【中考二轮题型复习】2023年中考英语全国通用题型分类汇编学案——专题07 语法填空

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专题07 语法填空 题型概述中考英语将取消单项填空题,推出语法填空题,把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中进行,旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。它不但要求考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力,而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。一篇文章10个空,每空1分。其中,一般7个空是有提示词的,相当于用所给词的正确形式填空;另外3个是没有提示词的,需要我们填入连词,代词,介词,冠词等虚词。  方法技巧题型一、已给单词提示题型的技巧此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。技巧一：名词形式变化名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。【典例】：There are many students living at school，the          (child) houses are all far from schoo1．由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式—— 复数的所有格children’s。技巧二：动词形式变化动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。【典例】：A talk        (give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.句中的is written是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。技巧三：代词形式变化代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等。【典例】：The king decided to see the painter by        (he).由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和．est，或在词前Imore／less和most／least，且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。例：I am— —(tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class．此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。技巧五：数词形式变化数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one／two的特殊变化形式 once／twice【典例】：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses．My eldest son shall take a half，my second son shall take a             (three).从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。技巧六：词的派生词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。【典例】：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，SO he was very____(happiness)．在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。题型二、未给单词提示题型的技巧技巧七：固定短语结构根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。【典例】：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy.从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enj0y oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。【典例】：His boss was____angry as to fire him．如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to...，所以，so是正解。技巧八：从句引导词从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。【典例】：He did not done_____his father had asked him to do．审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。【典例】：Those_____want to go to the village must sign here．经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who，在定语从句中做主语。技巧九：短语动词结构短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。【典例】：The us consists____fifty states．根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由......组成”，所以答案是of。【典例】：Mrs Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for leave to take_____of her．生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。技巧十：短语介词结构短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。【典例】：Mr Smith took a plane to London____of taking a train.此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。【典例】：Just then，he saw a blackboard in_____of him.细心观察，可以看出填人fr0nt即可构成in front of，此题得解。技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，not only…but also...等。【典例】：Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_____his family was too poor．此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。【典例】：____Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre．横线处的词与后面可以构成both?and，故答案为Both。技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等。【典例】：Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed．这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。【典例】：Old Tom’s granddaughter used to visit him_____Saturday afternoon．Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。【典例】：Though Liu Qiang did the same work____Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay______Zhang Wen.第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为than。