21. 完形填空专练（题干15个选项）-版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典

这是一份21. 完形填空专练（题干15个选项）-版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典，文件包含21完形填空题干15个选项解析版-版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典docx、21完形填空题干15个选项简明答案版-版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典docx、21完形填空题干15个选项原题版-版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典docx等3份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共308页， 欢迎下载使用。
第21讲： 完形填空专练（十五个选项）



Experts often tell students to put their efforts on a narrow field to get a job after school. But recent research into Nobel Prize winners suggests that wider interests are ___1___.
One of the winners of the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was Danish scientist Morten Meldal. When describing his career, Meldal said he ___2___ as an engineer but changed to chemistry because, he “wanted to understand the world”. Meldal’s experience and the way he sees things may come as a(n) ___3___ to students. They might believe they have to ___4___ their work and school lives in one field to be successful. But a study from professors at Michigan State University ___5___ that belief. They said that many Nobel Prize winners can be described as “polymaths,” those who have many ___6___ interests in both their work and personal lives.
The professors looked at past Nobel Prize winners and their students. They decided that when ___7___ of winners go on to win Nobel Prizes, some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests. They are, in a way, learning how to be ___8___.
Having many interests ___9___ scientists to look for innovative ways to address problems. In fact, one important part of science is not discovering answers, but ___10___ problems that need to be settled. For example, Alexis Carrel won his Nobel Prize in medicine in 1912 by ___11___ techniques he learned from the clothing business. He realized that people who used thread to make and fix clothing had a skill that could be used in ___12___ to put new organs into people’s bodies. One winner in medicine — Christiane Nusslein-Volhard — once told young scientists to avoid following the “___13___” and move out of their study areas to be independent and original.
___14___, the Michigan State professors found that most professionals are not like the prize-winners. The prize-winners are special in that they ___15___ look for the chances to learn new things, even outside of their jobs.
1．A．scientific B．competing C．essential D．immediate
2．A．started out B．made off C．looked over D．turned aside
3．A．distraction B．surprise C．example D．burden
4．A．ease B．tip C．treat D．center
5．A．exemplified B．confirmed C．edited D．rejected
6．A．diverse B．similar C．mathematical D．peculiar
7．A．teachers B．students C．peers D．children
8．A．creative B．leisure C．academic D．reasonable
9．A．spoils B．pours C．permits D．starves
10．A．abandoning B．recognizing C．capitalizing D．worsening
11．A．shrinking B．tracking C．individualizing D．transferring
12．A．operations B．engines C．clothing D．machinery
13．A．cornerstone B．mainstream C．upkeep D．outflow
14．A．As a result B．On the contrary C．In a row D．At a cost
15．A．unevenly B．fruitlessly C．regularly D．reluctantly

Researchers continue to show the power behind our sense of smell. Recent studies have found, among other things, that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in ____16____ on roads.
The review explains that smell is unique in its effect on the ____17____ . According to Conrad King, the researcher who carried out the review, “more than any other senses, the sense of smell goes through the logical part of the brain and acts on the systems concerned with ____18____ . This is why the smell of baking bread can ____19____ the best intentions of one going on a diet.”
Smell, which reveals the unbelievable ____20____ of food tastes, has always been the least understood of our senses. Our noses are able to detect up to 10,000 ____21____ smells. Our ability to smell and taste this extremely large range of smells is controlled by something like 1, 000 genes, which make up an amazing 3% of the human genome (基因组). Researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck were together awarded a Nobel Prize in 2004 for their ground-breaking research on the ____22____ of this extraordinary sense. These two scientists were the first to describe the family of 1,000 olfactory (嗅觉的) genes and to explain how our olfactory system works.
According to one study in the research review, smelling fresh pizza or even the packaging of fast foods can be enough to make drivers feel ____23____ with other road users. They are then more likely to speed and experience uncontrollable anger on roads. The most reasonable explanation is that these can all make drivers feel hungry, and therefore ____24____ to satisfy their appetites.
____25____ , the smells of peppermint and cinnamon were shown to improve concentration levels as well as reduce drivers’ impatience.  ____26____ , the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear thinking and mental focus.
However, the way that genes ____27____ smell differs from person to person. A study by researchers in Israel has identified at least 50 olfactory genes which are ____28____ in some people and not in others. They believe this may  ____29____ why some of us love some smells and tastes while others hate them. The Israel researchers say their study shows that nearly every human being shows a ____30____ pattern of active and inactive smell-detecting receptors.
16．A．pedestrians B．policemen C．cyclists D．drivers
17．A．emotion B．behavior C．brain D．body
18．A．intelligence B．ability C．thinking D．feelings
19．A．destroy B．decrease C．reveal D．satisfy
20．A．task B．complexity C．influence D．creation
21．A．strange B．peculiar C．distinct D．extinct
22．A．intention B．nature C．creation D．development
23．A．impatient B．amazed C．dissatisfied D．disappointed
24．A．willing B．determined C．desperate D．likely
25．A．In addition B．Without doubt C．To be honest D．In contrast
26．A．Gradually B．Similarly C．Relatively D．Generally
27．A．regulate B．improve C．create D．change
28．A．turned down B．switched on C．approved of D．backed up
29．A．warn B．conceal C．inform D．explain
30．A．different B．clear C．normal D．regular

The Greek historian Herodotus is said to have made one of the earliest lists of seven wonders of the world, including the still mysterious accomplishment of ancient horticulture known as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. More recent times saw natural ____31____ to these marvels of classical architecture proposed: waterfalls, mountains, canyons, reefs.
As environmental consciousness has risen in the west, ____32____ to such sightseeing have changed. Yes, it is thrilling to visit remote forests or spot rare species. ____33____, travelling to faraway destinations is carbon-intensive. When flights or long road journeys are involved, ____34____ can be made more difficult as well as assisted by sightseers. There is a(n) ____35____ to be struck, and ethical governments and businesses around the world try to maximise the benefits while minimising, the harms. Colombia, ____36____, recently introduced laws aimed at promoting sustainable tourism
Most of us, in the rich countries where people take most holidays, understand better than ever that there are costs as well as benefits ____37____ exploring. One of the six promises proposed by an environmental campaign launched last month, The Jump, is to “holiday ____38____”, taking short-distance flights once every three years and long-distance flights very rarely. Fortunately, the UK’s 15 national parks, 86 areas of outstanding natural beauty and countless other landscapes mean that there is no ____39____ of special places for domestic nature tourists to visit.
One recent survey found that Windsor Great Park and Kew have become Britain’s most _____40_____ attractions. Visitor numbers at wildlife trusts (野生生物托管组织) are high, with waiting lists for beaver-spotting. Some companies that formerly ran foreign trips have _____41_____ to the pandemic by taking people to watch dolphins and other marine life off British coasts instead.
This is not to minimise the destruction of nature that is also _____42_____. Sewage outflows are out of control due to failed water industry regulation The owners of a popular rewilded estate in West Sussex have waned that plans to build 3,500 homes next to their land would be _____43_____ for the species that live there. But as we confront an environmental emergency that grows ever more dangerous, it is essential to cultivate _____44_____ of nature that surrounds us. In a small way, holiday outings to watch dragonflies, kingfishers (鸟) or seals, or be surrounded by trees that are coming into leaf, could help us to focus on what _____45_____.
31．A．limits B．offerings C．alternatives D．superiors
32．A．attitudes B．chapters C．bans D．restorations
33．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．Consequently D．However
34．A．conservation B．transportation C．admission D．expression
35．A．focus B．threat C．pose D．balance
36．A．in short B．for example C．by contrast D．above all
37．A．compared to B．particular about C．associated with D．distant from
38．A．local B．remote C．noble D．overseas
39．A．paradise B．exhibition C．shortage D．boast
40．A．genuine B．fortunate C．ignorant D．popular
41．A．adapted B．connected C．held D．restored
42．A．concentrating on B．going away C．taking place D．figuring out
43．A．miraculous B．cheerful C．economical D．disastrous
44．A．comfort B．appreciation C．splendor D．behavior
45．A．matters B．debates C．reflects D．approaches

The old 1986 truck was a gift from his grandfather. It worked, but it was large and inconvenient. So it was not an ideal vehicle for Ian Cheney’s ____46____ inner-city neighborhood in New York. Many New Yorkers would look at the truck and think of a rubbish dump. Ian Cheney looked at his grandfather’s truck and thought of a (n) ____47____.
As in other large cities, there are not many places to grow food in New York. Yet Cheney wanted a vegetable garden. Many urban farmers in New York have found ____48____ ways to grow vegetables. There are rooftop gardens high above the city. There are community gardens in old parking lots. There is even a (n) ____49____ garden in the Hudson River. Cheney, however, didn’t ____50____ any of these. So the old truck was a (n) ____51____ solution. The back of the truck provided him with the ____52____ he needed. “Since I don’t have a rooftop to grow any food,” Cheney explains. “It seemed like the logical thing to do.”
So Cheney ____53____ to work. First, he drilled holes in the truck bed for drainage—allowing water to pass through the bed. Then he laid down a recycled plastic mat. The soil came next. He made sure that everything was organic. Cheney ____54____ organic because he wanted to grow vegetables without chemicals. Then he planted lettuce, herbs, spinach, and tomatoes. Finally, he watered and waited.
When the food was ready to pick, Cheney drove the truck from one urban neighborhood to another. He ____55____some of the vegetables. He sold the rest to friends and neighbors. Everywhere he parked, passersby stopped and talked about the beautiful vegetable garden in the back of the truck.
Cheney is ____56____ about food. He strongly believes that people are better off eating more local food, because it reduces economic and environmental ____57____. There is also the question of nutrition. Less nutritional benefits of vegetables ____58____ over time. So eating food within a few days of harvesting is healthier for you.
Cheney knows that his truck cannot solve the problem of the lack of fresh food in all neighborhoods. Yet, like rooftop gardens, it could be part of the solution. Cheney continues to plant his truck and drive it around New York neighborhoods. He hopes that fresh and healthy food can be ____59____ in more places, including inner-city areas. As Cheney says, “If we can grow food in the back of a 1986 Dodge pickup, we can ____60____ find better ways to grow more fresh produce.”
46．A．crowded B．plain C．deserted D．breathtaking
47．A．house B．square C．farm D．bank
48．A．creative B．uniform C．regular D．ugly
49．A．floating B．emerging C．rising D．remaining
50．A．have attachment to B．make commitments to C．have access to D．make contributions to
51．A．difficult B．practical C．limited D．common
52．A．tool B．space C．information D．material
53．A．set up B．set off C．set aside D．set out
54．A．recognized B．measured C．commercialized D．preferred
55．A．gave away B．gave up C．gave back D．gave in
56．A．curious B．anxious C．optimistic D．passionate
57．A．consumption B．costs C．advantages D．significance
58．A．change B．decrease C．remain D．adapt
59．A．acceptable B．reasonable C．popular D．available
60．A．logically B．vaguely C．definitely D．randomly

Processed foods like chips, soda and frozen pizzas are full of salt, sugar and fat. Now scientists are trying to understand if there is something else about such foods that may be bad for humans. Scientists have already linked low-cost, ____61____ foods to rising obesity rates around the world. Three recent studies offer more ____62____ into how our increasingly industrialized food supply may be affecting our health.
What does processed food mean?
The researchers created a system that ____63____ foods into four groups. The system says highly processed foods are made ____64____ of industrialized materials and additives. Sodas, packaged cookies, instant noodles and chicken nuggets are some examples of highly processed foods. But also included are products that can ____65____ healthy, such as morning cereals, energy bars and some kinds of yogurt.
What’s wrong with processed foods?
Researchers at the National Institutes of Health conducted a four-week study involving 20 people. They found that people eat about 500 more calories a day when ____66____ mostly processed foods. That is compared with when the  ____67____ subjects were given less processed foods. The researchers permitted the 20 participants to eat as much or as little as they wanted. They were taken to a medical center so their health and behavior could be ____68____.
In another study, researchers in France found people who ate more processed foods were more likely to have heart disease. ____69____, a similar study in Spain linked eating more processed foods to a higher risk of death in general.
What is it about processed foods?
When given less processed foods, people in the study ____70____ more of a hormone that controls hunger, and less of a hormone that causes hunger. The reason for the ____71____ is not clear. The scientists also found that people ate processed foods more quickly.
Kevin Hall is one of the researchers who led the study. He told the AP that processed foods are usually softer and easier to chew and swallow. Hall noted the source of nutrients might ____72____. For example, fiber from whole fruits and vegetables may be better for making people feel ____73____ than fiber added to packaged foods such as energy bars and yogurt.
What should you eat?
Avoiding processed foods can be hard, ____74____ for people with limited time and money. Processed foods can also take many forms. In addition, companies continually ____75____ products to make them seem healthier. The newest studies may provide more reasons to avoid processed foods. But, they also call attention to the difficulty of coming up with ways to do that.
61．A．organic B．delicious C．packaged D．cheap
62．A．inquiries B．insights C．explorations D．reports
63．A．distinguishes B．defines C．classifies D．keeps
64．A．specially B．mostly C．naturally D．technically
65．A．remain B．feel C．become D．appear
66．A．consumed B．forced C．deprived D．fed
67．A．same B．normal C．different D．alternative
68．A．explained B．tracked C．cured D．overlooked
69．A．Meanwhile B．However C．Hence D．Otherwise
70．A．collected B．produced C．absorbed D．relieved
71．A．hunger B．procedure C．reaction D．feedback
72．A．strike a balance B．run a risk C．pose a threat D．make a difference
73．A．ful1 B．content C．starving D．excited
74．A．especially B．generally C．specially D．reasonably
75．A．restructure B．rearrange C．redecorate D．reengineer

