17. 阅读理解六选四专练 -版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典

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第17讲： 阅读理解六选四专项训练



阅读六选四真题精练、考前巩固

A．Working with other cultures is not for everyone.
B．One way is training, and many companies now invest substantial amounts of money to prepare people to cope with living and working in another culture.
C．It used to be so easy.
D．The ideal person for an overseas assignment has to be delegated when necessary.
E．One way is to try and find out how aware they are of other cultures.
F．They need to be able to accept other ways of doing things.

How do companies decide who to send overseas? ____1____ Just find someone with the right background, ask them if they wanted to go, and that was it. So an engineer just needed to be able to offer the technical expertise required to do the job, a manager simply needed to know the right people, an accountant needed to know how the books worked and nothing else. If they could speak English, then they could probably do the job.
But times are changing. More and more overseas assignments are failing. The reason? Lack of intercultural competence. Companies have discovered that finding the right person for the job is much more than simply identifying the person who could have done the job if it had been in their home country. ____2____ And this failure is more than irritating. It costs companies a lot of money to replace someone who does not fit in.
So how do companies judge if someone has the right competence for a job in another country? ____3____ Are they interested in other ways of doing things? Can they see advantages and disadvantages, or only their own viewpoint? Sensitivity is a key factor too. Is the person able to deal with other ways of looking at a problem? How do they deal with authority? What about motivation? Are they willing to treat others with respect and understanding? Such questions can be answered partly by the use of questionnaires and interviews, but of course only real experience can give the final answer.
So what else can a company do to make sure that a person is right for an overseas assignment? ____4____ Experienced colleagues can also be used to ease someone through the first stages. And another key area is to make sure that the relatives receive similar backup and training: it’s no good having a happy employee who is under pressure from his or her partner to come home.

Is breakfast really that important?
With almost 20% of people reporting skipping the first meal of the day, people are wondering whether breakfast is really that important. Well, the overwhelming majority of research supports that breakfast is more than something your Mom nagged you about. ____5____.
The National Weight Control Registry is tracking over 10,000 Americans who have lost significant amounts of weight and kept it off for long periods of time. ____6____.Other large studies have linked eating breakfast to decreased waistlines. Skipping breakfast may turn out to be one of the worst barriers to your weight loss efforts, for certain individuals. It is because not eating breakfast may lead to their increased amounts of late-night snacking.
____7____. Academic performance is associated with eating breakfast in children and teens, including improvements in reading, math and science. Nutrition can improve cognitive function, and deficiencies of key vitamins and minerals are linked to decreased concentration and cognition.
Moreover, skipping breakfast leads to malnutrition and lack of specific nutrients, which is linked to aggression and problem behaviors. ____8____.

A．A large percentage of participants, around 78%, claim that it is a daily routine for them to have this meal in the morning.
B．For example, there are strong and consistent links to increased bullying behavior with skipping breakfast in both boys and girls.
C．However, many people skip breakfast or substitute a donut (炸面圈) and a cup of coffee for a well-balanced meal.
D．Actually it turns out to be an important daily behaviour that benefits people in different aspects.
E．While breakfast has its benefits, it might not be the most important meal.
F．Benefits of breakfast go way beyond physical aspects of health.



We all regard receiving presents as a pleasant experience and yet it can be one of the most awkward situations. It is often difficult to look pleased when you receive a gift which is useless or the wrong size.
___9___ However, you have no right to change an article purchased just because it does not fit or is not to your liking. Worse still, the agreement on the sale is between the person who bought it and the shop.
So you will have to tell your favourite aunt that the T-shirt does not fit. But an exchange is not always that simple because there has to be a good reason for it. ___10___ For example, if the buyer was told that a switch was voice-operated and later found out it was not, then action could be taken. You would have the right to return it and get the money back.
But if you are returning something, no matter what the reason is, you will be expected to have proof of purchase. If the receipt cannot be found, then it is possible to use another proof of purchase such as a credit card receipt. If all of these have been lost, you may have to rely on a witness.
Many big stores have a much more tolerant policy towards return and see it as a gesture of good will to exchange goods without question. Stores including Marks & Spencer are well-known for their “no argument” policy on returned goods. ___11___
So if a shop refuses to exchange the goods or to offer a refund, the seller is likely to be within his legal rights unless there is something wrong with the goods. In that case, the boot is on the other foot. You have every right to demand a cash refund or a replacement, but only if you have returned it within a “reasonable” time.
___12___ Some shops and stores expect things to be returned within a week of purchase, while others may permit a much longer time limit. in any case, if you return a thing after what is considered a “reasonable” time, then all you are legally entitled to is the cost of repair.
A．It is unlike anything you would buy for yourself.
B．However, shoppers should remember this is a privilege, not a right.
C．Unfortunately, the law does not explain what it meant by “reasonable”.
D．All you can do is exchange it after your friend or relative has gone home.
E．Either the thing has to be broken or unsuitable for the job it was intended to do.
F．You should make clear what your legal position is before returning goods to the shop.

Getting sick is an invariable(永恒的) part of people lives. ____13____. This difference hasn’t been more pronounced since the start of the novel coronavirus epidemic—when a great number of people are falling ill at all the same time.
The conditions in the US are getting worse quickly, which is largely due to the fact that there is no universal healthcare system. According to the 2019 US Census, 28 million people are not covered or do not have adequate health insurance, meaning that they would probably avoid getting tested for the virus, for fear of the cost of being hospitalized.
“____14____ So many people have no alternative but to try to keep working and caring for children so as to keep life going, and by consequence, they are spreading the virus simply because they have no other choice,” wrote reporter James Hamblin on the Atlantic.
Germany, on the contrary, has one of the world’s best-developed and most expensive public healthcare systems that covers every citizen. People in Germany—who have “high levels of job security”, according to the Los Angeles Times—are also more likely to follow the quarantine measures and stay at home without having to worry about losing their jobs. ____15____.
“The conditions to deal with the virus in Germany are among the best in the world,” said German Chancellor Angela Merkel, according to the Los Angeles Times.
Japan also has universal public healthcare, but it brings another kind of problem: People tend to seek more medical care than necessary. According to Yusuke Tsugawa, a physician at Harvard University, Japan has three times more outpatient visits than the US, and patients also stay in hospital for three times longer than in the US. ____16____.
“It isn’t good to do tests just to ease public anxiety,” Kentaro Iwata, an infectious disease expert at Kobe University. Japan , told Reuters. “If they test every one with light symptoms, the medical system will puncture(破损).”
Indeed, a country’s healthcare system is the key to keeping its people safe--it’s also the key to whether a country can survive a crisis like the novel coronavirus pandemic.
A．Both explain why the country seems to be weathering(经受) the pandemic better than its European peers
B．The countries all over the world are short of medical supplies.
C．This often wastes medical resources, which are even more critical and precious during a global pandemic
D．But their attitudes toward being sick and hospital visits vary from country to country.
E．Germany has expanded restrictions on social interactions to try to control the coronavirus outbreak, banning public gatherings of more than two people.
F．There is a strong financial incentive(动机) to conceal (to hide) symptoms.

The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole.
The origin of the Eastern cultures is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers-the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India. ___17___
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain—the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.___18___ Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn’t distinguish from the European culture a lot.
___19___ Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic(象形文字的) language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race difference count as well.  But what’s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference(干扰) from the other.
The differences are everywhere. ___20___ But different cultures make the world more colourful. The cultural gap should not be the obstacle(障碍) to the civilization of human being. it ought to be the motivation of our going farther.
A．Let us work together to keep a variety of culture.
B．One important thing is to learn about other cultures.
C．And these two are well-known as the base of the European culture
D．At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences.
E．They are obvious and affect people’s ways of thinking and their views of the world.
F．They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.

Housing prices have been growing less and less affordable across the U. S. ____21____
Paragon Real Estate, a San Francisco real estate(房地产)company, has calculated that the median housing price in the city has risen $205, 000 since the end of 2017, the highest six - month gain in at least a quarter century. ____22____. That’s more than double the 7.2% rise in 2017, but not as high as the 26.1% rise in housing prices in 2000, during the peak of the bubble. It’s also below the 20% rise in 2007, just before the housing market crashed.
____23____. But it also reflects a broader trend in the U. S. The average home price in U. S. stands at around $260,000, after having risen for the past six years, Paragon said.
Home-buyers who can’t afford such inflationary(通货膨胀引起的)housing prices might consider buying an apartment. ____24____.
Paragon said that a sudden increase in both the asking prices for homes and the bids being placed by buyers, coupled with a multi - year decline in the number of homes listed for sale, have contributed to the sudden increase in prices. Housing activists in the Bay Area have grown more outspoken in calling for more available housing in the region.
There are signs that the affordable - housing problems that many residents in San Francisco struggle with are recurring in other cities, even if at a smaller scale. Home prices across the U. S. are by some measures at their least affordable levels since the financial crisis.
A．The median price for San Francisco apartments rose by $71,000 in the first half of 2018, a comparative bargain.
B．On a percentage basis, the median home price in San Francisco rose 14.5% over the past year to $1.6 million.
C．No city is a more fitting poster child for that trend than San Francisco.
D．The current housing construction pick-up supported overall GDP growth in first quarter and should do so in second quarter.
E．San Francisco may offer an extreme example of rising home prices.
F．In part, house prices have risen because interest have fallen and incomes have risen.

Lego in China
Engineers gather around a table-sized model of the China Art Museum, a landmark of Shanghai, adding airports for helicopters, car parks and other improvements with colorful bricks. ____25____Li Yang, visiting for a few days from Shenzhen, has been waiting for her daughter for two hours. Zhu Yunfei, watching his son, marvels at the variety: “Coming here to play with him is making up for my childhood,” he says. They drop by every week.
Lego’s rise in China has been shiningly attractive. In 2017 it overlook Alpha Group, a local giant, to become the country’s leading toy company (not including video games). In the past two years it has opened 89 stores and wants 50 more by December, which will bring it to 30 cities. Its first Chinese factory started making bricks in 2016. The toy industry is growing by 9% annually in the country, but the Danish firm’s Chinese section has won “very strong double digits(两位数)”, says Paul Huang, its boss.
____26____ In 2017 Lego cut 1,400 jobs and recorded its first drop in revenues and profits in over a decade. But last year both ticked up again, by 4% each. Lego has thus retained its status as the world’s biggest toy-maker, snatched from Mattel in 2014 - even as its American rival last year earned its highest revenues in five years from its Barbie dolls.
Newly wealthy parents in China have helped Lego recover. “We have not reached the extreme out there, by far,” says Niels Christiansen, whom Lego brought in as chief executive two years ago. ____27____ Last year 98% of those surveyed by Lego said that play was essential for their child’s well-being, even more than Americans and Danes.
Lego has also sensibly managed to meet the demands of local tastes. _____28_____ Fans were delighted at the attention to cultural detail. One was a Chinese New Year’s Eve dinner kit, with tiny red envelopes and chunlian, lucky couplets on banners pasted around doorways. A dragon boat race set included a sticky-rice dumpling, a popular festival snack. The high-quality kits are pricey, costing up to 700 yuan ($100) a piece.
A．It has done so even though the brick-maker’s global business has looked shakier.
B．It has been sold in great volumes with various kinds of sets and earned the fame as the most suitable toys for children to play with.
C．Removing a child from Lego’s vast shop near People’s Square can be like unsticking two stubborn bits of Lego.
D．Over the past decades, Lego’s sales volume in China is not as satisfying as it expected.
E．As in the West, the educational merits of bricks appeal to Chinese parents.
F．This year the firm launched several sets specifically for China, the first time it has done so for any country.

How to Learn English Well
All English learners want to improve their English, but as you know, it can be difficult! For you, you need to work on all areas. The four main areas for you are: speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Here are some ways to help you learn well.
Speaking
Speak as much as possible! This is the best way to learn English. ___29___ The fastest way to learn English is to surround yourself with English speakers. Also, get into the habit of thinking in English. Don't translate from your own language into English—it will slow you down. And it's fun to sing in English, so learn some English songs and sing your heart out!
Listening
Like speaking, it's better for you to be in a totally English­speaking environment. It's also good to watch TV shows, or movies in English. ___30___ But the more you listen, the more you'll get. It's good to listen to something over and over again. First, try to get the general meaning, and then, listen a second time for more in­depth information.
Reading
Reading English is something you can do to help you learn on your own, outside of the classroom. Newspapers are good for higher­level students. So for lower levels, try reading children's stories or books which have been especially written for English learners. ___31___ You should find something that you can learn well from.
Writing
Try keeping a diary; write something in English in it every day, even if it's very simple. ___32___ And the Internet is a great way to help you learn English. Try to make friends online, visit chat rooms, or post comments on blogs. These are all useful tools for you.
A．Make a plan for yourself.
B．You won't learn much if you choose a book that is too difficult or too easy.
C．The English news can be difficult for you at first.
D．Start with small sentences and make them longer.
E．There is nothing better than conversations to help you improve.

How to save planet earth
Have you ever held a product in your hands and considered the existential weight of your purchase? Beyond each price tag hides a ripple effect. It expands from soil to water ways, grocery aisle to kitchen plates, factories to fulfillment centers and mail slots to landfills. This global impact has become less hidden in the past decade, and ignoring the people downstream from us has grown increasingly difficult.
We’re more aware than ever of the mark our consumption leaves on planet Earth, which now sustains nearly 8 billion people. Somehow, humans are still pumping more than 30 gig a tons of carbon dioxide(CO2)per year into the atmosphere, despite the mountain of evidence that CO2 is the top contributor to greenhouse gases causing global warming. ____33____We know we need to do better, but we feel helpless and overwhelmed. Let’s call this the eco-essential crisis; it applies on a deeply personal level for most environmentally aware humans, and on a global scale.
Climate journalist and author Tatiana Schlossberg says even a simple trip to the supermarket can feel paralyzing in 2021. “I want to buy the local thing, but it’s not organic. Or, maybe it’s in a plastic box,” she says. In her 2019 book Inconspicuous Consumption, she ventures way beyond the store aisle and into the web of less apparent ways that humans are damaging Earth. For example, your internet use is tied to extensive carbon emissions and energy consumption. ____34____ The world is more complicated than that.
In fact, being a good citizen on planet Earth with climate concerns, you’ve likely asked or agonized over this question: What should I do? ____35____ So, we took this question to five people who have immersed their careers, research and writing in the realities of climate science.
One of their most consistent insights may surprise you: Consumer responsibility misses the mark. “One of the major failings of the environmental movement is having everyone focus on these small things that everyone can do.” says Ayana Elizabeth Johnson-a marine biologist and co-host of the podcast How to Save a Planet. ____36____ There are just more meaningful and long-lasting ways to expend your energy in the climate fight. Most of them involve organization and collective action.
“Individuals join together to collectively have far more power changing the system than they can as individuals,” says Anthony Leiserowitz, director of the Yale Program on Climate Change Communication.
A．That doesn’t mean it’s none of your business.
B．these experts propose other key steps that every human can take toward a better future.
C．Similar challenge apply to use of plastics and consumption of meat and other goods.
D．Part of the challenge with the environmental movement is the astonishing list of things we need to change.
E．The solution to this problem, however, is not for you to stop using the internet, according to Schlossberg.
F．It’s easy to get lost in the storm of supposed answers around social media, the latest data sets and “ego-friendly” marketing campaigns.

