高中英语高考2022届外研版（2019）高中英语一轮复习课堂练习33 ：选择性必修3 Unit 3　War and peace Word版含解析

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选择性必修第三册　Unit 3　War and peace

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ. 语法填空

A

The story tells of a woman who during the war went to live with her husband in camp on the Mojave Desert. She 1. ________ (simple) hated the place. The heat was almost 2. ________ (bearable), 125 degrees in the shade. The wind 3. ________ (blow) continually, and there was sand everywhere. At the beginning, she just tolerated it and expected to leave as early as possible.

Finally, in desperation she wrote to her parents in Ohio that she couldn't stand 4. ________ (live) there for another minute and was coming home.

Quickly came the reply by airmail from her father — just the two familiar lines: “Two men looked out from prison bars... one man saw the mud, while 5. ________ other man saw stars.”

The daughter did some real thinking, not only with the intelligence but also with her heart. She decided 6. ________ (stick) to her post.

Making 7. ________ (friend) with the natives, she learned to love the country, and eventually wrote a book 8. ________ was based on her experiences in the country.

The desert didn't change, 9. ________ her attitude changed. Because she listened with her heart 10. ________ the words her father sent, a whole new world opened up to her.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在战争期间一个女人和她的丈夫一起住在莫哈韦沙漠的营地里的故事。

1. simply　考查副词。设空处修饰动词hated，应用副词形式，所以填simply。

2. unbearable　考查形容词。根据上文句子中的“hated the place”和后面的“125 degrees”可知，这里的温度令人难以忍受。设空处作be动词后的表语，用形容词，所以填unbearable。

3. blew　考查动词的时态。根据上下文的语境可知，设空处应用一般过去时，表示动作发生在过去，所以填blew。

4. living　考查固定搭配。can't/couldn't stand doing sth.“不能忍受做某事”，是固定搭配，所以填living。

5. the　考查冠词。由于上文提到了“two men”，所以此处指“两者中的另一个”，应用the other表示，故填the。

6. to stick　考查固定搭配。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，是固定搭配，所以填to stick。

7. friends　考查固定搭配。make friends “交朋友”，是固定搭配，所以填friends。

8. that/which　考查定语从句。此处用关系代词that或which指代先行词a book，并在定语从句中作主语，所以填that/which。

9. but　考查连词。沙漠没有改变，但是她的态度改变了，此处用but表示转折。

10. to　考查固定搭配。listen to“听从”，是固定搭配，所以填to。

B

Jingdezhen porcelain (瓷器) is Chinese porcelain produced in or near Jingdezhen in southern China. Jingdezhen has produced porcelain 1. ________(century) ago. And the town 2. ________ was named Jingdezhen by Emperor Zhenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty became a major kiln (窑) site around 1004. During the period, the 3. ________(produce) of porcelain in this area first became 4. ________(know). By the 14th century it had become the largest centre of producing Chinese porcelain, which remained in the following times. In the Ming Dynasty, official kilns in Jingdezhen 5. ________(control) by the emperor, making quality porcelain in large quantities for the emperor to give abroad as gifts. As a result, the town was 6. ________(close) linked to the world.

Although being a remote town in a hilly area, Jingdezhen is near the quality porcelain stone and forests which can provide plenty of wood for the kilns. It also has 7. ________ river flowing from north to south, 8. ________(benefit) the transport of the fragile objects.

Jingdezhen has produced a great variety of 9. ________(value) porcelain. As a result, the town is famous 10. ________ the “Porcelain Capital”. One type of its well­known high quality porcelain is the blue and white porcelain from the 1330s.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了景德镇的历史和景德镇瓷器的生产、地理位置及产品等信息。

1. centuries　考查名词的单复数。根据句意“景德镇在数个世纪以前就开始生产瓷器了”可知，此处应该填复数centuries。故填centuries。

2. which/that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，句子的主干是“the town became a major kiln (窑) site around 1004”。the town指物，作先行词，在定语从句中作主语，后接which或that引导的限制性定语从句，故填which/that。

3. production　考查名词。根据本空前的the可知用名词。故填production。

4. known　考查过去分词。此处是“变得被知道，变得知名起来”的意思，故填known。

5. were controlled　考查被动语态。control“控制”，而官窑不可能自己控制自己，只能由另外的人，比如此处的皇帝控制。与主语official kilns一致，故填were controlled。

6. closely　考查副词。close“紧密的，靠近的”，修饰动词时要用其副词形式作状语，故填closely。

7. a　考查不定冠词。根据上下文可知，本段讲述的是景德镇的地理位置优越，它还有一条河流从北边流向南边。此处表示泛指，且river以辅音音素开头，故填a。

8. benefiting　考查现在分词。主语和动词benefit之间是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语，故填benefiting。

9. valuable　考查形容词。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词porcelain，故填valuable。

10. as　考查介词。be famous as... 表示“作为……出名”，为固定搭配。故填as。

Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子

1. 东南部雨量充足，而东北部则很少下雨。(while)

There's plenty of rain in the southeast, while there's little rain in the northeast.

