14. 短文词汇填空十一选十 -版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典

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第14讲： 词汇填空（十一选十）



考点归纳、真题精练、考前巩固
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．luckily  B．alerts C．established  D．entrances  E. contact  F. habitat
G. measures   H. wandered   I. studying   J. rewards   K. enjoy
Fifteen wild Asian elephants that left their ____1____ in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve(保护区)in Yunnan province have so far not caused any trouble in the provincial capital(省会), Kunming, thanks to local authorities’ effective measures. By Thursday afternoon, the herd(兽群)had moved to Shuanghe county, Jinning district in Kunming’s outskirts, according to the Yunnan Forestry and Grassland Administration, which has ____2____ a special work team under the guidance of the provincial government. Provincial forestry police have followed the elephants’ movements round the clock, using drones(无人机)and cameras. Experts from both the national and provincial forestry departments are advising on ____3____ to control the elephants. Police and firefighters in Kunming are working to prevent the elephants from coming into ____4____ with residents. Trucks(卡车)and digging equipment have been put in place at the ____5____ of villages to try to stop the pachyderms’(厚皮动物)entry.
A woman from Ganhe village, where the elephants ____6____ around for several hours on Thursday, told local media that they had received ____7____ from the village committee. “All my family members moved to the second floor of our house on Wednesday. We were very nervous last night, but ____8____ no one was hurt,” she said.
Although it’s not known when the elephants left the Xishuangbanna reserve, experts believe they may have started roaming(徜徉)last year and are now about 500 kilometers away from the reserve.
The Asian elephants, which are listed as endangered(濒危的)on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species, ____9____ Class-A protection status in China, the same level afforded(给予)the giant panda. Yunnan is the only home to wild Asian elephants in China and has 300 of the animals. However, more than two-thirds of the population live outside nature reserves, said Chen Mingyong, a life sciences professor at Yunnan University who has been ____10____ wild elephants for decades.

【答案】
1．F    2．C    3．G    4．E    5．D    6．H    7．B    8．A    9．K     10．I
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。15头云南西双版纳自然保护区的亚洲象于周四闯入了居住区，但目前并没有造成任何麻烦。
1．考查名词。句意：当地政府的有效措施下，离开西双版纳国家级自然保护区栖息地的15头野生亚洲象到目前为止没有在省会昆明制造任何麻烦。their是形容词性物主代词，后接名词作left的宾语，根据下文“the herd(兽群)had moved to Shuanghe county, Jinning district in Kunming’s outskirts”可知，象群离开了他们的栖息地，名词habitat符合句意。故选F项。
2．考查动词。句意：据云南省林业和草原局称，到周四下午，鹿群已经转移到昆明郊区金宁区双河县。云南省林业和草原局在省政府的指导下成立了一个特别工作组。分析句子可知，which 引导的定语从句中谓语部分不完整，根据“a special work team under the guidance of the provincial government.”推知，是成立了特别工作组，动词establish符合句意，此处用其过去分词与has构成现在完成时。故选C项。
3．考查名词。句意：来自国家和省级林业部门的专家正在就控制大象的措施提供建议。分析句子可知，介词on后跟名词作宾语，to control the elephant是抽象名词的后置定语，根据上文“thanks to local authorities’ effective measures.”可知，表示“控制大象的措施”名词measure符合句意，表示泛指用复数measures，符合句意。故选G项。
4．考查名词。句意：昆明警方和消防队员正在努力防止大象与居民接触。空处应填名词作宾语，结合句意，此处指防止大象与居民接触，故名词contact符合句意，come into contact with是固定搭配，意为“与……接触”。故选E项。
5．考查名词。句意：卡车和挖掘设备已经安置在村庄入口处，试图阻止厚皮动物进入。根据“stop the pachyderms’(厚皮动物)entry.”可知，是在村口放置装置，故名词entrance符合句意，at the entrance of意为“在……的入口处”，符合句意。故选D项。
6．考查动词。句意：大象在干河村游荡了几个小时，村里的一名妇女告诉当地媒体，他们收到了村委会的通知。分析句子可知where引导的定语从句缺谓语动词且使用一般过去时，wander around意为“徘徊”，符合句意。故选H项。
7．考查名词。句意：大象在干河村游荡了几个小时，村里的一名妇女告诉当地媒体，他们收到了村委会的警告。分析句子可知，缺宾语，根据下文“All my family members moved to the second floor of our house on Wednesday”可知，村民街道了村委会的警告（通知），名词alerts符合句意。故选B项
8．考查副词。句意：我们昨晚非常紧张，但幸运的是没有人受伤。根据but可知句意发生转折，且本句主干成分完整，故填修饰成分，luckily副词作状语，符合句意。故选A项。
9．考查动词。句意：在国际自然保护联盟的濒危物种红色名录上，亚洲象被列为濒危物种，在中国享有与大熊猫相同的一级保护地位。空处为主句谓语动词，主句主语是The Asian elephants，陈述客观事实，谓语动词用复数形式，enjoy…status “享有……地位”符合句意。故选K项。
10．考查动词。句意：然而，云南大学生命科学教授陈明勇说，超过三分之二的大象生活在自然保护区以外。陈明勇研究野生大象已有几十年。分析句子可知，who引导的定语从句中谓语动词不完整，has been 后可跟现在分词构成现在完成进行时，也可跟过去分词构成现在完成时的被动，此处表示教授目前还在“研究”野生大象，为主动，故用has been studying，表示动作从过去持续到现在并极有可能延续下去。故选I项。

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．contribute   B．global   C．bringing   D．originally  E. concerned  F. seeking G. features  H. power  I. positions  J. engineered  K. regularly
When it comes to innovative countries, we always think of places like the US, the UK and Germany. However, Israel is also a(n) ____11____ leader in innovation. According to the World Economic Forum’s global Competitiveness Report 2016 - 2017, Israel is the second most innovative nation in the world, just after Switzerland.
Many of us may not be aware, but technologies ____12____ in Israel have changed our lives. For example, antivirus software that protects our computers was ____13____ developed in Israel in the 1970s, according to The Telegraph. In addition, ____14____ on our mobile phones such as voicemail and SMS were also developed in Israel.
So it comes as no surprise that Israel plans to use its innovative strength to ____15____ the cooperation with China in the Belt and Road Initiative. As long as Israel is needed, it will spare no effort to ____16____ to the project, said Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu during his visit to China in March, according to Xinhua News Agency.
Many Israeli environmental technology companies have already set up facilities in Shandong province, ____17____ Israeli techniques to many areas such as recycling water for agricultural use, reported the Times of Israel.
Founded on very dry land, Israel had been ____18____ about water for a very long time. However, in recent years, the quality and quantity of water in Israel have been improved, with the help of techniques that turn Mediterranean seawater and wastewater into usable water.
In fact, such innovations have led to more and more Chinese students ____19____ quality higher education in Israel. “When Chinese students who study here go back home, they will be in ____20____ to influence China-Israel relationships in the future,” Emma After-man, manager of Israel - China Academic Relations at the Council for Higher Education, told the Jerusalem Post.

【答案】
11．B    12．J    13．D    14．G    15．H    16．A    17．C    18．E    19．F    20．I
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了以色列是仅次于瑞士的世界上创新能力第二强的国家。以色列的技术已经改变了我们的生活；以色列计划利用其创新的力量来推动与中国在“一带一路”的合作；许多以色列环保技术公司已经在山东省设立了设施，将以色列的技术引进到许多地区。
11．考查形容词。句意：然而，以色列也是创新领域的全球领导者。分析句子可知，空处修饰名词leader，应用形容词作定语，global“全球的”为形容词，符合句意。故选B项。
12．考查动词。句意：我们中的许多人可能没有意识到，但以色列设计的技术已经改变了我们的生活。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，engineered“设计制造”是动词的过去分词形式，作后置定语修饰名词technologies，符合句意。故选J项。
13．考查副词。句意：例如，据《每日电讯报》报道，保护我们电脑的防病毒软件最初是在20世纪70年代在以色列开发的。分析句子结构，空处修饰动词developed，应用副词形式作状语，originally“起初”为副词，符合句意。故选D项。
14．考查名词。句意：此外，我们手机上的语音邮件和短信等功能也是以色列研发的。分析句子结构，空处作句子主语，且谓语动词使用were developed，主语应用名词的复数形式，features“为实现某功能而具有的特性”为名词，符合句意。故选G项。
15．考查动词。句意：因此，以色列计划利用其创新力量推动与中国在“一带一路”倡议中的合作就不足为奇了。结合语意，以色列计划利用其创新力量是为了推动与中国在“一带一路”倡议中的合作，所以应用不定式结构作目的状语，空前已经出现to，空处应用动词原形形式，power“推动”是动词原形形式，符合句意。故选H项。
16．考查动词。句意：据新华社报道，以色列总理本杰明·内塔尼亚胡（Benjamin Netanyahu）3月访问中国时表示，只要以色列被需要，它将不遗余力地为该项目做出贡献。spare no effort to do sth.为固定结构，表示“不遗余力做某事”，所以空处应用动词原形形式，contribute“贡献”为动词原形，符合句意。故选A项。
17．考查动词。句意：据《以色列时报》报道，许多以色列环境技术公司已经在山东省建立了设施，将以色列的技术应用于许多领域，如农业用水的循环利用。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，bringing“带来”是动词现在分词形式，与逻辑主语Many Israeli environmental technology companies之间是主动关系，作句子状语，符合句意。故选C项。
18．考查形容词。句意：以色列建立在非常干燥的土地上，很长一段时间以来一直为水而担心。结合语意，以色列建在干燥的土地上，所以以色列会为水而担心，concerned“担心的”为形容词，作句子表语，符合句意。故选E项。
19．考查动词。句意：事实上，这些创新已经导致越来越多的中国学生在以色列寻求高质量的高等教育。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，seeking“寻求”是动名词形式，作介词to的宾语，符合句意。故选F项。
20．考查名词。句意：当在这里学习的中国学生回国后，他们将能够影响未来的中以关系。分析句子结构，空处用于介词in之后，应用名词形式作宾语，positions“位置”是名词，in positions to为固定搭配，表示“处于可以……的位置，有能力……”，符合句意。故选I项。

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．wound   B．fundamentally  C．argues   D．virtue   E. mirrors  F. universally
G. judged    H. simply     I. adopted    J. fascination    K. similarly
Jenny Carter an NHS coordinator is an “extreme night owl,” one of an estimated 8.2% of the population whose natural inclination(倾向)is to fall asleep well after midnight. Left to her own devices, she’d prefer to go to bed around 3 a.m. and wake up about noon. Why do night owls exist? There is no single ___21___ accepted theory, but evolutionary biologists think that communities with more variation in chronotypes(睡眠类型)may have been more likely to survive.
Another theory is that variation is ___22___ how genetics works. Right from birth, our personal biological clocks are already ___23___. Genetics establishes a person’s chronotype. Colin Espie, professor of sleep medicine at the University of Oxford, says this ___24___ differences in hair eye and skin color or height.
Natural night owls are ___25___ different from insomniacs or people who stay up until the early hours because of family or work circumstances. Being a night owl isn’t a problem.
But this isn’t always well understood. Jessica Batchelor is a medical writer who feels most productive at 11 p.m. “I can’t tell anyone when I went to sleep, woke up, showered or ate a meal without being ___26___,” she says “I struggle with feelings of guilt and shame.”
This mentality is rooted in our agrarian(耕地的)past when farm work had to begin at dawn.
Our culture mistakenly associates sleeping little and rising early with ___27___. It is often extolled(颂扬)as a habit of successful people: for instance in the ___28___ with Margaret Thatcher’s four-hour rest, or articles about “sleepless-elite” CEOs who start their days with a 4 a.m. jog.
Actually, there is nothing wrong with staying up late as long as you’re getting a good amount of sleep every night; ___29___, early risers have no special biological advantage. What research has not disproved, however, is that morning people tend to get more done.
The productivity expert Laura Vanderkam ____30____ that people should consider switching their schedule not because it’s necessarily better but because it’s practical.
Waking up earlier to work out, make headway on a creative project or enjoy a stress-free cup of coffee can help make it easier to accomplish more without sacrificing time for yourself.