Travel has existed since the beginning of time, when primitive man set out, often traversing great distances in search of game, which provided the food and clothing necessary for his survival. Throughout the course of history, people have travelled for purposes of trade, religious conviction, economic gain, war, migration and other equally compelling motivations. In the Roman era, wealthy aristocrats and high government officials also travelled for pleasure. Seaside resorts located at Pompeii and Herculaneum afforded citizens the opportunity to escape to their vacation villas in order to avoid the summer heat of Rome. ____37____
Tourism in the mass form as we know it today is a distinctly twentieth-century phenomenon. Historians suggest that the advent of mass tourism began in England during the industrial revolution with the rise of the middle class and the availability of relatively inexpensive transportation. The creation of the commercial airline industry following the Second World War and the subsequent development of the jet aircraft in the 1950s signaled the rapid growth and expansion of international travel. ____38____. In turn, international tourism became the concern of a number of world governments since it not only provided new employment opportunities but also produced a means of earning foreign exchange.
____39____. In most industrialized countries over the past few years the fastest growth has been seen in the area of services. One of the largest segments of the service industry, although largely unrecognized as an entity in some of these countries, is travel and tourism. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council（1992）, ‘Travel and tourism is the largest in the world on virtually any economic measure including value-added capital investment, employment and tax contributions’. In 1992, the industry’s gross output was estimated to be $3.5 trillion, over 12 percent of all consumer spending. The travel and tourism industry is the world's largest employer with almost 130 million jobs, or almost 7 percent of all employees. This industry is the world’s leading industrial contributor, producing over 6 percent of the world’s gross national product and accounting for capital investment in excess of $422 billion in direct, indirect and personal taxes each year. Thus, tourism has a profound impact both on the world economy and, because of the educative effect of travel and the effects on employment, on society itself.
However, the major problems of the travel and tourism industry that have hidden, or obscured, its economic impact are the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself. The travel industry includes: hotels, motels and other types of accommodation; restaurants and other food services; transportation services and facilities; amusements, attractions and other leisure facilities; gift shops and a large number of other enterprises. Since many of these businesses also serve local residents, the impact of spending by visitors can easily be overlooked or underestimated. ____40____. In fact, in all nations this problem has made it difficult for the industry to develop any type of reliable or credible tourism information base in order to estimate the contribution it makes to reginal, national and global economies. However, the nature of this very diversity makes travel and tourism ideal vehicles for economic development in a wide variety of countries, regions or communities.
A．Tourism today has grown significantly in both economic and social importance.
B．Now travel and tourism have become an institutionalized way of life for most of the population in this world.
C．Travel has continued to grow and played a vital role in the development of civilizations and their economies.
D．Experts point out that the tourism industry involves concepts that have remained amorphous（难以界定的）to both analysts and decision makers.
E．Because of this growth,tourism industry has emerged as the number one ranked employer.
F．This growth led to the development of a major new industry: tourism.

Getting Around Britain
In Britain, we still calculate distances in miles and we still drive on the left. Many of Britain’s roads follow ancient Roman roads and you have to pay at some old roll（收费）bridges dating back hundreds of years. In London, we still have red double-decker buses and black London taxis. Before they can work, London taxi drivers still have to spend about 18 months learning all about the streets of London to get ‘the knowledge’.
_____41_____There are now more than 25 million cars on our roads so traffic jams are common on Britain's motorways, like the M25 around London. _____42_____ You get delays caused by unpredictable events such as ‘leaves on the lines’ in autumn. To improve the situation in transport, the government is investing a lot of money in the railways and coming out with ‘new’ ideas like toll motorways and congestion charges in major cities like London.
Despite all of this, there are some fantastic ways of getting around the country and enjoying yourself at the same time._____43_____ Britain has thousands of miles of quiet country lanes and forest tracks which are ideal for keen cyclists. There are even more footpaths for walking holidays from one end of the country to the other, like Offa’s Dyke Footpath on the lovely borders of England and Wales. For more adventures, there are plenty of places for horse riding and canoeing as well as hang-gliding, paragliding and ballooning.
_____44_____ Britain has a great network of canals, a lot of them going through spectacular countryside. Another relaxed option is to go on one of Britain's many steam railways like the Seven Valley Railway or the Snowdown Railway which goes up the highest mountain in Wales. Just sit back and enjoy it!
A．For example, you can go on a cycling holiday.
B．However, not everything about British transport is as it used to be fifty years ago.
C．Nevertheless, there is one road in London, where you have to drive on the right!
D．And even though we invented the railways, our train network is not in a terribly good state.
E．If you want something a bit safer and less energetic, go on a narrow boat.
F．To sum up, Britain is a country that puts traditional and modern elements together.

London, being one of the most important cities of the modern world, is also a most visited tourist destination. With enormous political, economic, and cultural influence, the city has been the centre of the western world for hundreds of years. It’s difficult to imagine that less than 2,000 years ago, this energetic city was nothing more than a remote settlement for the western superpower of that time: the mighty Roman Empire.
In 55 BC, the Romans founded a small port settlement on the banks of the River Thames called Londinium. Within 150 years, Londinium’s population had risen to 45,000 and it had become a major trading post. While modern London is surely far bigger, ancient Londinium is still there in the heart of the city, where it’s more commonly known as the City of London. This area is the important financial centre of Britain. ____45____ He built himself a royal castle to protect his power.
____46____ To answer this question, we really need to consider what was happening across Europe. At the height of its power, the Roman Empire held ups and downs over most of Europe, as well as huge areas of Africa. While this had brought the Romans considerable wealth and power, it had brought them to a breaking point in terms of their ability to control their territories (领土) and maintain political power. Eventually, the empire began to fade. Rome stopped sending soldiers to help Londonium. By 407 AD, the Romans had abandoned the city altogether, and for the next 650 years, the Anglo-Saxons ruled the area. ____47____ As a coastal settlement, Londoners were constantly under threat of Viking attacks. More peaceful times came when Alfred the Great finally defeated the Vikings, and when his son, King Edward the Confessor, moved his Royal Court to Westminster Abbey in around 1040, London became the official royal city of England.
This continued to be the case when the Normans conquered Britain in 1066, and their leader, William the Conqueror, was crowned the first Norman King of England in Westminster Abbey. ____48____ Today it is known as the Tower of London.
A．So how did London get its start?
B．These were difficult, bloody centuries.
C．He built himself a royal castle to protect his power.
D．He moved his royal court out of Westminster Abbey.
E．But if Londinium was booming, why did the Romans leave?
F．While it is part of modern London, it is also technically a distinct county.

How to Live a Happy Life
Happiness is what we need most with the increase of pressure in modern life. However, sometimes it seems far away from us. Fortunately, this is not the case. Everyone has the ability to hang on to happiness with his own efforts. The following methods may lead you to long-lasting happiness.
•Take exercise. Other than health benefits that are too numerous to mention, exercise makes you smarter, happier, improves sleep, and makes you feel better about your body. ____49____ Keeping in touch with nature can help you reduce stress, make you more creative, improve your memory and may even make you a better person.
• ____50____ Relationships are worth more than you think. Not feeling socially connected can make you stupider and kill you. Loneliness can lead to heart attack, stroke (中风) and diabetes (肥胖症)．On the other hand, studies have shown that the longest lived people on the planet all place a strong emphasis on social engagement.
•Challenge yourself. ____51____ Music lessons increase intelligence. Challenging your beliefs strengthens your mind. Increasing willpower just takes a little effort each day and it’s more responsible for your success than IQ. Not getting an education or taking advantage of opportunities are two of the things people look back on their lives and regret the most.
•Laugh. Laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart rate and the rate of breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and the feet. It can even reduce the effect of pain on the body. Humor is a good way to cause laughter. ____52____
A．Life is always full of hope.
B．Do something kind for the people you care about.
C．Learning another language can keep your mind sharp.
D．It would be better if you take exercise in nature.
E．Spend time with friends and family.
F．Just thinking about funny moments or things can help a lot.

Why stress and anxiety aren’t always bad
People generally think of stress and anxiety as negative concepts, but while both stress and anxiety can reach unhealthy levels, psychologists have long known that both are unavoidable - and that they often play a helpful, not harmful role in our daily lives, according to a presentation at the annual convention of the American Psychological Association.
“Many Americans now feel stressed about being stressed and anxious about being anxious,” said Lisa Damour, PhD, a private-practice psychologist who presented at the meeting.
Stress usually occurs when people operate at the edge of their abilities - when they push themselves or are forced by circumstances to stretch beyond their familiar limits, according to Damour. ____53____. For instance, being fired is stressful but so is bringing a baby home for the first time.
“It’s important for psychologists to share our knowledge about stress with broad audiences that stress is a given in daily life, that working at the edge of our abilities often builds those capacities and that moderate levels of stress can actually have an inoculating (预防的) function, which leads to higher than average resilience (适应力) when we are faced with new difficulties,” she said.
____54____. “As all psychologists know, anxiety is an internal alarm system, likely handed down by evolution, that alerts us to threats both external - such as a driver swerving (急转弯) in a nearby lane - and internal - such as after a too long delay, it’s time to get started on our work,” said Damour.
Viewing anxiety as sometimes helpful and protective allows people to make good use of it. For example, Damour said she often tells the teenagers she works with in her practice to pay attention if they start to feel anxious at a party because their nerves may be alerting them to a problem.
____55____. Stress can become unhealthy if it is chronic (allowing for no possibility of recovery) or if it is traumatic(创伤的).
“In other words, stress causes harm when it exceeds any level that a person can reasonably absorb or use to build psychological strength,” she said. ____56____. Sometimes, people feel routinely anxious for no reason at all. At other times, the alarm is totally out of proportion to the threat, such as when a student has a panic attack over a minor quiz.”
A．Anxiety, too, gets some unnecessarily criticism, according to Damour
B．Unfortunately, by the time someone reaches out to a professional for help, stress and anxiety have already built to unhealthy levels
C．That doesn’t mean that stress and anxiety can’t be harmful, said Damour
D．Anyone feeling overwhelmed by stress should, if possible, take measures to reduce his or her stress
E．It’s also important to understand that stress can result from both bad and good events
F．Likewise, anxiety becomes unhealthy when its alarm makes no sense

For many students, maths and science have always been boring subjects, too bogged down (陷入困境) with technical details to ever be fun or exciting. Teachers have long tried a variety of strategies to get students excited about STEM, which stands for science, technology, engineering and maths. ____57____
The use of robotics is on the rise in today’s world, and allowing students to play with robots and learn how they work can have huge benefits for them. Not only does it give them a head start in subjects like computer programming, maths and science, it can also develop an interest in careers students may have never considered before.
Robots Teach More Than Tech Skills
Robots are most often associated with technology and other STEM-related fields. However, playing with robots has educational benefits beyond simply learning to build and program the robots themselves. Robots can be used to develop problem-solving skills, get students working cooperatively and more.
One of the most popular uses for robots is in problem-based learning. In this learning model, students are presented with a problem they must solve. ____58____ This inspires creativity, critical thinking and cooperation which are important 21s-century skills.
Robots Help Students with Disabilities
Robots aren’t just for students who need a challenge. ____59____ Students with autism (自闭症), in particular, can react quickly to robots.
Students with autism who may shy away from interaction with a human being are more likely to open up to a robot, and the risk of failure or embarrassment in front of the robot is much lower. ____60____ Research into this possibility has already begun.
Robots are only going to become a bigger part of everyday life in the future. Using robots in the classroom is a proven way to get kids excited and increase learning.
A．It turns out, one of the best ways to get kids interested in STEM is through the use of robots.
B．STEM is an education curriculum that focuses heavily on the subjects of science, technology, engineering and mathematics.
C．Instead of following a teacher’s directions, students work out their own solutions to the problem.
D．Here’s how applying modern technology can benefit students in PE class and enhance cross-curricular engagement.
E．Robots can provide a way for students with autism to practice social skills without the pressure of interacting with a real person.
F．Playing with robots can have additional benefits for students with disabilities.

Food Might Still Be Okay Longer Than You Think
Many products often come with expiration dates to indicate a predetermined shelf life, like food and medicine. Once the indicated date has passed, these products are generally deemed unfit for use or consumption — _______61_______
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the average person generated about 2.68 pounds of municipal solid waste per day in the 1960s, which include food, plastic, and paper waste. This amount increased to 4.74 pounds in the 2000s, finally reaching 4.9 pounds in 2018. The disposal of expired but usable or consumable goods can contribute to overall waste. By minimizing this, an individual may be able to reduce the amount of waste they produce.
Here’s what expiration dates generally mean for various products and when consumers can safely overlook them. For most products, the date on the packaging label is not an expiration date, but a ‘best by’ or ‘sell by’ date, says Londa Nwadike, extension associate professor of food safety at the Kansas State University and the University of Missouri. _______62_______
Although expired food may not be at its peak deliciousness, it should still be safe to consume. _______63_______If a product is discolored, moldy, abnormally soft, or it generally looks and/or smells bad, throw it out immediately — no matter how carefully it was stored.
_______64_______Perishable foods should be kept in the refrigerator or the freezer to avoid spoilage. Foods that do not require refrigeration for safety have lower risk and they can generally be consumed safely longer, she adds. For instance, dry pasta can still be eaten one year after opening it if it was stored in the pantry.
A．In general, the dates on the food — other than infant formula and baby food — are set for quality, rather than safety purposes.
B．but what if experts say consuming foods past their expiration dates isn’t always bad?
C．To optimize quality and shelf life and avoid food waste, proper storage is crucial.
D．but does that mean people should toss them out the second that date passes?
E．There’s no hard and fast rule, and it’s more important to pay attention to how long since the food was bought and whether it was kept in proper conditions.
F．In fact, a lot of the time consumers aren’t able to see (or even taste) harmful bacteria that could be living on the expired food.

Are things not working out in your life, despite your doing all the “right” things? Is it possible that you are holding “unforgiveness” in your heart? It is worth thinking about. What do you do when somebody hurts you? Do you want to hurt that person back, or do you hold it against them for the rest of your life? If you answered “yes” to these questions, you are like most people. ____65____
People don’t forgive readily, because it is easier to hate than to forgive. Some people think to forgive is a sign of weakness, but actually to forgive takes courage and effort.
Forgiveness is a gift from a generous heart. It is not a reward for good behavior. It is not based on whether the person deserves it or whether the person has asked for it. Besides, forgiveness is an act and a long-term process. ____66____ It is an act because it is not just the words you say, but also your actions which show if you’ve truly forgiven someone.
____67____ It takes a lot of energy to hate and to keep that hate in place. Hate puts unwanted stress on your body. It is a well-known fact, proven by numerous studies, that bitterness can actually make you sick. The moment those affected people forgive and let go of their hate, they will start to get well.
____68____ I have personal experience of this. I used to be very cynical (愤世嫉俗的) about life and didn’t forgive easily. At the time, I also struggled in every area of my life. Things just didn’t seem to work out for me. It is as if everything that could go wrong, always went wrong. That was until somebody told me to take a look at my attitude. And when I forgave those who wronged me and changed my attitude, everything else changed. It didn’t happen overnight. It took a while, but I could see and feel the difference.
A．Those who learn to forgive deserve respect from others.
B．To forgive is something that most people have difficulty with.
C．The deeper your pain, the longer it usually takes to completely forgive.
D．Forgiveness brings freedom, while hate is neither sweet nor satisfying.
E．Forgiveness is necessary because it releases you from the burden of bitterness and hate.
F．Psychologically, forgiveness is defined as a decision to release hate toward a person who has harmed you.

