上海名校高中自主招生英语模拟试题01 -版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典

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模拟演练1： 2023上海名校高中自主招生英语



一、语法

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. This is the most exciting film __________ I have ever seen.
A. that B. which C. who D. whose
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是我看过的最激动人心的电影。此处为定语从句修饰先行
词film，先行词在从句中作宾语，且由形容词最高级修饰，只能用that引导。故选A。
2．There are _________ kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies or history.
A．famous B．fantasy C．unique D．various
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词。A. famous著名的；B. fantasy 梦幻的； C.unique独一无二的；D. various独一无二的。句意：有各种各样的主题公园---。所以选D。
3．With so much noise of the traffic, I couldn’t __________and do my research work.
A．put down B．settle down C．break down D．take down
【答案】B
【解析】动词词组辨析题。句意： 有那么大的噪音我无法静下来做研究工作。A．put down 放下 B．settle down 安静下来 C．break down 出故障 D．take down 记下。 根据语境选B。
4. Since Tom ______ downloaded a virus into his computer, he can not open the file now.
A. readily B. horribly C. accidentally D. irregularly
【答案】：C
【解析】accidentally意为“偶然地,意外地”。根据“...downloaded a virus into his computer”可判断出要用accidentally”，因为下载病毒是偶然事件。readily意为“乐意地,欣然,容易地”;horribly意为“可怕地,非常地”;irregularly意为“不规则地”。
5.We offer an excellent education to our students. ________, we expect students to work hard.
A. On average B. At best C. In return D. After all
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：我们给我们的学生们提供极好的教育，作为回报，我们期待我们的学生们努力学习。A.平均起来，一般说来；B.最多，充其量；C.作为回报；D.毕竟，终究。根据句意故选C。
6._________online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
A. Since B. After C. While D. Unless
【答案】C
【解析】句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但是不是其所有的影响都是积极的。While引导让步状语从句，意为尽管，虽然。since既然，自从；after在……之后；unless除非，故选C。
7. Unfortunately, when I dropped in, Professor Johnson __________, so we only had time for a few words.
A. has just left B. had just left C. just left D. was just leaving
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态。句意：不幸的是，当我顺道拜访时，约翰逊教授正要离开，所以我们只说了几句话。由时间状语从句谓语dropped用一般过去时可知，此处指“（过去）正要干某事”，此处用过去进行时（was/were doing）表过去将来。故选D项。
8. The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
A. which B. what C. whose D. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为the books，和covers之间存在所有关系，故选择C，句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。
9.We need to get to the root of the problem______ we can solve it.
A. while B. after C. before D. as
【答案】C
【解析】句意：在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。A. while当……时候，而；B. after在……之后；C. before在……之前; D. as正如。
10.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts______ success in the end.
A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力（将来）一定会得到回报。根据句意可知，回报是将来要发生的事情，应该用将来时。efforts和reward是被动关系，应该使用被动语态，故选D。
11.My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢；B.不应该；C.不需要；D.不许。根据句意，故选C。
12.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated.
A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语。句意：这个医院近期购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用doing作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。故选B。
13.________ it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
A. Made B. Make C. Making D. To make
【答案】D
【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：为了更方便地联系到我们，你最好随身带着这张卡片。这里表示目的，要用动词不定式，故选D。
14.______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
A. Ordering B. To order C. Having ordered D. Ordered
【答案】D
【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意：（因为）那些书是一周多之前订的，现在随时有可能送到。books和order是动宾关系，即order books/books are ordered,故用过去分词表示被动和完成，在此相当于原因状语从句because they were ordered…故选D。
15. Only when Lily walked into the office ______ that she had left the contract at home.
A. she realized B. has she realized
C. she has realized D. did she realize
【答案】D
【解析】句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。本题考查only位于句首，引导的时间状语从句，主句要主谓倒装。根据时态和句意可知选D。


