2023合肥高三下学期第一次教学质量检测（一模）英语试题含解析

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合肥市2023年高三第一次教学质量检测
英语试题
(考试时间：120分钟 满分:150分)
注意事项：
1. 答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上, 写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the man doing?
A. Borrowing books. B. Returning books. C. Buying books.
2. Where are the speakers?
A. At a hotel. B. At a bus stop. C. At the airport.
3. How does the woman sound?
A. Annoyed. B. Worried. C. Puzzled.
4. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Fellow workers. C. Teacher and student.
5. What are the speakers taking about?
A. How to sleep well. B. How to make tea. C. How to keep refreshed.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟;听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
6. Why does the man make the phone call?
A. To reschedule the appointment.
B. To ask about the test results.
C. To seek expert consultation.
7. When is the man going to meet the doctor?
A. On Tuesday morning.
B. On Thursday afternoon. C. On Friday morning.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Which of the following will the woman order?
A. Fish. B. Steak. C. Potatoes.
9. Why does the woman avoid desserts?
A. She hates sweet food.
B. She dislikes the flavor.
C. She cares about her figure.
10. How does the man feel about the service?
A. He is dissatisfied. B. He is confident. C. He is curious.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What color sweater does the man take?
A. Red. B. Blue. C. Black.
12. How much will the man pay?
A. $90. B. $100. C. $160.
13. How will the man pay?
A. In cash. B. By credit card. C. With a mobile device.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Who once worked in an animal shelter?
A. The man. B. The woman. C. The woman’s uncle.
15. What did the man do recently?
A. He went to visit a friend.
B. He attended an interview.
C. He called some animal keepers.
16. What does the woman think of the man’s job?
A. Very exciting. B. A bit difficult. C. Highly rewarding.
17. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A Take photos. B. Make a call. C. Write his story.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What do we know about Gerry?
A. He is left homeless.
B. He is kind-hearted.
C. He lives by collecting waste.
19. What does the speaker say about the house?
A. It is costly. B. It is huge. C. It is moveable.
20. What is the speaker mainly talking about?
A. Importance of recycling resources.
B. A story of helping people in need.
C. Ways of raising money for charity.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Robots are known as the future of technology. Robotics technology has just landed in the workplace and there is a lot of work to do. Below we’ll discuss some of the best and most advanced robots ever made by humans.
Asimo
The primary focus of the robot is to help people. Asimo travels all around the world, making people aware how robots can make life easier and help humans. It can dance, run and even kick a soccer ball. The robot can communicate with people in three different languages including Japanese, Chinese and English.
Created by: Honda (Japan)
Sophia
It is a realistic example of a perfect robot because it has about 50 different facial expressions just like humans. Sophia is primarily designed for education, research and entertainment. It travels throughout the world explaining to people the importance of robots in human life.
Created by: Hanson Robotics (Hong Kong, China)
Atlas
Its body shape is so dynamic that it can use its all body skills to move quickly and balance itself on diverse terrains (地形). The robot is capable of performing many different tasks but some favourite tasks are running, jumping and turnover movements. Its advanced AI systems make it capable of seeing barriers and negotiating through diverse terrains.
Created by: Boston Dynamics (United States)
Spot
Spot is an animal robot, or say a dog robot, because it looks very similar to a dog. Spot can search around your office, home, playground etc. as a normal dog usually does. Spot has some outstanding functions like it can map your environment, sense barriers, lift packages and more.
Created by: Boston Dynamics (United States)
1. Which of the following characterizes Asimo?
A. Its high speed. B. Its facial expressions.
C. Its language ability. D. Its communication skills.
2. Which robot is created by China?
A. Asimo. B. Sophia. C. Atlas. D. Spot.
3. What do Atlas and Spot have in common?
A. They can change their body shapes.
B. They can carry small packages.
C. They can help do some housework.
D. They can detect barriers around.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了目前人类发明的最先进的四个机器人。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Asimo”部分的“The robot can communicate with people in three different languages including Japanese, Chinese and English.(这个机器人可以用包括日语、汉语和英语在内的三种语言和人类交流)”可知，这种机器人的与其他机器人的不同之处是它的语言能力，故选C 项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Sophia”部分的“Created by: Hanson Robotics (Hong Kong, China)(由中国香港的汉森机器人公司制造)”可知，这个机器人由中国制造，故B 项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据 “Atlas”部分的“Its advanced AI systems make it capable of seeing barriers.(它的高级人工智能系统使得它能够看见障碍物)”以及“Spot”部分的“Spot has some outstanding functions like it can map your environment, sense barriers, lift packages and more.( Spot 有出色的了解你周围的环境信息、感知障碍物、举起包裹等功能)”可知，这两个机器人的相同之处在于能探测周围的障碍物，故选D 项。
B
A Malawian woman, Gloria Majiga-Kamoto, was recently awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize for Africa — the world’s leading award for grassroots environmental activists.