How Will Machines and AI Change the Future of Work?
Several recent studies have examined how machine automation and artificial intelligence (AI) will change the future of work.
The Rand Corporation recently issued its own report on the future effects of automation and AI on jobs and the workplace. Osonde Osoba was a co-author of the report. ____69____
In 16th century England, Queen Elizabeth famously refused an inventor’s request for a patent for a device to make material for clothing. The Queen explained that the device would lead to major job losses, forcing affected workers to become “beggars”.
____70____ But he believes the future problems have been overestimated without historical evidence to back up the predictions.
The McKinsey Global Institute has also studied the issue. Its research suggests that up to one-third of work activities across 46 nations could be displaced by 2030. ____71____ It says this growth, along with other economic influences, could help offset (弥补) the displacement of millions of workers. “All workers will need to adapt, as their occupations evolve alongside increasingly capable machines,” the report said. This will require ongoing retraining of workers. In addition, employees will be spending more time on activities difficult to automate.
____72____ These include jobs depending on human motor skills, positions requiring creative thinking and actions, and jobs dealing with intense social interaction.
Rand Corporation’s Osonde Osoba agrees with McKinsey. He also thinks that it will be very difficult for companies to completely automate most jobs, because they require a worker to perform many different duties and to react to unexpected situations.
A．Osoba says this can be problematic for machines, which do not understand cultural norms in the population.
B．McKinsey identifies three job types that will be very difficult to replace with a machine.
C．He noted that fears over machines taking jobs from humans goes back centuries.
D．The study also predicts rising demand for educators, and “creatives”, a group of workers including artists, performers and entertainers.
E．The study says automation will also raise productivity and economic growth.
F．Osoba agrees there will be major job destruction due to AI and automation, especially for lower skilled workers.

In the book Influences And Effect Sizes Related To Student Achievement, 39 studies were used to rank the effort of summer vacation on student achievement. The findings were posted on the Visible Learning website. They noted that summer vacation in the U. S. has one of the greatest negative effects on student learning.
To combat this negative impact, many teachers in middle and high schools are encouraged to create summer assignment packets. These packets are an attempt to maintain academic practice for all students during summer vacation.
The summer assignment packets that teachers distribute at the end of a school year are designed for students to practice a few hours every week throughout the summer. What happens in reality, however, is that completing the summer packet often turns into a last-minute activity. ___73___.
Complaints against the assigned summer work packets come from some parties involved: parents and teachers. ___74___ Some parents may argue for freedom from summer assignment packets suggestion that “My child needs a break,” or “This is more work for me than for my child!”
Some teachers are not happy to begin the school year with a pile of summer assignment papers to grade. ___75___ However, they still do not want to start the year collecting or chasing students for summer assignment work.
___76___ But most of these comments reflected the attitude of students who already expected additional work from their advanced level classes. “I am going to be enrolling in an Advanced Literature course next year and have been assigned two books to read this summer, an essay to write ... this pushes me to find out more information about the subject matter that will be in the course.”
A．Their complaints are understandable.
B．Students’ attitudes are all the same negative.
C．Most of the students claim to have lost the assignment packets.
D．Students may wait until the end of the vacation to do the schoolwork.
E．In contrast, there were some students who saw value in summer assignments.
F．They have assigned the task with good intention.

Railroads and Literature
Nineteenth-century writers in the United States, whether they wrote novels, short stories, poems or plays, were powerfully drawn to the railroad in its golden years.____77____By the 1850’s, the railroad was a major presence in the life of the nation. Writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau saw the railroad both as a sign to development and as an object of suspicion. The railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature. Furthermore, because of speed and noise, it might be a despoiler of human nature as well.
____78____ Deeply philosophical historians such as Henry Adams hated the role that the new craze for business was playing in destroying traditional values. A distrust of industry and business continued among writers throughout the rest of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth.
____79____ One thinks of melodramas, boy’s books, thrillers, romances and the like rather than novels of the first rank. In the railroads’ best years, between 1890 and 1920, there were a few individuals in the United States, most of them with solid railroading experience behind them, who made a profession of writing about railroading-works offering the ambience of stations yards and locomotive cabs. ____80____ But anyone who takes the time to consult their fertile writings will still find much information about the place of the railroad in the life of the United States.
A．These writers who can genuinely be said to have created the “railroad novel” are now mostly forgotten, their names having faded from memory.
B．By the 1850’s and 1860’s, there was a great distrust among writers and intellectuals of the rapid industrialization of which the railroad was a leading force.
C．The “railroad novels” are good examples of the effects industry and business had on the literature of the United States.
D．For the most part, the literature in which the railroad plays an important role belongs to popular culture rather than to serious art.
E．In fact, writers responded to the railroads as soon as the first were built in the 1830’s.
F．Many writers had the experience of working on railroads.

Exercise for a Better Brain
Most of the time, your brain is the boss of your muscles --directing how you hit a ball, play the piano, or open a cereal box. ____81____ When you’re active, they send chemical signals telling your brain, “Hey, it’s time to grow!” Recent research suggests physical activity has multiple brain benefits, encouraging the birth and growth of new brain cells that supply oxygen and blood sugar to brain cells.
In a 2016 National Institute on Aging study, people who ran on a treadmill for 45 minutes three days a week boosted their levels of a brain-derived neurotropic (神经营养的) factor, a chemical that acts like fertilizer for new brain cells. ____82____
Without exercise, Suzuki says, “little baby neurons don’t get bigger and make thousands of new connections to other brain cells. With exercise, you get fully functioning adult brain cells.” Studies suggest that in younger adults, this can add to the overall number of cells in the hippocampus(海马体). ____83____ It’s a good deal. “There’s evidence these new brain cells are very active,” she says. “They’re excitable like teenagers. They get involved in more memory circuits than older cells do. You get more connections.”
____84____ If you’re inactive, a stroll around the block may be all it takes to encourage neuroplasticity, she says. And every bit counts. In a 2019 Boston University study of 2354 adults in their 40s through 60s, sedentary people who boosted their daily walking by 7500 steps or more had bigger brains than those who didn’t exercise -- equivalent to 1.4 to 2.2 fewer years of brain aging. The more light activity study participants logged, such as doing housework, shopping, gardening, or walking the dog, the greater the overall size of their brains.
A．Again, a little goes a long way.
B．Tips have been offered as to how to properly exercise.
C．After four months of workouts, their scores improved on a memory test.
D．Studies have suggested that dying cells and brain waste can be cleared with enough exercise on a regular basis.
E．But when it comes to growing new brain cells, more and more research shows that when you exercise, your muscles take charge.
F．And once age-related brain changes begin, starting in our 30s, exercise helps keep brain cells alive longer and replaces old cells with new ones.

An Ice Cream That Promises a Better Night’s Sleep?
Have been losing sleep lately? ____85____ That statement is true whether it actually works. But many people have trouble sleeping, and many people love eating ice cream, and the possibility of cookies-and-cream-flavored Ambien (安必恩，一种安眠药), even though that’s not exactly how the product functions, is going to be irresistible to insomniacs (失眠症患者) everywhere. “____86____ ” said Raj Dasgupta, assistant professor of clinical medicine specializing in sleep at the University of Southern California. “They knew exactly where to strike.”
____87____ The point is they will not keep you awake, either. The ice cream is designed to include less of the stuff that can impede (阻碍) your digestion to cause disrupted sleep, like sugar and caffeine. It also has boosted levels of certain vitamins and minerals, such as magnesium, which studies have shown is beneficial for sleep.
____88____
The best way to improve your sleep is to practice good sleep hygiene: Have a set bedtime and wake time every day, avoid caffeine and screens late at night, and, uh, do not eat within two hours of your bedtime. But our willpower fails us. Luckily, compared with Haagen Dazs, Nightfood’s pints have significantly less sugar and fat — but they taste way better than other low-fat alternatives, like Halo Top.
A．Part of me is like, I’m jealous I’m not part of this marketing scheme.
B．The first thing you should know about Nightfood, a new “sleep-friendly” ice cream, is that it’s a genius idea.
C．Nightfood’s ice creams come in flavors such as Bed and Breakfast, chocolate cherry and Cookies n’ Dreams.
D．But can junk food really solve your sleep problems? Probably not.
E．If they’re going to eat it anyway, I’d rather they grab the nutritious one rather than the Twinkie or the cupcake.
F．Nightfood’s ice creams do not contain melatonin (褪黑激素) or other sleep supplements, so they will not necessarily help you fall asleep.

Getting into Employment in High School
Many high school students are understandably more focused on getting into college than on finding a job after college. ____89____ Here are some things you can do now-while you’re still in high school-to start thinking about possible careers.
Do some homework on jobs and careers.
There are many types of jobs and careers that most people have never heard of or know little about. How do you discover them? ____90____ How did they get interested in their career? What education and skills are required to perform their jobs? What do they like about their careers? Don’t be shy; adults are usually happy to answer questions. You can also learn about various careers online.
____91____
Although your college major does not always determine what you’ll end up doing for a career, understanding how various majors can connect to careers is part of career planning. As you explore the majors and programs offered at various colleges, take a moment to read through the relevant department’s information on careers for students in that major.
Keep career planning in mind when visiting colleges.
Every college campus has a Career Center, staffed by professionals who are trained to assist college students with career-related concerns. ____92____ Make a point to ask about the services offered by each college’s Career Center when you visit colleges. Or better yet, stop in to the Center and say hello. While on campus, you will also have opportunities to talk with professors and students. Use those occasions to ask faculty about what their departments do to help prepare students for jobs after graduation, and ask current students about internships they’ve done, research opportunities, and what their majors and career plans are.
A．Begin with your current interests, talents, hobbies, and personal strengths and weaknesses.
B．Start by talking to the adults you know about their jobs.
C．They help students choose majors and careers, find internship and job opportunities, and gain important job-hunting skills.
D．Connect the dots between college majors and careers.
E．Enrichment activities, such as summer programs on college campuses, can also help you learn about various jobs and careers.
F．Yet, having at least a few ideas in mind for careers that might interest you is an important part of college planning.

Dealing with Disappointment
We all experience disappointments in life, and they are never easy. When you get disappointed, what do you do? Get angry? Feel depressed? ____93____ But there are better ways to deal with it.
Disappointment is a real emotion, so allow yourself to feel it. ____94____ Find a parent or a friend and share your disappointment with them. Or write your thoughts and feelings of frustration (挫败) down on paper.
A disappointment can seem huge at first. But after you’ve expressed your hurt, look at the big picture. How much will this disappointment really affect you tomorrow, next week or next year?
Look for positive activities that will help you get over your disappointment. Perhaps you enjoy writing in your journal, playing games or running in the park. ____95____ This will help you overcome the disappointment. Also, write down on paper everything that you’re grateful for. This will help you see the positive things in your life rather than the negative things.
You’ve been disappointed. That’s in the past. It’s time to move forward, so don’t think for too long about your disappointment. ____96____ In fact you may eventually realize that what you wanted is not really what you needed. You may discover you’re better off because things didn’t work out as you’d planned. There may be a positive side in your disappointment. Use the disappointment to reexamine your priorities (优先顺序). Then you may want to make major or minor changes in your life and focus on new goals. That can help you work through your disappointment. Remember, the only true failure is to give up!
A．Do one or more of those things.
B．Our response can make all the difference.
C．Remember that not all disappointments are bad.
D．Take a certain amount of time to feel hurt, sad or upset.
E．These are natural reactions when you face disappointment.
F．It is easy for you to feel great pressure after you fail to fulfill your expectation.

The Tragic Story Behind Pablo Picasso’s Masterpiece
What would be the best way today to protest against a war? How could you influence the largest number of people? In 1937, the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso expressed his anger at war with Guernica, his muralsized painting displayed to millions of visitors at the Paris World’s Fair. It has since become the 20th century’s most powerful indictment(控诉)against war, a painting that still feels intensely relevant today.
Much of the painting’s emotional power comes from its overwhelming size, about 3. 49 meters tall and 7.76 meters wide. Guernica is not a painting you observe with 6; spatial detachment(空间上的超然).____97____. And although the size and multiple figures reference the long tradition of European history paintings, this painting is different because it challenges rather than accepts the idea of war as heroic.
Guernica is based on the events of April 27, 1937, when Adolf Hilter’s powerful German air force bombed the village of Guernica in northern Spain, a city of no strategic military value. For over three hours, 25 bombers dropped 100,000 pounds of explosives and bombs on the village. Twenty more fighter planes strafed (低空扫射)and killed defenseless civilians trying to escape. The destruction was horrifying: Fires burned for three days, and 70 percent of the city was destroyed. A third of the population, 1,600 civilians, were wounded or killed.
On May 1, 1937, news of the bombing reached Paris.____98____. After hundreds of sketches, the painting was done in less than a month and then delivered to the Fair’s Spanish Pavilion. The entire pavilion shocked the world into confronting the suffering of the Spanish people.
On first glance, Guernica’s composition appears confused, throwing the viewer into the midst of intensely violent action. The space is ambiguous (不明确的)with the shifting perspectives and multiple viewpoints characteristic of Picasso’s earlier Cubist style.____99____. However, there is in fact a visual order. Picasso balances the composition by organizing the figures into three vertical (垂直的) groupings moving left to right, while the center figures are stabilized within a large triangle of light.
There has been almost endless debate about the meaning of the images in Guernica. When questioned about its possible symbolism, Picasso said, “It isn’t up to the painter to define the symbols. Otherwise, it would be better if he wrote them out in words. The public who look at the picture must interpret the symbols as they understand them.”____100____. Perhaps it is that very ambiguity, or the fact that cruel wars continue to be fought, that keeps Guernica as timeless and universally relatable today as it was in 1937.
A．In the end, the painting does not appear to have one exclusive meaning.
B．This technique further demonstrates the boundaries of fragmented figures, explicating what is reality and what is illusion.
C．It feels like it wraps around you, immersing you in its larger-than-life figures and action.
D．Images overlap and intersect, making it hard to distinguish their boundaries.
E．As compensation, Picasso was provided with a studio in Paris large enough to accommodate the enormous canvas on which to create the work.
F．Picasso, sympathetic to the government of his homeland, was horrified by the reports of devastation and death.

From earliest times, the English, for instance, have believed in certain symbols and customs that could bring good fortune as well as keep away evil spirits. ____101____ Below are symbols of luck from a popular culture magazine.
Wood
Back in ancient times, touching the tree was a sign of respect to the gods after a favor has been requested, or thanks to the gods for a request that had been fulfilled. ____102____ Even now, people still have the habit of trying to touch or to knock on wood after talking bad things about other people, and so on, so that the action will get rid of any bad luck during the day.
Horseshoe
The horseshoe is considered a lucky symbol in English customs. It is similar to the other symbols associated with good fortune in other cultures such as “U”. “U” shape is often said to be the symbol of fertility and also possesses power to drive away evil spirits. As they made of iron and used for horses, horseshoes are also linked to strength and power. As a result, combining all these signs of good luck, the horseshoe is regarded as a powerful device to bring fortune and keep evil spirits away. ____103____ However, the horseshoe must be placed in a standing “U” position so that the good fortune will be held by the household.
Coin
Coins, especially gold coins, were said to bring good fortune to the person who possessed them. Gold, like in any other culture, was always a symbol of wealth. In the past, "lucky" gold coins were turned into rings to be worn as a cure for many types of illness. Sometimes, brides put them in a shoe to ensure a good married life. The English also dropped coins into wells to make a wish in the hope that their dreams would come true. ____104____
A．It used to be a common belief that an old boot was a good luck charm.
B．Old boots or shoes were said to hold good spirits and courage of their owners.
C．Later, the British still held their belief that wood is holy as Christ died on a wooden cross.
D．It is usually nailed to the front door to protect the household from uninvited visitors like witches and evils.
E．Old customs seldom die, so don’t be surprised because some of these customs are still practiced daily in today’s society.
F．This is due to the fact that people at that time believed there were good spirits who lived in the wells, fountains or springs.