A screen door (纱门) allows for an open view while at the same time affording a degree of privacy. ____76____, communication between parents and their child away at college should have openness in expressing viewpoints but, at the same time, it should demonstrate a respect for privacy. Staying in touch with each other is important because without ____77____, there is no connection and worry can take over. All involved should try to be ____78____ in listening to, understanding and dealing with special concerns or needs that arise whether they be from the student, parents or friends.
For the happy student adjusting well at school, calls to home can be infrequent. This is not necessarily a cause for parents to worry. While parents are naturally ____79____ about what their child is up to, the majority of students are busy getting ____80____ to their new home, making new friends and ____81____ to new schedules and activities. The fact is that without any ill intention on purpose, they can spend little time thinking about home and they may not appreciate the degree of their parents’ ____82____ curiosity.
For the student who is not adjusting well at school, calls to home will probably be made more ____83____. This circumstance can bring a ____84____ period for both parent and child. For the parents at home, it can be terribly _____85_____ to sense their child is unhappy. It is difficult to judge how we should react to this challenge: as _____86_____, we want to bring our children home to the safety of our nest; in our parent-teacher role, we want to _____87_____ the ties and allow our child the opportunity to make it on his/her own.
For the student away at school, unhappiness can be lonely and frightening and in some cases, it can lead to depression and illness. There is a sense of _____88_____ for some homesick students who fear that Mom and Dad will _____89_____ their inability to cope with the new environment. This is especially true when the homesick one sees classmates adjusting somewhat effortlessly. No matter what the circumstances are that have created _____90_____, communication between parent and child must remain open, honest and in balance.
76．A．Relatively B．Contrarily C．Typically D．Similarly
77．A．sacrifice B．privacy C．appreciation D．communication
78．A．sensitive B．confident C．casual D．modest
79．A．uninformed B．curious C．happy D．sensible
80．A．accustomed B．married C．contributed D．appealed
81．A．adding B．referring C．adjusting D．leading
82．A．strange B．increasing C．awakened D．normal
83．A．formally B．frequently C．sincerely D．patiently
84．A．disappointing B．recovering C．challenging D．training
85．A．damaging B．disturbing C．demanding D．exhausting
86．A．protectors B．reminders C．inspectors D．individuals
87．A．maintain B．establish C．restore D．cut
88．A．relief B．responsibility C．achievement D．embarrassment
89．A．get bored with B．get upset with C．be ignorant of D．be honest with
90．A．opportunity B．uncertainty C．unhappiness D．nervousness

Never in recorded history has a language been as widely spoken as English is today. The reason why millions are learning it is simple; it is the language of international business and, ___91___, the key to financial success.
David Graddol, the author of English Next, says it is ___92___ to view the story of English simply as a success for its native speakers in North America, Britain, etc.— but that would be an easy mistake. Global English has entered a more complex stage, changing in ways that the English-speaking countries cannot control and might not ___93___.
An important question one might ask is: whose English will it be in the future? Non-native speakers now ___94___ native English speakers by three to one. The majority of encounters in English today take place between non-native speakers. According to Graddol, many business meetings held in English appear to run more smoothly when no native English speakers are ___95___, whose use of idioms, metaphors, phrasal verbs, etc. often cause ___96___ problems.
Professor Barbara Seidlhofer, Professor at the University of Vienna, records and transcribes spoken English interactions around the world. She has noticed that non-native speakers are ___97___ standard English grammar in several ways. Even the most experienced speakers sometimes omit the “s” in the third person singular. Many omit definite and indefinite articles where they are ___98___ in standard English, or put them in where standard English does not use them. Nouns that are not plural in native-speaker English are used as plurals by non-native speakers (e.g. “informations, knowledges, advices”).
Many native English speakers will insist that these are just ___99___. “Knowledges” and “phone to somebody” are simply wrong. Many non-native speakers who teach English around the world would ____100____. But language changes, and so do concepts of grammatical ____101____.
For now, those who insist on standard English grammar remain in a(n) ____102____ position. Academics who want their work published in international journals have to obey the grammatical rules followed by native English-speaking elites(精英).
But spoken English in another matter. Why should non-native speakers bother with what native speakers regard as correct? Their main aim, ____103____, is to be understood by one another, and in most cases there is no native speaker present.
Professor Seidlhofer says, “I think what we are looking at is the ____104____ of a new international attitude, the recognition and awareness that in many international contexts non-native speakers do not need to speak like native speakers, to compare themselves to them, and thus always feel ‘____105____ .’”
91．A．however B．therefore C．otherwise D．besides
92．A．relieving B．shocking C．tempting D．disappointing
93．A．like B．oppose C．mind D．doubt
94．A．outnumber B．overlook C．upgrade D．underestimate
95．A．attentive B．agreeable C．energetic D．present
96．A．fluency B．comprehension C．memory D．concentration
97．A．translating B．improving C．varying D．obeying
98．A．edited B．neglected C．avoided D．required
99．A．mistakes B．coincidences C．exceptions D．excuses
100．A．fear B．object C．agree D．fight
101．A．ignorance B．evolution C．correctness D．guidance
102．A．honoured B．mysterious C．falling D．powerful
103．A．by comparison B．after all C．on purpose D．in reality
104．A．disappearance B．emergence C．criticism D．evaluation
105．A．less good B．less lonely C．more alive D．more adapted

On a cold winter evening, I was walking home, tired and hungry, when suddenly came screams (呼喊声) from behind some trees. ____106____ , I slowed down to listen, and realized that what I was hearing were the sounds of a fight. A girl was being ____107____ not far from where I stood.
“Should I go to help her?” I thought. I was worried about my own ____108____ , and I regretted having suddenly decided to take a new way home that night. “What if I’m hurt too? Shouldn’t I just ____109____ to the nearest phone and call the police?” But already the girl’s ____110____ were growing weaker. I knew it was time for me to act fast because I could not ____111____ to the life of this unknown girl ____112____ it meant risking my own life.
I am not a ____113____ man. I didn’t know where I found the courage and physical strength, but once I had finally ____114____ to help the girl, I became suddenly changed. I ran behind the bushes and ______115______ the attacker off the girl. Struggling, we fell to the ground, where we fought for a few minutes until the man jumped up and escaped.
______116______ heavily, I stood up and came up to the girl, who was crying behind a tree. In the ______117______ , I could not see her clearly, but I could certainly ______118______ her shock. Not wanting to frighten her any further, I at first spoke to her from a distance.
“It’s OK,” I said ______119______ . “The man ran away. You’re safe now.” There was a long stop and then I heard the words, said in both wonder and surprise, “Dad, is that you?” And then, from behind the tree, stepped out my youngest ______120______ , Katherine.
106．A．Frightened B．Excited C．Interested D．Disappointed
107．A．killed B．attacked C．robbed D．caught
108．A．money B．future C．safety D．family
109．A．move B．walk C．go D．rush
110．A．sounds B．noises C．cries D．cheers
111．A．pay no attention B．look forward C．make a decision D．make a complaint
112．A．because B．although C．as D．but
113．A．kind B．powerful C．brave D．mean
114．A．agreed B．planned C．determined D．promised
115．A．took B．dropped C．got D．pulled
116．A．Walking B．Drinking C．Fighting D．Breathing
117．A．daylight B．afternoon C．midnight D．darkness
118．A．see B．feel C．guess D．find
119．A．loudly B．angrily C．softly D．happily
120．A．cousin B．son C．daughter D．grandson

Last spring, I was fortunate to be chosen to participate in an exchange study program. In my application letter, I was careful to____121____how much I wanted to see France; evidently, my excitement really came through in my words. Once I knew that I was going, all I could think about was the fun of foreign travel and all sorts of new and____122____friends. While travelling was inspiring and meeting people was____123____, nothing about my term in France was what I expected.
The moment I arrived in Paris, I was____124____by a nice French couple who would become my host parents. My entire experience was joyous and exiting____125____I received some shocking news from my program coordinator (协调人); there had been a death in host parents’ extended family. They had to travel outside France for several weeks. That afternoon, I had to____126____out of one family’s house and into another. The exchange coordinator told me I’d have a____127____this time and asked whether I could share a bedroom with an English speaker. To avoid the____128____to speak my native language, I asked not to be____129____with an English-speaking roommate. When I got to my new room, I____130____myself to my new roommate Paolo, a Brazilian, the same age as I, whom I was surprised to find playing one of my favorite CDs! In just a few hours, we knew we’d be good friends for the rest of the____131____.
I left France with many____132____, so when people ask me what my favorite part of the trip was, they are always____133____to hear me talk about my Brazilian friend Paolo and the scores of the weekdays in class, weeknights on the town, and weekends____134____France we enjoyed together. The most valuable lesson I gained from the studying in France wasn’t just to respect the French people____135____to respect all people, for your next best friend could be just a continent away. I would recommend an exchange program to anyone who wants to experience foreign cultures and gain meaningful friendships.
121．A．discuss B．express C．announce D．argue
122．A．stubborn B．anxious C．universal D．interesting
123．A．boring B．upsetting C．exciting D．promising
124．A．sponsored B．witnessed C．greeted D．supported
125．A．until B．when C．since D．while
126．A．move B．travel C．walk D．rush
127．A．housekeeper B．leader C．roommate D．colleague
128．A．pleasure B．appreciation C．temptation D．decision
129．A．fixed B．fitted C．involved D．placed
130．A．added B．introduced C．devoted D．adapted
131．A．term B．week C．month D．vacation
132．A．presents B．suitcases C．stories D．dreams
133．A．surprised B．disturbed C．embarrassed D．concerned
134．A．analyzing B．exploring C．describing D．investigating
135．A．and B．but C．or D．so

Should you listen to music when you work?
Do you like to listen to music when you work?
Ask this question at a party, and you’ll probably get ___136___ responses. Some will say they love it, claiming that it improves their performance; others will say they find it distracting (分散注意力的) and cannot work ___137___with music playing in the background.
Interestingly enough, our research has found that both of these viewpoints can be true. It just ___138___ on what sort of work you’ re doing.
In a recent study, we brought participants into our lab to perform a variety of tasks. They included a(n)  __139__ task-searching through word lists and crossing out words containing the letter “a” and a more difficult task — memorizing word pairs and ___140___ the word to its partner. Some participants completed all of the tasks in silence, ___141___ others completed the tasks with instrumental music that was either loud or soft, and either simple or complex, the latter meaning music with more instruments being played.
We found that participants who listened to simple music or no music performed about the same on the easy task. However, participants who listened to ___142___ music performed best on the easy task.
On the contrary, participants performed worse on the more difficult task when they listened to any music, regardless of complexity or volume, compared to those who didn’t listen to any music.
We suggest that people have limited mental resources from which both ___143___ and tasks can draw. We can become ___144___ and our minds may wander when these resources are not fully used. But we also can become over-excited and ___145___when these resources are used up.
136．A．fixed B．similar C．various D．positive
137．A．effectively B．immediately C．exactly D．happily
138．A．depends B．focuses C．carries D．takes
139．A．unpleasant B．familiar C．impossible D．easy
140．A．matching B．realizing C．suggesting D．creating
141．A．until B．while C．since D．when
142．A．dull B．reliable C．necessary D．complex
143．A．music B．work C．study D．culture
144．A．surprised B．bored C．afraid D．proud
145．A．interested B．distracted C．attracted D．worried

Some people seem to have a secret for learning languages. They can ___146___ new vocabulary, master rules or grammar, and learn to write in the new language more ___147___ than others. They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others, so what makes language learning so much easier for them? Perhaps if we take a ___148___ look at these successful language learners, we may discover a few of the ___149___ which make language learning easier for them.
First of all, successful language learners are ___150___ learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own ___151___ to learn the language. ___152___ waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves.
Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they ___153___ such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a(n) ___154___. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult, they can get information that is inexact or ____155____. It is more important for them to learn to ____156____ in the language than to know the meaning of every word.
Finally, successful language learners are learners with a ____157____. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.
What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner, you have ____158____ been learning independently, actively, and purposefully. On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than ____159____, you might as well try some of the techniques mentioned ____160____.
146．A．take up B．pick up C．show up D．turn up
147．A．quickly B．slowly C．fairly D．carefully
148．A．good B．close C．obvious D．high
149．A．chances B．opportunities C．choices D．techniques
150．A．reliable B．interesting C．successful D．independent
151．A．way B．ability C．reason D．interest
152．A．Because of B．Except for C．Instead of D．In spite of
153．A．look up B．look into C．look out D．look for
154．A．decision B．error C．plan D．promise
155．A．incomplete B．important C．impossible D．irregular
156．A．tell B．say C．think D．speak
157．A．pressure B．right C．choice D．purpose
158．A．probably B．hardly C．nearly D．luckily
159．A．necessary B．important C．successful D．interesting
160．A．above B．below C．beside D．behind

Why College Is Not Home
The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming a(n) ____161____ period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.
For previous generations, college was decisive ____162____ from parental control; guidance and support needed came from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, ____163____, continued connection with a dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have ____164____ significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a(n) ____165____ from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, ____166____ have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.
To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and ____167____. This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both ____168____ and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it ____169____ to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.
Learning to deal with the _____170_____ world is equally important. Because college community (群里) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of _____171_____. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding a(n) _____172_____ within a larger and complex community.
Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior _____173_____ another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined (规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.
It is not surprising that young people are likely to _____174_____, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world.
Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary _____175_____ between safety and self-discovery.
161．A．extended B．critical C．irreversible D．independent
162．A．protection B．distraction C．break D．absence
163．A．however B．therefore C．for example D．above all
164．A．suffered B．increased C．decreased D．persisted
165．A．extension B．substitute C．range D．passage
166．A．parents B．universities C．students D．governments
167．A．demonstration B．frustration C．independence D．experimentation
168．A．intellectually B．psychologically C．strategically D．thoroughly
169．A．efficient B．convenient C．safe D．appealing
170．A．social B．academic C．digital D．complicated
171．A．achievement B．security C．belonging D．responsibility
172．A．occupation B．model C．ideal D．identity
173．A．stands for B．runs and against C．makes up for D．applies to
174．A．stand out B．break down C．cheer up D．set out
175．A．tension B．intention C．confusion D．evaluation