【典例】：It was only one day left，_____，his father had no idea to answer him．观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。【典例】：Tony____travelling abroad，but dislikes staying home watching TV．由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。【强化练习】A（2022·河北承德·统考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A study has been done in our class. Mr. Zhang divided ____1____ (we) into two groups. He made each group take notes in different ways. The first group took notes by hand. The ____2____ (two) one did it on the computer. Which way would help students learn better? We thought Group Two would win. But to our surprise, Group One did a ____3____ (good) job. Since you take notes by hand, stick to it!But how can you improve your note-taking ___4___ (skill)?Firstly, try to get yourself ready before class ____5____ (begin). Be familiar(熟悉的) with ____6____ material that you are going to learn. Make sure you have your notebooks ____7____ pens on the desk.Then, take notes ____8____ (wise) while listening in class. Many students are too busy taking notes to follow the teacher. So it is important to know ____9____ to take notes.Lastly, check your notes after class. If there is still something missing, compare your notes ____10____ others’. These checks will also increase your chances of understanding what you’ve written.【答案】1．us    2．second    3．better    4．skills    5．begins    6．the    7．and    8．wisely    9．when    10．with【导语】本文主要介绍了手写笔记能帮助学生们学得更好，并给出了一些提高记笔记技能的方法。1．句意：张老师把我们分成两组。动词divided后接人称代词宾格，we的宾格形式us，意为“我们”。故填us。2．句意：第二个是在电脑上做的。根据“The ... one”可知用序数词表顺序，two的序数词second，意为“第二”。故填second。3．句意：但让我们惊讶的是，第一组做得更好。根据“Which way would help students learn better?”可知此处讲第一组做得更好。故填better。4．句意：但是怎样才能提高记笔记的技巧呢？根据“your note-taking ... (skill)”及下文可知记笔记不止一个技能，用复数形式，skills“技能”。故填skills。5．句意：首先，试着在上课前做好准备。根据上下文可知用一般现在时，主语“class”后接动词第三人称单数形式。故填begins。6．句意：熟悉你要学习的材料。根据“that you are going to learn”可知此处特指你需要学习的资料，用定冠词the。故填the。7．句意：确保你的笔记本和笔都在桌子上。根据“notebooks ... pens”可知前后是等同关系，用and表示“和”。故填and。8．句意：然后，在课堂上听讲时明智地记笔记。此处用副词修饰动词短语，wise的副词形式wisely，意为“明智地”。故填wisely。9．句意：所以知道什么时候做笔记是很重要的。根据“Many students are too busy taking notes to follow the teacher.”可知忙于记笔记会跟不上老师的节奏，由此推出要知道什么时候需要记笔记，when“什么时候”。故填when。10．句意：如果还缺什么，就和别人的笔记比较一下。compare ... with ...“把……和……作比较”。故填with。 B（2022·内蒙古包头·模拟预测）One morning, a butcher (屠夫) heard the doorbell and ____11____ (think) it must be a customer. But he was ____12____ (surprise) to see that a dog was coming into his shop. The dog had ＄10 and a note in its mouth. The butcher took the note and read it. It said, “10 pork chops (排骨) please.” So the butcher took ____13____ money and put a bag of chops in the dog’s mouth.Then he ____14____ (quick) closed the shop because he decided to follow the dog. He found the dog was waiting for a green light. It looked both ways ____15____ (see) if it was safe, and then walked ____16____ the road. The dog went to a bus stop to wait for a bus. When a bus arrived, the dog ____17____ (one) walked to the front of the bus to check the number and then got on the bus.After a while, the bus stopped and the dog got off. ____18____ the butcher followed it off. The dog ran up to a house and dropped the bag in front of the front door. It then began to beat ____19____ (it) head against the front door. After a little while, a big guy opened the door and start shouting at the dog. The butcher ran up and shouted at the guy. “What are you doing? This dog is a genius (天才)!” The ____20____ (own) of the dog said: “Genius? No way! I always tell him to take the keys when he goes to the stores. But he never listens to me.”【答案】11．thought    12．surprised    13．the    14．quickly    15．To see    16．across    17．first    18．Then    19．its    20．owner【导语】本文主要讲述了一只天才小狗替主人买肉的故事。这只狗自己拿着钱去买排骨，然后又自己坐公共汽车回家，用头撞门来敲门。屠夫觉得这简直就是一只天才小狗，但是狗的主人却还埋怨小狗每次出门的时候都不带钥匙。11．句意：一天早上，一个屠夫听到门铃响，以为是客人来了。根据heard可知，此空应填动词过去式，故填thought。12．句意：但他惊讶地看到一只狗走进了他的商店。