Gloria Majiga-Kamoto was then working for a local environmental organization with a program that gave goats to rural farmers, who would use the goat waste to produce low-cost, high-quality organic fertilizer (肥料). The problem? The thin plastic bags covering the Malawian countryside. “We have this very common street food, chiwaya, which is salty and served in little blue plastics,” Majiga-Kamoto says. “Goats eat the plastic for salty taste and they die because it blocks the ingestion (摄食) system.” For her, this was the moment when it all changed. All of a sudden, she started noticing how plastics were everywhere in the Malawian environment and food system-affecting people’s living and health.
“I remember back in the day when we’d go to the market and buy things like fish, you’d get it in newspapers,” the 30-year-old says. But thin plastics took off in the last decade or so as new producers sprung up in Malawi, selling products like thin plastic bags at cheap prices. In fact, the Malawian government decided to ban the importation, production and distribution of single-use plastic in 2015. But before the ban could go into full effect, Malawi’s plastics-producing industry appealed to the country’s High Court against the ban, causing it to be suspended.
When Majiga-Kamoto and her fellow environmentalists heard about this, they were annoyed. She organized marches and rejected the plastic industry’s argument that the ban would hurt Malawi’s economy — and even debated with an industry spokesman on TV. Finally in 2019, Malawi’s High Court ruled in favor of the ban. The following year, the government began closing down illegal plastic producers.
Michael Sutton, executive director of the Goldman Environmental Foundation, said, “Majiga-Kamoto’s fight with the plastic industry is a perfect example of the spirit of the prize.”
4. What made Majiga-Kamoto realize the problem?
A. Her experience with plastic-eating goats.
B. Her discovery of goat waste everywhere.
C. Her doubt about the safety of street food.
D. Her care for the farmers living in poverty.
5. What can we learn about Malawi?
A. It used to be extremely rich in fish.
B. It advocated using thin plastic bags.
C. It failed to ban single-use plastic at first.
D. It relied heavily on the plastic industry.
6. What was the purpose of Majiga-Kamoto’s acts in Paragraph 4?
A To put the ban into effect.
B. To support the government.
C. To back the plastic industry up.
D. To promote Malawi’s economy.
7. Which of the following best describes Majiga-Kamoto?
A. Humble. B. Generous. C. Patient. D. Committed.
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了马拉维女士Gloria Majiga Kamoto最近被授予高盛非洲环境奖，这是世界上对草根环境活动家的最高奖项，并详细讲述了她对于马拉维塑料禁令的颁布和执行所作出的努力。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“‘Goats eat the plastic for salty taste and they die because it blocks the ingestion system.’ For her, this was the moment when it all changed. All of a sudden, she started noticing how plastics were everywhere in the Malawian environment and food system-affecting people’s living and health.(“山羊吃塑料是为了吃咸味，因为塑料堵塞了消化系统而死亡。”对她来说，这一刻一切都变了。突然间，她开始注意到塑料在马拉维的环境和食品系统中无处不在，影响着人们的生活和健康)”可知，在了解到山羊因食用塑料而死亡的这一时刻，她意识到了马拉维的环境和食品中的塑料问题。故选A项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“In fact, the Malawian government decided to ban the importation, production and distribution of single-use plastic in 2015. But before the ban could go into full effect, Malawi’s plastics-producing industry appealed to the country’s High Court against the ban, causing it to be suspended.(事实上，马拉维政府在2015年就决定禁止进口、生产和分销一次性塑料。但在禁令全面生效之前，马拉维的塑料生产行业向该国高等法院上诉反对禁令，导致禁令被暂停)”以及第四段内容“Finally in 2019, Malawi’s High Court ruled in favor of the ban. The following year, the government began closing down illegal plastic producers.(最终在2019年，马拉维高等法院裁定支持该禁令。第二年，政府开始关闭非法塑料生产商)”可知，马拉维政府曾在2015年决定颁布有关一次性塑料的禁令，但遭到了反对而被暂停，后在2020最终实现了相关禁令的推行。由此可知，它最初未能禁止一次性塑料。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容“When Majiga-Kamoto and her fellow environmentalists heard about this, they were annoyed. She organized marches and rejected the plastic industry’s argument that the ban would hurt Malawi’s economy — and even debated with an industry spokesman on TV. Finally in 2019, Malawi’s High Court ruled in favor of the ban.(当Majiga Kamoto和她的环保主义伙伴们听到这件事时，他们很恼火。她组织了游行，拒绝了塑料行业有关禁令会损害马拉维经济的说法，甚至在电视上与行业发言人进行了辩论。最终，2019年，马拉维高等法院裁定该禁令获得了支持)”可知，Majiga Kamoto和她的环保主义伙伴们的行为最终促进了马拉维高等法院对该禁令的支持。由此推知，Majiga行为的目的是为了促进该禁令的执行。故选A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容“When Majiga-Kamoto and her fellow environmentalists heard about this, they were annoyed. She organized marches and rejected the plastic industry’s argument that the ban would hurt Malawi’s economy—and even debated with an industry spokesman on TV. (当Majiga Kamoto和她的环保主义伙伴们听到这件事时，他们很恼火。她组织了游行，拒绝了塑料行业有关禁令会损害马拉维经济的说法，甚至在电视上与行业发言人进行了辩论。)”可知，Majiga为了“塑料禁令”的颁布和推行作出了非常多的努力。由此推知，她是一个尽心尽力的人。故选D项。
C
Honeybees understand that “nothing” can be “something” that has numerical meaning, showing that they have a primitive grasp of the concept of zero, according to a newly-published study in Science.