Most people believe they don’t have much imagination. They are ____176____. Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to ____177____ it. Creativity isn’t always ____178____ with great works of art or ideas. People at work and in their free time often ____179____ creative ways to solve problems. Maybe you have a goal to achieve, a tricky question to answer or you just want to expand your mind! Here are three techniques to help you.
Making connections! This technique involves taking ____180____ ideas and trying to find links between them. First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle. Write down all the idea or words ____181____with candles: light, fire, matches, night, silence, etc. The next stage is to relate the ____182____ to the job you have to do. So imagine you want to buy a friend an original ____183____; you could buy him tickets to match or take him out for the night.
NO limits! Imagine that normal limitations don’t ____184____. You have as much time, space, money, etc. as you want. Think about your goal and the new _____185_____. If your goal is to learn to ski, _____186_____, you can now practise skiing every day of your life (because you have the time and the money). Now _____187_____ this to reality. Maybe you can practise skiing ever day in December, or every Monday in January.
Be someone else! Look at the situation from a _____188_____ point of view. Good businessmen use this technique in trade, and so do writers. Fiction writers often imagine they are the _____189_____ in their books. They ask question: What does this character want? Why can’t she get it? What changes must she make to get what she wants? If your goal _____190_____ other people, put yourself in their positions. The best fishermen think like fish!
176．A．wrong B．unbelievable C．reasonable D．realistic
177．A．put up with B．catch up with C．make use of D．keep track of
178．A．equipped B．compared C．covered D．connected
179．A．regard B．think of C．consider D．look upon
180．A．familiar B．unrelated C．creative D．imaginary
181．A．presented B．marked C．lit D．associated
182．A．ideas B．ambitions C．achievement D．technique
183．A．experience B．service C．present D．object
184．A．work B．last C．exist D．change
185．A．possibilities B．limitations C．tendency D．practice
186．A．in fact B．in particular C．as a whole D．for example
187．A．devote B．adapt C．lead D．keep
188．A．private B．global C．different D．practical
189．A．features B．themes C．creatures D．characters
190．A．involves B．occupies C．includes D．contains

After staying at home one afternoon for a delivery of discounted sink that never came, Valentin Romanov, a Stockholm IT manager, installed a special lock on his flat’s entrance. When no one is in, deliverymen unlock the door and slip packages inside. Four months on, Mr. Romanov has ____191____ his spending online and says he cannot imagine life without in-home deliveries. These are sweet words for delivery firms and online retailers (零售商), Amazon included, that are setting up ____192____ with lock manufacturers to overcome a big obstacle for e-commerce.
Traditional deliveries fail so ____193____ that a parcel is driven to a home an average of l.5 times in the Nordic region, says Kenneth Verlage, head of business development at PostNord, a logistics (物流) giant operating in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. It is an expensive ____194____ made worse, he says, by the fact that recipients have still often had to wait for a failed delivery. Some deliverers leave packages on doorsteps, but this ____195____ theft. Of 1,000 Americans surveyed this year by Shorr, a packaging firm, nearly a third had been victims of “porch piracy”, as this is known. Two-fifths ____196____ certain online purchases for fear of it.
A number of firms now sell wirelessly connected locks which a delivery person can open using a passcode or smartphone app after the ____197____ has issued a temporary authorization before leaving home or remotely. Deliveries are filmed with an indoor security camera paired with the lock. The short videos are sent to parcel addressees and typically ____198____, comically in Mr. Romanov’s view, with a jiggle (抖动) of the door handle from outside to show that the departing delivery person has locked up.
Amazon began offering in-home deliveries in 37 American cities in November. Shoppers who have had a special ____199____ and camera installed can select in-home delivery at checkout. Like most firms _____200_____ the service, Amazon is tight-lipped about user numbers. The boss of August Home, a San Francisco maker of in-home delivery locks, says that already hundreds of thousands of delivery drivers, dog-walkers, cleaners and Airbnb guests use its app _____201_____ to enter others’ homes.
Offerings are _____202_____. In 2018 August Home will go to Australia and Britain, and PostNord will launch in-home delivery in four Nordic countries. Walmart and Sears have tried it: Sears even tested unattended appliance repairs. Five logistics firms and two Swedish supermarket chains are trying or using locks from Glue, a firm based in Stockholm, for in-home deliveries.
_____203_____ suspect these efforts will not amount to much. Plenty of _____204_____ will be fearful about theft.
Rhino Security Labs, a Seattle computer-security firm, claims it hacked into and shut off the video in one Amazon lock-and-camera system. In-home deliveries are incompatible (不兼容的) with theft alarms. And what if an improperly fenced-off dog or cat slips outside? Or a valuable item on display gets knocked over? These are _____205_____ questions. But e-commerce firms have unlocked harder ones.
191．A．deleted B．doubled C．checked D．decreased
192．A．branches B．partnerships C．funds D．conferences
193．A．occasionally B．unexpectedly C．frequently D．miserably
194．A．development B．purchase C．inefficiency D．tradition
195．A．records B．reduces C．invites D．commits
196．A．make B．avoid C．control D．assess
197．A．driver B．manager C．resident D．deliverer
198．A．start B．disappear C．end D．emerge
199．A．door B．lock C．computer D．application
200．A．granting B．buying C．framing D．offering
201．A．illegally B．unknowingly C．keylessly D．fearfully
202．A．threatening B．competing C．multiplying D．shrinking
203．A．Designers B．Advocates C．Adopters D．Opponents
204．A．firms B．consumers C．hackers D．producers
205．A．unimportant B．general C．tricky D．improper

Female penguins get stranded
Every year, thousands of Magellanic penguins (麦哲伦企鹅) get stranded along the coast of South America, but, ____206____ about 75% of those that get stuck are female. Now scientists say they have worked out what is behind the gender ____207____: the females migrate further north than males.
Magellanic penguins finish breeding in Patagonia in February, and, during the ____208____ winter months, head north, reaching as far as Brazil, in search of anchovies (风尾鱼). But every year thousands become stranded, with many ____209____ to safety on board military aircraft by human.
Writing in the journal Current Biology, researchers in Japan and Argentina report how they ____210____ tracking device to eight male and six female penguins in 2017 and tracked where the birds went after they left the breeding grounds of Cabo dos Bahfa in Argentina and began the migration north in April.
Previously it was unknown whether male and female’s took different paths or not. “Although some ____211____ are made, the exact reason for the ____212____ stranding has been unknown due to the lack of information on their behavior outside the breeding season.” said Takashi Yamamoto, a co-author of the report from the Institute of Statistical Mathematics in Japan.
The results from the study offer a clearer picture. ____213____ the authors note that only a small number of penguins were tracked, all the female’s generally traveled further north. The male, meanwhile, predominantly stuck to waters of the Argentinian coast. The study also found male ____214____ dived deeper than female’s: about 59 metres compared with about 35 metres.
The authors offer a number of reasons why males and females may head to different areas— including to avoid _____215_____ for food—and why they dive to different _____216_____ —the females’ smaller bodies may restrict the depths they can reach. They also suggest the different sexes may seek waters of different temperatures, with the _____217_____ females preferring warmer, shallower surroundings.
While researchers are still trying to understand why penguins end up stranded, Yamamoto and colleague’s suggest those that end up further north may have used more energy swimming or catching _____218_____ prey, leaving them exhausted. Climate change, pollution in the area or injury from fishing equipment could also play a role. Reports of standings have noted that many penguins are unwell or exhausted, with some even washing up dead.
“_____219_____, plastic remains have been reported in the stomach of beach-washed Magellanic penguins,” said Yamamoto, adding that a stewed sex ratio could potentially lead to a population decline.
While the findings may not help prevent strandings, Yamamoto said it could help with _____220_____ of the species. “If we do not consider any action, such as marine zoning, I expect that the number of stranding individuals will increase.”
206．A．desperately B．puzzlingly C．obviously D．undoubtedly
207．A．combination B．frustration C．conflict D．imbalance
208．A．following B．previous C．starting D．finished
209．A．dismissed B．withdrawn C．airlifted D．extended
210．A．attached B．equipped C．lifted D．injected
211．A．evaluations B．assumptions C．descriptions D．conclusions
212．A．deep-rooted B．ice-covered C．storm-stricken D．female-biased
213．A．Because B．While C．After D．When
214．A．legally B．physically C．typically D．simply
215．A．searching B．competing C．asking D．defending
216．A．widths B．levels C．depths D．rates
217．A．lighter B．heavier C．rougher D．smoother
218．A．fixed B．scared C．deposited D．scattered
219．A．After all B．In addition C．However D．For example
220．A．perseverance B．conversation C．conservation D．reservation

Schools are not just a microcosm (缩影) of society; they mediate it too. The best ____221____ to alleviate the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside—at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons. This is ambitious in any circumstances, and in a divided and unequal society the two ____222____ can clash outright (直接地).
Trips that many adults would consider the ____223____ of a lifetime—treks in Borneo, a sports tour to Barbados—appear to have become almost routine at some state schools. Parents are being asked for thousands of pounds. Though schools cannot ____224____ from these trips, the companies that arrange them do. ____225____ , pupils arrive at school hungry because their families can't afford breakfast. The Child Poverty Action Group says nine in every classroom of 30 fall below the poverty line. The discrepancy is startlingly apparent.  ____226____ a fundraising requirement for students does not help, as better-off children can tap up richer aunts and neighbors.
Probing the rock pools of a local beach or practicing French on a language exchange can fire children's passions, boost their skills and open their eyes to life's possibilities. The Sutton Trust, which focuses on improving social mobility, says educational outings help bright but ____227____ students to get better A-levels. In this globalized age, there is a good ____228____ for international travel, and some parents say they can manage the cost of a school trip abroad more easily than a family holiday. Even in the face of immense and mounting financial pressures, some schools have shown remarkable determination and ingenuity in ____229____ that all their pupils are able to take up opportunities that may be truly life-changing. They should be ____230____ . Methods such as whole-school fundraising, with the proceeds (收益) ____231____ , can help to extend opportunities and fuel community spirit.
But £3,000 trips cannot be ____232____ when the median income for families with children is just over £30,000. Such initiatives close doors for many pupils. The NASUWT teaching union has warned of parents pulling their children out of school because of expensive ____233____ trips; for other students, these trips confirm their intuition that the world has wonderful things to show—but not to people like them. Even parents who can see that a trip is little more than a party or celebration may well feel ____234____ that their child is left behind.
The Department for Education's guidance says schools can charge only for board and lodging if the trip is part of the syllabus, and that students receiving government aid are exempt from these costs. However, many schools seem to ignore the advice；and it does not cover the kind of glamorous, exotic trips, which are becoming increasingly ____235____ . Schools cannot be expected to bring together communities single-handed. But the least we should expect is that they do not foster divisions and exclude those who are already disadvantaged.
221．A．pretend B．forget C．seek D．fail
222．A．examples B．connections C．extremes D．ideals
223．A．encounter B．adventure C．invitation D．advantage
224．A．profit B．escape C．suffer D．choose
225．A．Furthermore B．Therefore C．Meanwhile D．Thus
226．A．Introducing B．Fulfilling C．Relaxing D．Rejecting
227．A．disabled B．disciplined C．distinguished D．disadvantaged
228．A．case B．prospect C．performance D．chance
229．A．claiming B．ensuring C．expecting D．foreseeing
230．A．scolded B．applauded C．inspected D．exposed
231．A．pooled B．invested C．sold D．spent
232．A．booked B．taken C．enjoyed D．justified
233．A．business B．field C．gift D．conch
234．A．gratitude B．satisfaction C．guilt D．relief
235．A．rare B．unique C．common D．special

Sadly, for too few schools make science attractive. Textbooks are as dull as dictionaries. As a result, too many children think that science is only for people as clever as Einstein.
But actually children start out as ____236____ scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there’s no ____237____ for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children’s ____238____ . Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven year olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, “Now that we’re finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about ____239____ ?”
After a long pause, a boy raised his hand. “Have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢) ____240____ ? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why? ” This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.
Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults ____241____ wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical, complete and creative answers.
Thirdly, watch your ____242____ . Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don’t ____243____ with “That’s right” or “Very good”. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior. But in talking about science, quick ____244____ can signal that discussion is over. _____245_____ , keep things going by saying “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions or ideas.
Never _____246_____ a child to “Think”. It doesn’t _____247_____ . Children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What’s more, this can turn a conversation into a _____248_____ . The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target for your disagreement.
Lastly, show; don’t tell. _____249_____ impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜), and they’ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. _____250_____ saying that water evaporates(蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.
236．A．clever B．natural C．professional D．determined
237．A．vision B．need C．desire D．excuse
238．A．curiosity B．fun C．experience D．success
239．A．creatures B．environment C．science D．textbooks
240．A．fight B．fly C．breed D．eat
241．A．typically B．hardly C．purposefully D．originally
242．A．behavior B．language C．tone D．signal
243．A．end up B．jump in C．start out D．go on
244．A．interaction B．decision C．reaction D．praise
245．A．Besides B．Therefore C．Instead D．However
246．A．push B．expect C．allow D．forbid
247．A．make sense B．take place C．make a difference D．work wonders
248．A．debate B．challenge C．performance D．headache
249．A．Accurate B．Objective C．Deep-rooted D．Rea-life
250．A．In spite of B．As a result of C．Instead of D．Apart from

