校。他非常喜欢骑自行车。Of……的;at在;by在……旁边,表示方式,由于,经过;in在……里。表示乘坐某一种交通工具常用介词by,所以选C。
18.B
【解析】句意:虽然他们认为欣赏一个运动队是结交新朋友的一个好方法,但是我愿意参加社区活动来扩宽我的社交圈。as作为,是介词;当...时候,引导时间状语从句;因为,引导原因状语从句;尽管,引导让步状语从句,从句中应使用倒装结构;although虽然,尽管,引导让步状语从句;as if好像,引导方式状语从句或表语从句。根据句意第一个空应用although。第二个空是短语a good way of doing sth.一个做某事的好方法,介词短语做后置定语。故选B。
19.D
【解析】试题分析:——除去英语之外,你在大学里还学了其他外语了吗?——是的,我学了3种。但除去几个单词外,我都忘记了。Besides意为“除------之外(包括在内)”,常与other,another,any other,else等连用;except意为“除------之外(不包括在内)”,指从整体中除去except所带的人或物,常与all,any,every,no以及其他复合词连用。故选D。
20.A
【解析】句意:2017年春节联欢晚会在农历新年前夕举行。这是一个惊人的、传统的仪式,也是对于所有中国人来说最重要的庆祝春节的仪式之一。考查介词和冠词的用法。具体某一天的晚上用on,故第一空填on;amazing为元因发音开头,故第二空填an;最高级前加定冠词,故第三空填the.因此答案为A。
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