【答案】
21．F    22．H    23．A    24．E    25．B    26．G    27．D    28．J    29．K    30．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了夜猫子的存在，它存在的原因以及它存在的合理性。
21．考查副词。句意：为什么会有夜猫子的存在呢？目前还没有一个被普遍接受的理论能解释；但是，进化生物学家们认为，那些睡眠类型更多样的群体或许会更有可能存活下来。此处accepted为形容词，故应用副词修饰，且此处意为“普遍接受的”，表达为universally accepted，故universally符合句意，故选F项。
22．考查副词。句意：另一种理论认为，人们拥有不同的睡眠类型，仅仅是因为遗传学的原理是这样的。此处作状语，修饰“how genetics works”，应用副词，且此处意为“仅仅是…”，故simply符合句意，故选H项。
23．考查被动。句意：从我们出生开始，我们的生物钟就已经被上好了发条。此句中主语为clocks，此处指“钟被上发条”，故应用wind“给……上发条”的被动语态wound，故此处wound“被上发条”符合句意，故选A项。
24．考查谓语动词。句意：牛津大学睡眠医学专业的教授Colin Espie说道，这就和人们在发色、眼睛颜色、肤色和身高上存在差异是一样的。根据句子分析可知，this为主语，为单数，此处作谓语动词，意为“与……一样”，故应用mirror一词，且此处陈述事实，应用一般现在时，故mirrors符合句意，故选E项。
25．考查副词。句意：天生的夜猫子与那些失眠症患者或那些因家庭、工作而熬夜到凌晨的人有着本质上的区别。根据句意可知，此处意为“从根本上，从本质上”，故应用副词fundamentally修饰形容词different，故fundamentally符合句意，故选B。
26．考查动名词的被动形式。句意：她说道：“我都不敢跟别人说自己是几点睡的，几点起的，几点洗的澡或者几点吃的饭，就怕遭人评头论足，我在内疚和羞愧感中苦苦挣扎着。” 此处意为“被评头论足”，表达为be judged，且without为介词，后跟doing作宾语，故空前为being，故judged符合句意，故选G。
27．考查名词。句意：我们的文化也错误地将“睡得少、起得早”与美德混为一谈。根据句意可知，此处意为“美德”，故应用名词virtue作宾语，故virtue符合句意，故选D。
28．考查名词。句意：这种作息时间被称颂为成功人士的生活习惯：比如，人们痴迷于玛格丽特·撒切尔一天只睡四小时的习惯，就爱看那些讲不睡觉的精英总裁凌晨四点爬起来慢跑的文章。根据空前的the可知，此空应填名词，且意为“痴迷于……”，故表达为in the fascination with…，故fascination符合句意，故选J。
29．考查副词。句意：事实上，只要你每天有充足的睡眠，熬夜也没错。同样地，早起者没有什么特别的生理优势。根据句子分析可知，此处应用副词做状语，且意为“同样地，类似地”，表达为similarly，故similarly符合句意，故选K。
30．考查谓语动词。句意：生产力专家Laura Vanderkam认为，人们应该考虑改变自己的日程安排，不是因为它一定会更好，而是因为它实用。此句中，The productivity expert Laura Vanderkam为主语，为单数，此处作谓语动词，意为“认为……”，故应用argue作谓语动词，且此处陈述事实，故应用一般现在时，故argues符合句意，故选C。



Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．bodies B．containers C．cut D．decomposed E. densely F. engaged
G. prevention H. property I. remove J. scarcely K. unwanted
Get rid of mosquitoes, but how?Almost everyone who spends time outdoors has experienced mosquitoes. These bloodsucking insects give itchy bites and can spread disease. But how can you avoid them and protect yourself?
Jessica Damiano is a gardening expert. In a recent story, Damiano said the best control is ___31___. And she gave suggestions on how to ___32___ mosquito populations.
It may seem difficult to avoid mosquitoes, as most of the areas in the world are ___33___ populated with them. People who live near ___34___ of water, such as lakeside, may experience more mosquitoes. But there are several measures you can take to reduce their numbers.
Mosquitoes need less than a centimeter of water to lay eggs. A female can lay hundreds of eggs at a time. So, check your ___35___ to see if there is anywhere that collects water. Water can easily collect in small ___36___ —a child’s toy, a trash can lid, or a cooking pot.
Even if the amount of standing water seems small, ___37___ it. Make holes in the bottoms of containers that can hold ___38___ water. Other standing water such as in ponds and bird baths can be ___39___ with chemicals.
There are other things you can do to protect yourself. Put screens in your doors and windows or keep them closed. And cut down on time spent outdoors between the early evening and the early morning. Mosquitoes are most ___40___ during that time.

【答案】
31．G    32．C    33．E    34．A    35．H    36．B    37．I    38．K    39．D    40．F
【导语】本文是一片说明文。文章主要讲述了“减少蚊子”的方法。
31．考查名词。句意：在最近的一篇报道中，达米亚诺表示，最好的控制是预防。分析句子可知，is之后缺少表语，可以用名词作为表语。prevention意为“预防”，符合句意，故选G项。
32．考查非谓语动词。句意：她还就如何减少蚊子数量提出了建议。分析句子可知，不定式to之后应该加动词原形，且根据标题“Get rid of mosquitoes”可知，此处应该是“减少蚊子”，cut意为“切；削减”符合句意，故选C项。
33．考查副词。句意：似乎很难避免蚊子，因为世界上大多数地区都是蚊子密集居住的地区。根据句子结构可知，此处应填入副词修饰 populated。根据下文“may experience more mosquitoes”可知，蚊子是密集的。densely意为“密集地”符合句意，故选E项。
34．考查名词。句意：住在水体附近的人，如湖边，可能会遇到更多的蚊子。分析句子结构可知，of之前应填入名词，___4___ of water整体作为near 的宾语。 bodies意为“躯干；主体部分”符合句意，故选A项。
35．考查名词。句意：所以，检查你的财产，看看是否有收集水的地方。your之后应该加名词，根据下文“a child’s toy, a trash can lid, or a cooking pot”和“ponds and bird baths”等可知，是“财产”。property意为“财产”，故选H项。
36．考查名词。句意：水可以很容易地收集在小容器中-儿童玩具、垃圾桶盖或烹饪锅。根据下文“a child’s toy, a trash can lid, or a cooking pot”可知，是“容器”。 containers意为“容器”，故选B项。
37．考查动词。句意：即使积水量很小，也要将其清除。分析句子结构可知，it在句中作为宾语，前面可以填入动词。根据“Mosquitoes need less than a centimeter of water to lay eggs.”可知，就算水很少，也要清理干净。故选I项。
38．考查形容词。句意：在容器底部开孔，以容纳多余的水。分析句子结构可知，此处可以填入名词，作为定语修饰名词water。 unwanted意为“不需要的”符合句意，故选K项。
39．考查语态。句意：其他的死水，如池塘和鸟浴池，可以用化学物质分解。can be done是情态动词的被动语态。根据“with chemicals”可以推测是用化学物质分解。decomposed意为“分解”符合句意，故选D项。
40．考查形容词。句意：蚊子在那段时间最忙碌。分析句子结构可知，be之后缺少形容词作为表语， engaged意为“忙碌的”符合句意，故选F项。

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．bend   B．fascinated  C．implication   D．invites   E. resembles
F. habitable  G. outpacing  H. determine    I. exploration   J. alternative   K. colonized

Good evening, ladies and gentlemen:We’re at a tipping point in human history, between gaining the stars and losing the planet we call home. At the same time as we’re discovering this treasure of potentially ____41____ worlds, our own planet is sinking. 2014 was the hottest year on record. Glaciers and sea ice are now disappearing in a matter of decades. These planetary-scale environmental changes are rapidly ____42____ our ability to alter their course.
I’m not a climate scientist, I’m an astronomer. You could say that I look for ____43____ alien real estate. Now, as somebody who is deeply ____44____ in the search for life in the universe, I can tell you that the more you look for planets like Earth, the more you appreciate our own planet itself. Each one of these new worlds ____45____ a comparison between the newly discovered planet and the planets we know best: those of our own Solar System.
Consider our neighbor, Mars. Though the Martian view ____46____ the deserts of our own home world, Mars is a pretty terrible place to live considering the extent to which we have not ____47____ the deserts of our own planet. Even in the driest, highest places on Earth, the air is sweet and thick with oxygen exhaled (呼气) from thousands of miles away by our rainforests.
I worry that Mars and other planets carries with it a long, dark shadow: the ____48____ by some that Mars will be there to save us from the destruction of the only truly livable planet we know of, the Earth. As much as I love interplanetary ____49____ , I deeply disagree with this idea. There are many excellent reasons to go to Mars, but for anyone to tell you that Mars will be there to back up humanity is like the captain of the Titanic telling you that the real party is happening later on the lifeboats.
If we truly believe in our ability to ____50____ the hostile environments of Mars for human habitation, then we should be able to surmount the far easier task of preserving the habitability of the Earth.