Some children are natural-born bosses. They have a strong need to make ____251____ , manage their environment, and lead rather than ____252____ . Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, “operates under the theory of what’s mine is mine and what’s yours is mine,” says his mother. “The other day I bought two new Star Wars Lightsabers(光剑). Later, I saw Stephen with the two ____253____ ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones.”
“ ____254____ the extended family, and you’ll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every ____255____ . It’s an inheritable trait,” says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance ____256____ they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other.
Whether it’s inborn nature or developed ____257____ at work, too much control in the hands of the young isn’t ____258____ for children or the family. Fear is at the root of a lot of bossy behavior, says family psychologist John Taylor. Children, he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, “have secret feelings of weakness” and “a desire to feel safe.” It’s the parents’ role to provide that ____259____ .
When a “bossy child” doesn’t learn limits at home, he is to face lots of troubles _____260_____ the family. The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble _____261_____ teachers and coaches, for example, or trouble keeping friends. It can be pretty _____262_____ as the top dog if no one likes your bossy ways.
“I see more and more parents giving up their _____263_____ ,” says Barkley, who has studied bossy behavior for more than 30 years. “They bend too far because they don’t want to be as _____264_____ as their own parents were. But they also feel less _____265_____ about their parenting skills. Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious.
251．A．attempt B．chances C．decisions D．money
252．A．change. B．guide C．instruct D．follow
253．A．old B．used C．small D．new
254．A．Examine B．View C．Look D．Notice
255．A．aspect B．generation C．place D．level
256．A．while B．even C．though D．when
257．A．character B．method C．means D．hobby
258．A．happy B．healthy C．harmful D．useful
259．A．weakness B．secret C．protection D．pressure
260．A．outside B．from C．upon D．inside
261．A．helping B．obeying C．objecting D．finding
262．A．excellent B．confident C．lonely D．proud
263．A．study B．decision C．interest D．power
264．A．helpful B．strict C．polite D．changeable
265．A．eager B．proud C．helpless D．confident

Who hasn’t wanted to master not just two languages but 10? Take Giuseppe Mezzofanti, a 19th-century priest who was said to be ____266____ in as many 50 languages. Native speakers came from all over the world to test his abilities and many felt ____267____.
In Babel No More, Michael Erard investigates the legend of Mezzofanti and other linguistic ____268____, or “hyperpolyglots”. How do they do it? Do they possess peculiar capacities or skills?
Being a journey into the linguistic ____269____, terms must naturally be defined, and early on Erard asks what it means to really know a language. Claire Kramsch, a linguist at the University of California, Berkeley, tells him the question should not be “How many languages do you know?” but rather “In how many languages do you live?” Understanding the ____270____ cultural difference of a language requires extensive and ____271____ contact with its speakers, and for that reason Kramsch ____272____ that anyone could ever live in more than four or five languages.
____273____, but what about the less nuanced (微妙的) yet still astonishing feats of memory and calculation that people display when they ____274____ a new language, or eight? Erard points out that, for no good reason, this question has been ____275____ by science. After all, we study extraordinary ____276____ in mathematics and music; why not linguistic geniuses?
Erard ____277____ down Mezzofanti’s papers, speaks to many language experts and even learns that some bilingual people experience mental illness in one ____278____ but not another. Most interestingly, he surveys a group of modem linguistic geniuses. Memory, ____279____ and practice are all important, they say, but so is a practical strategy. Those who claimed to speak 11 languages did not much care about ____280____ like a native. Unlike Mezzofanti, their goal was not to astonish but to do something— see the world, read the local paper and not get lost.
266．A．capable B．fluent C．smooth D．flowing
267．A．confused B．astonished C．torn D．fascinating
268．A．experts B．adults C．scholars D．geniuses
269．A．unknown B．sort C．context D．unsaid
270．A．alien B．major C．subtle D．basic
271．A．expensive B．continuous C．exclusive D．inclusive
272．A．denies B．deals C．doubts D．debates
273．A．However B．Therefore C．Moreover D．Briefly
274．A．give up B．make up C．pick up D．set up
275．A．handled B．neglected C．rejected D．conducted
276．A．phenomena B．contributions C．limitations D．talents
277．A．puts B．takes C．tracks D．turns
278．A．language B．culture C．aspect D．country
279．A．assignment B．opportunity C．participation D．motivation
280．A．commenting B．expressing C．sounding D．delivering

Coffee is increasingly earning scientists’ approval. Studies continue to suggest that the beverage (饮料) may have some _____281_____ effects on health.
In the latest analysis, published in the BMJ, researchers scanned nearly 220 studies on coffee and found that_____282_____, coffee drinkers may enjoy more health benefits than people who don’t drink the brew.
Scientists learned that people who drank coffee were 17% less likely to die early during the study period from any_____283_____, 19% less likely to die of heart disease and 18% less likely to develop cancer, compared to people who did not drink coffee. Research group found that the strongest benefit _____284_____ among people who drank around three cups of coffee a day.
Other studies have tried to figure out which ingredients in coffee _____285_____ to its health benefits. Those might include its antioxidants (抗氧化剂), which can combat cancer, and anti-inflammatory (抗炎的) compounds, which can reduce the _____286_____ of chronic (慢性的) diseases such as heart conditions and even nerve disorders like Alzheimer’s, _____287_____ that of liver diseases.
_____288_____ research results support moderate coffee drinking as a relatively healthy habit, some experts say the findings don’t go far enough to _____289_____ the changes of their coffee-drinking habits in the hopes of improving their health. The study did not confirm, for example, that people who do not _____290_____ drink coffee should start adding a cup or two a day in order to lower health risk. The _____291_____ also do not support the idea that current coffee drinkers should drink even more coffee to enhance whatever benefits they might be receiving. Too much coffee, the survey suggested, starts to bend the benefit curve back down.
The only negative health effects the review found were _____292_____ women, who were at slightly higher risk of developing cracks in the bones if they drank more coffee. Pregnant women who drank more coffee _____293_____ have higher rates of miscarriage, more premature births and more babies born with low birthweight than women who drank less coffee, the study found.
The findings should be reassuring for coffee drinkers, as long as they drink_____294_____. Further studies will hopefully look deeper into the type and _____295_____ of coffee that brings the most health benefit.
281．A．definite B．creative C．ideal D．beneficial
282．A．average B．total C．overall D．besides
283．A．possibility B．cause C．reason D．potential
284．A．occurred B．operated C．counted D．awoke
285．A．adapt B．apply C．contribute D．donate
286．A．result B．risk C．remark D．resistance
287．A．without B．as well as C．apart at D．except for
288．A．While B．Since C．Despite D．When
289．A．prosper B．preserve C．promote D．protect
290．A．currently B．permanently C．accurately D．objectively
291．A．media B．instances C．systems D．data
292．A．with B．along C．among D．between
293．A．tended to B．pretended to C．regretted to D．intended to
294．A．for sure B．in moderation C．at all cost D．without hesitation
295．A．amount B．number C．quality D．deal

I’m an attorney (代理人), a children’s book author, an entrepreneur (企业家), and a regular volunteer at my church. Having moved to California from New York recently, I often wake up to thousands of ____296____ and emails. Like many of you, I’m a busy person and always on the go.
I started a storytelling ____297____ called the Auditory Museum. We believe in the power of shared experiences. As part of our mission, we are ____298____ to using personal stories as a means for social change. One day, I flew back to the east coast for a friend’s wedding. After it, I had a few hours to kill before my red-eye flight back home. Like any other entrepreneurs, I decided to sit in the hotel lobby at ____299____ with my laptop and get some work done.
While writing an email about the importance of storytelling, I was ____300____ by a gentleman who was curious as to what I was working on. ____301____ that I had lost my train of thought, I gave him a fake smile. ____302____ with my icy response to him the gentleman ____303____ next to me in the hotel lobby. “Why are you working now? What do you do? Where are you from? ”Now, at this point, the irony was not lost on me. I was so ____304____ my task that I had prioritized _______305_______ a non-pressing email over the opportunity to engage in conversation.
I closed my laptop and smiled. I told the gentleman about my job, my company, my passion for storytelling, and my _______306_______ to create social change through the sharing of personal experiences. He began to tell me his life story. One hour later, he thanked me for my time, wished me good luck and _______307_______.
That night I learned a very _______308_______ lesson. We live in a generation obsessed with self-improvement, self-help, self _______309_______ etc. I don’t think there is anything wrong with focusing on ourselves. In fact, it is arguably necessary for personal growth. However, we can often find the answer to life’s greatest problems outside of ourselves, in human _______310_______.
296．A．books B．planes C．texts D．computers
297．A．house B．event C．film D．company
298．A．applied B．admitted C．committed D．objected
299．A．day B．midnight C．morning D．afternoon
300．A．forgotten B．interrupted C．blocked D．surprised
301．A．Worried B．Excited C．Happy D．Annoyed
302．A．Unsatisfied B．Pleased C．Angry D．Careful
303．A．stood up B．sat down C．hung on D．leaned against
304．A．equipped with B．bored with C．occupied with D．familiar with
305．A．copying B．answering C．printing D．sending
306．A．process B．desire C．dislike D．journey
307．A．got off B．came back C．ran across D．walked away
308．A．expensive B．valuable C．long D．short
309．A．development B．control C．confidence D．awareness
310．A．dignity B．ability C．condition D．connection

Nguyen Ngoc Truong Son, a Vietnamese kid, would watch his parents play chess for hours on end. Before he was three years old, he asked them if he could join in. Expecting the pieces to end up on the floor, they let him play. Not for one minute had they imagined what would happen next. The boy not only set up the pieces correctly, but also began playing according to the rules. Within weeks he was ____311____ his parents. Within months he was playing in national games against ____312____ twice his age and twice his size. He became world under-10 champion in 2000 and was a grandmaster at 14.
For Nguyen Ngoc Truong Son’s parents, it was nothing short of a(n) ____313____. They were teachers who took home less than $100 a month combined. They had not trained their boy to be a chess prodigy (天才). ____314____, they hadn’t even taught him the rules of the game. For Nguyen, it just came naturally. No sooner had he started playing than he was able to ____315____ complex strategies.
How do child prodigies become what they are? The subject has been a constant source of mystery to both the public and scientists. These ____316____ children have been labeled as overly demanding, treated as money-making machines, and studied like lab rats. Rarely have they been understood.
Perhaps the key question is whether they are born or ____317____. Numerous studies have looked at inheritability of intelligence. Overall, they confirm that it can be ____318____through the generations of a family, but the studies do not confirm the link between intelligence and particular traits of prodigies. Prodigies are not smart in any general kind of way; they are able to master highly specific activities and skills. ‘I just see things on the board and know what to do.’ he said.
There is one thing that the experts are beginning to agree on, however: the importance of ____319____. Educator Wu Wutien says, ‘Prodigies are half born, half made.’ Only if they are in a(n) _____320_____ home environment will their natural talents develop. When parents have a house full of books and interesting objects, read to their child from an early age, or take them to museums and places of natural beauty, these all stimulate the child.
311．A．winning B．conquering C．failing D．beating
312．A．candidates B．opponents C．friends D．inspectors
313．A．lesson B．investment C．miracle D．prediction
314．A．In fact B．To sum up C．On average D．As a result
315．A．introduce B．adopt C．avoid D．adapt
316．A．troublesome B．mysterious C．well-known D．gifted
317．A．made B．based C．brought D．settled
318．A．taken over B．handed down C．put off D．turned out
319．A．upbringing B．wealth C．communication D．personality
320．A．actual B．secure C．stimulating D．restricted

People often say that “failure is the mother of success”. This cliché might have some truth to it but it ____321____ tells us how to actually turn a loss into a win, says Emmanuel Manalo, a professor of educational psychology at Kyoto University in Japan. As a result, he says, “We know we shouldn’t give up when we fail - but ____322____ we do.”
Manalo and Manu Kapur, a professor of learning sciences at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, put together a special issue of the journal Thinking Skills and Creativity last December on ____323____ failure. The issue’s 15 studies provide teachers and educational researchers with a guide for ____324____ success. One study reported, for example, that the sooner and more often students fail at a task such as building a robot, the sooner they can ____325____ and improve. Another confirmed that feedback on failures is most ____326____ when the giver comes across as caring, and the receiver is prepared to weather negative emotions.
Manalo and his co-authors also contributed their own study focused on overcoming one fundamental, everyday form of failure: not ____327____ a task. They asked 131 undergraduates to write an essay about their school experiences. Half of the students received ____328____for structuring their writing, and half were left to their own devices. All, however, were ____329____ before finishing. Afterward, the researchers found that those in the structured group were more motivated to complete their essays, compared with those who lacked guidance - even if the latter were ____330____ to being done. Knowing how to finish, ____331____, was more important than being close to finishing.
The researchers named this finding “the Hemingway effect” for the author’s self-reported ____332____ to stop writing only when he knew what would happen next in the story - so as to avoid writer’s block when he returned to the page. Manalo believes that leaning how to fail temporarily can help people avoid becoming ____333____ failures at many tasks, such as completing a dissertation, learning a language or inventing a new technology.
Demystifying failure and teaching students not to ____334____ it make goals more attainable, says Stephanie Couch, executive director of the Lemelson-MIT Program, a nonprofit organization dedicated to developing and supporting inventors. Couch, whose work was also featured in the special issue, ____335____ that we “should really be thinking of failure as part of a process of iterating toward success.”
321．A．hardly B．vividly C．undoubtedly D．intentionally
322．A．by contrast B．in reality C．with question D．after all
323．A．benefiting from B．accounting for C．contributing to D．running into
324．A．celebrating B．evaluating C．achieving D．predicting
325．A．dash backward B．stand by C．run away D．move forward
326．A．instant B．constructive C．informal D．sincere
327．A．completing B．reporting C．handling D．assigning
328．A．instructions B．approval C．grants D．training
329．A．stopped B．examined C．signaled D．guided
330．A．closer B．subject C．devoted D．crucial
331．A．nevertheless B．moreover C．in other words D．in particular
332．A．reluctance B．eagerness C．tendency D．ability
333．A．inevitable B．permanent C．worthwhile D．perceived
334．A．comprehend B．fear C．overcome D．pursue
335．A．doubts B．recalls C．adds D．challenges