二、 词汇填空
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．luckily  B．alerts C．established  D．entrances  E. contact  F. habitat
G. measures   H. wandered   I. studying   J. rewards   K. enjoy
Fifteen wild Asian elephants that left their ____1____ in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve(保护区)in Yunnan province have so far not caused any trouble in the provincial capital(省会), Kunming, thanks to local authorities’ effective measures. By Thursday afternoon, the herd(兽群)had moved to Shuanghe county, Jinning district in Kunming’s outskirts, according to the Yunnan Forestry and Grassland Administration, which has ____2____ a special work team under the guidance of the provincial government. Provincial forestry police have followed the elephants’ movements round the clock, using drones(无人机)and cameras. Experts from both the national and provincial forestry departments are advising on ____3____ to control the elephants. Police and firefighters in Kunming are working to prevent the elephants from coming into ____4____ with residents. Trucks(卡车)and digging equipment have been put in place at the ____5____ of villages to try to stop the pachyderms’(厚皮动物)entry.
A woman from Ganhe village, where the elephants ____6____ around for several hours on Thursday, told local media that they had received ____7____ from the village committee. “All my family members moved to the second floor of our house on Wednesday. We were very nervous last night, but ____8____ no one was hurt,” she said.
Although it’s not known when the elephants left the Xishuangbanna reserve, experts believe they may have started roaming(徜徉)last year and are now about 500 kilometers away from the reserve.
The Asian elephants, which are listed as endangered(濒危的)on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species, ____9____ Class-A protection status in China, the same level afforded(给予)the giant panda. Yunnan is the only home to wild Asian elephants in China and has 300 of the animals. However, more than two-thirds of the population live outside nature reserves, said Chen Mingyong, a life sciences professor at Yunnan University who has been ____10____ wild elephants for decades.

【答案】
1．F    2．C    3．G    4．E    5．D    6．H    7．B    8．A    9．K     10．I
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。15头云南西双版纳自然保护区的亚洲象于周四闯入了居住区，但目前并没有造成任何麻烦。
1．考查名词。句意：当地政府的有效措施下，离开西双版纳国家级自然保护区栖息地的15头野生亚洲象到目前为止没有在省会昆明制造任何麻烦。their是形容词性物主代词，后接名词作left的宾语，根据下文“the herd(兽群)had moved to Shuanghe county, Jinning district in Kunming’s outskirts”可知，象群离开了他们的栖息地，名词habitat符合句意。故选F项。
2．考查动词。句意：据云南省林业和草原局称，到周四下午，鹿群已经转移到昆明郊区金宁区双河县。云南省林业和草原局在省政府的指导下成立了一个特别工作组。分析句子可知，which 引导的定语从句中谓语部分不完整，根据“a special work team under the guidance of the provincial government.”推知，是成立了特别工作组，动词establish符合句意，此处用其过去分词与has构成现在完成时。故选C项。
3．考查名词。句意：来自国家和省级林业部门的专家正在就控制大象的措施提供建议。分析句子可知，介词on后跟名词作宾语，to control the elephant是抽象名词的后置定语，根据上文“thanks to local authorities’ effective measures.”可知，表示“控制大象的措施”名词measure符合句意，表示泛指用复数measures，符合句意。故选G项。
4．考查名词。句意：昆明警方和消防队员正在努力防止大象与居民接触。空处应填名词作宾语，结合句意，此处指防止大象与居民接触，故名词contact符合句意，come into contact with是固定搭配，意为“与……接触”。故选E项。
5．考查名词。句意：卡车和挖掘设备已经安置在村庄入口处，试图阻止厚皮动物进入。根据“stop the pachyderms’(厚皮动物)entry.”可知，是在村口放置装置，故名词entrance符合句意，at the entrance of意为“在……的入口处”，符合句意。故选D项。
6．考查动词。句意：大象在干河村游荡了几个小时，村里的一名妇女告诉当地媒体，他们收到了村委会的通知。分析句子可知where引导的定语从句缺谓语动词且使用一般过去时，wander around意为“徘徊”，符合句意。故选H项。
7．考查名词。句意：大象在干河村游荡了几个小时，村里的一名妇女告诉当地媒体，他们收到了村委会的警告。分析句子可知，缺宾语，根据下文“All my family members moved to the second floor of our house on Wednesday”可知，村民街道了村委会的警告（通知），名词alerts符合句意。故选B项
8．考查副词。句意：我们昨晚非常紧张，但幸运的是没有人受伤。根据but可知句意发生转折，且本句主干成分完整，故填修饰成分，luckily副词作状语，符合句意。故选A项。
9．考查动词。句意：在国际自然保护联盟的濒危物种红色名录上，亚洲象被列为濒危物种，在中国享有与大熊猫相同的一级保护地位。空处为主句谓语动词，主句主语是The Asian elephants，陈述客观事实，谓语动词用复数形式，enjoy…status “享有……地位”符合句意。故选K项。
10．考查动词。句意：然而，云南大学生命科学教授陈明勇说，超过三分之二的大象生活在自然保护区以外。陈明勇研究野生大象已有几十年。分析句子可知，who引导的定语从句中谓语动词不完整，has been 后可跟现在分词构成现在完成进行时，也可跟过去分词构成现在完成时的被动，此处表示教授目前还在“研究”野生大象，为主动，故用has been studying，表示动作从过去持续到现在并极有可能延续下去。故选I项。