Previous experiments have shown that honeybees have some facility for numbers, because they were able to count landmarks (地标) as they searched around for a sweet reward. But in these tests, the insects couldn’t count very high-only to about four. Still, that made researchers in Australia and France want to explore what else the bees could do with numbers.
Scarlett Howard at RMIT University in Melbourne attracted bees to a wall where they were presented with two square cards. Each card had a different number of black symbols, such as dots or triangles. Howard trained one group of bees to understand that sugar water would always be located under the card with the least number of symbols. “They could come and see two circles versus (与. . . 相对) three circles, or four triangles versus one triangle,” she explains. The bees quickly learned to fly to the card with the fewest symbols,
But then they got another test, The researchers presented the bees with a card that had a single symbol and a blank card that had nothing on it. The bees seemed to understand that “zero” was less than one, because they flew toward the blank card more often than you’d expect if they were choosing at random. “When we showed them zero-versus six, they did that at a much higher level than zero versus one,” Howard says. “So what tells us is that they consider zero as an actual quantity along the number line.”
Aurore Avargues-Weber, a researcher with the University of Toulouse, points out even very young children have trouble understanding that zero is a number. “It’s easy for them to count ‘one, two, three, four,’ but zero, it’s not something to count,” she explains. What’s more, the brains of bees are incredibly tiny brains compared with the brains of humans. Even so, the bees can understand the abstract concept of an empty set and she says she found that very surprising.
8. What did the earlier studies find about bees?
A. They could fly higher than expected.
B. They could understand some numbers.
C. They could remember a reward well.
D. They could explore local landmarks.
9. What did bees learn to do in Howard’s first test?
A. Distinguish circles from triangles.
B. Draw various symbols on the cards.
C. Identify the smaller of the two numbers.
D. Locate sugar water with symbol shapes.
10. Why did bees fly to the blank card more frequently?
A. They were told the location of the reward.
B. They chose to do it thoroughly by chance.
C. They preferred the card with nothing on it.
D. They thought of zero as an actual number.
11. Why are young children mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. To argue that bees have a surprising memory.
B. To show that bees’ gift for numbers is amazing.
C. To explain that bees learn as well as young children.
D. To confirm that bees are smarter than young children.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章讲述了研究者们通过一系列的实验来测试蜜蜂对于数字的认知能力，惊奇地发现了蜜蜂对于零的概念有一个基本的理解。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Previous experiments have shown that honeybees have some facility for numbers, because they were able to count landmarks (地标) as they searched around for a sweet reward. ”（之前的实验表明，蜜蜂对数字有一定的能力，因为它们在四处寻找甜蜜的回报时，能够数出地标。）可知，之前的实验发现蜜蜂能够理解一些数字。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The bees quickly learned to fly to the card with the fewest symbols,”（蜜蜂很快学会了飞向符号最少的卡片。）可知，在Howard的第一个实验中，蜜蜂学会了识别数量较少的那组符号。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“So what tells us is that they consider zero as an actual quantity along the number line.”（所以这告诉我们，它们把零看作数轴上的一个实数。）可知，蜜蜂更加频繁地飞向那个空白的卡片是因为它们把零当作了一个实数。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Aurore Avargues-Weber, a researcher with the University of Toulouse, points out even very young children have trouble understanding that zero is a number. ”（图卢兹大学的研究员Aurore Avargues-Weber指出，即使是很小的孩子也很难理解零是一个数字。）和“Even so, the bees can understand the abstract concept of an empty set and she says she found that very surprising.”（即便如此，蜜蜂也能理解空集的抽象概念，她说她发现这非常令人惊讶。）及全段内容可知，作者提到小孩子对于零的理解能力，是为了显示蜜蜂对于数字的认知天赋令人惊讶。故选B。
D
Transport is undergoing a massive transformation so it can meet society’s demands for a low- carbon economy. Introducing electric vehicles (EV) and declining gasoline use are helping, but zero-carbon hydrogen can speed up both the transition (转变) and long-term decarbonization of transport.