Children are introduced to the arts in many different ways. Participation in the arts improves personal confidence, problem solving skills, and even memorization and social skills. As young brains develop, it is vital that the creative side of the brain receive equal attention to the ____336____ side of the brain to ensure maximum education. Unfortunately, there are those who believe creativity holds little or no value. However, they could never be farther from the ____337____.
According to a National Education Association research report, “Teenagers and young adults of low socioeconomic status (SES), who have a ____338____ of in-depth arts involvement, show better academic outcomes than low-SES youth with less arts involvement.” This research report shows that the arts strengthen the academic hemisphere of the brain. According to recent studies, as the brain focuses on math problems or reading, only certain areas of their brain are ____339____. However, when teenagers and young adults are listening to music, drawing a picture or engaging the mind ____340____, multiple areas of the brain are working at the same time. ____341____, more areas of the brain are strengthened, resulting in stronger overall brain activity.
With all the benefits of arts education, it is ____342____ that some educational boards still believe sufficient education can be reached without the benefits of the arts. In January 2017, the Utah State Board of Education ____343____ an official command that added two classes to the school curriculum, requiring all students between sixth and eighth grades to take those courses. This ____344____ limited the opportunity for the students to take elective arts courses. This command created an uproar among parents and teachers in Canyon School District and — thanks to protests — was not put into _____345_____.
Participation in the arts is one of the most precious gifts we can give our children. It brings them joy, creativity and helps them _____346_____ academically. Our education system is _____347_____the critical role the arts have in education. If we limit the arts within school systems, we take away our children’s chances of present and future _____348_____. We cannot do that. Our children need to have every opportunity to expand their minds through the _____349_____ of the arts. We must give our youth the opportunities and advantages to reach their highest goals and dreams if we are to _____350_____ a bright future for generations to come.
336．A．far B．logical C．right D．bright
337．A．criteria B．standard C．principle D．truth
338．A．story B．taste C．history D．vision
339．A．affected B．quickened C．taken D．activated
340．A．creatively B．fully C．partially D．actively
341．A．Above all B．What’s more C．On the contrary D．As a result
342．A．natural B．necessary C．inevitable D．shocking
343．A．released B．shouted C．obeyed D．barked
344．A．in conclusion B．in turn C．in reply D．in return
345．A．existence B．effect C．word D．use
346．A．mature B．focus C．communicate D．excel
347．A．strengthening B．playing C．weakening D．abandoning
348．A．encounters B．accomplishments C．delights D．employments
349．A．applications B．rewards C．means D．attractions
350．A．secure B．fetch C．predict D．face

Group-Centered Societies Have Just as Much Creativity
What does culture have to do with creativity? The answer could be “a lot”. For decades, psychologists trying to understand the roots of creative imaginations have looked at the ways in which two different types of cultures can come to have an effect over its artistic and ____351____ output. Individualistic cultures encourage people to be unique and to ____352____ their own interests even if doing so comes at a cost to the group overall. Collectivistic cultures are based on relationships and duties to other people. These types of cultures often ____353____ the individual’s wants for the needs of those who are close to them or for those in their community.
Individualism has long been thought to have a creative ____354____. Individualists ____355____ social convention, the logic goes, and that pushback supports innovation. For instance, around the world, individualistic cultures have more patents than collectivistic cultures do. ____356____, a new study suggests that these ideas about culture and creativity could be off base. People in collectivistic cultures actually do better with a particular type of creative thinking than those in individualistic cultures. And the findings overall reveal the shortcomings of thinking about innovation too ____357____.
The new work comes from comparing communities in different parts of China. Though it scores high, as a nation, on measures of cultural ____358____, China’s 1.4 billion people are more than just a single culture. People from areas north of the Yangtze River tend to be more ____359____, open to strangers and self-confident, whereas people along the river and farther south are often more inter-dependent, partial to friends over strangers and likely to try harder to _____360_____.
In the new creativity study, researchers investigated innovation with these two groups in mind. The team used a drawing test that had been created by psychologists. They gave kids a sheet of paper with just a few basic elements printed on it: some dots here, squiggles (弯曲的线条) there, and a rectangle that suggested a drawing frame. The children got 15 minutes to use the elements already on the page to draw whatever they wanted. They could get “adaptive creativity” points for doodling in ways that connected the squiggles and lines into an original and _____361_____ image. In addition, a judge checked whether the children chose to incorporate a small shape that could be found just outside the rectangular. This element was easy to _____362_____, so those who included this outside-the-box detail could get points for “boundary-breaking creativity.”
The researchers gave the test to 683 middle school students from north and south of the Yangtze River. When the scientists got the scores back, they discovered that there were no differences in the children’s overall creativity. When they broke down the results into components, they found that students from collectivistic regions scored _____363_____ in adaptive creativity while those from individualistic areas did better in boundary-breaking creativity.
The findings are also a warning against cultural chauvinism (极端民族主义). Western countries have tended to lead the way in innovation — at least as defined by the metrics (指标) we Westerners have created. Perhaps we have been _____364_____ China’s adaptive creativity. For example, while the country may not have invented the assembly line, it is largely thanks to the _____365_____ its people have made to this system that the country has such a thriving manufacturing sector today.
351．A．theoretical B．inventive C．productive D．regular
352．A．prioritize B．deprive C．tolerate D．abandon
353．A．satisfy B．stimulate C．cherish D．sacrifice
354．A．shelter B．edge C．border D．alternative
355．A．embrace B．propose C．resist D．create
356．A．However B．Therefore C．Meanwhile D．Moreover
357．A．broadly B．objectively C．seriously D．narrowly
358．A．individualism B．identity C．collectivism D．flexibility
359．A．selfish B．collective C．individualistic D．realistic
360．A．fall apart B．fit in C．give in D．show off
361．A．separate B．ugly C．unified D．tiny
362．A．catch B．miss C．target D．misuse
363．A．higher B．averagely C．lower D．vaguely
364．A．capturing B．approaching C．imitating D．overlooking
365．A．improvements B．drawbacks C．insights D．attempts

‘Small Data’ Are Also Crucial for Machine Learning
Many people relate “artificial intelligence” with “big data.” There’s a reason for that: some of the most prominent AI breakthroughs in the past decade have relied on enormous data sets. Image ____366____ made great progress in the 2010s thanks to the development of ImageNet, a data set containing millions of images hand sorted into thousands of categories. More recently, GPT-3, a language model, was trained on ____367____ online texts to produce humanlike text in Jan, 2021. So it is not surprising to see AI being tightly connected with “big data” in the ____368____ imagination. But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in “small data” approaches has grown extensively over the past decade. The so-called transfer learning serves as an especially ____369____ example.
Also known as “fine-tuning,” transfer learning is helpful in settings where you have ____370____ data on the task of interest but abundant data on a related problem. You need to first train a model using a big data set and then retrain slightly using a smaller one related to your ____371____ problem. A research team working on German-language speech recognition, ____372____, showed that they could improve their results by starting with an English-language speech model trained on a larger data set. Then, they used transfer learning to ____373____ that model for a smaller data set of German-language audio.
Small data approaches such as transfer learning are more ____374____ than more data-intensive methods. They can promote progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural hazards that occur relatively _____375_____. In this context, small data approaches will become increasingly important as more organizations look to diversify AI application areas and invest in previously _____376_____ fields.
Despite the progress in research, transfer learning has received relatively little _____377_____. While many machine learning experts are likely familiar with it at this point, the existence of techniques such as transfer learning does not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policymakers in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and _____378_____.
As long as the success of small data technique like transfer learning is _____379_____, resources can be allocated to support their widespread use. In that case, we can help correct the popular _____380_____ regarding the role of data in AI and foster innovation in new directions.
366．A．standard B．classification C．quality D．acquisition
367．A．written B．limited C．spoken D．abundant
368．A．moral B．visual C．literary D．popular
369．A．complicated B．interesting C．promising D．distinguished
370．A．extra B．different C．available D．few
371．A．personal B．specific C．technical D．potential
372．A．in addition B．or rather C．in particular D．for example
373．A．adjust B．invent C．follow D．check
374．A．definite B．advantageous C．complex D．precise
375．A．remotely B．severely C．ultimately D．rarely
376．A．underexplored B．underestimated C．underpopulated D．underqualified
377．A．guidance B．respect C．supervision D．visibility
378．A．publication B．adoption C．tracking D．polishing
379．A．celebrated B．evaluated C．recognized D．diversified
380．A．challenge B．concern C．fear D．misunderstanding

As anyone who has tried to lose weight knows, realistic goal-setting generally produces the best results. That is partially ____381____ it seems that people who have realistic goals actually work more efficiently, and make more effort, to achieve those goals.
What is far less understood by scientists, ____382____, are the potentially harmful effects of goal-setting.
Newspapers relay (转发) accounts of goal-setting in industries and businesses up and down both Wall Street and Main Street, yet there has been ____383____ little research on how setting goals may have lead to the current economic crisis, and unethical (不道德) behavior in general.
“Goals are widely used because they really have beneficial effects. And yet, the same ____384____ that can push people to make more effort in a better way could also motivate people to be more likely to have unethical (不道德) behaviors,” says Maurice Schweitzer, an associate professor at Penn’s Wharton School.
“It turns out there’s no economic benefit to just having a goal — you just get a psychological benefit.” Schweitzer says. “But in many cases, goals have economic ____385____ that make them more powerful.”  
A good example Schweitzer and his colleagues mention is the 2004 collapse (崩塌) of energy-trading company called Enron, where managers used financial (财经) encouragements to encourage salesmen to ____386____ specific profit goals.
Other studies have shown that giving employees unrealistic goals can force them to lie, cheat or steal. Such was the case in the early 1990s when the company called Sears ____387____ a sales quota (配额) on its auto repair staff (汽车修理工). It forced employees to do much more work and to ____388____ unnecessary repairs . As a result, the company failed to motivate its workers to work harder.
Schweitzer says that his research is different from other researches which ____389____ the benefits of goal-setting. Some researchers are against him, because they think his team doesn’t have enough ____390____ to support his conclusion.
381．A．though B．unless C．when D．because
382．A．moreover B．furthermore C．however D．otherwise
383．A．surprisingly B．generally C．particularly D．potentially
384．A．definition B．appreciation C．motivation D．expression
385．A．risks B．problems C．expenses D．rewards
386．A．need B．meet C．kneel D．feel
387．A．overtake B．overlook C．overcharge D．overflow
388．A．blame B．discover C．finish D．direct
389．A．praises B．denies C．ignores D．attacks
390．A．problem B．factor C．purpose D．evidence

NANNING - Every Monday morning in Mentun village, locals gather in their rural library to share books and they are often ___391___ by book lovers from nearby villages. The tennis court-sized library is now the place many locals ___392___ in the village.
The village's library was previously a small office, where about 3,000 books were ___393___, according to village official Tao Hanshan.
"There wasn't enough room in the library for visitors to read or ___394___ books, and villagers didn't want to come," says Tao.
The village was once stuck in ___395___, and most villagers were trying to make a living back then. They ___396___ had any interest in reading, according to Tao.
"The village had no extra ___397___ for the library project," he recalls, adding that, at the time, some of the library's books were also outdated.
As Chinese authorities urged efforts to provide better services and facilities in ___398___ libraries, these improved libraries have seen ___399___ numbers of visitors in recent years.
In April last year, a local bookstore donated 30,000 new books and supporting facilities to the library in Mentun village, which allowed the library to be significantly ___400___.
Ruan Wencheng, a villager in his 50s, has since become a regular library visitor.
"Last year, my family tried to raise silkworms, but we ___401___ due to a lack of silkworm knowledge," says Ruan. "Experts are not always in the village, so I now often come to the library to read and borrow books related to silkworm ___402___. I have learned a lot."
Tao says that the library now continuously adjusts its books according to the needs of villagers, and it is gaining ___403___. More and more people are coming.
To make libraries in the countryside more attractive, authorities have taken various measures in villages across the country. Take the library of the Nanzhan residential community in the Sanjiang Dong autonomous county of Guangxi as ___404___. All residents were relocated from poor and remote areas of the county, so more books for younger readers have been included in the library's collection.
The past few years have also witnessed the ___405___ of digitized rural libraries. Provincial and regional authorities across the country have been promoting digital reading in rural areas, using TV sets, mobile applications and online libraries.
"Many books are now available in digital libraries and I can read them on my TV," says Ruan. "My life has been enriched."
391．A．joined B．interviewed C．bothered D．criticised
392．A．donate B．repair C．frequent D．follow
393．A．used B．available C．borrowed D．deserted
394．A．share B．produce C．remove D．purchase
395．A．poverty B．construction C．travel D．quarrel
396．A．carefully B．freely C．barely D．thoughtfully
397．A．freedom B．money C．peace D．protection
398．A．rural B．private C．metropolitan D．primary
399．A．unknown B．increasing C．possible D．imaginary
400．A．upgraded B．overloaded C．absorbed D．transferred
401．A．fought B．fled C．failed D．emptied
402．A．breeding B．cycle C．secrets D．exchange
403．A．popularity B．profit C．balance D．choices
404．A．the model B．the evolution C．before D．an example
405．A．break B．ban C．symbol D．boom