The Only Exercise You Need
To walk is to be human. We’re the only primate that gets around by standing up and putting one foot in front of the other. In more than 4 million years humanity’s ancestors have been bipedal. ____105____
But walking is more than just transportation. It also happens to be really good for us. Countless scientific studies have found that this simple act can provide a number of health benefits and help people live longer. ____106____
How much walking should one aim for? You’ve likely heard we need 10, 000 steps a day. That’s about 5 miles. ____107____ Instead, it stems from a 1960s advertising campaign to promote a pedometer in Japan. Perhaps because it’s a round number and easy to remember, it stuck.
Since the 1960s, researchers have studied the 10, 000-steps-a-day standard and have turned up mixed results. Although 10, 000 steps is certainly a healthy and worthwhile goal, it’s not a one-size-fits-all recommendation.
For instance, a recent Harvard University study involving more than 16, 000 senior women found that those who got at least 4, 400 steps a day greatly reduced their risk of dying prematurely when compared with less active women. The study also noted that these benefits continued up to 7, 500 steps before leveling off. This 7, 500 mark isn’t surprising: ____108____
Research has shown that picking up the pace might be a good idea, too—fast enough to raise your heart rate, even if just for a short burst. The benefits of walking depend on frequency, intensity and duration. So walk often, walk fast and walk long.
A．Contrary to popular belief, this recommendation doesn’t come from science.
B．Without doubt, walking alone serves as the only activity for mankind to build up strong constitutions.
C．Our ability to walk upright has allowed humankind to travel great distances and survive changing climates, environments and landscapes.
D．It’s in line with common public health recommendations, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendation of 150 minutes of moderate physical activity a week for adults.
E．In fact, a walking routine — if done properly — might be the only aerobic exercise people need.
F．However, it never means that we should follow this recommendation as our standard for walking.

Being invited to dinner is a big treat for Americans, but as a new comer who happens to feel sorry for American food, I find it a painful assignment. First, I cannot get used to eating sweet and salty thongs together. Second, terrible-tasting food must be praised to the skies.Third, it is not filling, you have to make yourself another meal after going home.
One time, a colleague said to my husband, “My father is a good cook and invites you two to have a taste of his culinary skill this weekend.”____109____ The meal turned out to be canned chicken with vegetables and rice, which tasted funny. Following this dish was a dessert of cored apples, stuffed with plum jam and coated in sugar. Eating it made me feel like vomiting, but I had to say, “Delicious! Delicious!”____110____
Often when we were invited to dinner by Americans I felt that they were not inviting us to eat but to look at the tableware. They do not use rice bowls. At the beginning of the meal the table is set with three plates, for each person, three glasses, a knife, a fork, a big spoon and a little spoon. The big spoon is seldom used, however, for they do not drink soup but lots of cold water, so the glasses see much service.____111____ After that some strange-looking and odd-tasting little dishes are served while people eat and talk. Then comes the main course, usually a piece of chicken or steak or a slice of ham, with a few fried potatoes and some peas, or whatever, boiled to a pulp. When this is finished, dessert is served, fruit pie or ice cream, and cake, which is murder to eat,for it is tasteless. Last comes coffee or tea.American tea is a bag of tea-leaves in a cup of hot water, at which point, the dinner is considered over.____112____ The Americans talk and laugh, and we do not understand what is being said. It is really unbearably painful. That is why I find eating American meals most troublesome.
A．One of the nicest things you can do is to cook a Chinese dish and take it with you.
B．Then you are invited into the living room to talk for two or three hours.
C．It was unspeakably painful.
D．It would have been embarrassing to refuse, so we had to accept it.
E．It is completely unnecessary to take a gift with you when you are invited to dinner.
F．The first course is usually raw salad or fruit salad, followed by bread and butter.

Recently, as the British doctor Lord Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself becoming steadily enraged. A woman had picked up her phone and begun a loud conversation, which would last an unbelievable hour. Furious, Winston began to tweet about the woman. He took her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000 followers.
When the train arrived at its destination, Winston bolted. He’d had enough of the woman’s rudeness. But the press were now waiting for her on the platform. ____113____
Winston’s tale is something of a microcosm of our age of increasing rudeness, fueled by social media. What can we do to fix this?
Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly and virally, almost like the common cold. Just witnessing rudeness makes it far more likely that we, in turn, will be rude later on. Once infected, we are more aggressive, less creative and worse at our jobs. ____114____
We must have the guts to call it out, face to face. We must say, “Just stop.” For Winston, that would have meant approaching the woman, telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asking her to speak more quietly or make the call at another time.
____115____ In my own research, surveying 2,000 adults, I discovered that the acts of revenge people had taken ranged from the ridiculous to the disturbing. Winston did shine a spotlight on the woman’s behavior — but from afar, in a way that shamed her.
We must instead combat rudeness head on. When we see it occur in a store, we must step up and say something. If it happens to a colleague, we must point it out. We must defend strangers in the same way we’d defend our best friends. But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude ourselves. ____116____ As this tide of rudeness rises, civilization needs civility.
A．Think twice before using mobile phones in elevators, museums, churches or other indoor public places — especially enclosed spaces.
B．Because once rude people can see their actions through the eyes of others, they are far more likely to end that strain themselves.
C．The embarrassment caused by the tweets made the woman improve her behavior.
D．The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger can drive us to do odd things.
E．The only way to end a strain is to make a conscious decision to do so.
F．When they gleefully showed her Lord’s messages, she used just one word to describe Winston’s actions: rude.

Crushing disappointment
“If you want to make money in Cuba, buy garlic,” says a farmer in Artemisa province, in western Cuba. Garlic, known as “white gold” for its value, is critical to the unique seasoning of Cuban food. ____117____. A lack of fertilizer and pesticide makes it especially hard to grow. And it is harvested only once a year, in January.
Every year garlic-sellers on the streets of Havana peddle bulbs from backpacks, as if selling fake luxury handbags or electronics. The price of garlic tends to boom around November and December, before more comes onto the black market. A pensioner in one part of the capital complains that a bulb now costs 25 pesos ($1) and 450g (11b) costs 240 pesos, four times the price in September.
____118____. They pay garlic farmers $50,000-100,000 to buy their whole harvest and then resell it to a network of other resellers, who in turn sell to smaller resellers and so on. The dealers make so much cash from these transactions that banks, especially the small ones out in the provinces, sometimes have to close to the public while they process the sacks of money being deposited. “You can recognize the big resellers by their cars,” sighs the farmer in Artemisa.
____119____.In 1986 Fidel Castro, then Cuba’s dictator, discovered that a garlic farmer was making $50,000 a year—ten times a local surgeon’s wage at the time— by privately selling what he had left over after meeting his quota for the state agriculture system. Outraged to see that people were behaving like “capitalists in disguise”, he closed the private farmers’ markets where it was sold.
But the pandemic has worsened shortages of basic goods in Cuba, along with fertilizers, fungicide, seeds and supplies for animals. Thousands of rabbits died last summer in an outbreak of haemorrhagic disease. Pigs may be next. ____120____. Last year the government mooted eating guinea pigs, a popular food in parts of South America, but the idea was largely ridiculed. Then again, Cubans cannot live by allium alone.
A．Profiting from garlic is nothing new.
B．Another way to get the bulbs is through garlic resellers.
C．The country is on high alert following an outbreak of African swine fever in the Dominican Republic.
D．Ministry of Agriculture of Cuba has been developed a program of plant breeding with the aim of obtaining adaptation to the country conditions.
E．That is why these pensioners refuse to pay the garlic sellers on the street.
F．As with so many things on the communist island, however, it is in short supply.

You don’t need to travel long distances to find pleasure in nature
The Greek historian Herodotus is said to have made one of the earliest lists of seven wonders of the world. These were man-made structures, including the still mysterious feat of ancient horticulture known as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. More recent times saw natural alternatives to these marvels of classical architecture proposed: waterfalls, mountains, canyons, reefs. ____121____
As environmental consciousness has risen in the west, attitudes to such sightseeing have changed. Yes, it is thrilling to visit remote forests or spot rare species. But travelling to far-flung destinations is carbon-intensive when flights or long road journeys are involved, and conservation can be made more difficult as well as assisted by sightseers. There is a balance to be struck, and ethical governments and businesses around the world try to maximize the benefits while minimizing the harms. ____122____
Most of us, in the rich countries where people take most holidays, understand better than ever that there are costs as well as benefits associated with exploring. One of the six pledges proposed by an environmental campaign launched last month, The Jump, is to “holiday local”, taking short-haul flights once every three years and long-haul flights very rarely. Fortunately, the UK’s 15 national parks, 86 areas of outstanding natural beauty （known in Scotland as national scenic areas）, and countless other landscapes that are without formal status, but beloved nonetheless, mean that there is no shortage of special places for domestic nature tourists to visit—while a host of European beauty spots are accessible by rail.
One recent survey found that Windsor Great Park and Kew have become Britain’s most popular attractions, while Covid has created difficulties for indoor spaces which do not apply to outdoor ones. ____123____ Some companies that formerly ran foreign trips have adapted to the pandemic by taking people to watch dolphins and other marine life off British coasts instead.
____124____ Sewage outflows are out of control due to failed water industry regulation. The owners of a popular rewilded estate in West Sussex—Knepp—have warned that plans to build 3,500 homes next to their land would be catastrophic for the species that live there. But as we confront an environmental emergency that grows ever more dangerous, it is essential to cultivate appreciation for the nature that surrounds us. In a small way, holiday outings to watch dragonflies, kingfishers or seals, or be surrounded by trees that are coming into leaf, could help us to focus on what matters.
A．Colombia, for example, recently introduced laws aimed at promoting sustainable tourism.
B．Visitor numbers at wildlife trusts are high, with waiting lists for beaver-spotting.
C．Travelling, especially air travel, is a luxury that is bad for the environment.
D．Dramatic landscapes, features and wildlife, and the pleasure and excitement they offer to visitors, are staples of tourism.
E．Today, the tourism sector has become one of the great economic engines in many countries, forming part of the international political agenda.
F．This is not to minimize the destruction of nature that is also taking place.

Importance of Ethics
Two 1996 studies indicate the importance of the study of ethics to students in journalism and mass communications programs. A survey of seventy-three media ethics courses at universities across the country revealed a continuing rise in enrollment (报名). The other study noted that 44 percent of the responding schools required students to complete an ethics course. ____125____
However, reasons for studying ethics go beyond what potential employers desire. ____126____ If one objective of an education is to promote the growth and development of the individual, then the place to start is with personal behavior. Developing a sense of what is right and wrong, or appropriate and inappropriate, will promote order, not only in individual lives but also in society at large. ____127____ Speed limits are set, proper directions are indicated, and numerous suggestions are made—seat belts, for example—so that automobile travel is reasonably safe and efficient. Without the “rules” of the road, travel becomes chaotic (混乱的). Order is necessary. Ethical behavior could play the same role. It sets “rules” for proper human activity and as a result promotes growth, development, and order in individual lives.
____128____ Not every problem is an ethical one, and even when an ethical problem does present itself, people sometimes make the wrong ethical decision, or they make the right ethical decision and it results in unforeseen negative consequences. Nevertheless, people must realize that without a large number of individuals doing the right thing, society would not be doing much at all except fighting for survival and trying to figure out an increasingly chaotic world. Things are bad enough with ethics; think how bad they might be without them.
A．Proper behavior is necessary for growth and order.
B．Think, for example, of the order required to move traffic on roads and highways.
C．Ethics promotes not only a better individual but also a better society.
D．Also, media organizations have told educators that they value students’ sense of ethics.
E．In conclusion, ethics seeks to resolve moral problems by defining concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong.
F．Ethics, however, is not a magic cure-all (灵丹妙药).

The typically bustling main campus of Pennsylvania State University is quieter than normal. Many students are tuning in to classes online from their dorm rooms. A town ban on gatherings of more than 10 people limits social life off campus. ____129____
“I can tell that the university is trying their best to give returning and new students the full experience that Penn State has the potential to bring,” says Sophia Melocchi, 20, a junior. “It’s just not the same.”
Across the country, colleges have taken a range of approaches to the fall semester. A Chronicle of Higher Education tracker of nearly 3,000 colleges found that of those with firm plans, 19% are opening primarily in person; 27% are primarily online; and 16% are, like Penn State, a mix.____130____
Schools that brought students back to campus quickly have run into problems controlling their behavior. Some have criticized universities for shifting blame for corona virus outbreaks onto the returning students. Penn State recently suspended a fraternity(联谊会)that threw a party with about 70 people, and it criticized other students for gathering, without masks and close together, in large crowds outside a residence hall. “I ask students disobeying the university’s health and safety expectations a simple question: Do you want to be the person responsible for sending everyone home?” Penn State president Eric Barron said in a statement. As of Sept. 4, more than 200 students at Penn State’s University Park campus had tested positive for COVID-19 since Aug.
____131____
That’s already happened at other colleges. Several clusters of corona virus cases in dorms at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill led the school to cancel in-person classes and move to a fully remote model on Aug.19, a week after classes began. At the University of Alabama’s Tuscaloosa campus, more than 1,800 students have tested positive for COVID-19 since returning to school.
____132____ “I originally thought that we would be sent home or moved completely online within the first two weeks of school, but we’ll see how it goes, because it seems like the school has it under control,” says CJ Scoffone, 20, a junior. “I hope it gets better and goes back to normal.”
A．But all are facing a semester unlike any other.
B．Barron said that trend could force a shift to fully online classes.
C．Mask requirements make recognizing faces and making friends more challenging.
D．There is kind of a general fear of going home because people choose not to wear the masks.
E．The 40,000 undergraduates at Penn State’s University Park campus are hoping their institution does better.
F．I’m thankful that I get to experience Penn State, even if it’s only a percentage of the Penn State that I knew in the years previous.

Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump?” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do.
Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. ____133____ Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
____134____ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals.
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ____135____ So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. They can change according to circumstances. They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. ____136____ You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A．This can affect your work.
B．So how should you motivate yourself?
C．However, this should not discourage you.
D．So why should we try to set specific goals?
E．Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
F．Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.