was后接形容词作表语，修饰人用以ed为结尾的形容词，故填surprised。13．句意：于是屠夫拿了钱，把一袋排骨放进了狗的嘴里。根据“take…money”可知，此处表示特指，应用冠词the，故填the。14．句意：然后他很快就关了店，因为他决定跟着狗。此空修饰动词closed，应填副词，故填quickly。15．句意：它看了看两边，看看是否安全，然后穿过马路。根据“It looked both ways… if it was safe”可知，看两边的目的是为了确认是否安全，用动词不定式表目的，故填to see。16．句意：它看了看两边，看看是否安全，然后穿过马路。根据“walked … the road”可知，此处用walk across表示“穿过”，故填across。17．句意：当一辆公共汽车到站时，这只狗先走到车前查看车号，然后上了车。根据“walked to the front of the bus to check the number”及“then got on the bus”可知，先查看车号再上车，first“首先”，故填first。18．句意：然后屠夫跟着它走了。根据“After a while, the bus stopped and the dog got off. ”及“the butcher followed it off”可知，此处指然后屠夫继续跟着它，故填Then。19．句意：然后它开始用头去撞前门。此空修饰名词head，应填形容词性物主代词，故填its。20．句意：狗的主人说……。根据“The…of the dog”可知，此处指狗的主人，owner“主人”，此空应填名词单数形式，故填owner。 C（2022·内蒙古·模拟预测）“Green” is a new way of thinking about the world we live in, and a way of living our lives. We decide to go “green” ____21____ we know that we only have one planet to live on. We won’t be able to live on it much ____22____ (long), if we keep wasting energy and resources, and ____23____ (pollute) the air and the water on the earth.Many children have already made their efforts ____24____ (do) it. Gabrielle, 12, says, “I helped my community plant trees in a garden last month, and I ____25____ (usual) ride my bike to school. I help my family stay “green” ____26____ taking short showers. As for the water that sometimes leaks out(漏出) from water pipes, we use it to water flowers and trees.” Kaitlyn, 10, says, “Lots of paper towels are ____27____ (throw) away, so I use a ____28____ (reuse) cloth towel to dry my hands instead.” Jazmine, 12, says, “I don’t waste water when I brush my ____29____ (tooth). I never let ______30______ light on when I am not in the room.” Natalie, 13, says, “ I always reuse things. I always look at the bottom of things to see if they have symbols that tell me they can be reused. So I reuse lots of things, from soda cans to shampoo bottles!”【答案】21．because    22．longer    23．polluting    24．to do    25．usually    26．by    27．thrown    28．reusable    29．teeth    30．the【导语】本文讲述了“green”是一种思考我们生活的世界的新方法，也是我们生活的一种方式。为了让我们的地球成为一个“绿色”的星球，详细的介绍了一些青少年的做法。21．句意：我们决定“绿色”，因为我们知道我们只有一个星球可以生存。横线左右两句话是因果关系，前果后因，所以用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。22．句意：如果我们继续浪费能源和资源，污染地球上的空气和水，我们将不能靠它生活太久了。much后面加形容词或者副词的比较级。故填longer。23．句意：如果我们继续浪费能源和资源，污染地球上的空气和水，我们将不能靠它生活太久了。and左右两边是并列的成分，横线处和wasting并列。故填polluting。24．句意：许多孩子已经付出他们的努力来做了。make efforts to do sth“努力做某事”，是固定搭配。故填to do。25．句意：上个月我帮助我的社区在花园里种树，而且我经常骑自行车去上学。ride是动词，由副词修饰。故填usually。26．句意：我通过短时间的淋浴来帮助我的家人保持“绿色”。根据“taking short showers”可知，短时间的淋浴是保持“绿色”的一种方法，by后接方式方法。故填by。27．句意：很多纸巾被扔掉了，因此我用一个可重复使用的布毛巾来擦干我的手。主语“Lots of paper towels”和谓语动词throw是被动关系，be动词后跟过去分词表示被动。故填thrown。28．句意：很多纸巾被扔掉了，因此我用一个可重复使用的布毛巾来擦干我的手。名词cloth前要用形容词resuable“可再用的”作定语。故填resuable。29．句意：我刷牙的时候不会浪费水。brush teeth“刷牙”，固定搭配。故填teeth。30．句意：我不在房间的时候不会开灯。此处特指房间的灯，用定冠词the。故填the。 D（2022·河北石家庄·统考一模）在空白处填写一个正确的单词。Live Small    In Europe and North America, families are getting smaller, but homes are not. In many ____31____ (country) they are getting bigger. Bigger homes are more expensive and heating ____32____ (they) in cold weather is worse for the environment. Many people believe it’s time to think about ____33____ size of our homes.    Sixteen-year-old Austin Hay is building a home on his parents’ drive. Although it’s only 2.4 meters wide and 3.7 meters long, it’s ____34____ (get) everything important, including a shower room, a kitchen and a bedroom with a low ceiling(房顶，天花板).    “_____35_____ I was a kid, I wanted to build a tree house or a boat house.” Austin explains, “But this house on wheels is the ____36____ (cool) of all.”    Austin doesn’t do any building during the week because he’s busy with schoolwork and ____37____ (play) basketball. But at the weekend he usually works hard on his house. “At the moment I’m working on the doors. I can do it ____38____ (easy), so my dad isn’t helping me. He only ____39____ (help) with the difficult things.”    