【答案】
41．F    42．G    43．J    44．B    45．D    46．E    47．K    48．C    49．I    50．A
【导语】本文是一篇演讲稿，主要讲的是我们对于宜居星球的探索。
41．考查形容词。句意：在我们发现潜在宜居星球宝藏的同时，我们的星球正在下沉。根据最后一段的“If we truly believe in our ability to __10___the hostile environments of Mars for human habitation”可知，此处表示“在我们发现潜在宜居星球宝藏的同时”，空格处意为“宜居的”，用形容词作定语，是habitable，故选F。
42．考查时态。句意：这些行星级别的环境变化正迅速超过我们改变其进程的能力。由前面的“Glaciers and sea ice are now disappearing in a matter of decades”可知，这些行星级别的环境变化正迅速超过我们改变其进程的能力，空格处意为“超过”，是outpace，由are可知，时态用现在进行时，空格处用现在分词。故选G。
43．考查形容词。句意：你可以说我在寻找另一种外星地产。由后面的“alien real estate”可知，此处表示“你可以说我在寻找另一种外星地产”，空格处意为“可替代的”，用形容词alternative作定语，修饰alien real estate。故选J。
44．考查形容词。句意：现在，作为一个深深着迷于寻找宇宙生命的人，我可以告诉你，你越是寻找像地球这样的行星，你就越珍惜我们自己的星球。由后面的“I love interplanetary___9__”可知，此处表示“作为一个深深着迷于寻找宇宙生命的人”，空格处意为“对……着迷”，用形容词作表语，是fascinated。故选B。
45．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每一个新发现的行星都让我们将这颗新发现的行星与我们最熟悉的太阳系行星进行比较。由前面“Each one of these new worlds”可知，每一个新发现的行星都让我们将这颗新发现的行星与我们最熟悉的太阳系行星进行比较，空格处意为“引起，招致”，是invite，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Each one是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数。故选D。
46．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：虽然火星上的景象和我们地球上的沙漠很像，但考虑到我们还没有在自己星球的沙漠上殖民，火星是一个相当可怕的地方。由前面的“the Martian view”和后面的“the deserts of our own home world”可知，此处表示“虽然火星上的景象和我们地球上的沙漠很像”，空格处意为“和……相像”，是resemble，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语view是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数。故选E。
47．考查时态。句意：虽然火星上的景象和我们地球上的沙漠很像，但考虑到我们还没有在自己星球的沙漠上殖民，火星是一个相当可怕的地方。由后面的“the deserts of our own planet”可知，此处表示“考虑到我们还没有在自己星球的沙漠上殖民”，空格处意为“殖民”，是colonize，由have not可知，时态用现在完成时，空格处用过去分词。故选K。
48．考查名词。句意：我担心火星和其他行星会带来长长的黑影：有些人认为火星会在那里拯救我们，使我们免遭地球这个我们所知唯一真正宜居的星球的毁灭。由后面的“by some that Mars will be there to save us from the destruction of the only truly livable planet we know of, the Earth”可知，此处表示“有些人认为火星会在那里拯救我们，使我们免遭地球这个我们所知唯一真正宜居的星球的毁灭”，空格处意为“暗示”，the后跟名词，是implication，是不可数名词。故选C。
49．考查名词。句意：尽管我很喜欢星际探索，但我非常不同意这个想法。由前面的“as somebody who is deeply__4___ in the search for life in the universe, I”可知，作者喜欢星际探索，空格处意为“探索”，用名词作宾语，是exploration，是不可数名词。故选I。
50．考查动词。句意：如果我们真的相信我们有能力改变火星恶劣的环境以供人类居住，那么我们就应该能够完成保护地球宜居性这一简单得多的任务。由后面的“the hostile environments of Mars for human habitation”可知，此处表示“如果我们真的相信我们有能力改变火星恶劣的环境以供人类居住”，空格处意为“改变”，是bend，ability后用不定式作后置定语，因此空格处用原形。故选A。

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．importance B．convincing C．challenges D．scheduled E. private F. stand
G. settled H. quality I. trend J. anxiety K. public
On Monday, the Ministry of Education published the draft (草案) of the preschool education law to invite public opinion.Of all the clauses (条款), what attracts most attention is the one that forbids kindergartens from teaching kids or holding activities ____51____for older kids.
That might ease the pressure on parents who fear their children might lose “at the starting line”. Some kindergartens try to force the children to learn something beyond their age, ____52____ their parents that three years later their children will have an advantage over others in primary school. That ____53____ has imposed (把……强加在……上) a heavy burden on the kids. Besides, putting pressure on kids ahead of time will only kill their passion to learn.
However, many parents called it “impractical”, despite the ____54____ of the draft law. That is because teaching ahead of time is not limited to kindergartens. It exists in primary, middle and high schools, too. There has always been pressure in China that children have to stand out from academic competition to get into a better higher-level institute (学府). To prepare students for the ____55____, sometimes even schools teach them what they need not learn on their grade level. Not surprisingly, many parents share the same ____56____ with schools and some even push schools to go further.
Besides, some parents fear the ban might work in kindergartens, but not in extracurricular organizations. In fact, some kindergarten teachers themselves are reported to organize extracurricular courses for children in ____57____. And many parents will send their children there in case they might miss something important.
It is the parents’ ____58____ and speculation (投机) by business that have turned the offering of the teaching ahead of time and the ban on it into a cat-and-mouse game.
Since parents’ anxiety originates from the lack of ____59____ education resources and limited promising career opportunities. If these problems are not ____60____, any new law to ban the teaching of lessons ahead of time will be nothing but a new yet ineffective rule.

【答案】
51．D    52．B    53．I    54．A    55．C    56．F    57．E    58．J    59．H    60．G
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是周一，教育部公布《学前教育法（征求意见稿）》向社会公开征求意见。
51．考查非谓语动词。句意：在所有条款中，最引人关注的是禁止幼儿园教孩子或为大孩子安排活动的条款。空格处意为“安排”，用过去分词scheduled表被动，作后置定语，故选D。
52．考查非谓语动词。句意：一些幼儿园试图强迫孩子学习一些超出他们年龄的东西，让他们的父母相信三年后他们的孩子在小学就会比其他人有优势。由下文“their parents that three years later their children will have an advantage over others in primary school”可知，幼儿园给孩子教一些超出年龄的东西是为了让他们的父母相信三年后他们的孩子在小学就会比其他人有优势，空格处意为“使相信”，用现在分词convincing表主动，作状语，故选B。
53．考查名词。句意：这种趋势给孩子们带来了沉重的负担。由上文“Some kindergartens try to force the children to learn something beyond their age”可知，这是一种趋势，这种趋势给孩子们带来了沉重的负担，空格处意为“趋势”，是名词trend，用单数形式，故选I。
54．考查名词。句意：然而，尽管该法律草案很重要，许多家长称其“不切实际”。由后文“of the draft law”可知，尽管该法律草案很重要，许多家长称其“不切实际”，空格处用名词作宾语，意为“重要性”，是importance。故选A。
55．考查名词。句意：为了让学生做好应对挑战的准备，有时甚至学校会教他们在他们的年级不需要学的东西。由上文“There has always been pressure in China that children have to stand out from academic competition to get into a better higher-level institute(在中国，孩子们必须在学术竞争中脱颖而出，才能进入一所更好的高等学校)”可知，此处表示“为了让学生做好应对挑战的准备，有时甚至学校会教他们在他们的年级不需要学的东西”，空格处是“挑战”，是名词challenge，要用复数形式。故选C。
56．考查名词。句意：毫不奇怪，许多家长与学校的立场一致，有些甚至推动学校走得更远。由下文“with schools and some even push schools to go further”可知，许多家长与学校的立场一致，有些甚至推动学校走得更远，空格处意为“立场”，是名词stand，故选F。
57．考查固定短语。句意：事实上，据报道，一些幼儿园老师自己也私下为孩子们组织课外课程。由上文“some kindergarten teachers themselves are reported to organize extracurricular courses for children”可知，一些幼儿园老师自己也私下为孩子们组织课外课程，空格处短语意为“私下”，是固定短语in private，因此空格处是private，故选E。
58．考查名词。句意：正是家长们的焦虑和企业的投机，将提前授课和禁令变成了一场猫捉老鼠的游戏。由下文“parents’ anxiety”可知，正是家长们的焦虑和企业的投机，将提前授课和禁令变成了一场猫捉老鼠的游戏，空格处意为“焦虑”，是名词anxiety，故选J。
59．考查名词。句意：因为家长的焦虑源于优质教育资源的缺乏和有限的有前途的职业机会。由下文“education resources and limited promising career opportunities”可知，因为家长的焦虑源于优质教育资源的缺乏和有限的有前途的职业机会，空格处意为“优质的”，是名词quality，故选H。
60．考查被动语态。句意：如果不解决这些问题，任何禁止提前上课的新法律都将是无效的新规定。由下文“any new law to ban the teaching of lessons ahead of time will be nothing but a new yet ineffective rule”可知，如果不解决这些问题，任何禁止提前上课的新法律都将是无效的新规定，空格处是“解决”，是谓语动词settle，问题被解决，句子用被动语态，空格处用过去分词，故选G。

根据句意，选择单词并以其适当形式填空。

UCLA environmental law professor Sean Hecht was walking across the campus recently when he photographed four food-delivery robots that couldn’t figure out a way around a pile of discarded electric scooters.
“Automated food delivery robots were apparently all ___61___ behind a carelessly placed scooter. I just observed a couple of students clearing a path out of pity for the robots,” Hecht tweeted, “This is our future, I guess.” Twitter jumped on Hecht’s post with enthusiasm: Some said they would have helped the robots. Others said, no way, no help. Some joked about turning the robots over onto their backs.
It’s not easy being a delivery robot. They have been kicked by angry pedestrians, peed on by dogs, and ___62___ by heavy glass doors, among other misfortunes. They’ve become popular___63___ of online fail videos. In these videos they can be seen falling down stairs, bumping into a fire hydrant (消防栓) and ___64___ up a ramp (斜坡) much too quickly. And, of course, crashing.
There are also some potential___65___ to overcome before delivery robots can be widely adopted. Many people still have concerns with their safety, not to mention the possibility of sidewalk congestion (拥堵) and job loss. Plus, they have a fairly low carrying capacity, which is a/an___66___ factor to the limited number and type of deliveries that they can complete. Moreover, the robots need to remain within a certain radius (半径) of a charging station, so they are also ___67___ in their potential range. This could make their ___68___ slow, especially in those areas which are located farther from the country’s major city centers. It is also worth noting that even if the delivery robots themselves are powered by electricity, the source of the electricity may not be environmentally friendly. This is another concern that will need to be ___69___ as their usage grows.
    Society’s growing____70____ for contactless delivery services have helped driven up demand for delivery bots. It seems, however, that these machines still have a long way to go.

【答案】
61．C    62．A    63．G    64．B    65．H    66．K    67．J    68．D    69．F    70．I
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了送货机器人的困难之处，被广泛接受前还有很长的路要走。
61．考查过去分词。句意：自动送货机器人显然都被困在一辆不小心放置的滑板车后面。过去分词stuck (困住)和前面的were构成一般过去时的被动语态，符合句意，故选C项。
62．考查过去分词。句意：它们被愤怒的行人踢了一脚，被狗尿了，被厚重的玻璃门撞了，还有其他不幸。过去分词impacted (撞击)和前面的have been构成现在完成时的被动语态，符合句意，故选A项。
63．考查名词复数。句意：它们已经成为网上失败视频的拍摄题材。复数名词subjects (绘画或拍摄题材)符合句意，故选G项。
64．考查现在分词。句意：在这些视频中，可以看到它们从楼梯上摔下来，撞上消防栓，并迅速冲上斜坡。现在分词shooting (（使朝某方向）冲，奔)符合句意，该空和前面的现在分词短语falling down stairs，bumping into a fire hydrant (消防栓)一样，用现在分词形式表主动，作主语补足语。故选B项。
65．考查名词复数。句意：在送货机器人被广泛采用之前，还有一些潜在的挑战需要克服。结合some可知，复数名词challenges (挑战)符合句意，故选H项。
66．考查形容词。句意：此外，它们的承载能力相当低，这是它们能够完成的交付数量和类型有限的一个起作用的因素。形容词contributing (起作用的)作定语，修饰名词factor，符合句意，故选K项。
67．考查形容词。句意：此外，机器人需要保持在充电站的一定半径内，因此它们的潜在范围也有限。形容词limited (有限的)作表语，符合句意，故选J项。
68．考查名词。句意：这可能会使它们的采用速度变慢，尤其是在那些距离该国主要城市中心较远的地区。不可数名词adoption (（想法、计划、名字等的）采用)作宾语，符合句意，故选D项。
69．考查过去分词。句意：这是另一个需要随着其使用量的增长而解决的问题。need to be done (需要被做)，过去分词addressed (设法解决)符合句意，故选F项。
70．考查名词。句意：社会对非接触式送货服务的日益偏爱推动了对送货机器人的需求。不可数名词preference (偏爱)作主语，符合句意，故选I项。

A．genuine B．Creative C．proud D．throughout E. forward    
F. assignment    G. teenager     H. pressure I. reflect    J. aim     K. related

Dear students,Good moming, everyone. I’m your headmaster, Mr.Lee. Welcome to ABC High School. Is your first day as senior high school students, so there are a few things I want you to know.
First I want to say—Congratulations! I know you must have been under great ____71____ to prepare for the Senior High School Entrance Examination in order to make sure you get a place in our school. You must have been looking ____72____ to studying here. It turns out that you have made it and I feel really ____73____ of you.
Next, I want you to know that those who ____74____ high are more likely to succeed. So every one of you will be given a writing ____75____ to write something in a way ____76____ to your dream. Don’t be afraid to write down what you want to do. You are expected to be as much ____77____ as you can.
Then, the new school is a new society where you will find ____78____ friends and qualified staff. You are advised to make more attempts to figure out what difference you can make to this society. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes because after you ____79____ on your failures, a lot of lessons will be learned. And these lessons will also be beneficial to you _____80_____ your adult life．
Finally, I hope that every one of you will be able to enjoy your three years in ABC High School!