Robot: your future nurse
Dr. Pekomon, from the Yale university, has established an international team that coached a robot to copy natural human actions. _________137_________. Over time this should contribute to great improvements in safety during operations because unlike the human doctors, robots will never tire and can complete an endless array of precise motions. The ultimate goal is not to remove all the doctors from the operating room, but to better it with a robots’ particular skills and benefits.
“I, as a roboticist, believe that robotic assistant and coworkers will surely change the whole market, but that won’t steal our job opportunities. __________138__________.” Dr. Pekomon explained.
Dr. Pokemon’s team photographed a person conducting numerous different reaching actions, in a way similar to handing devices to a surgeon. These camera captures were stored into the computer network of a robotic arm, which is vital to controlling movements. Then, a human operator guided the robotic arm in copying the reaching actions that the human subject had initially performed. Although the robotic and human actions can’t be overlapped completely, they were broadly similar.
_______139_______.These observers determined whether the actions of the robotic arms were biologically inspired, which would indicate that their neural networks had effectively learned to imitate human behavior. About 80% of the time this is exactly what the human observers concluded.
These results are promising, although further research is necessary to confirm or refine Dr. Pekomon’s conclusions. If robotic arms can indeed imitate human behavior, it would be necessary to build conditions in which humans and robots can operate effectively in high stress environments like operating rooms. ____________140____________. Dr. Pekomon’s work is part of the growing field of healthcare robotics, which has the potential to change the way we receive health care sooner rather than later.
A．His work indicates that humans and robots can effectively cooperate during high-task events such as surgeries.
B．This future may not be what you think in your mind.
C．Robots can’t successfully imitate doctors motions in the operating room.
D．They will just allow us to decrease workload and achieve better performances in several tasks.
E．The nursing assistant for your next trip to the hospital will still be human beings.
F．Finally, several humans observed as the robotic arm made numerous motions.

Do you know that all human beings have a “comfort zone” regulating the distances they stand from someone when they talk? ____141____
Greeks, others of the Eastern Mediterranean (地中海), and many of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21 inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa, there is even “more space between two speakers in conversation. ____142____ This matter of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe.
This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extent to which they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they argue or make an emphatic point. In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator; in Paris they take it as it comes!
North Americans have a relatively wide “comfort zone” for talking: ____143____ They put a sympathetic hand on a person’s shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an arm around him in sympathy. They nudge (轻碰) a man in the ribs to emphasize a funny story. They pat an arm in reassurances or stroke a childhood in affection.____144____ To many people, especially those from Asia or the Moslem countries, such bodily contact is unwelcome, especially if inadvertently (无心地) done with the left hand. (The left hand carries no special significance in the U.S. Many Americans are simply left handed and use that hand more.)
A．However, they communicate a great deal with their hands, not only with gesture but also with touch.
B．The “comfort zone” presents the different cultures of countries over the world.
C．This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures.
D．The small change of space shows the difference of speaking styles.
E．This greater space intelligently brings an air of dignity and respect.
F．They readily take someone’s arm to help him across a street or direct him along an unfamiliar route.

Your clients and colleagues don’t have time to engage fully with every e-mail they get. Some of them receive hundreds of messages per day. That’s why they start with the ones they can deal with quickly. They may never get around to answering — or even reading — the rest.
So how do you earn their attention? Try these tips:
Stick to standard capitalization and punctuation. Conventions of good writing may seem like a waste of time for e-mail, especially when you’re tapping out messages on a handheld device. But it’s a matter of getting things right — the little things. Even if people in your group don’t capitalize or punctuate in their messages, stand out as someone who does. ____145____And their abbreviated style can be confusing. It takes less time to write a clear message the first time around than it does to follow up to explain what you meant to say.
Be brief — but not too brief. ____146____The more they have to scroll or swipe, the less receptive they’ll    be to your message. They’ll probably just skim it and miss important details — or skip it altogether. So rarely compose more than a single screen of reading. Focus your content, and tighten your language. But as you’re trimming the fat from your message, keep the meat complete. When giving a project update, for example, supply enough background information to guide your readers. Consider your message from their perspective. They aren’t as absorbed in your project as you are, and they probably have many other things going on. So remind them where things stood when you last sent an update, and describe what’s happened since then.
____147____ Before hitting “Send”, check your subject line. If it’s blank, your message will get lost in your recipient’s overstuffed inbox. Are you asking someone to take action? Highlight that in the subject line. Make your request easy to find — and fulfill.
Copy people cautiously. Include only those who will immediately grasp why they’re on the thread; don’t automatically click on “Reply All.” Your correspondent may have been over inclusive with the “Copy” list, and if you repeat that mistake, you’ll continue to annoy the recipients who shouldn’t be there. ____148____
A．Add a short but descriptive subject line.
B．Having others waiting for your e-mails hurts their enthusiasm for work.
C．It could get you a bad reputation as being careless.
D．People find long e-mails annoying and energy-draining.
E．Rushed e-mails that violate the basic norms of written language show carelessness.
F．Sending out e-mails after working hour could be seen as being impolite.

Use phones respectfully
You probably spend more time with your smart phone than any other possession. You take it everywhere --- to school, to meals, and even to the bathroom. ____149____ . But we have to learn to use our phones respectfully or at least without offending others around us. Here are some tips for smart phone usage. Take a look.
Use “do not disturb” instead of “vibrate（振动）”
Loud vibrations in your pants are disturbing. People can hear your phone vibrate, depending on how severely it vibrates. ____150____ .
Tell others what you are doing
Sometimes, you will be in a situation in which you need to use your smart phone. Just tell people what you are doing and why you are doing it. If you don’t, people will think that you are either interacting with someone else or just getting bored.
____151____
Respect others’ privacy as text and e-mail senders by not letting what they type appear on the home screen of your phone when you receive a new message. While you are at it, use a password to make sure the information you share with others stays between you.
Ask permission to swipe（滑动）
When someone hands you their phone to look at a photo, this doesn’t mean you can swipe through all of their photo albums. ____152____ .
A．So it is exciting to look through all their photos.
B．Of course, a smart phone is a great way to keep in touch and share life events.
C．They probably want you to see one photo they hand to you, not every photo they have taken.
D．You should use your smart phone secretly.
E．It is difficult to ignore and distracts people from whatever they are doing.
F．Don’t use the text preview feature on your home screen.

Clay is found almost everywhere in the world. It is formed by the action of wind and water on rocks over thousands of years. The rocks change in both chemical and physical ways. Chemically, elements like potassium (钾) and aluminum (铝) are added and taken away. ____153____ After a long time, some of the rock changes to clay.
Clay is important because it is used around the world to make containers of all kinds. Potters add water to soften the clay. ____154____ Then it is fired in an extremely hot stove. The result is a container with a hard surface that will last for many years.
In many countries, clay was formed from the volcano. This kind of clay usually contains many minerals. So the fires to make containers from volcanic clay must be hotter than those used for non-volcanic clay. The fires may be as hot as 1,400 degrees Celsius.
____155____ This means that the highest temperature should not be reached too fast.
You can add materials to clay to gain desired results. For example, you can add sand to prevent tiny breaks or lines from forming in the finished products. But you should not use sand from the coasts of oceans. Instead, you should use sand from rivers or from other areas of land that are not near the sea.
You can usually find good clay in low areas of islands or land, especially if volcanoes helped form the land. Clay often exists in fields covered with some water. The clay will be found about one meter below the ground. ____156____
A．In this way, they can be made harder than before.
B．It is also important to dry the clay containers slowly.
C．Physically, the rocks break down into smaller and smaller pieces.
D．River banks often have clay about one meter or less under the surface.
E．This makes it easier to form into shapes by hand or by machine.
F．The best containers cannot stand too hot fires.

According to the CDC, 1 in 110 children have some form of autism(自闭症). While symptoms vary from case to case, there are two major characteristics of the disorder. The patient experiences a deficit in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts. ____157____ .
There are many treatments available. Each patient is different, and there is no single treatment that is equally effective for all individuals with autism. ____158____. This form of art therapy uses musical experiences and interventions to bring about great behavioral changes in the patient.
Music therapy has many health benefits on people. Studies have found that music therapy can help people reduce depression, calm anxiety, find comfort and ease muscle tension. This is not surprising, as music affects the body and mind in many powerful ways.
Music therapy is effective for autistic patients of all ages, but it has a particularly profound impact on children. A study by Kim, Wigram, and Gold found that autistic children were more responsive to their music therapy sessions than to their play sessions. ____159____. In addition, the children were more responsive to the demands of their therapists during music sessions than in play sessions.
Music therapy is a safe, positive, and effective means of reaching out to autistic individuals. Music therapists draw from an extensive range of music activities to ensure the best effect. ____160____. A patient might learn to play the piano to improve fine motor skills or use musical instruments to cope with unspoken emotions.
A．Through music, the children became more expressive, joyful, and socially engaged
B．For example, the therapist and patient might compose songs to help express feelings
C．It is especially effective to help children with autism in the development of life skills.
D．The patient also experiences restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests and  activities.
E．However, many studies note the music therapy has a positive effect on children with autism disorders.
F．It is ideal to begin interventions early in an individual’s development in order to ensure their highest potential.

The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking. ___161___ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. ___162___. As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200, 000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. ___163___. No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
___164___. For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A．It all depends on your character.
B．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
C．Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
D．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
E．However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
F．Those are the risks you should jump to take.

In the 19th century, millions of Europeans went to the USA because they wanted to find a better life. Many of them couldn’t find work in cities like New York.____165____The people, called settlers, traveled west through the mountains on the Oregon Trait.
Some of these people hoped to find gold in California. The journey sometimes took more than one year.There are a lot of films, called Westerners, about the settlers on the trail. In most of the film, we see the Native Americans (American Indians) attacking the settlers,and the “Indians" killing many white people. But the truth is that the Native Americans were not the biggest problem for the settlers. In fact, most of them were very helpful to the settlers.
____166____ Many of them walked 3,200 kilometers, the whole length of the trail.They had wagons, but the wagons were often too full,so people could not travel in them.____167____The people were very poor and many did not even have shoes--they walked the whole trail barefoot, in extremely, cold temperature.
More than 50,000 people, including many women and children, died on the trail. A lot of people died of illnesses like cholera, because the drinking water wasn’t clean.
____168____Many people died under the wheels of wagons, or from accidental gunshots.
A．It is true that the settlers’ journey was extremely difficult.
B．Many parents also had to carry their small children
C．Many of them lost their home.
D．They hoped they could make more money.
E．There were also a lot of accidents.
F．So they left and went to find farmland in the west.

A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference.  ____169____
Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters. After a while, it collects in the sea. And plastic never goes away. Plastic is not biodegradable — destroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants. ____170____ . That means harmful materials may get into our food supply.
____171____ . Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also works — where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products. We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to, rather than end it after the first use. We could, when we get rid of that plastic, recycle and reuse it, which replaces the need for raw materials.
The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics. ____172____And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem.
A．But people can make a big difference.
B．Plastics should be gathered together and reused.
C．Then, fish may eat the plastics.
D．It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life.
E．It asks for them to better measure and direct plastic use.
F．The report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation.

As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. ____173____
Stress is a natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. ____174____ A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. ____175____ When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. ____176____ Since we cannot remove stress from our lives it would be unwise to do so even if we could, we need to find ways to deal with it.
A．Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties.
B．In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be.
C．Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.
D．They do not believe that relaxation is important for health.
E．But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
F．Different people can withstand different amounts of stress.

U.N. Report Warns Nature Crisis
A new U.N. report focuses on the negative effects of human activity on nature. It says one million plant and animal species on land, in the seas and in the sky are now in danger of extinction.
____177____ It draws on the work of 450 scientists from dozens of countries. The Earth has always suffered from human activity, it says. However, these scratches (划伤) have become deep scars (伤疤) over the past 50 years. Species are going extinct several hundred times faster than the average rate during the past ten million years. It’s something that has never happened before in human history.
_____178_____ Since 1970, the human population has doubled. The global economy has grown by four times. To feed, clothe and give energy to this fast-changing world, lots of forests have been cut down. Between 1980 and 2000, one million square kilometers of tropical (热带的) forest were lost. Furthermore, hunting, overfishing and pollution have also been killing species in great numbers.
The problem can be fixed, the report says. ____179____ The amount of land and sea that is under protection needs to increase rapidly. The report suggests governments move away from using GDP as a key measure of development. Long-term effects must be considered, too.
Professor Eduardo Brondizio of Indiana University is an author of the report. He says, “We all know what needs to be done. The knowledge is there. ____180____”
A．However, this requires considerable changes.
B．Over 120 wildlife species are facing extinction.
C．The 1,800-page report took three years to finish.
D．The report listed several causes for the situation.
E．There just needs to be a greater will to take action.
F．The report also finds that global goals for protecting nature cannot be met.

The bus stopped—at the National Academy of Sciences—and 40 teenagers came into the academy’s great hall. They were the 40 finalists of the 47th annual Westinghouse Science Talent Search, symbols of America’s hopes of scientific leadership in the coming century. When the talent search ended last week, 10 of the high-school seniors were declared winners of scholarships. “____181____” declared Richard Plass, chairman of biology and earth science at New York’s Stuyvesant High School.
What accounts for this early skill for knowledge? Is it heredity (遗传) or is it hard work? ____182____ These kids, without expectation, work hard. But why do they strive? The answer to this question usually has plenty to do with parents and teachers. Nearly every Westinghouse winner has been lucky enough to have either an inspiring father or mother or an inspiring teacher. Most had both. ____183____ “Everything I have,” the great inventor later stated, “I owe it to my mother.”
Of the nearly 1,900 finalists since the competition’s start, 7 of every 10 who are old enough have earned a Ph.D．or an M.D．, five finalists received Nobel Prizes. Two got the Fields Medal, Math’s equivalent of the Nobel. The record stretches back to 1942, when Science Service, an educational organization, began running the contest and Westinghouse started putting up the money. Their roles haven’t changed, but much else has. “These kids get better each year,” says Nobel Prize winner Glenn Seaborg, who has interviewed and judged every finalist since 1963, ____184____ “We get to see the top people, the motivated students that the system can’t block off. There’s no turning those kids off.”
A．The winners answer by repeating a famous line from Thomas Edison: “Genius is 1 per cent inspiration and 99 per cent perspiration.”
B．What some of these kids are doing in labs rivals the work that won Nobel Prizes not many years ago.
C．During the last six years, 33 of 60 scholarship winners have been the children of foreigners.
D．As did Thomas Edison, whose mother quit teaching so she could teach only him.
E．But that does not mean that American schools are getting better.
F．Westinghouse’s talent search, certainly in this decade, is a compliment as much to immigration.

"Don't take many English courses； they won't help you get a good job.” "Sign up for management classes, so you'll be ready to join the family business when you graduate." Sound familiar? ___185___ Such comments often seem quite reasonable.
Why, then, should suggestions like these be taken with careful consideration? ___186___ You are the one who must live with their consequences.
One of the worst reasons to follow a particular path in life is that other people want you to. Decisions that affect your life should be your decisions—decisions you make after you've considered seriously and then selected the path that is really suitable for you.
___187___ For instance, your parents do have their own unique experiences that make their advice helpful, and having participated in a great deal of your personal history, they may have a clear view of your strengths and weaknesses. Still, their views are not necessarily correct. They may still see you as a child, in need of care and protection. Or they may see only your strength. ___188___
People will always be giving your advice. Finally, though, you have to make your own judgments.
A．Making your own decisions does not mean that you should ignore others' suggestions.
B．Or, in some unfortunate cases, they may concentrate only on your shortcomings.
C．You must have heard such suggestions given by parents or others close to you.
D．We often base our choice of path in life on parents' suggestions.
E．The reason is that they relate to the decisions you should make
F．It is a big challenge to measure our strengths and weaknesses.