三、完形填空
Experts often tell students to put their efforts on a narrow field to get a job after school. But recent research into Nobel Prize winners suggests that wider interests are ___1___.
One of the winners of the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was Danish scientist Morten Meldal. When describing his career, Meldal said he ___2___ as an engineer but changed to chemistry because, he “wanted to understand the world”. Meldal’s experience and the way he sees things may come as a(n) ___3___ to students. They might believe they have to ___4___ their work and school lives in one field to be successful. But a study from professors at Michigan State University ___5___ that belief. They said that many Nobel Prize winners can be described as “polymaths,” those who have many ___6___ interests in both their work and personal lives.
The professors looked at past Nobel Prize winners and their students. They decided that when ___7___ of winners go on to win Nobel Prizes, some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests. They are, in a way, learning how to be ___8___.
Having many interests ___9___ scientists to look for innovative ways to address problems. In fact, one important part of science is not discovering answers, but ___10___ problems that need to be settled. For example, Alexis Carrel won his Nobel Prize in medicine in 1912 by ___11___ techniques he learned from the clothing business. He realized that people who used thread to make and fix clothing had a skill that could be used in ___12___ to put new organs into people’s bodies. One winner in medicine — Christiane Nusslein-Volhard — once told young scientists to avoid following the “___13___” and move out of their study areas to be independent and original.
___14___, the Michigan State professors found that most professionals are not like the prize-winners. The prize-winners are special in that they ___15___ look for the chances to learn new things, even outside of their jobs.
1．A．scientific B．competing C．essential D．immediate
2．A．started out B．made off C．looked over D．turned aside
3．A．distraction B．surprise C．example D．burden
4．A．ease B．tip C．treat D．center
5．A．exemplified B．confirmed C．edited D．rejected
6．A．diverse B．similar C．mathematical D．peculiar
7．A．teachers B．students C．peers D．children
8．A．creative B．leisure C．academic D．reasonable
9．A．spoils B．pours C．permits D．starves
10．A．abandoning B．recognizing C．capitalizing D．worsening
11．A．shrinking B．tracking C．individualizing D．transferring
12．A．operations B．engines C．clothing D．machinery
13．A．cornerstone B．mainstream C．upkeep D．outflow
14．A．As a result B．On the contrary C．In a row D．At a cost
15．A．unevenly B．fruitlessly C．regularly D．reluctantly