In the US, transportation produces the largest share of all greenhouse gas emissions (排放) in the economy at 29%, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. More than 90% of transport fuel is petrol based, but if more vehicles used hydrogen, emissions of this kind would plummet.
However, hydrogen is not considered an ideal replacement for gasoline as an engine fuel for cars because it is harder to store safely. And while fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) that turn hydrogen into electricity can compete with EV performance-and even out-compete them on range and refill time, extra energy is needed to produce the hydrogen needed for fuel. Also, finding investment for storage, pipelines and fuel stations is still a challenge for many nations.
Currently, governments worldwide are backing green hydrogen projects to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in heavy industries like freight (货运), steel, and energy storage. But hydrogen transport will need rapid production methods to create the fuel needed for the world’s road fleet.
Thankfully, research is advancing all the time. Nanoscale (纳米级的) thin films are applied to improving the chemical process to rapidly harvest hydrogen from the seawater. The same technology has been successfully used in solar power devices with higher efficiency-to-cost rates. Since hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe and as seawater makes up about 96% of all water on Earth, there is a virtually limitless supply.
Even wastewater and solid waste can create green hydrogen. Researchers at Princeton University are using sunlight to separate hydrogen from industrial wastewater. Chemical plants that currently face high costs for cleaning wastewater could transform it into clean hydrogen supplies.
12. What does the underlined word “plummet” mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Stop. B. Decrease. C. Continue. D. Disappear.
13. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. Ways of storing hydrogen safely.
B. Benefits of fuel cell electric vehicles.
C. Challenges of using hydrogen as car fuel.
D. Differences between gasoline and hydrogen.
14. What makes it more efficient to get hydrogen from the ocean?
A. The application of solar power devices.
B. The method of identifying water elements.
C The invention. of the water transport system.
D. The use of the nanoscale thin-film technology.
15. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Clean Energy Hydrogen Ready to Take Off
B. Traditional Fuels Bound to Reach a Dead End
C. How We Can Generate Energy from Hydrogen
D. What the Future of Transportation May Be Like
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了清洁能源氢气的开发和利用情况。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“More than 90% of transport fuel is petrol based, but if more vehicles used hydrogen(超过90%的交通燃料是以汽油为基础的，但如果更多的车辆使用氢)”可知，如果使用氢气的话温室气体排放量会“下降”。由此可知，划线词的意思是“下降”。故选B项。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“However, hydrogen is not considered an ideal replacement for gasoline as an engine fuel for cars because it is harder to store safely.(然而，氢并不被认为是汽油作为汽车发动机燃料的理想替代品，因为氢更难安全储存)”和“Also, finding investment for storage, pipelines and fuel stations is still a challenge for many nations.(此外，为储存、管道和燃料站寻找投资对许多国家来说仍然是一个挑战)”可知，本段主要讲了使用氢作为汽车燃料的挑战。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的Thankfully, research is advancing all the time. Nanoscale (纳米级的) thin films are applied to improving the chemical process to rapidly harvest hydrogen from the seawater.(值得庆幸的是，研究一直在进步。纳米薄膜被应用于改善化学过程，以快速从海水中获取氢气)”可知，采用纳米级薄膜技术使得从海洋中获取氢气更有效。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Introducing electric vehicles (EV) and declining gasoline use are helping, but zero-carbon hydrogen can speed up both the transition (转变) and long-term decarbonization of transport.(引入电动汽车（EV）和减少汽油使用是有帮助的，但零碳氢可以加快交通的转型和长期脱碳)”及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了清洁能源氢气的开发和利用情况。由此可知，选项A“清洁能源氢准备起飞”适合用作文章标题。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When your child begins to beg for a pet, you may draw back at the thought of the additional responsibilities. Parents usually think of all the work and responsibility having a pet could bring about. ____16____
● Teach responsibility.
A family pet can help show children the importance of proper care in keeping their new friend happy and healthy.____17____ Give your child a sense of responsibility by having them help meet these needs, whether they feel like it that day or not.