Would you rather watch a new movie or an old favorite? Would you rather try a dish you have never had at a restaurant, or stick with something you know you will like? Researchers studying the “mere-exposure effect” have found that we often prefer the familiar over the novel.
In 1968, social psychologist Robert Zajonc published a landmark paper on the mere-exposure effect. His hypothesis was that simply being exposed to an object on a repeated basis was enough to make people like that thing. ____189____ He varied how often they read each word (up to 25 repetitions). Next, participants were asked to decide how positive or negative the meaning of each word was. Zajonc found that participants liked the words that they had said more often, and the words that had been read 25 times were rated the highest.
One place where the mere-exposure effect frequently occurs is in advertising. ____190____ Of course, there is a warning here: The mere-exposure effect does not happen to things we dislike in the first place.
Since Zajonc’s initial study, numerous researchers have investigated the mere-exposure effect. They have found that our liking for a variety of things (including pictures, sounds, foods and smells) can be increased with repeated exposure, suggesting that the mere-exposure effect is not limited to just one of our senses.
In the decades since Zajonc published his paper on the mere-exposure effect, researchers have also suggested several theories to explain why the effect happens. One of the leading theories is that mere exposure makes us feel less uncertain. ____191____ However, when we see the same thing over and over and nothing bad happens, we start to realize that there is nothing to be afraid of. Additionally, mere exposure increases what psychologists call “perceptual fluency.” The perspective is based on the idea that, when we have seen something before, it is easier for us to understand and interpret it, which puts us in a positive mood.
While psychologists are still debating what causes the mere-exposure effect, it seems that having been previously exposed to something can change how we feel about it. ____192____
A．Researchers have found that the mere exposure effect occurs even if people do not consciously remember that they have seen the object before.
B．And it may explain why, at least sometimes, we tend to prefer things that are already familiar to us.
C．Just the mere exposure to the word was enough to make participants like it more.
D．According to this idea, we tend to be cautious around new things, since they could be dangerous to us.
E．The theory explains why seeing the same advertisement multiple times can make it seem more convincing to us.
F．To test this, Zajonc had participants read words in a foreign language out loud.

Smokejumpers
Smokejumpers are a special type of firefighter. ____193____ They parachute (跳伞) in as the first line of defense to fight the fire.
____194____ Their main goal is to stop a fire from spreading or to slow its progress until full, ground-based firefighters arrive. Using basic equipment, smokejumpers clear land of burnable material, like dry grass and dead trees. They carry water with them, too, but only a limited amount.
To get hired as a smokejumper, one must already have experience fighting wildfires on the ground. Green hands need to already know how to use wildfire-fighting tools, be in peak physical condition, and be able to stay calm under severe stress. Although the majority of smokejumpers are men, more women are joining now. ____195____ Smokejumpers employed in the United States, for example, must be between 54 and 91 kilograms so they don’t get blown away by the strong winds or get hurt when they land. Smokejumpers must also be capable of surviving in the wilderness. In Russia, many smokejumpers know how to find food in the forest and can even make simple furniture from trees.
The work is dangerous, and the hours are long. ____196____ They love being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest. As Alexi, a 28-year-old Russian smokejumper, says, “This is the best job for tough guys.”
A．The most important factors are your height and weight.
B．But for these firefighters, smokejumping isn’t just an occupation.
C．All of them should receive some training and must pass a fitness test.
D．At a fire site, smokejumpers first examine the land and decide how to fight the fire.
E．Besides firefighting tools, smokejumpers take food, water, and other supplies for three days.
F．When lightning, or a careless camper, sparks a wildfire in a remote, roadless place, smokejumpers are sent there by helicopters.

Douglas Webber is known as a “numbers guy” at Temple University in Pennsylvania. His latest research offers guidance on how to keep students on target to earn a degree from a college or university.
Among his findings: It is important, whenever possible, for college students to complete their degree program in four years. ____197____ But too much time spent working on a job makes it less likely the students will graduate.
____198____ One reason, Webber said, is the financial aid that helps many students pay for college. Scholarships and other assistance generally stop after four years. So the cost of each additional year in school is likely to come almost entirely from the student and/or parents. But there are other reasons why taking more than four years is a problem, as Webber notes “It’s because life gets in the way, other things happen.” ____199____ It could be a loved one getting sick, a parent losing a job, or the student running out of money for college.
“For any number of reasons, it is in your best interest to try to get out as soon as possible.” It is not only that students staying in school more than four years are more likely to drop out before earning a degree, but also that it’s another year or two out of the labor market, which means lost earnings, Webber said.
Besides, it is also important that students have enough time to complete their college classes, Webber added. His research suggests part-time work of 15 hours or less will not cause harm to the student’s scholastic performance. ____200____
His belief is that students active in college athletic programs would face the same problem. It is common, he said, for student athletes to spend 20 hours or more for training, travel and to compete against athletes or teams from other schools.
A．What about struggling students?
B．Why is finishing college in four years so important?
C．Also, getting a part-time job is probably a good thing to help finance a college education.
D．Students who work 20 hours or more a week are about 15 percent less likely to graduate on time, or to graduate at all.
E．That means the longer you stay in college, the more likely that some unexpected event will affect your studies.
F．Latest information shows a majority of college students are not earning a degree in four years.

You won't have any excuse to skip class anymore. French startup Open Classrooms is offering the first state-recognized bachelor degree in France that uses only MOOCs(massive open online courses). The startup partnered with IESA Multimedia to create this program.
There are three learning paths in engineering, design and marketing. Students will have to complete all the courses and required projects in order to get their degree.____201____IESA is already working on 40 different MOOCS for this program.
On average, it will take a year of hard work in order to complete all the classes. As always, it's hard to keep going when you sign up for a MOOC．____202____
This kind of degree has many key advantages. For IESA, it gives the school more students. IESA is a private school, and its end goal is to make as much money as possible. So with these new Mooc students, IESA will be able to get more money per teacher on average.
____203____The startup already offers a course for e20 per month, but you need to pay E300 per month for the Premium Plus offering to use the state-recognized program. it's unclear how much Open Classrooms will keep, but it should be more than €20 per month.
For students, it's a cheaper way to get a degree. Maybe you can't afford to study for three years at IESA and pay €6,950 per year.____204____Sure, it's probably a less enjoyable experience than going to your school and spending time with other students and teachers, but it makes sense for some students.
It's an interesting new direction for Open Classrooms, and I can't wait to see whether other schools will start working with the startup to provide online courses. It will be interesting to see whether the first students are satisfied with this kind of degree as well.
A．For OpenClassrooms, the company will certainly make profits as a technology provider.
B．And it can explain why more and more people tend to apply for online courses.
C．It's the exact same degree that you would get at IESA, except that you won't see any teachers.
D．That’s why every week, you will get to video chat with a teacher.
E．For Open Classrooms, the company will surely enjoy a reputation for its technology.
F．Open Classrooms lets you work and study at the same time, and pay a lot less.

Time to Tame Silicon Valley
The company Uber brings into very sharp focus the question of whether corporations can be said to have a moral character. If any human being were to behave with the single-minded and greed of the company, we would consider them anti-social.
____205____ Therefore, it has an arrangement with Unroll.me, a company which offered a free service for unsubscribing from junk mail, to buy the contacts Unroll.me customers had had with rival taxi companies. Beyond that, it keeps track of the phones that have been used to book its services even after the original owner has sold them, but attempts this with Apple’s phones is forbidden by the company.
Uber has also adjusted its software so that regulatory agencies that the company regarded as hostile (敌意的)would, when they tried to hire a driver, be given false reports about the location of its cars, Uber management booked and then cancelled rides with a rival company which took their vehicles out of circulation ____206____The punishment for this behaviour was so small that it was not worth worrying about.
Uber promised not to use this software against law enforcement.____207____Travis Kalanick of Uber got a personal criticism from Tim Cook, who runs apple, but the company did not prohibit the use of the app. Too much money was invested in that.
The “sharing economy” encourages the insecure and exploited to exploit others equally insecure to the profit of a tiny group of billionaires. ____208____ Outgoing CEO of Yahoo, Marissa Mayer, who is widely judged to have been a failure, is likely to get a $186m payout. This may not be a cause for panic. Yet there’s an urgent political task to tame these companies, to ensure they are punished when they break the law, that they pay their taxes fairly and that they behave responsibly.
A．However, Uber deny this was the intention.
B．Uber was criticized of deliberately ordering rides of rival companies.
C．Silicon Valley’s culture seems hostile to humane and democratic values.
D．Uber wants to know as much as possible about the people who use its service, and those who don’t.
E．Uber is a transportation network company headquartered in San Francisco, operating in 570 cities worldwide.
F．In fact, it makes people wonder what would happen to someone carrying a knife who promised never to stab a policeman with it.

Make traditional treasures come alive
The Palace Museum Director Shan Jixiang delivered a cultural heritage speech on Feb 27 in Beijing, which was co-organized by the Beijing Diplomatic Service Bureau and Beijing Housing Service Corporation for Diplomatic Missions. ____209____
On the theme The World of the Palace Museum and the Palace Museum of the World, the 64-year-old director shared his ideas about how to make traditional treasures come alive again. During the speech, which lasted two and a half hours, Shan touched on topics including upgrading museum infrastructure（基础设施）, restoring cultural sites, digitalizing online museums, setting up restoration hospitals, providing better visitor experiences and promoting the Palace Museum’s cultural items.
“The abundant collection of cultural objects at the Palace Museum is the inspiration for the creative souvenirs and cultural items available,” Shan said. “____210____” Throughout 2017, the total sales of Palace Museum’s cultural items have been more than 1 billion yuan ($158million). Explaining the huge success of Palace Museum’s cultural souvenirs, Shan said: “The museum opened a shop on the e-commerce website Taobao in 2008, but sales remained neither high nor low for years, as more than 80 percent of the souvenirs sold in stores in the past were not related to our museum.” “Therefore, I wanted to change the situation. Now, souvenirs from the Palace Museum cover almost every aspect of life. After all, what matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are to people’s daily lives.”
____211____ Around 200 “doctors” are employed to analyze, examine, detect flaws or damage in ancient objects and restore them using more than 100 pieces of specialized equipment, including 3-D printers and scanners. The restoration hospital covers 13,000 square meters and boasts the nation’s most advanced restoration workshops.
John Aquilina, Malta’s ambassador to China said that Shan’s speech showed a totally different Palace Museum to foreign people. “China enjoys a long and profound culture and many of the national treasures have been preserved at the Palace Museum. It is no easy task to preserve them well. ____212____”
A．I truly express my respect for Shan and his team for their contributions.
B．With regard to cultural heritage restoration, Shan said the museum opened a restoration hospital at the end of 2016.
C．A total of 600 people from all walks of life, including over 100 foreign guests, participated in the activity.
D．Iwill learn more about Chinese culture from the magnificent ancientobjects.
E．Our design teams often study consumer demands and create cultural items that are nice to look at and practical to use.
F．Traditional craftsmanship is combined with modern methods, and thelives of ancient cultural objects will be lengthened by the so-called doctors.

Money Survey
A recent survey has investigated the way American teenagers aged 16-18 relate to money — what they do with it, how they are affected by the recent financial problems in the world and what they expect in the future. The results make interesting reading.
Of those surveyed, almost all have a mobile phone and more than three-quarters have iPod or MP3 player. 66% own a computer, 46% own a TV and 27% own a car. ____213____ Three out of four teens reported that they have bought new clothes in the past three months, and for girls this figure was much higher (86%). If they were given the choice, 63% said they would choose a new pair of jeans rather than tickets to a concert, and 75% would choose a new pair of shoes rather than 50 new MP3 downloads.
Over two-thirds of these young people do some form of work in order to earn money. The average earnings are $1,630 per year, with boys earning more than girls. ____214____ Only 21% of teens are not saving at all. However, if they were given $500, over half of those surveyed said they would spend the money rather than saving it.
____215____ Most of them are finding that they have less to spend and therefore they are shopping more carefully. 55% wait for items to go on sale at reduced prices and 42% do research to compare prices and choose the best deals. Sales of tech gadgets to teens remain strong, but spending on expensive clothing has dropped. More teens are shopping in cheaper stores and looking for second-hand bargains, while some are starting to make their own clothes.
Many teenagers are worried about rising university costs and the difficulty of finding jobs. ____216____ At the same time, 65% expect that their choice of career will be based on their passion for the job, while only 15% think it will depend on how much money they can earn.
A．However, 59% still believe they will be in a better financial position than their parents in the future.
B．Most teens also save money - they are usually saving up for clothes, a piece of technology, future university expenses or a car.
C．Nevertheless, many of them still reported asking parents for money to buy clothes.
D．The world has been hit hard by financial problems lately and 93% of the teens said that this had affected them and their family.
E．However, most of their own money is spent on clothes.
F．They also talk about what matters most in terms of their choice of career.

Working-from-home dream now a reality
Sunjit Patel is a graphic designer with a well known publishing company. He has lived in England since he was five. He lives in South London, and for the last three years he has been working from home. Sunjit isn’t alone. ___217___ In addition, about eight million people spend some time working in the home rather in an office. This is almost twice as many as ten years ago.
This rapidly-growing trend towards working from home is the same in many countries. But why? The main reason is technological: easy access to the Internet and the availability of phone and video-conferencing. These enable people to use their home as an office in an efficient and cost-effective way.
___218___ Office space is costly, so if an organization can reduce its workstations, it may be able to move to a smaller site. Employees often work better at home: travelling to work can be tiring and costs a lot time. Many homeworkers save a lot of time if they don’t travel to work and they can start the day fresher and there work more efficiently.
Sunjit Patel says, “I have been working from home since my son was born and have been really enjoying it. ___219___ I have known my boss and colleagues for a long time now, which really helps because you’ve got to trust each other. You also need to have regular contact, by phone, email or video conferences, and you need to make regular trips to your office. Otherwise you really miss out on the gossip and on the social side of work.”
___220___ This response to a survey on homeworking was recently posted on the Internet: ‘The only people who can work from home are those who do an unnecessary job. Can surgeons work from home? Ambulance drivers? If you can work from home full-time, you have a pointless job.’
A．But, I can tell you that homeworking requires special skills like time management.
B．Not everyone agrees with Sunjit though.
C．Actually, I found it hard to work from home at first.
D．In Britain, there are 2.1 million people who work from home at present.
E．Sunjit has a lot of supporters.
F．Other reasons for homeworking are the benefits to both employers and employees.

This Is How Scandinavia Got Great
Almost everybody admires the Nordic model. Countries like Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland have high economic productivity, high social equality, high social trust and high levels of personal happiness.
Nordic nations were ethnically homogeneous(同质的) in 1800, when they were dirt poor. Their economic growth took off just after 1870, way before their welfare states were established. ___221___
The 19th-century Nordic elites did something we haven’t been able to do in our country recently. They realized that if their countries were to prosper they had to create truly successful “folk schools” for the least educated among them. They realized that they were going to have to make lifelong learning a part of the natural fabric of society.
___222___ The German word they used to describe their approach, bildung, doesn’t even have an English equivalent. It means the complete moral, emotional, intellectual and civic transformation of the person. It was based on the idea that if people were going to be able to handle and contribute to an emerging industrial society, they would need more complex inner lives.
Today, Americans often think of schooling as the transmission of specialized skill sets — the student can read, do math and recite the facts of biology. ___223___ It is devised to help them understand complex systems and see the relations between things — between self and society, between a community of relationships in a family and a town.
The Nordic educators worked hard to cultivate each student’s sense of connection to the nation. Before the 19th century, most Europeans identified themselves in local and not national terms. ___224___ The idea was to create in the mind of the student a sense of wider circles of belonging — from family to town to nation — and an eagerness to assume shared responsibility for the whole.
That educational push seems to have had a lasting influence on the culture. Whether in Stockholm or Minneapolis, Scandinavians have a tendency to joke about the way their sense of responsibility is always nagging at them. They have the lowest rates of corruption in the world. They have a distinctive sense of the relationship between personal freedom and communal responsibility.
A．Bildung is the way that the individual matures and takes upon him or herself ever bigger academic responsibility.
B．What really launched the Nordic nations was generations of phenomenal educational policy.
C．Bildung is designed to change the way students see the world.
D．But the Nordic curriculum conveyed to students a pride in, say, their Danish history, folklore and heritage.
E．They look at education differently than we do.
F．The Nordic educators also worked hard to develop the student’s internal awareness.