Austin is sleeping in his little house this summer. And in the future? “University is very expensive in the USA, but for me, it’ll be cheaper. I have my little house, I will take it _____40_____ me wherever I go.” 【答案】31．countries    32．them    33．the    34．got    35．When    36．coolest    37．playing    38．easily    39．helps    40．with【导语】本文主要讲述了16岁的奥斯汀如何自建了一座有轮子的可带走的微型房子。31．句意：在许多国家，他们正变得更大。根据“many”可知，此处需填名词的复数形式countries表示“国家”。故填countries。32．句意：更大的房子更贵，在寒冷的天气取暖对环境更不利。根据“heating”可知，此处需用宾格them“它们”。故填them。33．句意：许多人认为是时候考虑我们家的大小了。由“Bigger homes are more expensive”可知，此处表示特指“家的大小”，用定冠词the。故填the。34．句意：虽然它只有2.4米宽，3.7米长，但它拥有了所有重要的东西，包括一个淋浴室，一个厨房和一间天花板很低的卧室。has got“有”，因此用过去分词got。故填got。35．句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我想建一个树屋或船屋。根据“I was a kid, I wanted to build a tree house or a boat house.”可知，此处用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，位于句首首字母大写。故填When。36．句意：但是这个有轮子的房子是所有中最酷的。根据“of all”可知，此处用形容词最高级coolest表示“最酷的”。故填coolest。37．句意：奥斯汀一周内不做任何建筑因为他忙于功课和打篮球。be busy doing sth“忙于做某事”，因此用playing作宾语。故填playing。38．句意：我能够很容易做到，因此我爸爸不会帮我。根据“I can do it”可知，此处用副词easily“容易地”修饰动词do。故填easily。39．句意：他只帮助做困难的事。根据“He only ... with the difficult things.”可知，本句缺少谓语，主语是he，时态为一般现在时，因此谓语用三单helps“帮助”。故填helps。40．句意：我有我的小房子，无论我走到哪里，我都会带着它。根据“I will take it ... me wherever I go.”可知，此处是指无论去哪里，我都带着小房子，用介词with表示“和……一起”。故填with。 E（2022·吉林·统考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。When you hear the word hero, you may think of someone like Dr. Martin Luther King. However, there are also “everyday” heroes. Everyday heroes are normal people ____41____ are working hard to make the world a better place. Among them is Robert Lee.Lee grew up in New York City. He learned the importance of not wasting food from a young age ____42____ his family was poor. When in college, he was ____43____ member of the student group that gave out leftover(剩余的)food to homeless people. This experience made him ____44____ (realize) how serious the problem of food waste actually was.After he left university, Lee set up his ____45____ (one) business called Rescuing Leftover Cuisine (RLC). RLC runs simply. Just using an app developed by Lee’s team, restaurants can report how much leftover food they have each day. Then ____46____ (volunteer)will get the food and send it to the homeless people. They never drive or use other public transportation. Instead, they just do those things by ____47____ (walk). So far, Lee and his team have ____48____ (successful) saved over 150,000 kilograms of food. At the____49____ time, he has helped hundreds of homeless people out of hunger. Lee has shown that a small action can make a big difference _____50_____ our life than we imagine. When Lee was asked what his next plan was, he replied there was still a long way to go.【答案】41．who    42．because    43．a    44．realize    45．first    46．volunteers    47．walking    48．successfully    49．same    50．to【导语】本文主要介绍了平民英雄——Robert Lee的事迹。41．句意：日常英雄都是那些努力工作让世界变得更美好的普通人。根据“are working hard to make the world a better place”可知，此句是一个定语从句，先行词是人，who符合句意，故填who。42．句意：他从小就认识到不浪费食物的重要性，因为他家里很穷。根据“his family was poor”可知，此句是是前一句的原因，because符合句意，故填because。43．句意：上大学时，他是一个学生团体的成员，该团体向无家可归的人分发剩饭。根据“member of the student group”可知，他是学生社团成员之一，a member of'“……的成员”，a 符合句意，故填a。44．句意：这段经历让他意识到食物浪费问题的严重性。make sb do sth“让某人做某事”，此处用动词原形，故填realize。45．句意：大学毕业后，他创办了自己的第一家企业“拯救剩菜”(rescue Leftover Cuisine，简称RLC)。根据“business called Rescuing Leftover Cuisine (RLC).”可知，建立了第一家RLC，需要序数词，first符合句意，故填first。46．句意：然后志愿者会得到食物，并把它送给无家可归的人。根据“will get the food”可知，名词复数作主语，volunteers符合句意，故填volunteers。47．句意：相反，他们只是通过走路来做这些事情。根据“by”可知，介词后用动名词作宾语，故填walking。48．句意：到目前为止，李和他的团队已经成功地节省了超过15万公斤的食物。根据“saved”可知，副词修饰动词，故填successfully。49．句意：与此同时，他还帮助了数百名无家可归的人摆脱饥饿。at the same time“同时”，固定搭配，same符合句意，故填same。50．句意：李向我们展示了一个小小的行动可以给我们的生活带来比我们想象中更大的不同。make a difference to sth“对……有影响”，介词to符合句意，故填to。