【答案】
71．H    72．E    73．C    74．J    75．F    76．K    77．B    78．A    79．I    80．D
【导语】这是一篇发言稿。校长在新生入学仪式上发言，与新生分享了几点他希望学生知道的事情，并给予美好的祝愿。
71．考查名词。句意：我知道为了确保在我们学校有一席之地，在准备高中入学考试时你一定承受着巨大的压力来。分析句子可知，空格处为介词under的宾语，填写名词pressure“压力”，可构成under great pressure的结构，表示“承受巨大压力”，符合句意。故选H项。
72．考查副词。句意：你一定很期待来这里学习。分析句子可知，空格处为填写副词forward“向前”，可构成look forward to的结构，表示“期待”，符合句意。故选E项。
73．考查形容词。句意：结果你做到了，我真为你们感到骄傲。分析句子可知，空格处为感官系动词feel“感到”的表语，填写形容词proud“自豪的”，表示“对…感到自豪”，符合句意。故选C项。
74．考查动词。句意：接下来，我想你们知道，目标高的人更可能取得成功。分析句子可知，空格处为定语从句的谓语动词，填写动词aim“力求达到、定目标”，与后面的副词high可构成aim high的结构，表示“目标高远”，符合句意。故选J项。
75．考查名词。句意：所以，你们每个人都会被分配一个写作任务，以与梦想相关的方式写作。分析句子可知，空格处为动词be given “被给”的宾语，填写名词assignment“任务”，即后文详细说的写作任务to write something，表示“写一些东西”，符合句意。故选F项。
76．考查形容词。句意：所以，你们每个人都会被分配一个写作任务，以与梦想相关的方式写作。分析句子可知，空格处为名词way“方式”的后置定语，填写形容词related“有关的，相关的”，符合句意。故选K项。
77．考查形容词。句意：你应该尽可能地富有创造力。分析句子可知，空格处为不定式to be的表语，填写形容词creative“有创造力的”，符合句意，且与上文“Don’t be afraid to write down what you want to do.（不要害怕写下你想做的事。）”语意连贯。故选B项。
78．考查形容词。句意：然后，新学校是一个新社会，在这里你将找到真诚的朋友和合格的教职员工。分析句子可知，空格处为名词friends的定语，填写形容词genuine“真诚的”，指明朋友的特征，符合句意。故选A项。
79．考查动词。句意：不要害怕犯错，因为在你反思了你的失败之后，你将学到很多教训。分析句子可知，空格处为after引导的时间状语从句的谓语，填写动词reflect“反思”，可构成reflect on的结构，表示“反思某事”，符合句意。故选I项。
80．考查介词。句意：而这些学到的教训将在你整个成年时期对你有益。分析句子可知，空格处需要填写介词throughout“贯穿始终”，即从失败中学到的东西终身有益，符合句意。故选D项。

Direction: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
The King and the Royal Trees
A．handsome    B．helplessly    C．asleep     D．observed     E. remove    F. freezingly     G. damage    H. content    I. awe    J. pick    K. provided
The King had a frightful dream. He dreamt that while riding his horse through the Royal Forest, the south wind called: “Mind the falling tees! Mind the falling trees!”Though the trees were beautiful and waved gently in the wind, the King was in ____81____. He turned his horse and dashed out of the forest.
The next morning the King ordered his people to cut down all the trees in the kingdom. “We do not want the trees to fall down and hurt our children,” he reasoned. “We will ____82____ the forest and grow vegetables instead.”
The people liked the King’s idea, for now they had their ____83____ of the finest wood in the forest to build houses and furniture. And the rest of the trees were sold at ____84____ prices to neighboring kingdoms.
Once all of the trees were cut down, the King felt ____85____—and relieved. But the people were gloomy. They missed the trees, which had ____86____ work for loggers and carpenters, and homes for birds. Although they sadly missed their work, they missed the birds most of all.
Soon after the trees were gone, a dry south wind began to blow. It blew day after day. The vegetable crops began to wither and die. People huddled(蜷缩) ____87____ in their houses watching the wind uproot their gardens and scatter the dead plants across the land.
The King was worried. He called for his horse and rode through the fields to inspect the ____88____ There were no more trees to break the fury of the wind. As the wind blew faster, it swept withered plants and soil past the King, who ____89____ dumbly as his kingdom blew northward.
Lost in clouds of dust and drifting sand, fatigue overcame the King. Nodding _____90_____ in the saddle(马鞍), he heard the south wind call: “Mind the falling trees! Mind the falling tees!”

【答案】
81．I    82．E    83．J    84．A    85．H    86．K    87．F    88．G    89．D    90．B
【导语】本文是一篇寓言故事。文章主要讲述了一个国王做了个噩梦，梦里南风让他小心倒下的树，于是醒来后的国王下令整个王国都将树木砍掉。最后，国王心安了，可是他的王国也一片荒凉。
81．考查名词。句意：尽管这些树很漂亮，在风中轻轻摇曳，国王还是害怕不已。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；再根据下文“He turned his horse and dashed out of the forest.”可知，国王很害怕。awe，名词，意为“敬畏、害怕”，符合句意。故选I。
82．考查谓语动词。句意：我们将把森林砍倒，种蔬菜。分析句子结构可知，空处为本句谓语动词，和grow形式一致，为动词原形；再根据下文“grow vegetables instead.”可知，是把树砍倒，种蔬菜。remove，动词，意为“去除、砍倒”，符合句意。故选E。
83．考查名词。句意：人们喜欢国王的主意，因为现在他们可以在森林里挑选最好的木材来建造房屋和家具。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词；再根据下文的“the finest wood in the forest to build houses and furniture.”可知，人们喜欢国王的主意是因为可以自由挑选最好的木材。pick，名词，意为“挑选”，符合句意。故选J。
84．考查形容词。句意：其余的树都以客观的价格卖给了邻国。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词。根据上文内容可知，人们喜欢国王的这一主意，所以卖给邻国的价钱不会低。handsome，形容词，意为“可观的、英俊的”，符合句意。故选A。
85．考查形容词。句意：当所有的树都被砍倒后，国王感到很满足，也松了一口气。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词担当表语。根据下文的“relieved”可知，空处意思大概相同，指的是国王的心情。content，形容词，意为“满足的”，符合句意。故选H。
86．考查动词。句意：他们想念树木，树木为伐木工和木匠提供了工作，为鸟类提供了家园。分析句子成分可知，空处为本句谓语动词；根据空后的宾语“work for loggers and carpenters”可知，空处指的是“提供”。provided，动词的过去分词，与had搭配，构成过去完成时；意为“提供”，符合句意。故选K。
87．考查副词。句意：人们冻得蜷缩在家里，看着风把花园连根拔起，把枯死的植物吹得满地都是。根据谓语动词huddled可知，人们因为寒冷才蜷缩在家里。freezingly，副词，意为“寒冷地、冻僵了”，符合句意。故选F。
88．考查名词。句意：他叫来他的马，骑着马穿过田野去检查受损地区。根据下文“There were no more trees to break the fury of the wind.”可知，国王是去了受损地区。damage，名词，意为“损害”，符合句意。故选G。
89．考查谓语动词。句意：风刮得更快了，把枯萎的植物和土壤从国王身边吹过，国王默默地看着他的王国向北吹去。根据上文“The King was worried. He called for his horse and rode through the fields to inspect the ____8____”可知，国王是去检查那些受损地区。observed，动词，意为“检查”。符合句意，故选D。
90．考查副词。句意：他在马鞍上无助地垂着头，听到南风在呼唤：“小心倒下的树！小心倒下的树！根据上文的“Lost in clouds of dust and drifting sand, fatigue overcame the King.”可知，国王此时非常沮丧，感到无助。hopelessly，副词，意为“无助地”，符合句意。故选B。

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once, Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．backed    B．commonly   C．cover    D．customs    E. special     F. major
G. mark    H. misfortunes    I. performed    J. puzzled    K. thoroughly

Telling the bees
“London Bridge is down” is how Sir Edward Young, Queen’s private secretary, conveyed the official news about the death of Queen Elizabeth II on Thursday. As the news spread through the world, a headline ____91____ many on social media: “royal beekeeper has informed the Queen’s bees that the Queen has died.”
Did bees need to be told about human affairs? Would they have any sort of opinion on the matter?
But some beekeepers, ____92____ by historians, say “telling the bees” is a standard practice that goes back centuries, with potentially serious consequences if not followed.
“It’s a very old and ____93____ tradition, but not something that’s very well-known,” said Mark Norman, a folklorist and the author of Telling the Bees and Other ____94____: The Folklore of Rural Crafts.
The tradition holds that bees, as members of the family, should be informed of ____95____ life events in the family, especially births and deaths. Beekeepers would knock on each hive, deliver the news and possibly ____96____ the hive with a black cloth during a mourning period. The practice is more ____97____ known in Britain but is also found in the United States and other parts of Europe, Mr. Norman said.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, it was believed that neglecting to tell the bees could lead to various ____98____, including their death or departure, or a failure to make honey. Nowadays, beekeepers may be less likely to believe they risk bad luck, but they may continue to follow the tradition as “a ____99____ of respect,” Mr. Norman said.
Stephen Fleming, a beekeeper for 25 years and the co-editor of BeeCraft, a magazine for British beekeepers, said he once _____100_____ the tradition after a friend died. He went to the friend’s bees, gently knocked on the hives and told them the news, he said.
“It was just something I thought my friend would have enjoyed,” he added.
Mr. Fleming said most beekeepers would most likely be aware of the tradition, but not as many would practice it.
“It’s generally thought to be a good and nice thing to do,” he said.