Over the past decade, the number of American children and teenagers admitted to children’s hospitals for depression has more than doubled. There may be plenty of reasons for it. “A number of things are pretty____406____to young people today. They were born around when the Columbine shooting happened,   they were kids for 9/11, they were kids during one of the worst financial crises in modern history,” says Nicole Green, the executive director of Counselling and Psychological Services at the University of California.
A big new study suggests a different ____407____ for teenage depression — the many hours young people spend staring at their phone screens. That might be having serious____408____, according to the study’s author, Jean Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University and author of “iGen: Why Today’s Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy”.
By researching national surveys, with data collected from over 500,000 American teenagers, Ms Twenge found that adolescents who spent more time on new media were more likely to ____409____ remarks such as: “The future often seems____410____,” or “I feel that I can’t do anything right.” Those who used  screens less, spending time playing sport, doing homework, or socializing with friends____411____, were less likely to report mental troubles.
As Ms Twenge herself admits, the study does not prove____412____. It is possible that another force is behind the increased diagnosis of depression among adolescents, and that sad teenagers are more likely than their happy peers to seek refuge in their ____413____. But a growing body of scientific evidence supports the idea that social media can lead to problems. One study published in 2016 asked a randomly selected group of adults to ____414____ social media websites for a week; a control group continued browsing the sites as usual. The former reported feeling less _____415_____ at the end of the week than the latter. Another experiment   published in 2013 found that the more participants used social media websites, the more saddened they felt about their lives. However, it showed that feeling blue did not lead people to _____416_____ their social media use.
Not all studies are so worrying. Past research suggests that social-networking sites can promote _____417_____if used to engage directly with other users, rather than just to browse photos of someone else’s holiday or wedding. This distinction is a reminder that social media is what users bring to it — their_____418_____ shape their experiences, both on and offline. “I try to remind myself that people only post what they_____419_____  you to see, so it can seem like their life is better than yours,” reflects Sarah, a junior at high school in Los Angeles. Nicole, another junior, agrees. But when asked if she has ever considered_____420_____ her social   media accounts, she looks confused. “No. I would feel lost.”
406．A．helpful B．unique C．related D．convenient
407．A．scheme B．treatment C．explanation D．structure
408．A．difficulties B．considerations C．effects D．symptoms
409．A．depend on B．agree with C．complain about D．rule out
410．A．hopeless B．promising C．important D．uncertain
411．A．without delay B．by chance C．on end D．in person
412．A．reasonable B．feasible C．productive D．effective
413．A．peers B．phones C．families D．games
414．A．quit B．surf C．monitor D．test
415．A．ignored B．depressed C．confused D．annoyed
416．A．support B．restrict C．reveal D．increase
417．A．happiness B．efficiency C．awareness D．cooperation
418．A．responses B．resolutions C．attitudes D．adjustments
419．A．promise B．order C．want D．forbid
420．A．sharing B．opening C．checking D．deleting

Walking while texting could lead to fines of up to $50 or 15 days ’ imprisonment as state lawmaker warns of the dangers of “distracted walking” . Jared Schumacher is one of hundreds of thousands of New Jerseyans who ____421____ use electronic devices to text, listen to music or do other tasks as they walk outdoors.
If a “distracted walking” measure recently proposed by a state assemblywoman becomes law, the Trenton man and others like him could face ____422____ or even jail time.
“I admit that I’m usually listening to music, talking on my phone or texting while I’m walking around, ” Schumacher, 20, said while ____423____ to a text as he walked along a street in the state capital last weekend.
Clear evidence shows people of all ages become more ____424____ electronic devices for personal and professional matters. Accordingly, experts say distracted walking is now a growing ____425____. They also note pedestrian deaths have been ____426____ in recent years, with the percentage of all US fatalities (命运) involving pedestrians going up year by year.
The rise in deaths coincides (与...同时发生) with states intending to ____427____ bills that target pedestrians and/or bicyclists. For instance, a bill in Hawaii would fine someone $250 if he or she were to cross the street while ____428____ an electronic devices. Similar bills have failed in states including Arkansas, Illinois, Nevada and New York.
“Thus far, no states have put into effect a law ____429____ targeting distracted bicyclists or pedestrians,” said Douglas Shinkle, transportation program director for the National Conference of State Legislatures. But he added that “a few states ____430____ to introduce legislation every year” .
The measure recently introduced by New Jersey assemblywoman Pamela Lampitt would ____431____ walking while texting and bar pedestrians on public roads from using electronic communication devices unless they are hands-____432____.
Lawbreakers would face fines of up to $50, 15 days imprisonment or both, which is the same punishment as jaywalking. Half of the fine would be distributed to safety education about the ____433____ of walking and texting, said Lampitt, a Democrat.
Some see the proposal as a(n) ____434____ government overreach, while others say they understand Lampitt’s reasoning. But most agree that people need to be made ____435____ of the issue.
421．A．naughtily B．fashionably C．routinely D．rarely
422．A．protests B．challenges C．fines D．conflicts
423．A．turning B．relating C．shifting D．responding
424．A．skillful with B．dependent on C．particular about D．curious about
425．A．concern B．tragedy C．pattern D．factor
426．A．shameful B．inevitable C．rising D．declining
427．A．pay B．preserve C．reject D．introduce
428．A．operating B．texting C．adopting D．installing
429．A．understandably B．specifically C．convincingly D．unavoidably
430．A．continue B．threaten C．refuse D．hesitate
431．A．promote B．ban C．dismiss D．embrace
432．A．full B．flexible C．available D．free
433．A．codes B．causes C．dangers D．habits
434．A．unnecessary B．proper C．advanced D．exploitative
435．A．aware B．guilty C．assured D．frightened

Japan is a paradise for food lovers. It has been famous for a _____436_____ food culture. The climate there is good for farming, with rice being the chief _____437_____. About half of Japan’s arable land (land able to be farmed) is _____438_____to growing rice. In addition, it accounts for about 8 percent of all the fish caught in the world, which _____439_____ Japanese people’s consuming large amounts of fish. According to the statistics, each person in Japan eats more than 150 pounds of fish per _____440_____, or around three pounds of fish per week.
Japanese cuisine (菜肴) has been influenced by the food customs of other nations in the long history, but has adopted and _____441_____ them to create its own unique cooking style and eating habits. The first foreign influence on Japan was China around 300B．C．, when the Japanese learned to cultivate rice. Similarly the _____442_____ of chopsticks and the _____443_____ of soy sauce and soybean curd (tofu) also came from China.
_____444_____ you can find a perfect combination of the local food in this island nation and food originating in other countries, you can also find some food that is only to be seen in Japan. Okosama Lunch is one _____445_____ example. _____446_____ of fried shrimps, hamburger steak, pudding and a small portion of rice, this special menu for kids has gained nationwide popularity. It is said that Okosama Lunch was _____447_____ in 1930 by Taro Ando, a chief manager of Mitsukoshi Department Store, who made _____448_____ achievements in Japanese cuisine. He was first inspired by the idea that with all the cute decoration it would probably appear more appetizing and thus more _____449_____ to kids. And now Okosama Lunch is available in most Japanese restaurants, though the detail of the special menu _____450_____ from place to place.
436．A．time-honored B．well-known C．first-class D．far-reaching
437．A．product B．crop C．agriculture D．staple
438．A．allowed B．devoted C．adapted D．admitted
439．A．results from B．applies to C．contributes to D．communicates to
440．A．week B．month C．year D．decade
441．A．improved B．learned C．copied D．memorized
442．A．use B．effect C．way D．method
443．A．association B．diversity C．consumption D．ambition
444．A．Because B．While C．Despite D．Unless
445．A．appropriate B．fit C．classic D．typical
446．A．Making B．Consisting C．Containing D．Composing
447．A．ensured B．occurred C．invented D．appeared
448．A．mysterious B．remarkable C．religious D．serious
449．A．appealing B．annoying C．discouraging D．approaching
450．A．alters B．depends C．relies D．varies

Is growth good for biodiversity? To answer the question, it is ____451____ to define what we mean by growth. Is growth gross domestic product (GDP), the “monetary value of all the finished goods within a country’s borders?” Or does it mean improving the human ____452____ of living? Today, when people say growth, they mean GDP, a measure that is over 70 years old. Actually GDP demonstrates negative ____453____ for biodiversity, as this “growth” measures only money inflows while far more important is the balance sheet, which shows ____454____ and debts. As biodiversity delivers no cash, it has no place in GDP system, but biodiversity provides the asset side of the balance sheet, such as forests, rivers, wetlands and animals — the ____455____ goes on.
It is argued that growth is good for biodiversity in the long run as there is an environmental Kuznets curve where ____456____ conditions get worse in the early stages of modern economic growth, but improve once a growth level has been reached. According to some people, once GDP has been high, more resources are to ____457____ in conservation, and new technologies are used to protect nature. They said people would have more interest in protecting the environment, and some of the forests started to return and many ____458____ were almost eliminated. Standing in America today it might appear that the environmental Kuznets curve works.
At first sight there appears to be a ____459____. Today the US GDP is increasing while many precious species populations are also recovering. Such conditions, according to some people, can be explained by greater efficiency in cars or more efficient agricultural production. But _____460_____, the majority of the negative impacts have simply been exported. The high-polluting industries have been outsourced to developing nations. _____461_____, the bitterest punishments are largely felt beyond the borders while we Americans are enjoying high GDP and selfish biodiversity at the same time. This can be seen in the WWF annual Report, where species population _____462_____ are increasing by 7% in high-income countries and declining in middle- and low-income countries by 31% and 60% _____463_____.
It is self-evident that growth, as currently _____464_____, has a major negative impact upon biodiversity. What needs to change is the definition of growth from a GDP-essential concept to a balance-sheet _____465_____. Organizations and world community should work on creating new vision or reform that will help ensure a real balance between an improving standard of human life and a thriving biodiverse landscape.
451．A．critical B．natural C．challenging D．neutral
452．A．flexibility B．expansion C．standard D．philosophy
453．A．scores B．emotions C．aspects D．implications
454．A．competitions B．properties C．responsibilities D．deficits
455．A．tendency B．practice C．list D．mindset
456．A．commercial B．geographical C．environmental D．culinary
457．A．invest B．seek C．release D．redirect
458．A．suspects B．pollutants C．opponents D．dominants
459．A．chain B．logic C．penalty D．strategy
460．A．as a result B．above all C．in fact D．to our relief
461．A．Fundamentally B．Moreover C．Whatever D．Therefore
462．A．studies B．phases C．scales D．trends
463．A．respectively B．properly C．gradually D．fortunately
464．A．evaluated B．defined C．proved D．corrected
465．A．agreement B．contract C．approach D．package

Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a loud “yes!” ___466___ helping you feel close and ___467___ to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring lots of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm hug might even help you ___468___ getting sick this winter.
In a recent study involving over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs ___469___ the participants’ developing the common cold after being ___470___ to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come ___471___ with a cold, and the researchers ___472___ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging ___473___ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ___474___ among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more hugs had less severe symptoms.
“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the ___475___ risk for colds that’s usually ___476___ with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of a very close relationship and helps ___477___ the feeling that others are there to help ___478___ difficulties.”
Some experts attribute the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin（催产素）, often called “the bonding hormone” ___479___ it promotes attachment（依恋）in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made mainly in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it ___480___ in the brain, where it influences mood, behavior and physiology.
466．A．Besides B．Unlike C．As D．Despite
467．A．equal B．contributed C．connected D．due
468．A．avoid B．allow C．aid D．keep
469．A．on B．in C．at D．of
470．A．devoted B．attracted C．lost D．exposed
471．A．back B．in C．down D．out
472．A．imagined B．arranged C．doubted D．calculated
473．A．appealed B．lacked C．explained D．limited
474．A．Therefore B．Then C．So D．Even
475．A．requested B．increased C．controlled D．reduced
476．A．changed B．equipped C．associated D．compared
477．A．matter B．cause C．improve D．record
478．A．in the name of B．in the form of C．in the face of D．in the way of
479．A．unless B．because C．though D．until
480．A．remains B．spots C．disappears D．benefits

It’s hardly surprising that weather is a favorite topic for so many people around the world. It____481____ where we choose to live, what we wear, our moods, and perhaps even our national features. A sunny day can lessen the deepest ____482____, while very bad weather can destroy homes and threaten lives.
The human race has always tried to ____483____ the weather, especially in areas of the world where there are many changes. Two popular traditional ways of predicting weather use pine cones(松果) and seaweed(海草). When the air has a high level of humidity(湿度), there is a higher chance of rain. When the humidity is low, there is more chance of ____484____ weather. Pine cones and seaweed feels dry when the humidity is low, while high humidity has the ____485____ effect.
Today’s methods of prediction increasingly depend on ____486____. Satellites, balloons, ships, aircraft and weather centers with ____487____ equipment send data to computers. The data is then  ____488____, and the weather is predicted. However, ____489____ this system can not predict weather for longer than about a week.
A recent study by an Australian scientist suggests that certain people may have a special  ____490____ for predicting weather. However, it is possible that these people could use their talent in another way, since the same group had a lot of ____491____ in predicting changes in another system—the stock market.
It ____492____ that a study of weather may also enable scientists to predict the sudden ____493____ of a disease. An Ebola epidemic (a kind of disease) in Uganda in the year 2000 came after the same rare ____494____ conditions that had been present before a sudden spread of the disease 6 years earlier.____495____, efforts to limit the spread of air-borne diseases such as foot and mouth are also strongly dependent on favorable wind conditions.
481．A．shows B．affects C．predicts D．introduces
482．A．enjoyment B．sadness C．excitement D．laziness
483．A．guess B．use C．change D．improve
484．A．windy B．bad C．fine D．cold
485．A．direct B．opposite C．immediate D．damaging
486．A．industry B．intelligence C．technology D．people
487．A．monitoring B．predicting C．shaping D．moving
488．A．used B．handled C．shared D．stored
489．A．also B．still C．only D．even
490．A．gift B．reputation C．application D．liking
491．A．differences B．interest C．difficulty D．success
492．A．happens B．occurs to me C．appears D．turns out
493．A．start B．control C．cure D．cause
494．A．living B．working C．health D．weather
495．A．On the other hand B．For example C．In addition D．As a result