【答案】
1．C    2．A    3．B    4．D    5．D    6．A    7．B    8．A    9．C    10．B    11．D    12．A    13．B    14．B    15．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文，研究表明，诺贝尔奖经常颁发给有创造力的思考者，而不是专家。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但最近对诺贝尔奖得主的研究表明，更广泛的兴趣是非常重要的。A. scientific科学的；B. competing相互竞争的；C. essential非常重要的，必不可少的；D. immediate立刻的，即时的。根据语境及下文“some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests(他们从老师那里学到的一些东西是如何带着许多兴趣去生活)”可知，很多诺贝奖得主的学生从老师那里学到的是要有广泛的兴趣，所以此处指拥有广泛的兴趣很重要，故选C。
2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在描述他的职业生涯时，Meldal说，他最初是一名工程师，但后来转向化学，因为他“想了解世界”。A. started out起初是，从……开始；B. made off匆忙离开；C. looked over检查，浏览；D. turned aside避开，转过脸。根据“but changed to chemistry”可知，Meldal说最初是一名工程师，但后来转向化学，故选A。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Meldal的经历和他看待事物的方式可能会让学生们感到惊讶。A. distraction干扰，使人分心的事物；B. surprise惊讶；C. example例子；D. burden负担。根据上文对Meldal专业的描述及下文“They might believe they have to ___4___ their work and school lives in one field to be successful.”可知，学生们可能认为集中注意力于一个专业才会成功，但是Meldal从工程师转向了化学，所以Meldal的经历会让他们感到惊讶。故选B。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们可能认为他们必须把工作和学校生活集中在一个领域才能成功。A. ease减轻，缓和；B. tip（使）倾泻，倒出；C. treat对待，治疗；D. center集中，使聚集在一起。根据文章首句“Experts often tell students to put their efforts on a narrow field to get a job after school.(专家们经常告诉学生们，要想毕业后找到工作，就要把精力集中在单一的领域)”及语境可知，学生们可能认为要把精力集中在一个领域才能获得成功，故选D。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但密歇根州立大学教授的一项研究否定了这一观点。A. exemplified举例说明；B. confirmed证实；C. edited编辑，校订；D. rejected拒绝，否决。结合转折词“But”及下文“those who have many ___6___ interests in both their work and personal lives”可知，研究表明，诺贝尔奖获得主有很多兴趣，所以此处指这项研究否定了上文提到的集中精力于一个领域的观念，故选D。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们说，许多诺贝尔奖得主都可以被称为“博学多才”，他们在工作和个人生活中都有许多不同的兴趣。A. diverse不同的，各种各样的；B. similar类似的；C. mathematical有关数学的；D. peculiar奇怪的，怪异的。根据“polymaths”及语境可知，许多诺贝尔奖得主有很多不同的兴趣，故选A。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们判定，当获奖者的学生后来获得诺贝尔奖时，他们从老师那里学到的一些东西就是如何带着多种兴趣生活。A. teachers老师；B. students学生；C. peers同龄人；D. children孩子。根据“some of what they learned from their teachers”可知，此处指获奖者的学生，故选B。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在某种程度上，他们正在学习如何变得富有创造力。A. creative创造性的；B. leisure空闲的；C. academic学业的，学术的；D. reasonable合理的。根据下文“look for innovative ways to address problems(寻找解决问题的创新方法)”可知，此处指学习如何变得富有创造力，故选A。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：兴趣广泛使科学家能够寻找解决问题的创新方法。A. spoils破坏，糟蹋；B. pours倾倒；C. permits许可，使成为可能；D. starves挨饿。根据语境及下文的举例可知，兴趣广泛使使科学家能够寻找解决问题的创新方法，permit符合语境。故选C。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，科学的一个重要部分不是发现答案，而是认识到需要解决的问题。A. abandoning抛弃，遗弃；B. recognizing识别，辨认出；C. capitalizing资本化，为……提供资本；D. worsening（使）变得更糟。根据“one important part of science is not discovering answers”可知，科学的一个重要部分不是发现答案，而是发现需要解决的问题，故选B。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，Alexis Carrel通过将他从服装业学到的技术进行转移，在1912年获得了诺贝尔医学奖。A. shrinking（使）缩小，减少；B. tracking追踪；C. individualizing（使）个性化；D. transferring（使）转移，转化。根据下文描述的将缝制衣服的技巧用于医疗手术中可知，此处指将从服装业学到的技术进行转移，故选D。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他意识到，那些用线制作和固定衣服的人拥有一种技能，可以在手术中用于将新器官植入人的身体。A. operations手术；B. engines发动机；C. clothing服装；D. machinery机器。根据“to put new organs into people’s bodies”可知，此处指在手术中用于将新器官植入人的身体，故选A。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：医学领域的一位获奖者Christiane Nusslein-Volhard曾告诉年轻的科学家们，要避免追随“主流”，走出自己的研究领域，保持独立和原创。A. cornerstone基石，支柱；B. mainstream主流；C. upkeep维修，保养；D. outflow流出量。根据“move out of their study areas to be independent and original”及上文提到的创新可知，此处指避免跟随主流，故选B。
14．考查固定短语辨析。句意：相反，密歇根州立大学的教授们发现，大多数专业人士并不像得奖者那样。A. As a result因此；B. On the contrary相反；C. In a row 连续几次地；D. At a cost按成本，造价为。上一段提到诺贝尔奖得主能够创新地解决问题，根据空后“the Michigan State professors found that most professionals are not like the prize- winners”可知，此处指相反，大多数专业人士并不像得奖者那样，故选B。
15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：获奖者的特殊之处在于，他们经常寻找学习新事物的机会，即使是在工作之外。A. unevenly不均衡地；B. fruitlessly无益地，徒劳地；C. regularly频繁地，经常地；D. reluctantly不情愿地。根据上文内容可知，诺贝尔奖得主经常寻找学习新事物的机会，即使是在工作之外，故选C。