● Encourage exercise.
If you’ve ever been forced to keep up with a young dog or cat, you know how tiring it can be!____18____ By encouraging your child to play with his or her pet, both of them will get the exercise they need to sleep soundly and live healthy and happy lives.
____19____
Teaching your child how to “play nice” with and show affection to another living being is an essential first step toward developing lifelong empathy (共情) for others. Learning how to be a good friend with a pet will teach one how to be more open and friendly to other people as well.
● Be practical.
While the benefits of pet ownership are clear, pets are definitely not for everybody. Raising pets requires a large amount of work and responsibility. You’d better make sure the whole family is aware of the requirement that come along with the pet. ____20____ It’s best to introduce the potential pet to your child before bringing him or her home to ensure that there is a healthy connection.
A. Treat others well.
B. Form a close bond with a friend.
C. Pets are great for helping "“break the ice”.
D. But you can use the pet’s energy to your advantage.
E. Also, some pets can be very aggressive with children.
F. All pets need to be fed, given fresh water, and exercised regularly.
G. However, allowing kids to keep a pet can teach you both some important lessons.
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. D 19. A 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了养宠物给孩子们带来的益处。
【16题详解】
设空句在第一段段末，应是具有承前启后的作用。结合前文“Parents usually think of all the work and responsibility having a pet could bring about.(父母通常会考虑养宠物可能带来的所有工作和责任。)”可知，主题为“允许孩子饲养宠物”，且后文“Teach responsibility.(教导责任。)”，“Encourage exercise.(鼓励锻炼。)”则讲到了允许孩子饲养宠物的好处，因此，设空句既要包含主题，也要对后文起到引领的作用。选项G“However, allowing kids to keep a pet can teach you both some important lessons.(然而，让孩子们养宠物可以给你们俩上一些重要的课。)”贴合主题，与前文构成转折关系，在句意上也引领了后文，符合分析。故选G项。
【17题详解】
根据后文“Give your child a sense of responsibility by having them help meet these needs, whether they feel like it that day or not.(让你的孩子帮助满足这些需求，让他们有责任感，无论他们当天是否愿意。)”中提及的“these needs”可推知，设空句应是提及了宠物们的需求。选项F“All pets need to be fed, given fresh water, and exercised regularly.(所有的宠物都需要喂食、饮用淡水和定期锻炼。)”阐述了具体的需求，且“need”符合词汇复现原则。故选F项。
【18题详解】
前文“If you’ve ever been forced to keep up with a young dog or cat, you know how tiring it can be!(如果你曾经被迫跟上一只年幼的狗或猫，你就知道这有多累!)”提及“你”已经知道饲养宠物的劳累，后文“By encouraging your child to play with his or her pet, both of them will get the exercise they need to sleep soundly and live healthy and happy lives.(通过鼓励你的孩子和他或她的宠物一起玩耍，他们两个都会得到所需的锻炼，从而睡得安稳，过上健康快乐的生活。)”则讲到“你”可以利用这种“劳累”和“锻炼”帮助孩子睡得好，且保持健康和快乐，由此可推知，设空句应是转折句。选项D“But you can use the pet’s energy to your advantage.(但你可以利用宠物的能量)”为转折句，在句意上“advantage”呼应后文“sleep sound and live healthy and happy lives”，符合分析。故选D项。
【19题详解】
设空为该段小标题，应是主旨句。根据后文关键词“an essential first step toward developing lifelong empathy for others(这是培养终身对他人的同理心必不可少的第一步)”，“Learning how to be a good friend with a pet will teach one how to be more open and friendly to other people as well.(学习如何与宠物成为好朋友，也会教会一个人如何对他人更加开放和友好。)”可知，该部分主要强调了饲养宠物有助于帮助孩子友好对待他人。选项A“Treat others well.(善待他人。)”贴合该段主旨。故选A项。
【20题详解】
根据该段小标题“Be practical.(实事求是。)”可知，该段强调饲养宠物的客观事实，因此，设空句应涉及“事实”，且对比前文讲到的好处，那么设空句应讲到“不好”。选项E“Also, some pets can be very aggressive with children.(此外，一些宠物对孩子也很有攻击性。)”讲述了宠物有可能具有攻击性这一事实，符合分析。故选E项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’ve had a string of bad luck lately. Last week my washing machine broke. I planned to fix it myself but soon ____21____ the repairs would cost more than a new one would. Then this week the ____22____ thing happened to my daughter’s washing machine! This time I ____23____ called a friend to help. Once again, however, it was broken beyond ____24____. I ended up having to ____25____ two. While both the new machines got delivered quickly, I still ____26____ about what I was going through in my heart.