My past students are starting to organize a scientific conference for my 60th birthday to be held about a year from now. Their gesture reminded me of Rabbi Hanina’s words: “I have learned much from my teachers, more from my colleagues and the most from my students.”
We all started as students. Just as kids bump into things as they’re learning to ____496____ the world, many of us have scars from early encounters with our mentors.____497____ arise when those mentors attempt to establish their authority by trying to make us respect traditional thinking. Memories of these events should encourage us to do better as we____498____ roles and mentor others later in life.
For example, the first advice I received from my postdoctoral mentor was to develop specialized skills and focus them on a ____499____ field, where I would establish myself as the world expert.____500____ , I decided not to follow this advice as soon as I recognized by drilling down narrowly, one often fails to make further progress. In these situations, the potential for a ____501____improves with a broader and more flexible perspective, which enables “out of the box” opportunities for drilling deeper around it.
Keeping this in mind, I encourage my students to think broadly and ____502____ about the most exciting problems in astronomy, such as: “What happened before the big bang?”; “What will happen in our distant cosmic future?”; “What is the nature of dark matter?”; or “When did life start in the universe?”
It is customary to consider a student’s raw potential as a stand-alone commodity whose value can be____503____ through examinations. But my experience taught me that young scientists do not blossom into exceptional researchers ____504____ they are supported by encouraging words and inspiration; these ingredients are as _____505_____ as nutrition and water are for seeds of flowers._____506_____ the initial belief in the potential of a student to become a successful scientist, this outcome may not come true.
As chair of the Harvard astronomy department for almost a decade, I witnessed many examples of students who were initially very slow to make progress but blossomed academically as soon as they selected a different advisor and a new topic for their Ph. D．A good mentor_____507_____ the strengths of the mentee. As a result, a successful mentoring experience often reflects a good _____508_____ between a fledgling(新手的) scientist and an advisor. They should both be congratulated for their shared academic DNA．
On the one hand, mentors get a kick from Oscar Wilde’s insight: “Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery...” But on the other hand, they should allow students to break free from the _____509_____ path with creativity. The rule of thumb is to give young scholars just enough space to explore freely and learn from their _____510_____ without damaging the direction of their future careers. The learning curves could be steep; some of my 50 students over the past few decades started slow but eventually rose to the greatest heights. Patience is key.
496．A．process B．explore C．reform D．include
497．A．Conflicts B．Negotiations C．Approvals D．Mysteries
498．A．play B．deny C．access D．change
499．A．commercial B．strange C．narrow D．broad
500．A．Therefore B．Additionally C．However D．Consequently
501．A．failure B．obligation C．ignorance D．breakthrough
502．A．independently B．mutually C．temporarily D．undoubtedly
503．A．embraced B．evaluated C．contained D．imposed
504．A．if B．lest C．while D．unless
505．A．crucial B．elaborate C．unpredictable D．inaccessible
506．A．Within B．Given C．Without D．Due to
507．A．spots B．hides C．applies D．recalls
508．A．argument B．interaction C．criticism D．interview
509．A．beaten B．broken C．chaotic D．fresh
510．A．mentors B．imitations C．fortune D．mistakes

At some point in our lives, the chances are that you and I will feel lonely. It’s an important topic and one that causes a lot of misery, but there are plenty of ____511____ surrounding it. Here are three of the biggest.
Is loneliness all about isolation?
Feeling lonely is not the same as being alone. Loneliness is a feeling of ____512____. It’s the sense that no one around you really understands you and that you don’t have the kind of meaningful connections you would like. Being ____513____ can be a factor, but it’s not the only one. You can feel lonely in a crowd, just as you can seek ____514____ in spending some time alone. Sometimes we want to be alone. But if we don’t have the option to spend time with people who understand us, that’s when loneliness ____515____.
Does loneliness disproportionately affect old people?
Loneliness is undoubtedly getting a higher profile, but that ____516____ means a higher percentage of old people feel lonely now compared to a few years ago. ____517____, the study from Christina Victor from Brunel University has shown that the proportion of old people experiencing chronic loneliness has remained steady for 70 years, with 6 to 13 percent saying they feel lonely all or most of the time. But it is true that the actual numbers of lonely old people are ____518____ simply because there are more old people in the world. Loneliness is more ____519____ in old age than in other adults, but in her review a peak is also found in adolescence. _____520_____, studies show that 50 to 60 percent of old people are not often lonely.
Is loneliness always bad?
This one is a bit more _____521_____. You often see statistics quoted on the effect that loneliness can have on our health. Reviews of the research have found that it could increase the risk of heart disease by almost a third and that _____522_____ people have higher blood pressure and a lower life expectancy. It is possible that unhappily isolated people are more likely to become _____523_____. But it could also happen the other way around. People could become isolated and lonely because they already have poor health, which stops them from _____524_____. Or lonely people may show up in the statistics as less healthy because their loneliness has _____525_____ them of the motivation to look after their health. It could work both ways.
511．A．discoveries B．assumptions C．myths D．reasons
512．A．dissatisfaction B．disobedience C．disconnection D．distrust
513．A．isolated B．confused C．distracted D．scolded
514．A．revenge B．ambition C．guidance D．relief
515．A．cracks B．strikes C．brakes D．disappears
516．A．equally B．mainly C．rarely D．definitely
517．A．By contrast B．In fact C．As a result D．All in all
518．A．rising B．declining C．fluctuating D．reviving
519．A．painful B．unexpected C．preventable D．common
520．A．However B．Likewise C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
521．A．complex B．apparent C．relevant D．innovative
522．A．old B．optimistic C．lonely D．urban
523．A．fit B．timid C．angry D．ill
524．A．exercising B．socializing C．adventuring D．evaluating
525．A．assured B．robbed C．informed D．accuse

University students have wasted nearly £1bn on empty rooms in flat shares and halls of residence that they have been unable to use because of coronavirus restrictions this ___526___year, according to a new estimate.
The average student has so far paid £1, 621 in rent for empty rooms for which they have not received a ___527___, according to an annual survey of 1, 300 university students by money advice website Save the Student.
Two in five (43%) respondents said they had spent under three months on campus, while nearly half (46%) would have made ___528___decisions about where to live had they understood the likely impact of the pandemic on their education. One in three plan to ask their landlords for a break clause next year to give them more ___529___.
Hillary Gyebi-Ababio, the National Union of Students’ vice-president for higher education, said: “Students have been consistently ___530___during this pandemic. We are seen as cash cows, with many ___531___paying extortionate rents for properties they either cannot use or cannot afford.”
Students’ anger with high rents, which Save the Student estimates take up three-quarters of their maintenance loans at an average of £146 per week, ___532___on UK campuses this term as students launched the largest rent strike in 40 years.
There has been a patchy response from universities, private halls of residence and landlords, with some ___533___discounts while others have offered full rebates. The survey suggests a third of students have been offered a discount, which averages at £75, though this has been ___534___to just 6% of students in private rentals. Half of those surveyed were unhappy with their accommodation provider’s response.
On 14 February, 92 students at the School of Oriental and African Studies became the first to ____535____the outstanding 50% instalment of their tuition fee payments in protest at their university’s coronavirus response. They were ____536____by 1, 000 students-a fifth of the student body-who signed a petition asking for fee reductions.
The government has so far responded to students’ financial concerns with £70m in additional hardship funding, a figure that falls short of more ____537____packages in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
Most students have been asked to remain at the address where they spent Christmas-in many cases their family homes-during lockdown. Plans for their ____538____are expected to be announced next week, ____539____university leaders are preparing for the possibility that many students will not be allowed on campus until 17 May, shortly before the end of the teaching year. St Andrews University and the London School of Economics have already told students that most will study online for the ____540____of the year.
526．A．unpredictable B．educational C．academic D．sentimental
527．A．refund B．deposit C．pension D．commission
528．A．cautious B．inexpensive C．mindful D．different
529．A．accountability B．flexibility C．stability D．availability
530．A．exploited B．dismissed C．mistreated D．unfavoured
531．A．sufferers B．stuck C．potentials D．engaged
532．A．held up B．boiled over C．consumed up D．crossed over
533．A．legitimizing B．skinning C．proposing D．refusing
534．A．accumulated B．relevant C．incomparable D．extended
535．A．trick B．incline C．withhold D．proclaim
536．A．joined B．established C．cornered D．characterized
537．A．humane B．authoritative C．generous D．distinctive
538．A．return B．accommodation C．revision D．curriculum
539．A．considering B．given C．though D．supposing
540．A．sake B．settlement C．approaching D．remainder

There's been a lot written about color psychology but what we do know is that color can greatly affect human emotion and behavior. A lot of us already know that colors can suggest a mood or attitude, but do you know that color is a ____541____ that can persuade us to buy things? According to some research, color can be up to 85 percent of the reason why we ____542____ to purchase something. Smart marketers know: Color ____543____!
Yes you know, right colors make products better. Colors ____544____ how we feel about the food we eat. ____545____, orange juice with enhanced orange color was preferred over naturally colored orange juice and was thought to be sweeter.
In the case of ____546____, color also plays a role. Have you ever noticed that pink is often used as the color of ____547____? That's for a good reason. In a research study, some women were given pink and white face creams, which were ____548____ except for their color. One hundred percent of the women said that the pink face creams were more effective and more gentle on sensitive skin.
____549____, “more colorful, more personalized” is also accepted by most producers. It's true that we need not only good quality products, but ____550____ ones. This urges manufacturers to make their products more and more “colorful”.
Take M&M's Milk Chocolate Candies for example. Having a packet of M&M's candies in ____551____, choosing which one to eat first ____552____ the colors-many of us probably have had such experience. A variety of colors is the ____553____ of the classic candies. Now they have come with even more custom colors that will be sure to “____554____in your mouth, not in your hand!” Gold, silver, pink and many other colors are available to choose from. Eating such candies must be ____555____ “sweet” experience.
Another successful color marketing example is Apple's iPhone. Does Apple have ____556____ communication technology? Maybe, but that's not the point, marketing experts say. What makes the iPhone so ____557____ is “the system that makes it easy for people to express themselves through color choices.” The newest model of iPhone ____558____ several colors-pink, red, blue, green, and so on. Color, as a ____559____ statement, adds a touch of ____560____ to the smartphone.
541．A．choice B．therapy C．tool D．secret
542．A．decide B．struggle C．refuse D．seek
543．A．speaks B．sells C．claims D．screams
544．A．reflect B．recall C．influence D．know
545．A．For example B．By contrast C．In the meantime D．What's more
546．A．fashion B．cosmetics C．skin D．psychology
547．A．face creams B．lipsticks C．hair dyes D．nails
548．A．ideal B．smooth C．identical D．practical
549．A．Additionally B．However C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
550．A．interesting B．popular C．personalized D．beautiful
551．A．mind B．mouth C．hand D．pocket
552．A．according to B．regardless of C．in spite of D．contrary to
553．A．signature B．taste C．code D．signal
554．A．swallow B．digest C．chew D．melt
555．A．commonly B．particularly C．normally D．regularly
556．A．limited B．superior C．positive D．supportive
557．A．diverse B．entertaining C．precious D．appealing
558．A．invents B．releases C．produces D．features
559．A．different B．rare C．personal D．colorful
560．A．humanity B．popularity C．individuality D．activity

How Exercise may tame our anxiety
To better cope with all the dispiriting news this winter about rising Covid-19 ____561____, you might want to get out and play in the snow, according to a new report. The large-scale study of almost 200,000 cross-country skiers found that being physically active ____562____ the risk of developing anxiety over time.
Science already offers plenty of encouraging evidence that exercise can lift our ____563____. Experiments show that when people (and lab animals) start ____564____ they typically grow calmer, happier and less apt to feel sad, nervous or angry than before. Studies that focus on the links between one type of activity or behavior and various aspects of health or longevity, likewise find that more exercise is linked with substantially lower chances of developing severe depression; conversely, being ____565____ increases the risk for depression. A remarkable neurological study from 2013 even found that exercise ____566____ reductions in rodent anxiety, by prompting an increase in the production of specialized neurons that release a chemical that soothes over-activity in other parts of the brain.
____567____, most of these studies were small, short term or mainly relevant to mice, leaving ____568____ many questions about what kinds of exercise might help our mental health, how long mood enhancements might potentially last, whether men and women ____569____ equally and whether it is possible to work out too much and perhaps increase your likelihood of feeling emotionally worse off.
So, for the new study, which was published in Frontiers in Psychiatry, exercise scientists at Lund University in Sweden and other _____570_____ decided it would be worthwhile to _____571_____ the long-term mental health of the thousands upon thousands of men and women who have raced Sweden’s famous Vasaloppet cross-country skiing event over the years.
The Vasaloppet, which celebrates its 100th anniversary this winter, is the largest series of cross-country ski _____572_____ in the world, with crowds of racers annually lining up in the woods of central Sweden to fastly move and glide through races _____573_____ in length from 30 kilometers, or almost 19 miles, to 90K, about 56 miles. Because this kind of endurance event requires abundant health, stamina and training, researchers previously have used data about Vasaloppet racers to study how exercise influences cancer risks, heart _____574_____, and longevity.
The skiers, the researchers found, proved to be _____575_____ calmer over the decades after their race than the other Swedes, with more than 50 percent less risk of developing clinical anxiety. Their results indicate the link between exercise and reduced anxiety is strong.
561．A．diseases B．patients C．cases D．numbers
562．A．halves B．divides C．takes D．increases
563．A．abilities B．moods C．feelings D．attitudes
564．A．working out B．getting along C．hanging out D．carrying on
565．A．inactive B．mobile C．lively D．lazy
566．A．brings in B．reacts to C．results from D．leads to
567．A．However B．Furthermore C．Similarly D．Otherwise
568．A．open B．close C．back D．clear
569．A．transform B．benefit C．risk D．enhance
570．A．companies B．institutes C．foundations D．jounals
571．A．look into B．get into C．look up D．keep up
572．A．resorts B．destinations C．races D．vacations
573．A．ranging B．changing C．extending D．stretching
574．A．rate B．operation C．health D．muscle
575．A．frequently B．effectively C．considerably D．slowly