There's a loud bang, and then it starts: A battery of an electric car is on fire in the test tunnel. A video of the test impressively shows the energy stored in such batteries: meter-long flames flee in disorder and produce enormous amounts of thick, black smoke. The visibility in the previously brightly lit tunnel section quickly approaches zero. After a few minutes, ashes have spread throughout the room.
"In our experiment we were considering in particular private and public operators of small and large underground or multi-storey car parks," says project leader Lars Derek Mellert,"all these existing underground structures are being used to an increasing extent by electric cars. And the operators ask themselves: “____225____?"But until now there has been hardly any meaningful technical literature, let alone practical experience for such a case. So Mellert developed three test scenarios（场景）, the results of which were published in a final report in August 2020.
“____226____. Besides, they are possibly fatal regardless of the type of drive or energy storage system." says the final report. The primary objective has to be to get everyone out of the danger zone as quickly as possible. The highly poisonous hydrofluoric（氢氟）acid has often been discussed as a particular danger in burning batteries.____227____. The real problem, however, is the extinguishing and cooling water that is produced when fighting such a fire and storing a burnt-out battery in a water basin. The analyses showed that some chemical substances in the extinguishing water goes beyond the limit values for industrial wastewater by a factor of 70; the cooling water is even up to 100-times above limit values.
____228____Firefighters know that the battery of an electric car is impossible to extinguish and that it can only be cooled with large amounts of water. But this is already known to the specialists and is being practiced.
A．The pollutants emitted by a burning vehicle have always been dangerous
B．What on earth causes Lithium batteries to catch fire
C．Even the fire brigades do not have to learn anything new on the basis of the tests
D．The acid can possibly result in death, while its effects may delay after exposure
E．But in the three tests in the tunnel the concentrations remained far below critical levels
F．What will happen if such a car catches fire

My mother is a diligent and kind woman. She is very busy from morning till night. As a teacher, she works hard. ____229____ Both my brother and I love her dearly as she loves us.
My mother has been teaching math at a middle school in my hometown. She goes to work early in the morning and does not return home until late in the afternoon. She loves her students and cares for them. She treats them with patience and teaches them well. For her excellent quality and very good teaching results, she has been elected as a model teacher several times.
____230____ Every day, when she comes back home from work, she sets about doing housework, sweeping the living room and bedrooms or cleaning the furniture, and putting everything in good order. She seems to be busy all the time. As she has been very busy working every day, she looks older than her age. But she looks as cheerful and happy as ever. Mother never buys expensive dresses for herself, but she often buys some inexpensive but high quality clothes for us. ____231____ She just eats a plain meal outside when she is too busy to cook herself. She lives a busy yet simple life, without any complaints.
Often she says to us, “work while you work, and play while you play. That is the way to be happy and gay. If you do not work, you will become lazy and be of no use to society”. What a piece of good advice this is!____232____ This advice of hers will always serve as a guide to my behavior. My mother is great indeed, and I always feel proud of her.
A．She enjoys listening to classic music.
B．As a mother, she takes good care of us and gives us every comfort.
C．Can you tell us something about your mother?
D．She never goes to expensive restaurants to enjoy meals.
E．My mother is hard-working and never wastes money.
F．I never forget it and always bear it in my mind.

People start new businesses for different reasons. Sometimes they have a great ideal.__233__For Eli Reich, his business began when someone stole his bike bag.
Reich was an engineer in Seattle. Because he cared about the environment, he biked to work every day. He carried his work and his laptop in a bike bag. When someone took his bag, he tried to buy a new one. But he couldn’t find one he liked. So he decided to make his own. Riding a bike every day leads to lots of tire punctures(轮胎刺破). As a result, he had plenty of used inner tubes in his apartment. Inner tubes are the inside part of a bike tire. They are soft, flexible, and feel like leather. They are also waterproof--all perfect qualities for a bag.
The design loved by friends and others, Reich quit his job, and started his own business--Alchemy Goods. At first, he depended on his friends for inner tubes. But business was good, and he quickly ran short of these tubes. He needed a new supply. So he asked local bike stores to send him used inner tubes instead of throwing them away. To date, he has used over 300,000 inner tubes. Having a good supply of these materials is a critical part of Reich’s business.
Each bag uses as many recycled products as possible. The straps, for example, are old care seat belts. Reich’s goal is to use 1000 percent recycled materials. This is not easy. “It’s hard to come up with a product that is endlessly recycled. ___234___” He wants to let his customers know about his goal, so each bag has a number above the company logo. The number gives the percentage of recycled materials in that particular bag.
__235__Recycling turns waste into reusable things that are often cheaper than the original product. Companies turn newspapers into paper cups, for example. Up-cycling transforms water into a better quality--and more expensive --product than the original product. Alchemy Goods bags are not cheap. Each bag is handmade. Using recycled materials keeps the cost down, but the labor is expensive.Creating a business out of other people’s trash is a growing trend. Up-cycling is becoming popular. Reich joins thousands of small business owners who are taking advantage of the 250 million tons of trash that Americans throw away every year. ___236___
A．There is a lot of trash available that businesses can recycle.
B．Other times, they decide to make a living by doing something they enjoy.
C．Like other entrepreneurs, Reich believes this makes sense for business and the environment.
D．We’re a step ahead, but we’re not perfect.
E．Eli Reich cuts a seat-belt from an old car to make bags for his company.
F．Reich emphasizes that he uses recycled materials, but he creates high quality products.

The act of giving gifts is a gesture of friendship, love, celebration and thanks. With a little planning, your gifts will be remembered for years.
____237____ Put a reminder in your dairy one or two weeks before the occasion so that you can start doing your shopping. If your receivers live very far away and you need to mail the gift, then advanced planning is even more important. It will make sure that your gift gets to them on time.
Do not give based on what others on what others give you. We often hear people say, “She is spending $100 on me, so I should spend $100 on her.” ____238____ Your gifts should be based on what is on your heart for your receivers. Do not worry about whether your receivers are going to give you something back or how much they are spending on your gifts.
Respect your budget. ____239____ Gifts given with sincerity are appreciated even more than expensive items. By planning how much you need to spend on your gifts for others on your list, and you will be better prepared to shop within your budget.
Be aware of wrappings. Beautiful gifts do not necessarily need to rely on ribbons or boxes. A tastefully wrapped gift with materials that can be reused or recycled shows your caring for the environment.
____240____ The best way to present a gift is always presenting it in person. And when you do, present your gift by holding with both your hands as though you were holding it on a silver platter.
A．Keep a schedule of the special dates.
B．Present your gift with respect.
C．This is adopted from Africa culture to show respect and care.
D．The cost of your gift will not be the main gift
E．You should buy gifts which are out of your budget to show your sincerity.
F．This thinking ruins the value of giving gifts to each other.

The Decision That Changed My Life
We make decisions every day. Whether it is a small decision like what to wear that day or a big decision like where to go to college, these decisions have at least some influence on the rest of our lives. I wanted to talk about a decision I made that has changed my life forever.____241____I know that it seems like such a tiny decision, but it truly has changed my life.
I gave up soda about a month and a half before my trip to the Bahamas as a healthy step towards “getting in shape” for my trip. At first I thought it was going to be really hard giving it up, but after that first two weeks I wasn’t thinking about soda at all. One tiling led to another and I started eating better, working out more and just generally living a healthier life. I had already seen a difference in my life following this healthier life style.____242____ During my trip I was extremely tempted to drink soda because all we were drinking was water.____243____
That was because I wanted to show those who maybe thought I wouldn’t be able to do it that they were wrong. Soon the urge to drink soda somewhat disappeared and I really did not even become tempted by it by the end of the trip. I got home to the States and when I got back home I decided to weigh myself. I had lost 20 pounds on my trip!
I also wanted to give some advice for those who were in the same situation as I was, where you wanted/needed to give up something that you think you can’t live without.____244____ My friends really helped me out by supporting me and reminding me of the reason why I was doing it. Lastly, remember why you are giving it up. Use the goal of you losing weight or being generally healthier to motivate you through the struggle. In the end, giving up soda changed my life and I don’t regret my decision what so ever.
A．You need a support system.
B．I almost gave up a couple of times but stayed strong.
C．I felt happier, more energized and just all around better.
D．Weeks and weeks went by and I still was not missing drinking soda.
E．I hope you are inspired by my story to give up something that is bad for you.

Why You Should Not Worry About Procrastination
Perhaps every person on Earth has at least once been in a situation when he or she has an urgent task to do, but instead of challenging it head on, he or she postpones working on this task for as long as possible. This delay can take various forms: from doing nothing, to doing a lot of work–just not the work that should be done. The phenomenon described here is called procrastination, and its roots go much deeper than mere laziness.
____245____. They invent dozens of strategies how to stop procrastinating and increase their efficiency, forgetting about the fact that like many other psychological mechanisms, procrastination serves its own purpose, and probably even carries a message worth decoding. So, instead of blaming yourself for being lazy, the next time you procrastinate, try to look past it, and figure out what is happening to you. Most likely, procrastination is your friend. Why?
There are several arguments proving this statement. First of all, it helps you figure out your most pressing priorities. Usually, you will not procrastinate over some minor task such as sharpening a pencil or drinking a glass of water. Problems start when there is something important or difficult that needs to be done. Reasons keeping you from doing work can be different, but here is a clue to remember: try to figure out what exactly makes you avoid–as a rule, it should be exactly what your top priority task is at the moment. ____246____. On the other hand, procrastination may serve you as an indicator that you are doing something wrong, or that you are pushing yourself too hard and need to take some time to rest. Either way, the means you use to overcome procrastination is a different story; so far, try seeing procrastination as a marker, an index–and you will discover that it can be quite useful.
Surprisingly enough, procrastination can even help you fix a relationship with another person. If you had a fight, for example, there is a period of time when whatever you say to each other will most likely be perceived with skepticism or even hostility. ____247____. In this case, procrastination may give you enough time to make up your mind, find your courage, and think of the proper words or actions for an apology. The same works for another person: after a cool down period, he or she will be more susceptible to what you have to say. Use this to your advantage.
As we can see, procrastination is not necessarily a bad thing. ____248____. But it is rather a psychological instrument, the main function of which is to slow you down and give you enough time to sort out your priorities, gather information before making an important decision, or finding proper words to make your amends with another person. Thus, instead of avoiding and denying procrastination, you might want to embrace it–at least sometimes.examly.cn
A．Besides, you might have noticed how unwilling you may be when having to apologize in front of a different person–even if it was you who were wrong.
B．This varies depending on the weight of a decision that needs to be made.
C．Unlike many people got used to believing, procrastination is not a negative feature of character such as laziness.
D．Usually, people tend to see procrastination as something bad.
E．In fact, procrastinating in this case is also beneficial.
F．A pressing matter, an urgent document that needs to be written by the end of the day, an especially difficult piece of work, whatever.

Relationships are an important part of your life. They help you feel accepted and liked by others. The feelings you have about yourself and others depend on how well these needs are met.
____249____ This gives you a feeling of security. You feel secure when you know you can count on family and friends to love and to accept you the way you are. You add to your feeling of security by making others feel loved. Helping people you care about makes you feel giving and unselfish. Think about how good you feel when someone compliments (问候) or thanks you. “What a good job or I appreciate your help” are comments that you like to hear about yourself. ____250____ Naturally you feel happy when you receive a compliment. Likewise, you can compliment your family members or friends on their accomplishments.
Learn to express your thoughts clearly and listen to what others say. ____251____ Share your hopes and dreams. Express your joys and frustrations. When family members and friends are talking, take time to listen to what they are saying. Give them clues that show you are listening, such as a nod of approval or a smile.
____252____ To earn trust you need to show parents, adults, and friends that you can handle new experiences and responsibilities. Being honest and truthful with people can also help you.
A．Talk things over with your family and friends.
B．There are different opinions on good relationships.
C．One of the most important things in life is to be loved and accepted by others.
D．Such comments make you feel worthwhile.
E．Relationships help you meet your social and emotional needs.
F．Another relationship skill that helps people get along with one another is trust.

Stop all the clocks
Two hundred years ago, a device began to dominate the world of work. No, not the steam engine — the gadget was the clock. With the arrival of the factory, people were paid on the basis of how many hours they worked, rather than their material output.
The tyranny (专制的) of time was marked by a number of innovations. As few workers owned watches or clocks in the 19th century, people known as "knocker-uppers" would wander the streets knocking on doors and windows to wake workers at the right time. ____253____Eventually, as workers moved farther away from their place of employment, the power of the clock led to daily rush hours, as millions headed to and from work.
The clock's authoritarian rule may at last be weakening. ____254____But it only offered employees the ability to choose when in the day they worked their allotted (分配的) hours. Remote working has brought a greater degree of freedom. According to a recent survey, flexible working was viewed very positively, improving both people's work-life balance and productivity. Flexible workers even scored more highly on a sense of "belonging" to their organization than those on a nine- to-five schedule.
____255____Working an inflexible eight-hour schedule is incredibly restricting. Parents on a conventional routine may be able to take their children to school in the morning but are unlikely to be able to pick them up in the afternoon. Many families find themselves constantly juggling schedules and giving up precious holiday time to deal with domestic emergencies.
On reflection, it is also not too shocking that home-workers feel they are more productive. After all, few people have the ability to concentrate solidly for eight hours at a stretch. There are points in the day where people are tempted to stare out of the window or go for a walk; these may be moments when they find inspiration or recharge themselves for the next task. When they do this in an office, they risk the boss's disapproval. ____256____
Of course, the new schedule carries dangers: people may lose all separation between work and home life, and succumb to stress. To inject some human contact, companies may embrace a hybrid model in which workers go into the office for part of the week. But overall office-workers' freedom from time's yoke is to be welcomed. The clock was a cruel master and many people will be happy to escape its dominion.
A．It is hardly surprising that workers prefer flexibility.
B．But for many office workers, remote working is perfectly sensible.
C．Flexible working existed well before the pandemic.
D．Instead, at home, they can work when they are most motivated.
E．Later, factories would use hooters and whistles to signal the start and end of shifts.
F．Often, they paid a penalty (罚金) in terms of time wasted in traffic jams.