The moment I did, my ____27____ traveled back to when I was a child, I saw my grandma ____28____ an old-fashioned washing machine with my jeans and shirts. It didn’t have a spin dryer (甩干机) inside so she had to put each item through a pair of rollers to ____29____the water. When the washing was done, she’d often pat the machine ____30____. She had grown up hand-washing clothes and was ____31____ for the machine that did so much of the work for her.
Remembering this helped me realize that I was looking at things in the ____32____ way. I was getting ____33____ in the inconveniences of modern life instead of being thankful for all I have. The good old days had their share of ____34____ and joys. And so do the good new days. What ____35____ is how we live them and what we can learn from them.
21. A. regretted B. remembered C. denied D. appreciated
22. A. usual B. same C. funny D. amazing
23. A. even B. still C. ever D. already
24. A. recognition B. control C. repair D. compare
25. A. sell B. order C. return D. fix
26. A. lied B. cared C. complained D. argued
27. A. memory B. dream C. doubt D. fear
28. A. covering B. decorating C. loading D. equipping
29. A. purify B. remove C. hold D. absorb
30. A. firmly B. hurriedly C. wildly D. lovingly
31. A. grateful B. eager C. sorry D. responsible
32. A. ideal B. proper C. wrong D. traditional
33. A. carried away B. caught up C. turned down D. taken over
34. A. purposes B. duties C. excuses D. struggles
35. A. matters B. remains C. works D. happens
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过自己的经历告诉我们，要对所拥有的一切心存感激，且重要的是我们如何生活，以及我们能从中学到什么。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我本打算自己修，但很快就明白了修理比买一个新的要贵。A. regretted遗憾；B. remembered记得；C. denied否认；D. appreciated明白。根据下文“the repairs would cost more than a new one would(修理比买一个新的要贵得多)”可知，此处指作者很快“明白了”这个道理。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后这周同样的事情发生在我女儿的洗衣机上！A. usual通常的；B. same相同的；C. funny有趣的；D. amazing令人惊讶的。根据下文“my daughter’s washing machine(我女儿的洗衣机)”可知，此处指“同样的”事情发生在女儿的洗衣机上。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这次我甚至叫了一个朋友来帮忙。A. even甚至；B. still仍旧；C. ever曾经；D. already已经。根据下文“called a friend to help(叫朋友来帮忙)”可知，此处用程度副词even表示“甚至”符合语境。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，它又一次坏得无法修理。A. recognition承认；B. control控制；C. repair修理；D. compare比较。分析句意再根据空格前的beyond可知，此处用repair，构成固定短语beyond repair表示“无法修理”符合语境。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后我不得不预定了两个。A. sell卖；B. order预订；C. return归还；D. fix修理。根据上文第4题的分析可知，洗衣机坏得无法修理，所以不得不预定两个新洗衣机。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然两台新机器都很快交付，但我仍然在抱怨我内心所经历的一切。A. lied平躺；B. cared照料；C. complained抱怨；D. argued争论。根据下文“what I was going through in my heart(我心里所经历的一切)”可知，此处指“抱怨”所经历的一切。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我这样做的时候，我的记忆回到了我小时候，我看到奶奶把我的牛仔裤和衬衫装进一台老式洗衣机里。A. memory记忆；B. dream梦想；C. doubt怀疑；D. fear恐惧。分析句意再根据空格后的traveled back可知，此处指“记忆”回到了小时候。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. covering覆盖；B. decorating装饰；C. loading装进；D. equipping装备。根据下文jeans and shirts可知，此处指把牛仔裤和衬衫“装进”洗衣机。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：里面没有烘干机，所以她必须把每件东西通过一对滚轮来去除水分。A. purify净化；B. remove除去；C. hold抓住；D. absorb吸收。分析句意再根据空格后的the water可知，此处指用一对滚轮烘干衣服，即“除去”水分。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：洗完衣服后，她经常亲切地拍拍洗衣机。A. firmly牢固地；B. hurriedly匆忙地；C. wildly野生地；D. lovingly亲切地。根据下文“She had grown up hand-washing clothes(她是手洗衣服长大的)”可知，奶奶对洗衣机应该是很爱护的，所以此处指“亲切地”拍拍洗衣机。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她从小就手洗衣服，很感激这台洗衣机为她做了这么多工作。A. grateful感激的；B. eager渴望的；C. sorry抱歉的；D. responsible负责的。根据下文“the machine that did so much of the work for her(那台替她干了很多活的机器)”可知，洗衣机干了很多活儿，所以此处指奶奶很“感激”这台洗衣机。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：记住这一点，我意识到我看待问题的方式是错误的。A. ideal理想的；B. proper合适的；C. wrong错误的；D. traditional传统的。根据下文“instead of being thankful for(而不是感激)”可知，此处指以一种“错误的”方式看待问题。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我被现代生活的种种不便所困，而没有对我所拥有的一切心存感激。A. carried away带走；B. caught up困住；C. turned down拒绝；D. taken over接管。分析句意再根据空格后的in可知，此处用固定短语caught up in表示“被困在”种种不便中。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：过去的美好时光有艰难，也有欢乐。A. purposes目的；B. duties职责；C. excuses借口；D. struggles斗争。根据上文第6题的分析和文章第二段中作者对小时候的回忆可知，过去的时光中有“艰难”也有快乐。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：重要的是我们如何生活，以及我们能从中学到什么。A. matters要紧，有关系；B. remains留下；C. works起作用；D. happens发生。分析句意再根据下文的“how we live(我们如何生活)”可知，此处指“重要的是”我们如何生活。故选A项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Smart cities may have their own unique objectives but ____36____ they have in common is an understanding that Internet of Things technologies can improve efficiency and quality of life.