What is color blindness? Color blindness means that you have trouble seeing red, green, or blue or a(n) ____576____ of these colors. It’s ____577____ that a person sees no color at all. Color blindness is also called a color vision problem which can change your life ____578____. In children, color vision problems can affect learning abilities and reading development. And color vision problems may limit career choices that ____579____ you to tell colors apart.
What causes color blindness? Most color vision problems are inherited and are ____580____at birth. In some cases, a person can have a(n) ____581____ color vision problem. This can be caused by aging, eye problems, injury to the eye and side effects of some medicines.
What are the symptoms? The symptoms of color vision problems  ____582____: You may be able to see some colors but not others. ____583____, you may not be able to tell the difference between some reds and greens but can see blue and yellow easily. You may see many colors, so you may not know that you see color differently from others. You may only be able to see a few shades of color, ____584____ most people can see thousands of colors. In rare cases, some people see only black, white, and gray.
How is color blindness diagnosed? Tests ____585____ how well you recognize different colors. In one type of test, you look at sets of colored dots and try to find a(n)____586____ in them, such as a letter or number. The patterns you see help your doctor know which colors you have trouble with. In another type of test, you arrange colored chips in order according to how similar the colors are. People with color vision problems cannot arrange the colored chips correctly.
Because a color vision problem can have a big impact on a person’s life, it is important to detect the problem as early as possible. Most experts ____587____ eye exams for children between ages 3 and 5. Vision screening is also recommended for all children at least once before entering school, preferably between the ages of 3 and 4.
How can you help a child who has color blindness? Color vision problems may make it harder for children to learn and read, which can  ____588____ poor schoolwork and low self-esteem. You can help your child these ways. Make sure your child is tested for color vision problems during routine eye tests. Tell your child’s teachers and other school staff about the problem. This may be helpful. Suggest ____589____ your child where there is no glare  and using a color of chalk that your child can see.
You can also encourage your child to learn to look for cues like brightness or location ____590____ colors. For example, you can learn the order of the three colored lights on a traffic signal.
576．A．mixture B．majority C．minority D．multiple
577．A．frequent B．scarce C．rare D．common
578．A．exactly B．tremendously C．occasionally D．regularly
579．A．force B．request C．require D．order
580．A．accessible B．absent C．participate D．present
581．A．acquired B．adopted C．adapted D．accustomed
582．A．change B．vary C．alter D．transform
583．A．However B．Therefore C．For instance D．In addition
584．A．as B．while C．before D．after
585．A．mark B．manage C．involve D．measure
586．A．pattern B．shade C．picture D．image
587．A．refer B．reserve C．remind D．recommend
588．A．owing to B．lead to C．result from D．arise from
589．A．sorting B．separating C．setting D．seating
590．A．more than B．rather than C．other than D．better than

Winning personality
The modern manager has to play the role of team coach, i.e. be good at asking questions. What ____591____ the individual players? What is the role of a manager's personality in inspiring team performance? Since every corporation is a potential minefield (雷区) of personality traits, he or she had better also have ____592____ skills.
Karl Moore, an associate professor at McGill University in Canada, has written two recent articles on the role of different personality types in business. One of the most common ____593____ is between introverts (内向者) and extroverts (外向者). Mr. Moore estimates that around 40% of the population are introverts, 40% are extroverts and 20% are "ambiverts" who can ____594____ both characteristics.
Extroverts are most likely to go far in business. They are, after all, good at ____595____ themselves. While an academic study found that extroverts were 25% more likely to ____596____ a high-earning job. It may also be said a high-earning job would make anyone more confident and outgoing. Yet, personality traits tend to develop early in life.
The study also found that the children of ____597____ families were more likely to be extrovert. It could simply be that children who grow up in more prosperous homes are less likely to face the kind of stressful events that ____598____ self-confidence. People with higher self-confidence may apply for more prestigious jobs and may be more likely to believe that their efforts will be rewarded; those with a negative self-image may feel it is not worth trying too hard.
But introverts are also ____599____ climbing the greasy pole. A study in 2017 found that introvert executives were more likely to _____600_____ the expectations of the Board than their bragging, uber-confident colleagues.
Mr. Moore thinks that successful executives have to become ambiverts in order to succeed. Introverts must show _____601_____ or make an occasional stirring speech, when the situation calls for it. And extroverts need to shut up and listen to their teams — not least because when the manager speaks first, the team members will be _____602_____ to disagree.
_____603_____, managers also need to think about the different personality types when conducting meetings. It is easy for meetings to be _____604_____ by extroverts, who have a tendency to speak the loudest and most often. Introverts may never _____605_____ the discussion.
Managers have to spend time chatting to, and observing their team members before deciding how best to get them motivated. Managers need to be less like Henry Ford, and more like Sigmund Freud.
591．A．helps B．satisfies C．drives D．requires
592．A．educational B．interpersonal C．navigational D．vocational
593．A．approaches B．divides C．figures D．symbols
594．A．illustrate B．predict C．explain D．display
595．A．selling B．reaching C．wrapping D．representing
596．A．beat B．choose C．spot D．land
597．A．well-off B．positive C．needy D．harmonious
598．A．confirm B．strengthen C．weaken D．train
599．A．expert in B．afraid of C．concerned about D．free from
600．A．get rid of B．hold firm to C．live up to D．fall short of
601．A．enthusiasm B．determination C．innovation D．perseverance
602．A．ready B．reasonable C．reluctant D．responsible
603．A．Briefly B．However C．Similarly D．Instead
604．A．engaged B．occupied C．spoiled D．dominated
605．A．dedicate to B．contribute to C．account for D．answer for

Everybody loves to hate invasive species. The international list of invasive species—defined as those that were introduced by humans to new places, and then ____606____ — runs to over 4,000. In Australia and New Zealand hot war is fought against introduced creatures like cane toads (蔗蟾蜍) and rats.
Some things that are uncontroversial (无争议的) are nonetheless foolish. With a few important exceptions, campaigns to  ____607____ invasive species are merely a waste of money and effort — for reasons that are partly practical and partly philosophical.
Start with the practical arguments. Most invasive species are neither terribly successful nor very ____608____ . Britons think themselves surrounded by foreign plants. ____609____ , Britain’s invasive plants are not widespread, not spreading especially quickly, and often less of a(n) ____610____ than vigorous native plants. The arrival of new species almost always ____611____ biological diversity (多样性) in a region; in many cases, a flood of newcomers drives no native species to extinction. One reason is that invaders tend to colonise ____612____ habitats like polluted lakes and post-industrial wasteland, where little else lives. They are nature’s opportunists.
The philosophical reason for starting war on the invaders is also ____613____. Elimination campaigns tend to be  ____614____ by the belief that it is possible to restore balance to nature — to return woods and lakes to the state before human  ______615______ . That is misguided. Nature is an everlasting mess, with species constantly emerging, withdrawing and hybridizing (杂交). Humans have only quickened these processes. Going back to ancient habitats is becoming ______616______ in any case, because of man-made climate change. Taking on the invaders is a(n) ______617______ gesture, not a means to an achievable end.
A reasonable attitude to invaders need not imply passivity. A few foreign species are truly ______618______ and should be fought: the Nile perch – a fish, has helped drive many species of fish to extinction in Lake Victoria. It makes sense to ______619______ pathogens (病菌), especially those that destroy whole native tree species, and to stop known agricultural pests from gaining a foothold. Fencing off wildlife reserves to create open-air ecological museums is fine, too. And it is a good idea for European gardeners to destroy Japanese plants, just as they give no space to native harmful grasses like bindweed and ground elder. You can garden in a garden. You cannot garden ______620______ . That is universally accepted.
606．A．multiplied B．shrunk C．disappeared D．harvested
607．A．conserve B．eliminate C．investigate D．prioritize
608．A．healthy B．intentional C．harmful D．profitable
609．A．As a result B．For example C．By contrast D．In fact
610．A．attraction B．dominance C．annoyance D．substitute
611．A．increases B．destroys C．reveals D．targets
612．A．oppressed B．disturbed C．cultivated D．preserved
613．A．acceptable B．needless C．mistaken D．convincing
614．A．fueled B．organized C．interrupted D．greeted
615．A．civilization B．interference C．interaction D．maintenance
616．A．tolerable B．impossible C．beneficial D．critical
617．A．reluctant B．disorderly C．invalid D．unbalanced
618．A．damaging B．flexible C．doubtful D．outstanding
619．A．pick up B．take in C．keep out D．turn down
620．A．agriculture B．vegetation C．atmosphere D．nature

After weeks or even months of ____621____ about insufficient goods in grocery store and crazy fight to get the last box of noodles or toilet paper roll, a great number of the nation’s largest farms are struggling with another _____622_____ effect of Covid-19. They had no choice but to ______623______ tens of millions of pounds of fresh food that they can no longer sell.
Due to the large-scale lockdown, many restaurants, hotels and schools have to be closed temporarily, leaving some farmers with no buyers to consume the crops they've grown. The amount of waste is astounding. ______624______, the nation’s largest dairy company, Dairy MaMa of America, estimates that farmers are dumping as many as 4.9 million gallons of milk each day.
According to many farmers, they have _____625_____ some of the surplus food to food banks and other food assistance programs, which have been _____626_____ with demand from the needy. But there is only so much food that may go bad easily, which ends up in landfill.
Besides, since the farmers have invested a lot in ______627______, processing and transporting, they are now facing financial _____628_____ after the sales has been reduced to half. Reasonable as exporting food sounds, it is not so _____629_____either based on the fact that many international buyers are also running into the same crisis caused by pandemic
The noteworthy destruction of edible food — especially when many Americans are suffering from the virus financially and millions are suddenly _____630_____ — is an especially tragic reality. It indicates the profound economic chaos caused by the virus and how difficult it has been for different sectors of the economy, like agriculture, to _____631_____ such a sudden structural change in how they should operate and survive.
In the past decades, the nation’s food banks have go to great lengths to ____632____ from providing processed meals to offering fresh ______633______. But the pandemic made it difficult to serve fruits and vegetables for a shortage of volunteers, because the transportation may be expensive and ______634______
The situation has become especially _____635_____ in the dairy industry, where cows need to be milked multiple times a day , regardless of whether there are buyers.
621．A．panic B．problems C．doubt D．puzzlement
622．A．risky B．side C．ill D．problematic
623．A．set up B．sell out C．take up D．burn up
624．A．After all B．In most cases C．For example D．Above all
625．A．dumped B．contributed C．distributed D．submitted
626．A．dominated B．overwhelmed C．empowered D．encountered
627．A．grabbing B．preserving C．watering D．harvesting
628．A．condition B．dilemma C．gap D．result
629．A．feasible B．flexible C．remarkable D．affordable
630．A．unused B．undefined C．uninformed D．unemployed
631．A．apply to B．adjust to C．come to D．take to
632．A．transform B．recover C．shift D．settle
633．A．alternatives B．appetites C．honors D．symbols
634．A．stable B．conclusive C．time-consuming D．labor-saving
635．A．persistent B．multiple C．slight D．severe

COVID-19 lockdowns had strange effects on air pollution across the globe
Ever since the covid-19 spread, many changes have come with the ______636______ unstoppable virus. China has shown the first sign. Rightly after a strict nationwide lockdown was ______637______ in late January, most people were restricted from leaving their homes at all for as long as 3 weeks. As a result, the authority _____638_____ a sharp decline in the direct emissions of air pollution on a scale never observed before. “Changes in emissions would be significant and _____639_____ studying for it may bring us new solutions to greenhouse effect,” says Jiset Deew, a chemist at the Harvard University, “The pandemic has caused lots of tragedies, but the lesson we can learn is important.”
Researchers found it a strange but _____640_____ chance to capture how human economic activity—particularly car traffic—dropped rapidly and thus to seek for the answer to the influence of _____641_____ traffic on air quality. “Running atmospheric chemistry experiments is often a _____642_____ task based on the lack of experimental conditions, so we have to ____643____ really complex reaction chambers and computer models,” says Tg, who now works on the project ______644______ organic aerosols at MIT. “But in this unprecedented year, we finally get the chance to _____645_____ our ideas and we hope the new findings will further our understanding of the mechanisms that rule atmospheric chemistry but also offer guidance for policy makers who seek to improve air quality and ______646______ climate change.”
During the lockdown, passenger traffic plumbed, and traffic-related emissions—particularly CO2 and NO2—_____647_____ accordingly. Vehicles powered by gas directly release huge amounts of CO2 and NO2. CO2, a greenhouse gas, plays a major role in global warming. Besides, NO2 plays a _____648_____ part in atmospheric reactions that produce ozone which helps _____649_____ UV light (紫外线). Now, experts are still working to _____650_____ how the two gases changed during pandemic.
636．A．seemingly B．absolutely C．relatively D．theoretically
637．A．criticized B．issued C．imposed D．publicized
638．A．suffered B．witnessed C．reformed D．respected
639．A．worth B．busy C．demand D．symbolic
640．A．rare B．precious C．applicable D．respective
641．A．halved B．growing C．increasing D．double
642．A．meaningful B．honorable C．tough D．rough
643．A．adapt B．acknowledge C．accomplish D．adopt
644．A．exchanging B．reminding C．persisting D．concerning
645．A．expect B．treasure C．test D．appreciate
646．A．relieve B．settle C．comfort D．signal
647．A．turned B．kicked C．fell D．crushed
648．A．key B．indirect C．wide D．negative
649．A．leak B．collapse C．lift D．resist
650．A．strike B．take C．investigate D．analyze