Imagine swimming in a lake on a hot summer day. The water is quite warm, but the wind is strong and the moment you leave the water you feel chilly and get “goosebumps (鸡皮疙瘩) ”. So you change clothes and move inside to warm up. You make a nice cup of tea, get under a blanket and turn on the radio. Suddenly, you hear a song from a long time ago, one that your grandmother often sang to you when you were a child. ____257____ Why do such seemingly unrelated events lead to the same bodily reaction?
Goosebumps are a physiological phenomenon we got from our animal ancestors. They are tiny elevations of the skin that look like the skin of children or geese after the feathers have been pulled off. ____258____
Goosebumps are caused by a contraction (收缩) of muscles that are attached to each hair. Each contracting muscle creates a shallow depression (凹陷) on the skin surface. As a result, the surrounding area stands out. ____259____ In animals with a thick coat of hair this rising of the hair expands the layer of air. The thicker the layer of hair, the more heat is retained. In people this reaction is useless because we do not have a coat of hair on our bodies.
In addition to cold, the hair will also stand up in many animals when they feel threatened. ____260____ This will probably make the attacker back off. People also tend to experience goosebumps during emotional situations, such as walking down the aisle during their wedding, listening to their nation’s anthem, or even just watching horror movies. Quite often a person may get goosebumps many years after a significant event, just by thinking about the emotions they were experiencing at that time.
The reason for all these responses is the subconscious release of adrenaline (肾上腺素). It is often released when we feel cold or afraid, but also if we are under stress and feel strong emotions. Other signs of adrenaline release include sweaty palms, an increase in blood pressure, a racing heart or the feeling of “butterflies” in the stomach.
A．Therefore we could also call them “turkeybumps” or “duckbumps.”
B．Again, you feel a chill on your back and again, you get goosebumps.
C．The contraction also causes the hair to stand up whenever the body feels cold.
D．When a cat is attacked by a dog, for example, the elevated hair makes the cat appear bigger.
E．Adrenaline not only causes the contraction of skin muscles but also influences many other bodily reactions.
F．It is something we inherited from our distant ancestors, though we don’t seem to benefit from the reaction much.

What Makes Me “Me”?
My culture comes from where I am from and where I was raised. I am an American. I was born and raised in Alaska. My ethnic background is German, English, and Scottish. Culture is all about family. It is a family’s belief systems, the cultural traditions that are celebrated, and the special holidays and events that occur in the year.
My parents raised me with a lot of beliefs that have had an impact on who I am today. These are the beliefs that don’t just belong to my culture, but they come straight from the values of my family. ____261____ I was raised to believe that through hard work, I could become successful and have a good life. I strive to do this every day and to be good at my life and my jobs. I’m not really religious. ____262____ I believe that if you are a good person to others, you will be rewarded for it in many ways.
There are a lot of cultural traditions that my family has. Some are from my cultural background and some are from the place where I was raised. I raise my son to have manners and to be well behaved. I raise him to know that hard work is important and that he is expected to put his best effort into things.
____263____ We gather every summer in Haines so that all the cousins can grow up together. Birthdays were always important events while growing up. My mom was excited to celebrate every holiday. Trick or treating on Halloween, hiding baskets on Easter, giving out cards to classmates on Valentine’s Day, wearing green on St. Patrick’s Day, and of course loads of presents under the tree on Christmas morning. My parents always made holidays a big deal, so now my son also gets to be excited for them every year.
My culture makes me a person that celebrates life. My family has a lot of good friends and we are usually a good part of the community. ____264____ We like to go outdoors and have adventures. My belief systems, cultural traditions, and special events have made me a happy person who is fun to be around and who can have a positive impact on others.
A．Holidays are when my family gathers and has a good time together.
B．School education has civilized me with a mind for peace and calm.
C．I believe that women are more intelligent than men because my mother is a strong woman.
D．Summer is the time when we always organize some special events as a big family.
E．However, I know that it is important to follow the golden rule and to treat others with dignity and respect.
F．We take care of each other and try to treat others with respect.

A New Exhibition Explores the Science and Math in Children’s Book Illustrations
Think back to a favorite picture book, the one where the edges of the cover grew worn and a few pages loosened from the binding after so many readings. Perhaps it was the unfolding story or the vivid illustrations that enthralled a young you. ____265____.
“Picture books are some of the first memories I have for looking at and understanding the world around me,” says J.D．Talasek, the director of the Cultural Programs of the National Academy of Sciences. But one doesn’t have to be a child to find delight and wonder in images from children’s books. That’s the premise behind a new exhibition, “Igniting the Imagination,” which opened this week at the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in Washington D．C．
The exhibition features 29 artworks from the collection of children’s book illustrations at the Mazza Museum, located at the University of Findlay in Ohio. ____266____In one, an old gentleman wearing glasses and his companion, a young boy in a red T-shirt, lean to the side as they feel the centrifugal force of a rollercoaster’s curve. The man’s hat floats above and behind him, pushed off by the wind of his motion. In another, sea turtles appear to take off like a flock of sea-green-colored birds from a tower of pink, branching coral.
____267____ The oldest is from Project Boy by Lois Lenski, published in 1954, and shows a group of children building a fort out of “junk.” The subjects range from the magic of math to the biology of a decaying log to the engineering of a skyscraper.
“The exhibit is framed through these disciplines, but it uses the power of art to help make broader connections to how inventions, practices and discoveries frame our experiences,” Talasek says.
The museum’s collection was born in 1982, as part of a celebration of the 100th anniversary of Findlay College, the university's predecessor institution. Jerry Mallett, a professor of education at the time, spearheaded the establishment of the children's book illustration collection. ____268____ The artworks include a diversity of styles and media.
A．What began as four pieces then has grown to more than 10,500 now through donations and acquisitions.
B．Most likely it was the view the book offered into a different world.
C．The illustrations come from books that span the past half-century.
D．In 1938, the American Library Association (ALA) began presenting annually the Caldecott Medal to the most distinguished children’s book illustration published in the year.
E．Each illustration explores the worlds of science, engineering or medicine.
F．Many wonderful free picture books for children are available to read, download, and print.

How to Have a Successful Teenage Life
Everyone wants to succeed in their life, don’t they? Even as a teenager, you can achieve success in your life. It really isn't that hard. ___269___
Do well in school. No matter how boring it is now, education will help you be a productive member in society. Try your best for excellence in school: listen to teachers, do your homework, study, and get good grades. Doing so will help you get into better university, which will enable you to have bright future.
Do good in your community. Volunteering can not only improve your community’s status, but make you happier. Studies show that people who volunteer are less likely to develop depression(抑郁症)than people who don't. ___270___For example, if you love animals, volunteer at an animal shelter. If you love helping the environment, plant trees or pick up litter. When you help others, it will make you feel better about yourself.
___271___ Remember, they're there to help you be the best that you can be. Respect them and value their opinions, even if they annoy you sometimes.___272___You don't get to choose your teachers or your family, but you still have to put up with them. Learn how to deal with people now, because when you're an adult, you don't get to choose your boss or your co-workers, so learn how to respect them now.
A．Live life fully.
B．Be nice to your parents and teachers.
C．Find chances to do voluntary work that interests you.
D．It will help you pass time and develop your personality.
E．Here are some important points that you may find helpful.
F．Keep in mind that they do the things because they care about you.

____273____
We all know that Italy is the best place and it is well known for its unique boot shape size with a rich history and culture. When you're travelling to Europe there are more reasons to stay and go for a visit in Italy.
Enjoy the artwork and its history.
Italy is a country which is decorated with overflowing art and specialized with a 40% artwork when calculated roughly. These various masterpieces will be seen from different art periods in museums all over the country when you visit Italy. Apart from the museums, you can also view fine examples of Medieval, Gothic, Baroque and Romanesque art in various churches. ____274____ Some few countries do not claim to have a capital city which was one of the most powerful empires in the world, nor can any match Italy as the birthplace of the European Renaissance.
Taste the good food.
Italian cuisine will be the best and most popular in worldwide dishes. Many visitors take this Italian food as their favorite. It comes as no surprise because of its rich and interesting flavors.
____275____
When considered with the fashions and more culture, this country will give a full fashion and can see cities like Milan which is considered to be the world's capitals for fashion and design. ____276____ They are particularly in the shopping center along the street of Montenapoleone, for buying trendy clothes, bags and shoes which are made up of excellent and genuine Italian leather.
A．Follow the culture and fashion.
B．Reasons for paying a visit to Italy.
C．Many people would like to visit Italy.
D．Italy has the best history for its artwork
E．It is a member of various international organizations
F．The best Italian and even international fashion houses can be seen everywhere.


参考答案：
1．C    2．A    3．E    4．B

【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷
5．D    6．A    7．F    8．B

【来源】上海市晋元高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题
9．D    10．E    11．B    12．C

【来源】上海进才中学2022--2023学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷
13．D    14．F    15．A    16．C

【来源】上海市致远高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期10月考试英语试卷
17．F    18．C    19．D    20．E

【来源】上海市新场中学2022-2023学年高一上学期第一次阶段测试英语试题
21．C    22．B    23．E    24．A

【来源】上海市北郊高级中学2021-2022学年高一上学期英语10月考试英语试卷
25．C    26．A    27．E    28．F

【来源】上海市华东师范大学第一附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷
29．E    30．C    31．B    32．D

【来源】山东省临沂市第一中学2022-2023学年高一上学期入学考试英语试题
33．A    34．E    35．F    36．D

【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2021-2022学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷
37．C    38．F    39．A    40．D

【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2021-2022学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷
41．B    42．D    43．A    44．E

【来源】上海市华东师范大学附属东昌中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期末调研考试英语试题
45．F    46．E    47．B    48．C

【来源】浙江省绍兴市2021-2022学年高一下学期期末调测英语试题.
49．D    50．E    51．C    52．F

【来源】上海奉贤区致远高级中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期末在线教学评估英语试题
53．E    54．A    55．C    56．F

【来源】上海市高一年级-六选四名校好题
57．A    58．C    59．F    60．E

【来源】上海市浦东新区2021-2022学年高一下学期期末（线上）英语试题
61．B    62．A    63．E    64．C

【来源】上海市高一年级-六选四名校好题
65．B    66．C    67．E    68．D

【来源】上海市高一年级-六选四名校好题
69．C    70．F    71．E    72．B

【来源】上海市嘉定区第一中学2021-2022学年高一下学期英语学科期末质量诊断
73．D    74．A    75．F    76．E

【来源】上海市静安区2020-2021学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题
77．E    78．B    79．D    80．A

【来源】上海市七宝中学2021-2022学年高一下学期5月线上考试英语试卷
81．E    82．C    83．F    84．A

【来源】上海市行知中学2022-2023学年高一上学期10月质量检测英语试题
85．B    86．A    87．F    88．D

【来源】上海市高一年级-六选四名校好题
89．F    90．B    91．D    92．C

【来源】上海市杨浦区市东中学2021-2022学年高一下学期线上期中考试英语试题
93．E    94．D    95．A    96．C

【来源】上海市张堰中学2021-2022学年高一下学期第三次教学质量调研英语试题
97．C    98．F    99．D    100．A

【来源】上海市高一年级-六选四名校好题
101．E    102．C    103．D    104．F

【来源】上海市华东师范大学附属天山学校2021-2022学年高一下学语期中质量评估卷英语试卷
105．C    106．E    107．A    108．D

【来源】上海市高一年级-六选四名校好题
109．D    110．C    111．F    112．B

【来源】上海市奉贤区致远高级中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期中在线教学评估英语试题（含听力）
113．F    114．E    115．D    116．B

【来源】上海市高一年级-六选四名校好题
117．F    118．B    119．A    120．C

【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2021-2022学年高一下学期摸底考试英语试题
121．D    122．A    123．B    124．F

【来源】上海市闵行区华二紫竹2021-2022学年高一下学期线上期中考试英语试卷
125．D    126．A    127．B    128．F

【来源】上海市浦东新区南汇中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷
129．C    130．A    131．B    132．E

【来源】上海市高一年级-六选四名校好题
133．E    134．B    135．A    136．C

【来源】上海市仙霞高级中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期中英语试卷
137．A    138．D    139．F    140．B

【来源】上海市吴淞中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷
141．C    142．E    143．A    144．F

【来源】上海市闵行（文绮）中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期中英语试卷
145．E    146．D    147．A    148．C

【来源】上海市控江中学20212022学年高一下学期期中英语试卷
149．B    150．E    151．F    152．C

【来源】上海市静安区民立中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期中检测英语试题
153．C    154．E    155．B    156．D

【来源】上海市浦东新区进才中学2021-2022学年高一下学期4月期中阶段练习英语试卷
157．D    158．E    159．A    160．C

【来源】上海市高一年级-六选四名校好题
161．E    162．B    163．A    164．D

【来源】上海市嘉定区第二中学2021-2022学年高一下学期第一次质量检测英语试卷
165．F    166．A    167．B    168．E

【来源】上海市鲁迅中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期中英语试卷
169．F    170．C    171．A    172．E

【来源】上海市位育中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期中线上诊断考试英语试题
173．E    174．B    175．A    176．C

【来源】上海市2020-2021学年高一下学期期末复习英语综合测试
177．F    178．D    179．A    180．E

【来源】上海市崇明区横沙中学2021-2022学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题
181．B    182．A    183．D    184．E

【来源】上海市吴淞中学2019-2020学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题
185．C    186．E    187．F    188．B

【来源】浙江省绍兴市2021-2022学年高一上学期期末调测英语试题
189．F    190．E    191．D    192．B

【来源】上海市高一年级-六选四名校好题
193．F    194．D    195．A    196．B

【来源】上海市金山区2021-2022学年高一上学期期末质量检测英语试题
197．C    198．B    199．E    200．D

【来源】上海市浦东新区2021-2022学年高一上学期期末教学质量检测英语试卷
201．C    202．D    203．A    204．F

【来源】10 读写能力运用 复习宾语从句 -2022年【寒假分层作业】高一英语（上海专用）
205．D    206．A    207．F    208．C

【来源】05 读写能力运用 复习情态动词 -2022年【寒假分层作业】高一英语（上海专用）
209．C    210．E    211．B    212．A

【来源】06 读写能力运用 复习动名词 -2022年【寒假分层作业】高一英语（上海专用）
213．E    214．B    215．D    216．A

【来源】上海市上海大学附属中学2021-2022学年高一上学期英语12月考试试题
217．D    218．E    219．A    220．B

【来源】上海市徐汇区2021-2022学年高一年级上学期期末考试英语试卷
221．B    222．E    223．C    224．D

【来源】上海市大同中学2020-2021学年高一下学期3月月考英语试卷
225．F    226．A    227．D    228．C

【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2021-2022学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷
229．B    230．E    231．D    232．F

【来源】上海2021-2022学年牛津上海版高一英语上学期期末练习2
233．B    234．D    235．F    236．C

【来源】2021-2022学年牛津上海版高一英语上学期期末练习1
237．A    238．F    239．D    240．B

【来源】上海市杨浦区控江中学2020-2021学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题
241．E    242．C    243．B    244．A

【来源】上海市浦东新区2020-2021学年高一上学期英语期末试题
245．D    246．F    247．A    248．C

【来源】上海市高一年级-六选四名校好题
249．C    250．D    251．A    252．F

【来源】上海市徐汇区2020-2021学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷
253．E    254．C    255．A    256．D

【来源】上海市向明中学2020-2021学年高一上学期12月考试英语试题
257．B    258．A    259．C    260．D

【来源】上海市徐汇中学2020-2021学年高一上学期10月考试英语试卷
261．C    262．E    263．A    264．F

【来源】上海市徐汇区2021-2022学年高一年级上学期11月期中考试英语试题
265．B    266．E    267．C    268．A

【来源】上海市高一年级-六选四名校好题
269．E    270．C    271．B    272．F

【来源】浙江省诸暨市第二高级中学2021-2022学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题
273．B    274．D    275．A    276．F

【来源】上海市风华高级中学2021-2022学年高一上学期期中测试英语试题