Indeed, smart city apps have shown they can help a city contain the spread of a pandemic (大流 行病), helping to turn the economy from decrease to ____37____ (grow). We have seen some smart city apps in many parts of China.
A popular payment app in China has developed a smart system which ____38____(call) the Health Code. It uses red yellow, or green symbols ____39____ (identify) whether a person is potentially a high- risk candidate. The smart system began as one of the functions of the payment app, a function which was ____40____(original) intended for the app’s staff in China, and later developed as a national standard function in some popular apps. Now the smart system, the Health Code, has a new function which ____41____ (indicate) whether a person can enter public places through analyzing the data ____42____ (collect) to see whether that person has had contact with those who have picked up a pandemic disease. The Health Code has avoided the need to over-tighten social distancing measures that could result ____43____ a huge economic loss while at the same time picking out possible infection ____44____ (case), and it’s managed to reduce infection rates in cities _____45_____ it has been used.
【答案】36. what
37. growth 38. is called
39. to identify
40. originally
41. indicates
42. collected
43. in 44. cases
45. where
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了中国开发的一款名为“健康码”的智能系统。
【36题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：智慧城市可能有自己独特的目标，但它们的共同点是都理解物联网技术可以提高效率和生活质量。分析可知，此处引导主语从句，从句中动词缺少宾语，应用连接代词what引导，指代事物，作动词have的宾语。故填what。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：事实上，智能城市应用程序已经证明，它们可以帮助城市控制大流行的传播，帮助经济从衰退转向增长。根据前文from decrease to可知，此处应用名词growth(不可数)作介词的宾语。故填growth。
【38题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：中国一款流行的支付应用开发了一款名为“健康码”的智能系统。本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时，谓语动词call和主语之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态。定语从句中的主语which指代单数名词，主谓一致，故填is called。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它使用红色、黄色或绿色的符号来识别一个人是否是潜在的高风险候选人。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，use sth to do sth是习惯用法。故填to identify。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：该智能系统最初是支付应用程序的功能之一，该功能最初是为中国应用程序的工作人员设计的，后来在一些流行的应用程序中发展成为国家标准功能。修饰动词用副词。故填originally。
【41题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：现在智能系统“健康码”增加了一项新功能，即通过分析收集到的数据，判断此人是否与传染病患者有过接触，从而判断此人是否可以进入公共场所。根据句意可知，本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时。定语从句中的主语which指代单数名词a new function，主谓一致，故填indicates。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：现在智能系统“健康码”增加了一项新功能，即通过分析收集到的数据，判断此人是否与传染病患者有过接触，从而判断此人是否可以进入公共场所。非谓语动词collect和前文名词data之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作后置定语。故填collected。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：《卫生法典》避免了过度收紧可能导致巨大经济损失的社会距离措施，同时挑选出可能的感染病例，并成功降低了使用该法典的城市的感染率。result in“导致，结果是”是固定搭配，符合句意。故填in。
【44题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：《卫生法典》避免了过度收紧可能导致巨大经济损失的社会距离措施，同时挑选出可能的感染病例，并成功降低了使用该法典的城市的感染率。根据句意可知，此处可数名词case为复数概念，零冠词可数名词复数表泛指。故填cases。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：《卫生法典》避免了过度收紧可能导致巨大经济损失的社会距离措施，同时挑选出可能的感染病例，并成功降低了使用该法典的城市的感染率。分析可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为cities，关系副词where引导从句，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华。你校开设了乒乓球培训班，请给来自加拿大的交换生Jeff写封邮件邀请他一起参加，内容包括：
1. 写信目的;
2. 课程安排;
3. 报名方式。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jeff,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jeff,
To enrich our school life, a table tennis training class is opened in our school. I’m more than delighted to invite you to come and join us.