【答案】
91．J    92．A    93．E    94．D    95．F    96．C    97．B    98．H    99．G    100．I
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在西方国家，主要是英国，有重大的事情要告诉蜜蜂的传统习俗。
91．考查动词。句意：随着这一消息在全世界传播，社交媒体上的一个标题让许多人感到困惑：“皇家养蜂人通知女王的蜜蜂，女王已经去世了。”动词过去式puzzled“使迷惑，使困惑”符合句意，在句子的主句中作谓语。故选J项。
92．考查非谓语动词。句意：但一些养蜂人在历史学家的支持下表示，“告诉蜜蜂”是一种可以追溯到几百年前的标准做法，如果不遵循，可能会产生严重后果。动词过去分词backed“（被）支持”符合句意，在句中作后置定语，修饰名词beekeepers。故选A项。
93．考查形容词。句意：“这是一个非常古老和特殊的传统，但不是很有名，”民俗学家、《告诉蜜蜂和其他习俗：乡村手工艺的民俗》一书的作者马克·诺曼说。形容词special“特殊的”符合句意，在句中和前文old并列作定语，修饰名词tradition。故选E项。
94．考查名词。句意：“这是一个非常古老和特殊的传统，但不是很有名的东西，”民俗学家、《告诉蜜蜂和其他习俗：乡村手工艺的民俗》一书的作者马克·诺曼说。名词复数customs“习俗”符合句意，在句中构成名词短语和前文动名词短语并列，作为书名用作介词of的宾语。故选D项。
95．考查形容词。句意：传统认为，蜜蜂作为家庭成员，应该被告知家庭中的重大生活事件，尤其是出生和死亡。形容词major“主要的，重要的”符合句意，在句中作定语，修饰名词短语life events。故选F项。
96．考查动词。句意：在哀悼期间，养蜂人会敲打每个蜂箱，传递消息，并可能用黑布盖住蜂箱。动词原形cover“遮盖，覆盖”符合句意，在句中和knock、deliver并列和情态动词would一起构成复合谓语。故选C项。
97．考查副词。句意：Norman先生说，这种做法在英国更为普遍，但在美国和欧洲其他地区也有。副词commonly“普遍地”符合句意，在句中作状语，修饰动词过去分词known。故选B项。
98．考查名词。句意：在18世纪和19世纪，人们认为忽视告诉蜜蜂会导致各种不幸，包括它们的死亡或离开，或酿造蜂蜜失败。名词复数misfortunes“不幸，厄运”符合句意，在句中作lead to的宾语。故选H项。
99．考查名词。句意：诺曼先生说，如今，养蜂人可能不太可能相信自己会冒厄运，但他们可能会继续把这一传统作为“尊重的标志”。名词mark“标志”符合句意，构成名词短语，作介词as的宾语。故选G项。
100．考查动词。句意：Stephen Fleming是一位养蜂25年的养蜂人，也是英国养蜂人杂志《蜜蜂争霸》的联合编辑，他说，他曾在一位朋友去世后执行过这一传统。动词过去式performed“执行，履行”符合句意，在句中作谓语。故选I项。

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
  
Today’s children are exhausted, and not just because one in three kids is not getting enough sleep. Sleep deprivation in kids (who require at least nine hours a night, depending on age) has been found to ____101____ decrease academic achievement, lower intelligence test scores, slow physical growth, and ____102____ to moodiness and irritability. While the argument for protecting our children’s sleep time is convincing, there is another kind of rest that is ____103____ and beneficial to our children’s academic, emotional, and creative lives: daydreaming.
Not all mental downtime (停工休息期) is alike, of course. Downtime spent playing a videogame or watching a television show may have its ____104____, but the kind of downtime I am talking about is different. I’m talking about the kind of mind-wandering that happens when the brain is free of interruption and allowed to get rid of the ____105____ of the day. Television, video games, and other electronic ____106____ prevent this kind of mental wandering because they interrupt the flow of thoughts and memories that ____107____ the foundation of positive, productive daydreaming.
There is, however, another way of looking at mind wandering. For the individual, mind wandering offers the possibility of very real, personal reward, some immediate, some more ____108____. These rewards include self-awareness, memory consolidation, future planning, simulating the ____109____ of another person, evaluating the implications of self and others’ emotional reactions, moral reasoning.
In other words, daydreaming only seems lazy from the outside, but viewed from the inside or from the perspective of a psychologist, such as Kaufman, or a neuroscientist, such as Mary Helen, a complicated and extremely ____110____ neurological process is taking place. Viewed from the inside, our children are exploring the only space where they truly have autonomy: their own minds.

【答案】
101．E    102．H    103．K    104．C    105．A    106．B    107．J    108．G    109．D    110．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。如今的孩子疲惫不堪，这不仅仅是因为三分之一的孩子睡眠不足。睡眠不足会显著降低学习成绩，降低智力测试分数，减缓身体发育，并导致喜怒无常和易怒。虽然保护孩子睡眠时间的理由很有说服力，但还有一种休息方式：白日梦，被低估了，它对孩子的学习、情感和创造生活都有好处。
101．考查副词。句意：儿童（根据年龄不同每晚至少需要9个小时的睡眠）睡眠不足会显著降低学习成绩，降低智力测试分数，减缓身体发育，并导致喜怒无常和易怒。修饰动词decrease，结合句意表示“显著”应用significantly。故选E。
102．考查动词。句意：儿童（根据年龄不同每晚至少需要9个小时的睡眠）睡眠不足会显著降低学习成绩，降低智力测试分数，减缓身体发育，并导致喜怒无常和易怒。结合句意表示“导致”可知，短语为contribute to，且与上文decrease构成并列结构，应填原形。故选H。
103．考查动词。句意：虽然保护孩子睡眠时间的理由很有说服力，但还有一种休息方式：白日梦，被低估了，它对孩子的学习、情感和创造生活都有好处：白日梦。结合句意表示“低估”，应用动词underestimate，结合上文is可知，此处为一般现在时的被动语态。故选K。
104．考查名词。句意：休息时间花在玩电子游戏或看电视节目可能有它的魅力，但我所说的那种休息时间是不同的。作宾语，结合句意表示“魅力”，应填复数名词charms。故选C。
105．考查名词。句意：我说的是当大脑不受干扰，可以摆脱一天的烦恼时，就会发生的那种走神。作宾语，结合句意表示“烦恼”可知，应填复数名词worries。故选A。
106．考查名词。句意：电视、电子游戏和其他电子干扰物阻止了这种精神漫游，因为它们中断了加强积极、富有成效的白日梦基础的思想和记忆的流动。作主语，表示“干扰物”，应用名词distraction，由other修饰，应用复数形式。故选B。
107．考查动词。句意：电视、电子游戏和其他电子干扰物阻止了这种精神漫游，因为它们中断了加强积极、富有成效的白日梦基础的思想和记忆的流动。结合语境表示“加强”，应用动词strengthen，定语从句谓语与先行词memories保持一致，谓语用原形。故选J。
108．考查形容词。句意：对个人而言，走神提供了非常真实的个人回报的可能性，有些是即时的，有些则是遥远的。结合句意表示“遥远的”，应填形容词distant。故选G。
109．考查名词。句意：这些奖励包括自我意识、记忆巩固、未来规划、模仿他人的视角、评估自我和他人情绪反应的影响、道德推理。作宾语，结合句意表示“视角”，应用名词perspective。故选D。
110．考查形容词。句意：换句话说，做白日梦只是从外表上看显得懒惰，但从内部或从心理学家（如考夫曼）或神经学家（如玛丽·海伦）的角度来看，一个复杂而又极其多产的神经过程正在发生。结合句意表示“多产的”可知应填形容词productive，作定语。故选F。



Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．agreement B．aware C．communicating D．consider E. conflicts
F. gap G. recognize H. reflection I. sharing J. thoughtful K. value
The meaning of silence varies among cultural group. Silence may be ____111____, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every ____112____ with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs. Many native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of ____113____ among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these culture is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to ____114____ what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for ____115____.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with ____116____ among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show ____117____ between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be ____118____ of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should ____119____ their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing _____120_____ of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.

【答案】
111．J    112．F    113．C    114．D    115．H    116．E    117．A    118．B    119．G    120．K

【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述在不同的文化背景中，沉默的意义不同。
111．考查形容词。句意：沉默可能是在深思熟虑，也可能是一个人无话可说时的空虚。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要形容词，作表语，thoughtful“深思熟虑的”是形容词，符合句意。故选J。
112．考查名词。句意：沉默可能被一些文化团体视为极其不舒服；因此，可以尝试用对话填补每个空白。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要名词，作宾语，gap“空挡，缺口”是名词，符合句意。故选F。
113．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多美国原住民珍视沉默，并认为沉默是人与人之间交流的基本部分，就像一些传统的中国人和泰国人一样。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要不及物动词的现在分词形式，作介词of的宾语，communicating“交流”是不及物动词的现在分词形式，符合句意。故选C。
114．考查动词。句意：因此，当一个来自这些文化的人在讲话时突然停止，这可能意味着该人希望听众在继续之前考虑所说的内容。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要及物动词，后面what has been said是它的宾语从句，consider“考虑”是及物动词，符合句意。故选D。
115．考查名词。句意：在这些文化中，沉默是一种反思的呼唤。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要名词，作宾语，reflection“反思”是名词，符合句意。故选H。
116．考查名词。句意：其他文化可能会以其他方式使用沉默，尤其是在处理人与人之间的冲突或权力不同的人之间的关系时。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要名词，作宾语，conflicts“冲突”是名词，符合句意。故选E。
117．考查名词。句意：例如，俄罗斯人、法国人和西班牙人可能会用沉默来表示双方对讨论的主题达成一致。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要名词，作宾语，agreement“同意，达成一致”是名词，符合句意。故选A。
118．考查形容词。句意：当护士和其他护理人员遇到患者可能正在经历的个人焦虑时，他们需要意识到沉默的可能含义。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要形容词，作表语，aware“意识到的”是形容词，符合句意。故选B。
119．考查谓语动词。句意：护士应该认识到他们自己的沉默的个人和文化结构，这样患者的沉默就不会被过早打断或被不必要地继续下去。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要动词，作谓语，recognize“意识到”是动词，符合句意。故选G。
120．考查名词。句意：了解沉默的治愈价值的护士可以利用这种理解来帮助照顾来自自己和其他文化的患者。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要名词，作宾语，value“价值”是名词，符合句意。故选K。

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．improve  B．ignore   C．acceptable  D．crowd  E. desire  F. affect
G. secondary  H. assignment  I. reduce   J. achieve  K. up-to-date
Everyone wants to be the best High School student. Unlikely, only few top it. Want to be one of them? Follow these tips, know the secret only the toppers know!Dream big
You are the product of your thoughts. Dream big and have a higher purpose to live. Dream makes you ____121____ for something necessary for your life. It ensures a high level of excitement, and thus you stay highly focused. Therefore, you should be serious about dreaming big and ____122____ the quality of your life. Find the reasons to get good grades. Make your parents happy and your co-mates admire you. Do not be one among the ____123____; try being the top one above the crowd. Dreaming big motivates you and makes you ____124____ more.
Do one task at a time
Avoid multitasking, like listening to songs while doing your homework or watching your favorite football show while doing a(n) ____125____. Do you think you are saving your time? But no, you are not. Multitasking can ____126____ your productivity and effectiveness. Affecting your work is ____127____, you know what? Multitasking can ____128____ your memory and reduce your IQ by 15 points.
Do not procrastinate (拖延)
Time and tide wait for none. It’s very easy to procrastinate and it is ____129____ occasionally. However, making a habit out of it is where things go wrong. Awareness and diligence are the keys to be excellent students in high school. Being on time is the virtue(美德). It is always advisable to complete tasks well before time, stay _____130_____, have preparation for exams beforehand, and stay on top of your game.
There is no shortcut to reach your dream. Still getting successful does not demand more of hard work. Little smart work can do everything.