四、阅读理解

A
As we all know, children are fast learners when learning a second language. However, adults can study a second language as fast as children, a new study reports. Adults can develop the increased neural (神经的) connections with language study that can avoid dementia (痴呆) by four years, as well as make traveling a lot easier.
In an examination of Spanish second-language learners, the researchers found that after simplest training, the brain activity between sentences that relied on grammatical features unique to each language was similar to that of native speakers. “I think it is the reason why people think university foreign language teaching is good. It shows that, even with limited time in the college classroom, learning can happen quite quickly and well,” said professor Alison Gabriele, the co-author of the paper.
Beyond that, it gives parents more reasons to study a second language as part of a family effort. Further research has shown that learning a language as a family effort improves everyone’s abilities and gives opportunities for learning something that are mostly absent from classroom settings. National Geographic reports in an interview with Christine Jernigan, author of Family Language Learning: Learn Another Language, Raise Bilingual Children, that as for immersion (沉浸) in language study, practicing a second language with people is the most important part, and who talks to each other more than a family? Language learners need to be brave. Besides, they should ready themselves for making mistakes and receive others’ advice.
Most people will be far more comfortable making mistakes around family members than in a classroom setting. Furthermore, any home activity, whether that’s gardening, playing in the yard, watching movies, going shopping, cleaning, or cooking a meal, becomes an opportunity for language learning. Jernigan suggests preparing vocabulary before an activity and using it as short homework. Jernigan suggests using subtitles (字幕) too, so you can see which words are being used.
1．What does the new study in paragraph 1 find?
A．Kids often travel a lot ion their own.
B．Adults have learnt a second language better than kids.
C．Adults can study a second language as quickly as kids.
D．Kids are likely to develop the increased neural connections.
2．What does Alison Gabriele think of learning a language in the college classroom?
A．It is successful. B．It is challenging.
C．It is disappointing. D．It is boring.
3．What is the advantage of learning a language as a family effort?
A．Helping kids form good learning habits.
B．Making parents control kids easily.
C．Keeping kids focusing on the classroom.
D．Having more chances to learn in other situations.
4．What should language learners do according to the text?
A．Be brave to take more risks.
B．Fit in with new learning environment.
C．Be willing to accept other’s comments.
D．Spend much time doing home activities.