As scheduled, the class will last a semester, starting from March 3. There will be one class at 4 pm every Friday with a period of 45 minutes. Besides, the class is suitable for students of different levels. Anyone who is interested in it can sign up in Room 304 before Feb. 25. So don’t miss the deadline!
I do hope you can come and enjoy the charm of playing table tennis. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用写一封邀请信，邀请交换生Jeff参加乒乓球培训班，内容包括：写信目的、课程安排和报名方式。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted → pleased
此外：besides → what’s more
学期：semester→term
不同的：different→ various
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I do hope you can come and enjoy the charm of playing table tennis.
拓展句：I do hope you can attend the class where you will enjoy the charm of playing table tennis.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Anyone who is interested in it can sign up in Room 304 before Feb. 25.（运用了who引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】As scheduled, the class will last a semester, starting from March 3. （运用了省略句和非谓语动词作状语）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Sam, Wayne and Tim were three men in their 60s, jamming in the same dusty old garage where they used to play music when they were in high school. They chatted up after ages, remembering the school days when they would take to the stage and play together as a band.
Wayne looked around, wide-eyed. “It’s been more than 40 years since we practised here.”
“Yes! And remember how we promised to keep in touch and play together once a week?” Tim laughed. “Sam, remember our brilliant plans?”
“Ah yes! We thought we were inseparable! Now, look at us! Old and wrinkled, joints hurting, meeting at each other’s grandkids’ weddings… we’re terrible at keeping in touch, except Will, of course. He was always calling and messaging. Where is Will? He’s the guy who planned this,” Sam smiled.
Just then, the three men’s phones buzzed (嗡嗡地响), and the message they received made their hearts sink. It was a message from Jenny, Will’s wife. Wayne rushed to his car, and the others followed. A short drive later, the three men knocked on the door of Will’s house and tried to wait patiently.
Jenny looked almost unrecognizably pale and told them that Will was taking a nap. The medicines made him all weak. It moved the three men to tears to see their fourth band member in such poor health.
And that day, they found out the whole story of Will’s illness. Will’s heart condition was serious, and it had been worsening over the past few months. The doctor said only a surgery could help. But it was going to cost at least $15,000. And after all the previous treatments, Will and Jenny didn’t have that kind of money anymore. Jenny said the doctors had given Will 6 months, bursting into helpless tears. The three men comforted her and wiped their own tears. “Money isn’t an issue,” Sam said as an idea came to him.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The next day the three men brought their instruments to the busy street corner.
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Will was finally admitted to hospital three months later.
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【答案】The next day the three men brought their instruments to the busy street corner. They set up the sound, a stand with the band name “Playing for Will” and a big stack of flyers to hand out. The men stood there for hours, playing song after song from the golden era of music. They were still perfect together, except for Will’s soulful voice that was missing. Although they were very busy, they were very happy to think of collecting money for Will.
Will was finally admitted to hospital three months later. With enough money, they paid for Will’s life-saving surgery. The doctors were highly qualified and the surgery was very successful. Will soon recovered smoothly. Will and Jenny were very grateful to their three friends. After that, there was another jamming session at the same dusty old garage. Only this time, there weren’t just three happy old men reminiscing the old days; there were all four. It seemed like yesterday once more.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一个原有四人的乐队，队员们都60多岁了。其中三个人Sam、Wayne和Tim得知Will生病了，并且没有经济能力做康复手术。他们三个人想办法，搞了演唱募捐活动，救助Will的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“第二天，三个人带着他们的乐器来到繁忙的街角。”可知，第一段可描写三个人进行募捐活动。
②由第二段首句内容“三个月后，Will终于住进了医院。”可知，第二段可描写Will得到成功救助，他们又一起相聚。
2.续写线索：设置场地——演唱——快乐——支付——康复——感谢
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.设置：set up/put up
②.康复：recover/recure
情绪类
①.快乐：happy/delighted
②. 感谢：show their gratitude/be grateful
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. The men stood there for hours, playing song after song from the golden era of music. (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2]. Although they were very busy, they were very happy to think of collecting money for Will. (由although引导的让步状语从句及动名词作宾语)
听力答案：1-5 BCAAC 6-10 ACBCA 11-15 BACAB 16-20 BABCB