【答案】
121．E    122．A    123．D    124．J    125．H    126．I    127．G    128．F    129．C    130．K
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要向高中学生提出几条变得更加优秀的具体建议。
121．考查动词。句意：梦想让你渴望得到生活必须的东西。分析句子并根据make sb do sth“使某人做某事”可知，空处应该用动词原形做句子的宾补成分，desire“渴望”，且desire for为固定搭配。故选E项。
122．考查动词。句意：因此，你认真考虑远大的梦想，并且改善你的生活品质。分析句子可知，空格处为与前面be并列的位于动词，improve“改善，提高”符合句意，位于should之后用动词原形。故选A项。
123．考查名词。句意：不要做人群中的路人甲；你要努力鹤立鸡群。分析句子可知，空处作介词among的宾语，crowd“人群”符合句意。故选D项。
124．考查动词。句意：志存高远会让你，实现更高的成就。分析句子并根据make sb do sth“使某人做某事”可知，空处应该用动词原形做句子的宾补成分，achieve“达到，实现”符合句意。故选J项。
125．考查名词。句意：避免多任务处理，比如在做作业的时候听歌，或者在做任务的时候看你最喜欢的足球节目。空格处做doing的宾语，assignment“任务”符合句意。故选H项。
126．考查动词。句意：多任务处理会降低你的效率和效率。can后接动词原形，reduce“减少”符合句意。故选I项。
127．考查形容词。句意：影响你的工作是次要的，你知道吗?is后接形容词，secondary“次要的”符合句意。故选G项。
128．考查动词。句意：多任务处理会影响你的记忆力，让你的智商降低15分。can后接动词原形，affect“影响”符合句意。故选F项。
129．考查形容词。句意：拖延是很容易的，偶尔也是可以接受的。此处后接形容词做表语，acceptable“可以接受的”符合句意。故选C项。
130．考查形容词。句意：最好提前完成任务，掌握最新信息，事先做好考试准备，保持最佳状态。stay后接形容词作表语，up-to-date“掌握最新信息的”符合句意。故选K项。

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．fit B．practice C．promising D．boast E. ingredients F. disturbed
G. evolution H. excuses I. passing J. stuck K. honouring
The Origin of Trick-or-treat
On October 31, hordes of children armed with Jack-o’-lantern-shaped buckets and pillow cases will take to the streets in search of sugar. Trick-or-treating for candy is equivalent to Halloween, but the tradition had to go through a centuries-long ____131____ to arrive at the place it is today. So how did the holiday become an opportunity for kids to get free sweets? You can blame pagans (异教徒), Catholics, and candy companies.
Historians agree that a Celtic autumn festival called Samhain (萨温节) was the origin of modern Halloween. Samhain was a time to celebrate the last harvest of the year and the approach of the winter season. It was also a festival for ____132____ the dead. One way Celtics may have appeased the spirits they believed still walked the Earth was by leaving treats on their doorsteps. When Catholics invaded Ireland in the 1st century CE, they rebranded many pagan holidays to ____133____ their religion. November 1st became the “feasts of All Saints and All Souls,” and the day before it was dubbed “All-Hallows’-Eve.” The new holidays looked a lot different from the original Celtic festival, but many traditions ____134____ around, including the practice of offering food to the dead. The food of choice for Christians became “soul cakes,” small pastries usually baked with expensive ____135____ and spices like currants and saffron.
Instead of leaving them outside for ____136____ ghosts, soul cakes were distributed to beggars who went door-to-door ____137____ to pray for souls of the deceased in exchange for something to eat. Sometimes they wore costumes to honour the saints—something pagans originally did to avoid being ____138____ by evil spirits. The ritual, known as “souling”, is believed to have planted the seeds for modern-day trick-or-treating.
It wasn’t until the 1950s that trick-or-treat gained popularity in the US. Following the Great Depression and World War II, the suburbs were booming, and people were looking for ____139____ to have fun and get to know their neighbours. The old _____140_____ of souling made a comeback and gave kids a chance to dress up in costumes and roam their neighbourhoods. Common trick-or-treat offerings included nuts, coins, and homemade baked goods (“treats” that most kids would turn their noses up at today).


【答案】
131．G    132．K    133．A    134．J    135．E    136．I    137．C    138．F    139．H    140．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了万圣节的演变历史，这与异教徒，天主教徒和糖果公司有密切关系。
131．考查名词。句意：“不给糖就捣蛋”相当于万圣节，但这一传统经历了数百年的演变才达到今天的地步。前面的centuries-long是一个形容词，横线上需要一个名词，根据后面的arrive at the place it is today可知这里说的是万圣节的演变历史。故选G项。
132．考查动名词。句意：萨温节是庆祝一年中最后的收获和冬季来临的时刻。这也是一个纪念逝者的节日。根据常识可知，这里说的是纪念逝者，且横线前是介词for，所以横线上的动词用动名词形式，即honouring。故选K项。
133．考查动词。句意：当天主教徒在公元1世纪入侵爱尔兰时，他们重新定义了许多异教节日，以适应他们的宗教。根据语境可知，这里是说天主教徒重新定义节日，目的是为了适应他们自己的宗教，横线前面是to，后面应接动词原形构成动词不定式。故填fit。故选A项。
134．考查动词。句意：新的节日看起来与最初的凯尔特节日有很大的不同，但许多传统保留了下来，包括向死者提供食物的做法。根据前面的looked a lot different以及后面的but转折可知，这里是说传统留存下来，根据句子时态，这里用一般过去时，用stuck。故选J项。
135．考查名词。句意：基督徒选择的食物变成了“灵魂蛋糕”，这种小糕点通常用昂贵的配料和像加仑子和藏红花这样的香料烘焙而成。横线前面是形容词expensive，则横线上填一个名词，根据后面的currants and saffron可知这里说的是配料。故选E项。
136．考查非谓语动词。句意：灵魂饼不是放在外面给路过的鬼魂吃，而是分发给挨家挨户的乞丐，他们承诺为死者的灵魂祈祷，以换取吃的东西。根据语境以及常识可知，这里是说路过的鬼魂，pass用现在分词形式作定语，即passing。故选I项。
137．考查非谓语动词。句意：灵魂饼不是放在外面给路过的鬼魂吃，而是分发给挨家挨户的乞丐，他们承诺为死者的灵魂祈祷，以换取吃的东西。根据语境以及后面的to pray for可知，promise符合题意，这里是现在分词表主动。故选C项。
138．考查被动语态。句意：有时他们穿着纪念圣徒的服装——异教徒最初这样做是为了避免被邪恶的灵魂打扰。根据常识以及前面的avoid可知，这里说的是避免被打扰，横线上用过去分词形式构成被动语态。故选F项。
139．考查名词。句意：在大萧条和第二次世界大战之后，郊区蓬勃发展，人们都在寻找借口去玩和了解他们的邻居。横线上填一个名词做介词for后面的宾语，根据后面的have fun可知，这里是说寻找借口。故选H项。
140．考查名词。句意：古老的“灵魂”活动又卷土重来了，让孩子们有机会盛装打扮，在他们的社区里闲逛。这里根据前面的old可知横线上填一个名词，根据语境分析，这里说的是活动。故选B项。

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．ignored    B．coincidentally    C．immoral    D．inexpensive    E. published
F. cases      G. values     H. change      I. simply    J. announced   K. honest
Money is the root of all evil and new study claims there may be some truth behind the saying. Scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, US,____141____on February 27 that rich people are more likely to do____142____things, such as lie or cheat, than poorer people. The scientists did a series of eight experiments. They____143____their findings online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.They carried out the first two experiments from the sidewalk near Berkeley. They noted that drivers of newer and more expensive cars were more likely to cut off other cars and pedestrians at crosswalks. Nearly 45 percent of people driving expensive cars____144____a pedestrian compared with only 30 percent of people driving more____145____cars.
In another experiment, a group of college students was asked if they would do unethical(不道德的) things in various everyday situations and____146____included taking printer paper from work and not telling a salesperson when he or she gave back more____147____. Students from higher-class families were more likely to act dishonestly.
According to the scientists, rich people often think money can get them out of trouble. This makes them less afraid to take risks. It also means they care less about other people’s feelings.
Finally, it____148____makes them greedier. “Higher wealth status seems to make you want even more, and that increased want leads you to bend the rules or break the rules to serve your self-interest,” said Paul Piff, lead scientist of the study.
Piff pointed out that the findings don’t mean that all rich people are untrustworthy or all poor people____149____. He said the experiments were to show how people living in different social situations express their____150____and instincts in different ways.

【答案】
141．J    142．C    143．E    144．A    145．D    146．F    147．H    148．I    149．K    150．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。通过研究调查科学家发现富人比穷人更容易做出诸如撒谎或欺骗等不道德的事情。
141．考查动词。句意：美国加州大学伯克利分校的科学家于2月27日宣布，富人比穷人更容易做出诸如撒谎或欺骗等不道德的事情。设空处在句中作谓语，叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；动词announced，意为“宣布”，复合句意。故选J项。
142．考查形容词。句意见上题解析。分析句子可知，设空处应为形容词修饰名词；形容词immoral，意为“不道德的”，符合句意。故选C项。
143．考查动词。句意：他们在《美国国家科学院院刊》网上发表了他们的发现。设空处在句中作谓语，叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。动词published，意为“出版、发表”，符合句意。故选E项。
144．考查动词。句意：近45%开豪车的人无视行人，而开便宜车的人只有30%。设空处在句中作谓语，叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；动词ignored，意为“忽视、忽略”，符合句意。故选A项。
145．考查形容词。句意见上题解析。设空处后为名词，设空处应为形容词，形容词inexpensive，意为“便宜的”，符合句意。故选D项。
146．考查副词。句意：在另一项实验中，一组大学生被问及他们是否会在各种日常情况下做不道德的事情，其中包括从工作中拿走打印纸，以及在销售人员多找零时不告诉他(她)。设空处在句中作宾语，应用名词的形式，被various修饰应用复数；名词case，意为“具体情况，实例；病例”符合句意。故选F项。
147．考查名词。句意见上题解析。设空处在句中作宾语，应用名词的形式；名词change，意为“零钱”，符合句意。故选H项。
148．考查副词。句意：最后，这只会让他们更贪婪。设空处应为副词的形式修饰动词make；副词simply，意为“仅仅，只，不过；简直”符合句意。故选I项。
149．考查形容词。句意：皮夫指出，研究结果并不意味着所有富人都不值得信赖，也不意味着所有穷人都诚实。设空作表语，应用形容词的形式；形容词honest，意为“诚实的”符合句意。故选K项。
150．考查名词。句意：他说，这些实验是为了展示生活在不同社会环境中的人们如何以不同的方式表达他们的价值观和本能。设空处前为形容词性的物主代词，设空处应用名词的形式；名词value，意为“价值观”，符合句意。结合下文instincts判断用其复数形式。故选G项。

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．hike    B．requires      C．hosts      D．man-made    E. attraction   
F. Belonging  G. peak  H. introduce  I. romantic   J. fascinating   K. sun-bathe
Touring “Treasure Island”
Chinese mainland tourists will be able to visit Taiwan via charted flights in July according to two landmark agreements signed on June 13. So, 21st Century invited two young Taiwanese to __151__ their favorite site on the island.
Yangming Mountain, north of Taipei
Young couples can definitely enjoy a __152__ evening on the mountain and a bird’s eye view of the Taipei city. College students often visit the mountain for a __153__: others ride motorbike to the top. The mountain and the nearby town of Pei-tou have many hot springs, which often appear in romantic Taiwan TV dramas.
Ali Mountain, Jiayi County
Ali Mountain is the general name for 18 hills. The highest __154__ of Ali Mountain is Tower Hill, which has a height of 2,663 meters. Ali Mountain is famous for its “five rare sites” - the sunrise, the Ali mountain Forest Railway, the famous Alishan Sacred Tree, the Grand Sea of Clouds and the Flamboyant Cherry Blossom. The best time to visit the __155__ scenery is during the comfortable midsummer.
Taipei 101 tower, Taipei
The 101-floor landmark is one of the world’s tallest completed skyscrapers. Besides the shops inside and outside the tower, Taipei 101 __156__ splendid firework shows during festivals. A new __157__ next to the tower is under construction. It will be a __158__ beach on which the public will be permitted to __159__.
Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Memorial Hall and Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, Taipei
The squares in front of these halls are open all day to the public. They have become a paradise to colleges students, who often meet there for an activity that __160__ space. You will run into students dancing, rehearsing skits or even playing musical instruments.