【答案】1．C    2．A    3．D    4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了成年人学习第二语言的速度可以和儿童一样快以及学习第二语言的一些方法。
1．细节理解题。根据首段前两句“As we all know, children are fast learners when learning a second language. However, adults can study a second language as fast as children, a new study reports. (我们都知道，在学习第二语言时，孩子是快速的学习者。然而，一项新的研究报告称，成年人学习第二语言的速度可以和儿童一样快。)”可知，成年人学习第二语言的速度可以和儿童一样快。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段““I think it is the reason why people think university foreign language teaching is good. It shows that, even with limited time in the college classroom, learning can happen quite quickly and well,” said professor Alison Gabriele, the co-author of the paper. (“我认为这就是为什么人们认为大学外语教学好的原因。这表明，即使在大学课堂上的时间有限，学习也可以非常快速和良好，”论文的合著者艾莉森·加布里埃教授说。)”可知，艾莉森·加布里埃认为在大学教室里学习一门语言是成功的。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Further research has shown that learning a language as a family effort improves everyone’s abilities and gives opportunities for learning something that are mostly absent from classroom settings. (进一步的研究表明，作为一种家庭努力学习一门语言可以提高每个人的能力，并有机会学习一些在课堂上几乎没有的东西。)”可知，全家人一起努力学习一门语言的好处是可以有机会学习课堂背景下学不到的东西，即：有更多在其他情况下学习的机会。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据第三段末句“Besides, they should ready themselves for making mistakes and receive others’ advice. (此外，他们应该为犯错误做好准备，接受别人的建议。)”可知，语言学习者要乐于接受他人的意见。故选C。
B
When I was young, I had no idea what I wanted to do. The choices were thin. It was assumed (假定的) that I’d go to college, and after, that I could be a mom. I could, be a secretary. I could be a nurse or a teacher. If anyone asked, I said I wanted to be a writer. Even I knew that wasn’t a real job. Mostly, I didn’t think about it.
But just as I was coming of age, a world of possibility opened up. By the time I graduated from college with a science degree, I still didn’t know what I wanted to do. And one day, after seeing a notice in the paper, I remembered there was something I’d wanted to do, once. It sounded fun, so I took the test to be a mail carrier. The new Postal Service was by law an inclusive group. If you got a good enough score, you were in.
It was an older woman conducting (执行) my fitness entry exam who was the first to disagree. This wasn’t a job for a girl, she said. And I shouldn’t take a man’s job away from him. He has a family to support. Despite that poor assumed man’s family, I became one of perhaps a dozen female carriers in the whole city of Portland, Oregon.
On the street, I was a novelty (新奇的人). I didn’t go a single day without hearing some friendly words: Well, I guess we can’t call you the mailman, can we? We’ll have to call you the mail-woman! Those particular words somehow appeared naturally in thousands of minds at once. My existence received attention. It’s hard to imagine now.
Thirty-two years later I retired into a very different world. Being a retired mail carrier is even more fun than being a mail carrier. And finally, I get to be a writer. It’s still not really a job.
5．What can we know about the author when she was young?
A．She had no plan for her future.
B．She studied hard to be a writer.
C．She never wanted to go to college.
D．She knew little about what a real job was.
6．Why did the author want to be a mail carrier?
A．She could do nothing else after her graduation.
B．She thought it interesting to be a mail carrier.
C．She got a high score in the test to be a mail carrier.
D．She was bored with studying for a science degree.
7．What was the older woman’s attitude to the author’s decision?
A．Supportive. B．Careless. C．Unclear. D．Negative.
8．What was the author’s purpose in writing this text?
A．To stress the importance of a career plan.
B．To share the story of her career options.
C．To show the fun of being a mail carrier.
D．To express her regret about her job choice.

【答案】5．A    6．B    7．D    8．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了她是如何选择成为一位邮递员的以及当时人们女邮递员的态度。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句话“When I was young, I had no idea what I wanted to do.(当我年轻的时候，我不知道我想做什么)”可知，年轻的时候，作者对自己的未来没有计划。故选A项。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“It sounded fun, so I took the test to be a mail carrier.(听起来很有趣，所以我参加了考试，想成为一名邮递员)”可知，作者想当邮递员是因为她认为这很有趣。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段的句子“It was an older woman conducting (执行) my fitness entry exam who was the first to disagree. This wasn’t a job for a girl, she said. And I shouldn’t take a man’s job away from him. He has a family to support.(第一个反对我的是一位上了年纪的妇女，她负责我的入职体能考试。她说，这不是女孩该做的工作。我不应该抢走男人的工作。他要养家糊口)”推知，那位年长的女士对作者的决定持否定的态度。故选D项。
8．推理判断题。通过这篇文章，作者讲述了自己年幼时对写作感兴趣，大学却选择了理科，毕业后她选择成为一位邮递员，然而退休后选择成为一个作家。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了分享她的职业选择。故选B项。