【答案】
151．H    152．I    153．A    154．G    155．J    156．C    157．E    158．D    159．K    160．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了宝岛台湾的一些景点。
151．考查动词。句意：因此，《21世纪英文报》邀请了两位台湾年轻人来介绍他们最喜欢的台湾岛景点。分析句子成分可知，空处需要一个动词与to构成不定式作宾补。结合选项和句意可知，introduce“介绍”符合题意。故选H。
152．考查形容词。句意：年轻的情侣们绝对可以在山上享受一个浪漫的夜晚，并俯瞰台北的城市。分析句子成分可知，空处需要一个形容词修饰evening。结合选项和句意可知，romantic“浪漫的”符合题意。故选I。
153．考查名词。句意：大学生经常登山远足，其他人骑摩托车到山顶。分析句子成分可知，空前为冠词，所以空处为名词。结合句意“其他人骑摩托车到山顶”可知，前后对比，说明登山方式不同，所以空处为“远足登山”，名词hike“远足”符合题意，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故选A。
154．考查名词。句意：阿里山的最高峰是塔山，高2663米。空前为形容词最高级，所以空处应为名词。根据句意“高2663米”可知，空处应为peak“顶峰”。故选G。
155．考查形容词。句意：游览这迷人风景的最佳时间是在舒适的盛夏。空后为名词，所以空处应为形容词修饰。根据句意“最佳时间是在舒适的盛夏”可知，在盛夏风景最迷人，形容词fascinating“迷人的”符合题意。故选J。
156．考查动词时态。句意：除了塔内外的商店，台北101在节日期间还会举办精彩的烟花表演。空前为主语，空后为宾语“firework shows”，所以空处应为谓语动词host“举办”。照应前文“The 101-floor landmark is one of the world’s tallest completed skyscrapers.”的时态，也应为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，所以填hosts。故选C。
157．考查名词。句意：塔旁边的一个新景点正在建设中。空前为形容词，所以空处应为名词。根据后文“It will be a man-made beach on which the public will be permitted to sun-bathe.”可知，这是一处景点，名词attraction“景点”符合题意。故选E。
158．考查形容词。句意：这将是一个人造海滩，公众可以在上面晒太阳。空后为名词，所以空处应为形容词修饰。根据前文“A new attraction next to the tower is under construction.”可知，这是人造景点，形容词man-made“人造的”符合题意。故选D。
159．考查动词。句意：句意：这将是一个人造海滩，公众可以在上面晒太阳。空前为固定搭配be permitted to do sth. “被允许做某事”，所以空处为动词原形。根据句意“这将是一个人造海滩”可知，可以晒太阳，动词sun-bathe“沐浴阳关”符合题意。故选K。
160．考查动词。句意：它们已经成为大学生的天堂，他们经常在那里聚会，进行需要空间的活动。 分析句子成分可知，空前的that引导的是定语从句修饰activity，所以空处应为定语从句的谓语动词，照应本句时态，应为一般现在时。根据后文“You will run into students dancing, rehearsing skits or even playing musical instruments.”可知，举办活动需要空间，动词require“需要”符合题意。故选B。

Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．public        B．inadequate        C．lowered        D．released         E. disappointment
F. casting      G. possibility      H. objective      I. desperately      J. balance
K. compared
Why Aren’t Women Happier?
Why aren’t women happier these days?
That’s the question raised by a thought-provoking study, The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness, ___161___ last month. The research showed that over the past 35 years women’s happiness has declined, both ___162___ to the past and relative to men even though the lives of women in the US have improved in recent decades by most ___163___ measures.
The research, by University of Pennsylvania economists Stevenson and Wolfers, and made ___164___ by the National Bureau of Economic Research, found the decline in happiness to be widespread among women across a variety of demographic(人口统计)groups. The researchers, for instance, measured similar declines in happiness among women who were single parents and married parents, “___165___ doubt on the hypothesis(假设)that trends in marriage and divorce, single parenthood or work/family ___166___ are at the root of the happiness declines among women,” they wrote.
One theory for the decline in happiness is that expectations for workplace and general advancement were raised too high by the women’s movement and women might feel ___167___ for not “having it all,” as a Los Angeles Times columnist recently put it.
The researchers acknowledge that’s a ___168___ :
“If the women’s movement raised women’s expectations faster than society was able to meet them,” the paper says, “they would be more likely to experience ___169___ in their lives.” But they add things could change for the better: “As women’s expectations move into adjustment with their experiences, this decline in happiness may reverse.”
Readers, why do you think women are unhappier than in the past? Do you think that if expectations for “having it all” were ___170___ to “move into adjustment with experiences,” women might be happier?

【答案】
161．D    162．K    163．H    164．A    165．F    166．J    167．B    168．G    169．E    170．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。一项研究——《女性幸福感下降的悖论》提出了现如今女性幸福感下降的问题，文章分析了其中的原因。
161．考查非谓语动词。句意：上个月发布的一项发人深省的研究《女性幸福感下降的悖论》提出了这个问题。空处缺少非谓语动词修饰The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness，根据语境可知，此处表示The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness为上个月被发表的研究，released“发布、发表”为过去分词，在此处作后置定语。故选D。
162．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究表明，在过去的35年里，无论是与过去相比，还是与男性相比，女性的幸福感下降了，尽管从大多数客观标准来看，美国女性的生活在最近几十年有所改善。根据relative to men及空格后的介词to可知，空处用compared，构成compared to结构作状语。故选K。
163．考查形容词。句意同上。空处修饰measures，且空格前面有most，空处用形容词原级，构成最高级。结合语境可知，此处表示“客观标准”，用objective“客观的”。故选H。
164．考查短语。句意：这项由宾夕法尼亚大学经济学家史蒂文森和沃尔弗斯进行的、由美国国家经济研究局公布的研究发现，在各种人口群体中，女性的幸福感都普遍下降。分析句子可知，made与其后的部分修饰the research，make public为固定短语，意思为：公布、公开。故选A。
165．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，研究人员测量了类似的单身和已婚女性幸福感下降，他们写道，“对婚姻和离婚、单身父母或工作/家庭平衡的趋势是女性幸福感下降的根源的假设提出了质疑。”cast doubt on为固定短语，意思为“对……提出质疑”，空处用非谓语动词作状语，且researchers与cast构成主动关系，用现在分词。故选F。
166．考查名词。句意同上。根据“trends in marriage and divorce, single parenthood or work/family 　　6　　”可知，空处缺少名词，表示“婚姻和离婚、单身父母或工作/家庭平衡的趋势”，空处用balance表示“平衡”。故选J。
167．考查形容词。句意：正如《洛杉矶时报》的一位专栏作家最近所说，关于幸福感下降的一个理论是，对工作和总体发展的期望被女性运动推得过高，如果没有“拥有一切”，女性可能会感到不自信。空处放在feel后用形容词作表语，结合“that expectations for workplace and general advancement were raised too high by the women’s movement”可知，如果女性没有“拥有一切”，她们会感到不自信。inadequate“没有信心的、不够的、不好的”符合题意。故选B。
168．考查名词。句意：研究人员承认这是一种可能性。分析句子可知，空处作表语，放在a后，用可数名词单数，结合下文语境，此处表示上文描述的现象是一种可能性，possibility“可能性”符合题意。故选G。
169．考查名词。句意：“如果妇女运动提高妇女期望的速度快于社会满足她们的速度，”文章说，“她们就更有可能在生活中经历失望。”空处放在experience后作宾语，为名词，结合语境可知，妇女运动提高妇女期望的速度快于社会满足她们的速度，她们会感到失望。disappointment“失望”。故选E。
170．考查动词语态。句意：你认为，如果降低对“拥有一切”的期望，以“适应经验”，女性可能会更快乐吗？根据““move into adjustment with experiences,””并结合句意可知，此处表示期望被降低，空处缺少过去分词lowered构成被动语态。故选C。

Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word con only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．virtually   B．swiftly   C．avoiding   D．appeal   E. feasible   F. imposed   G. reducing   H. released
I. limited   J. fuel    K. authority
It sounds like a science-fiction nightmare. But “killer robots” have the likes of British scientist Step hen Hawking and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak warning the machines could ____171____ ethnic cleansings (种族清洗) and an arms race. Autonomous weapons, which use artificial intelligence to select targets without human intervention have been described as “the third revolution in warfare, after gunpowder and nuclear arms,” about 1,000 teach scientists wrote in an open letter on July 28, 2015.
Unlike drones, which require a human hand in their action, this kind of robot would have some autonomous decision-making abilities and the capacity to act on its own ____172____.
“The key question for humanity today is whether to start a global AI(artificial intelligence)arms race or to prevent it from starting,” they wrote. “If any major military power pushes ahead with AI weapon development, a global arms race is ____173____ inevitable,” said the letter ____174____ at the opening of the 2015 International Joint conference on Artificial intelligence in Buenos Aires.
The idea of an automated killing machine, made famous by Amold Schwarzenegger’s Terminator, is moving ____175____ from science fiction to reality, according to the scientists. “The organization of such systems is — practically if not legally — ____176____ within years, not decades,” the letter said.
The development of such weapons, while potentially ____177____ the extent of battlefield injuries, might also lower the necessity for going to battle, noted the scientists.
The scientists painted a terrible scenario in which autonomous weapons fall into the hands of terrorists, dictators or war lords hoping to carry out ethnic clean sings.
The group concluded with a(n) ____178____ for a “ban on offensive autonomous weapons beyond meaningful human control.”
In a 2014 BBC interview, Howking said the development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race. “It would take off on its own, and re-design itself at an ever increasing rate. Humans, who are ____179____ by slow biological evolution, couldn’t compete, and would be replaced,” he said.
Authorities are gradually waking up to the risk of robot wars. Last May, the US government ____180____ a 10-year human control requirement on automated weapons. For the first time, the United Nations brought governments together to begin talks on so-called fatal autonomous weapons systems that can select targets and carry out attacks without direct human intervention.