C
An important lesson in the moral (道德的) education of children could be as close as the book in their hands. Stories matter. And they can play a role in building moral values in young audiences, according to the results of a new study.
Lindsay Hahn is the first author of the new study, which explores how media content (内容) influences children. Many studies done before have focused on wide concept (概念), but Hahn’s study looks at how moral values might influence the kids’ values. Do children reading particular moral, characteristics take in those qualities and build their own morality? The findings suggest so.
“Parents, caregivers, and teachers are often wondering how media can be used for good,” says Hahn. “How can it be used for good things? How can it discourage bad habits? How can it educate?” Answering those questions begins with a better understanding of how to use media. “When parents are considering what media they might want to select for their children, they can deliberate what particular moral value is being stressed by the main character, and how the main character is treated because of those actions,” she says.
For the study, Hahn and her workmates took the main character from a young adult novel. They wrote the content to reflect the study’s focus on moral values. Those stories were shared with about 200 participants (参与者) between the ages of 10 and 14. This is a favorable range for media research because it’s more difficult to introduce the understanding of stories to younger kids, while challenging to hold the attention of older teenagers, who become bored with basic storylines, according to Hahn.
9．What is the result of the new study?
A．Stories should be spread more by media.
B．Children like reading books full of funny stories.
C．Children have learned an important lesson from stories.
D．Stories help children to develop their own moral values.
10．What does Hahn’s study focus on?
A．How children deal with media content.
B．How children are exposed to modern society.
C．How media content influences children’s moral: values.
D．How children should deal with the moral values in stories.
11．What does the underlined word “deliberate” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Describe. B．Improve. C．Title. D．Consider.
12．Which is the best title for the text?
A．The Young Can Build Good Moral Values Easily
B．It Is Difficult for the Young to Understand Moral Values
C．Stories Play an Important Role in the Young’s Moral Values
D．Scientists Find More Ways to Help the Young Build Moral Values

【答案】9．D    10．C    11．D    12．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是根据一项新的研究结果，故事可以在年轻听众的道德价值观建设中发挥作用。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段的“An important lesson in the moral (道德的) education of children could be as close as the book in their hands. Stories matter. And they can play a role in building moral values in young audiences, according to the results of a new study.(对孩子进行道德教育的重要一课就像他们手中的书一样近在咫尺。故事很重要。根据一项新的研究结果，它们可以在年轻听众的道德价值观建设中发挥作用。)”可知，这项新研究的结果是故事帮助孩子们发展自己的道德观。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Lindsay Hahn is the first author of the new study, which explores how media content  influences children. Many studies done before have focused on wide concept, but Hahn’s study looks at how moral values might influence the kids’ values.(Lindsay Hahn是这项新研究的第一作者，该研究探索了媒体内容如何影响儿童。以前做过的许多研究都专注于广泛的概念，但Hahn的研究着眼于道德价值观如何影响孩子的价值观。)”可知，Hahn的研究重点是媒体内容如何影响儿童的道德价值观。故选C。
11．词句猜测题。根据第三段的“When parents are considering what media they might want to select for their children(当父母考虑为孩子选择什么样的媒体时)”和“what particular moral value is being stressed by the main character, and how the main character is treated because of those actions(主角强调了什么特殊的道德价值，主角因为这些行为而受到了怎样的对待)”可知，划线词所在句子的意思是“当父母考虑为孩子选择什么样的媒体时，他们可以考虑主角强调了什么特定的道德价值，以及主角因这些行为而受到怎样的对待”，因此划线词deliberate的意思是“考虑”，和consider意思相近，故选D。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“An important lesson in the moral (道德的) education of children could be as close as the book in their hands. Stories matter. And they can play a role in building moral values in young audiences, according to the results of a new study.(对孩子进行道德教育的重要一课就像他们手中的书一样近在咫尺。故事很重要。根据一项新的研究结果，它们可以在年轻听众的道德价值观建设中发挥作用。)”可知，本文主要讲的是根据一项新的研究结果，故事可以在年轻听众的道德价值观建设中发挥作用，因此最好的标题是C选项“Stories Play an Important Role in the Young’s Moral Values(故事在年轻人的道德价值观中扮演着重要的角色)”。故选C。

D

Jason, a straight-A student from the University of Pennsylvania, uses the term “pseudo-working” to describe how many of us study. The pseudo-worker looks and feels like someone who is working bard - he or she spends a long time in the library and is not afraid to push on late into the night – but, because of a lack of focus and concentration, he or she doesn’t actually achieve much.
This phenomenon cam be seen in most colleges. For example, at Dartmouth there was a section of the main library that was open twenty-four hours a day and the students I used to see in there late at night crowded in groups, drinking coffee, were definitely pseudo-working. The roommate who looks through her chemistry notes on the couch while watching TV is pseudo-working. The guy who brings three meals, a blanket. and six-pack of Red Bull to the study zone in preparation for an all-day paper-writing marathon is also pseudo-working.
By placing themselves in distracting environments and insisting on working long hours, these students are damaging their brain’s ability to think clearly and efficiently to achieve the task at hand. In the end they get half the results with twice the effort.
The bigger problem here is that most students don’t even realize that they’re pseudo-working. To them pseudo-working is work - it’s how they’ve always done it, and it’s how all of their friends do it. Ii never crosses their mind that there might be a better way. Straight-A students. on the other hand, know all about pseudo-working. They fear it, and for good reason It not only wastes time, but it’s also mentally tiring.
In fact, the most important skill in becoming a better student is the ability to get work done quickly and with a smallest amount of wasted effort. Some cognitive science research concludes that about 50 minutes is the optimal learning period to maximize the material integrated per time unit. So how do these students achieve this goal? To understand their way to success, consider the following simple formula(公式): work achieved = time spent * intensity of focus.
Pseudo-working features a very low intensity of focus. Therefore, to achieve something by pseudo-working. You need to spend a lot of time. The straight-A approach, on the other hand, increases intensity in order to use less time.
13．Which of the following phenomenon is pseudo-working?
A．Tom is busy taking notes while attending a lecture.
B．Mike is sitting at a study lounge in preparation for a final exam quietly.
C．Jack spends a long time in the library on his essay while listening to music.
D．Alice and Sara are sitting on the couth reading their favorite books.
14．Compared with straight-A students, the major problem of most students is that they _____
A．want to spend more time on study.
B．are eager to follow their friends’ way.
C．have gotten used to their study approach.
D．are unaware of their pseudo-working.
15．What does the underlined word “optimal” mean in paragraph 5?
A．Possible.
B．Best.
C．Least.
D．Accurate.
16．Why does the author mention the formula in the text?
A．To show the benefit of working hard.
B．To prove the necessity of achieving work.
C．To emphasize the importance of concentration.
D．To explain the reason for spending much time.

【答案】13．C    14．D    15．B    16．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“伪学习”的一些表现和危害，并建议大家提高专注度，提高学习效率。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The pseudo-worker looks and feels like someone who is working bard - he or she spends a long time in the library and is not afraid to push on late into the night - but, because of a lack of focus and concentration, he or she doesn’t actually achieve much. (伪学习者看起来和感觉上都像吟游诗人——他或她花很长时间在图书馆里，而且不怕工作到深夜——但是，由于缺乏专注力，他或她实际上并没有取得多大成就。)”可知，伪学习指的是看上去好像花了很长时间学习，但并没有真正把注意力集中在学习上。C项“杰克边听音乐边在图书馆写论文写了很长时间”与“伪学习”的定义相似。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The bigger problem here is that most students don’t even realize that they’re pseudo-working.(更大的问题是，大多数学生甚至没有意识到他们是在伪学习。)”可知，相比全A的学生，大多数学生都不知道自己在伪学习。故选D项。
15．词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“Some cognitive science research concludes that about 50 minutes is the optimal learning period to maximize the material integrated per time unit.(一些认知科学研究得出结论，大约50分钟是optimal学习时间，以最大限度地利用每一时间单位的材料。)”中的maximize“最大化”可知，对于学习来说，提高效率非常重要，为了效率的最大化，50分钟的时间应该是“最适合的”或者“最佳的”。B项“最佳的”符合文意。故选B项。
16．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“So how do these students achieve this goal? To understand their way to success, consider the following simple formula: work achieved = time spent * intensity of focus. (那么这些学生是如何实现这一目标的呢？要了解他们的成功之道，可以考虑下面这个简单的公式：完成的工作量等于花费的时间乘以专注的强度。)”和最后一段“Pseudo-working features a very low intensity of focus. Therefore, to achieve something by pseudo-working. you need to spend a lot of time. The straight-A approach. on the other hand, increases intensity in order to use less time.(伪学习的特点是聚焦强度很低。因此，通过伪学习来达到目的，你需要花很多时间。而全A学生的学习方法是增加聚焦强度以减少时间。)”可知，作者并不支持“伪学习”，作者更加支持通过减少时间增加专注度的方法，故推测作者列出公式是为了强调“专注强度”的重要性。故选C项。