【答案】
171．J    172．K    173．A    174．H    175．B    176．E    177．G    178．D    179．I    180．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家们担心“机器人杀手”可能会加剧种族清洗和军备竞赛。
171．考查动词。句意：但是英国科学家霍金以及苹果联合创始人沃兹尼亚克都对此忧心忡忡。他们警告世人：这样的机器可能会引发种族清洗和军备竞赛。根据后文“ethnic cleansing and an arms race”以及句意“引发”可知应填动词fuel，could后跟动词原形。故填fuel。故选J。
172．考查名词。句意：无人机还需要人来操控其行动，杀手机器人与其不同的是，他们某种程度上拥有自主决策能力，以及自我行动的能力。根据上文“this kind of robot would have some autonomous decision-making abilities and the capacity to act on its own”以及句意“自我行动的能力”可知应填名词authority，故填authority。故选K。
173．考查副词。句意：2015年的国际人工智能联合大会在布宜诺斯艾利斯举行，这封信在大会的开幕式上公布：“如果有军事力量开始推动人工智能武器发展，全球军备竞赛将几乎不可避免”。根据上文“If any major military power pushes ahead with AI weapon development, a global arms race is”以及句意“几乎”可知应填副词virtually，修饰形容词inevitable。故填virtually。故选A。
174．考查动词。句意：2015年的国际人工智能联合大会在布宜诺斯艾利斯举行，这封信在大会的开幕式上公布：“如果有军事力量开始推动人工智能武器发展，全球军备竞赛将几乎不可避免”。根据后文“at the opening of the 2015 International Joint conference”以及句意“公开”可知应用过去分词released，作定语修饰letter。故填released。故选H。
175．考查副词。句意：根据科学家们的说法，自动杀人机器的概念正迅速从科幻小说变为现实，这一概念因阿默德·施瓦辛格的《终结者》而闻名。根据后文“from science fiction to reality”以及句意“迅速”可知应填副词swiftly，作状语。故填swiftly。故选B。
176．考查形容词。句意：“部署这类系统——特别是非法部署——可以在短短数年时间内完成，不需要几十年的时间。”根据后文“within years, not decades”以及句意可知应填形容词feasible，表示“可行的”。故填feasible。故选E。
177．考查动词。句意：科学家表示，这类武器的发展，有可能降低战场伤亡，但同时也可能降低了战争爆发的门槛。根据后文“the extent of battlefield injuries, might also lower the necessity for going to battle”以及句意“减少”可知应填reduce，此处应用其现在分词和while构成状语。故填reducing。故选G。
178．考查名词。句意：科学家们请求“在有意义的人类控制基础上，禁止攻击性自主化武器”。根据后文“for a “ban on offensive autonomous weapons beyond meaningful hum on control.””以及句意“请求”可知应填单数名词appeal，作宾语。故填appeal。故选D。
179．考查动词。句意：而人类受限于缓慢的生物进化，无法与其匹敌，最终会被其取代。”根据后文“by slow biological evolution”以及句意“受限”可知应填动词limit，此处为一般现在时的被动语态。故填limited。故选I。
180．考查动词。句意：2012年，美国政府强制规定自主武器需要10年人工控制。根据后文“a 10-year human control requirement on automated weapons”以及句意“强制实行”可知应填动词impose，结合上文可知为一般过去时。故填imposed。故选F。


Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word con only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．suffering   B．intensive   C．demanding   D．adopting   E. inactive   F. adapting   
G. available H. guarantee   I. distinctive   J. discouraging   K. distinct
Health and diet
In recent cars, many Asian countries have noticed a worrying new problem: obesity, which is also very serious in China. More than a third of Chinese adults are overweight. Even more worrying is the level of obesity among Chinese children. It is estimated that the number of children in China ____181____ from obesity is increasing by 10 % every year.
There are many reasons for this situation. The simplest explanation is that food is now ____182____ in greater quantities than ever before. Also, Chinese society is changing and people are ____183____ new kinds of lifestyle. There has been an influx of Western style fast food like hamburgers and fried chicken. These foods contain a lot of calorie and are a major cause of obesity. In addition, many children in China spend too much time in front of TVs or computers. To make things worse, millions of families drive around instead of cycling or walking. This ____184____  lifestyle is another reason for heavier people.
Increasing obesity is worrying for many reasons. The condition can lead to serious health problems, including increased risk of heart disease and even diabetes. Dealing with their health problems seems really costly and ____185____ , thus affecting people’ life negatively.
The government in China is taking action to deal with obesity, however. In many primary and middle schools, young students are receiving low calorie lunches with more vegetables and less meat and fat. Also, parents are ____186____ children from watching TV and playing computer games. In some big cities, there are also “fat camps” where seriously obese children receive ____187____ training, aiming at losing extra fat.
It is not ____188____ if these measures will be enough to slow down or stop the obesity trend in China. It is clear, though, what we are doing now is to guide people in ____189____ to healthier and more active lifestyle. It is the ____190____ of the rise in the index of people’s happiness.


【答案】
181．A    182．G    183．D    184．E    185．C    186．J    187．B    188．K    189．F    190．H
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了中国如今儿童普遍存在肥胖问题，解释了其背后的原因以及应对措施。
181．考查动词。句意：据估计，中国患肥胖症的儿童数量每年增加10%。根据后文“from obesity”以及句意可知应填现在分词suffering，作后置定语修饰children。故填suffering。故选A。
182．考查形容词。句意：最简单的解释是现在食物的数量比以往任何时候都要多。根据后文“in-greater quantities than ever before”以及句意可知应填形容词available，作表语。故填available。故选G。
183．考查动词。句意：此外，中国社会正在发生变化，人们正在采用新的生活方式。根据后文“new kinds of lifestyle”以及句意“采用”可知应填adopt，此处为现在进行时。故填adopting。故选D。
184．考查形容词。句意：这种不运动的生活方式是肥胖人群的另一个原因。根据后文“lifestyle is another reason for heavier people”以及句意“不活动的”应用形容词inactive，作定语。故填inactive。故选E。
185．考查形容词。句意：处理他们的健康问题似乎非常昂贵和费力，从而对人们的生活产生负面影响。根据上文“Dealing with their health problems seems really costly and”以及句意“费力的”可知应填形容词demanding，作表语。故填demanding。故选C。
186．考查动词。句意：此外，父母不鼓励孩子看电视和玩电脑游戏。根据上文“In many primary and middle schools, young students are receiving low calorie lunches with more vegetables and less meat and fat.(在许多小学和中学，年轻的学生吃的是低热量的午餐，蔬菜更多，肉和脂肪更少)”以及句意“不鼓励”可知应填动词discourage，结合上文are可知为现在进行时。故填discouraging。故选J。
187．考查形容词。句意：在一些大城市，也有“减肥营”，严重肥胖的儿童接受强化训练，旨在减掉多余的脂肪。根据后文“aiming at losing extra fat”以及句意“强化”可知应填形容词intensive，作定语。故填intensive。故选B。
188．考查形容词。句意：目前还不清楚这些措施是否足以减缓或阻止中国的肥胖趋势。根据后文“It is clear, though”以及句意“清楚”可知应填形容词distinct，作表语。故填distinct。故选K。
189．考查动词。句意：但很明显，我们现在所做的是引导人们适应更健康、更积极的生活方式。根据后文“to healthier and more active lifestyle”以及句意“适应”可知应填动词adapt，作介词宾语，应用动名词形式。故填adapting。故选F。
190．考查名词。句意：这是人民幸福指数上升的保证。根据后文“of the rise in the index of people’s happiness”以及句意“保证”可知应填名词guarantee，作表语。故填guarantee。故选H。


A．declined       B．eventually        C．flooded       D．handmade      E. producer      F. profit
G. remained       H. ruler            I. share            L. stressful       K. typically
In the early 19th century, Egypt connected two vast regions: the Ottoman Empire (奥斯曼帝国) and the African continent. For centuries, the Ottoman Empire had been at the center of Eurasian trade. It had also been a major center of manufacturing which produced ____191____ goods for Europe and Africa. However, the industrialization of Europe meant that cheaper goods made by machines soon ____192____ into the Ottoman Empire. The result of this competition was that Africa was increasingly seen as a place that provided new materials for European factories, rather than one that had factories of its own.
Egypt was an African country that was technically part of the Ottoman Empire. It was first invaded by the French army. With British help, the Ottoman forces drove the French out of Egypt. Following this, Muhammad Ali successfully brought about Egyptian independence from the Ottoman Empire. By 1831, he was effectively an independent ____193____ of a more modern Egypt.
Egypt was already a small-scale ____194____ of cotton, which was sold to Britain. Ali encouraged even more cotton production nationwide. With the money from this cotton production, Ali’s government began to aid factories so that the country could ____195____ from its own industrialization. By the late 1840s, it looked like Egypt would ____196____ become an industrial power.
However, Egypt’s economy slowly ____197____ . The factories stopped production, and by the 1880s, it had to borrow money from Britain. Though Egypt ____198____ formally independent, it seemed to be more like a British colony(殖民地).
Europeans kept interfering in Egypt partly because of the Suez Canal(苏伊士运河). Egypt’s new leaders were already ____199____ because of the industrial collapse that left their country unable to repay the money borrowed from Britain. Finally, in 1875, the king sold his ____200____ in the Suez Canal Company to the British, giving them control of this important national resource. The powerful British took advantage of this instability and seized the country.

【答案】
191．D    192．C    193．H    194．E    195．F    196．B    197．A    198．G    199．L    200．I
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲国家埃及的经济兴衰历史。
191．考查形容词。句意：它也是一个主要的制造业中心，为欧洲和非洲生产手工制品。根据上文“manufacturing which produced”以及句意“手工”可知应填形容词handmade，作定语。故填handmade。故选D。
192．考查动词。句意：然而，欧洲的工业化意味着机器制造的廉价商品很快涌入奥斯曼帝国。根据后文“into the Ottoman Empire”以及句意“涌入”可知应填动词flood，为一般过去时。故填flooded。故选C。
193．考查名词。句意：到1831年，他已经成为了现代埃及的独立统治者。作表语，表示“统治者”且被冠词an修饰应用单数名词ruler。故填ruler。故选H。
194．考查名词。句意：埃及当时已经是一个小规模的棉花生产国，棉花卖给了英国。根据后文“Ali encouraged even more cotton production nationwide.”以及句意“生产者”且被冠词a修饰应用单数名词producer，故填producer。故选E。
195．考查动词。句意：阿里政府用棉花生产的钱开始资助工厂，这样国家就可以从自己的工业化中获利。根据后文“from its own industrialization”以及句意“获利”可知应填动词profit，且could后跟动词原形。故填profit。故选F。
196．考查副词。句意：到了19世纪40年代末，埃及似乎最终成为了一个工业强国。根据后文“become an industrial power”可知应填副词eventually，作状语。故填eventually。故选B。
197．考查动词。句意：然而，埃及的经济慢慢衰退。根据后文“The factories stopped production, and by the 1880s, it had to borrow money from Britain.(工厂停止生产，到19世纪80年代，它不得不向英国借钱)”以及句意“衰退”可知应填动词decline，为一般过去时。故填declined。故选A。
198．考查动词。句意：虽然埃及在形式上保持独立，但它看起来更像是英国的殖民地。根据后文“formally independent”以及句意“保持”可知应填动词remain，为一般过去时。故填remained。故选G。
199．考查形容词。句意：埃及的新领导人已经很有压力了，因为工业崩溃让他们的国家无力偿还从英国借的钱。根据后文“because of the industrial collapse that left their country unable to repay the money borrowed from Britain”以及句意“有压力”可知应填形容词stressful，作表语。故填stressful。故选L。
200．考查名词。句意：最后，在1875年，国王把他在苏伊士运河公司的股份卖给了英国人，让他们控制了这一重要的国家资源。根据后文“in the Suez Canal Company”以及句意“股份”可知应填名词share，作宾语。故填share。故选I。