2. 有如此多的人来帮助他， 他一定会成功的。(独立主格结构)

So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.

3. 在他这个榜样的带动下，成百上千的人都加入到了我们的工作。(过去分词短语作状语)

Inspired by his example, hundreds of people volunteered to join us.

4. 难怪孩子们很兴奋，这是他们第一次出国。(主语从句)

It's no wonder that the children are excited — this is the first time they've been abroad.

5. 莎拉赶到了机场，正好及时赶上了今天早上的飞机。(make it)

Sarah made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

As we all know, the war is an ancient custom which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always evil and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it. Modern skill has changed this. Either man will stop war, or war will stop man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the greatest danger, but bacteriological (细菌学的) or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? If we succeeded in stopping war, there would be no danger for us. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not by contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in massacre (大屠杀), but by arbitration (仲裁) in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.

There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology (意识形态) would prevent war. I believe this to be a complete error. All ideologies are based upon beliefs without proof which are, at least, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Those people who believe them are willing to go to war in support of them.

The movement of world opinion during the past two years has changed very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a common belief that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course, very difficult problems remain in the international world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that agreements should be reached even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between East and West, but between Man and the Hi­tech bomb.

1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A. We may face greater threat from weapons.

B. Nuclear weapons are worst of all.

C. Man's idea of victory has changed.

D. Dangerous weapons are forbidden nowadays.

2. The author of the passage believe that ________．

A. it is impossible to live without war

B. differences between East and West will lead to war

C. war will be stopped by modern skill

D. war must be stopped if man wants to survive

3. Which is the only way to stop war according to the author?

A. To stop nuclear weapons.

B. To settle international issues through agreements.

C. To destroy bacteriological and chemical weapons.

D. To let the stronger side take over the world.

4. We can infer from the last paragraph that ________.

A. nuclear war will definitely not take place

B. real agreements have been reached now

C. world opinion is still divided on nuclear war

D. man is beginning to realise that nuclear war is the greatest enemy

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。人类面临核生化武器的威胁，开始意识到核战争是人类最大的敌人。因此，人类解决争端的思维模式已经发生了转变，不是靠武力，而是靠协商解决。

1. A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the greatest danger, but bacteriological (细菌学的) or chemical weapons may”可知，未来生化武器可能给人类带来更大的威胁，故A项正确。

2. D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“If we succeeded in stopping war, there would be no danger for us.”可知，人类面临核生化武器的威胁，只有避免战争才能消除武器对人类的威胁，也就是人类要想生存必须避免战争，故D项正确。

3. B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not by contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in massacre (大屠杀), but by arbitration (仲裁) in accordance with agreed principles of law.”可知，要想避免战争，人类要摒弃通过武力解决问题的方法，而要按照法律原则进行仲裁，也就是通过协议来解决国际问题，故B项正确。

4. D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between East and West, but between Man and the Hi­tech bomb.”可知，人类开始认识到最大的冲突不是来自东西方，而是来自人类与高科技武器，也就是人类意识到核战争才是人类最大的敌人，故D项正确。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

(2020·山东师大附中4月模拟)When I entered Berkeley, I hoped to earn a scholarship. Having been a straight A student, I believed I could   1   tough subjects and really learn something. One such course was World Literature given by Professor Jayne. I was extremely interested in the ideas he   2   in class.

When I took the first exam of this subject, I was   3   to find a 77, C plus, on my test paper. I went to Professor Jayne, who listened to my arguments but remained   4  . I decided to try harder, and I read the books more carefully, but got another 77 again. I   5   with Professor Jayne. Again, he listened patiently but wouldn't change his   6  ．

One more test before the final exam, one more chance to improve my grade. So I redoubled my effort and, for the first time   7   the meaning of the word “thorough”. But my efforts were no good and everything   8   as before.

The last hurdle (难关) was the final exam. No matter what   9   I got, it wouldn't cancel three C pluses. I might as well kiss the   10   goodbye.

I stopped working hard. I felt I knew the course material as well as I ever would. The night before the final exam, I even   11   myself to a movie. The next day I decided for once I'd have   12   with a test. A week later, I was surprised to find I got an A. I hurried into Professor Jayne's office. He   13   to be expecting me. “If I gave you the As you   14  ， you wouldn't continue to work hard.”

I stared at him   15   that his analysis and strategy (策略) were correct.

I was speechless when my course grade arrived: A plus. The next year I received my scholarship. I always remembered professor Jayne's lesson: you alone must set your own standard of excellence.

1. A. take B. discuss C. cover D. get

2. A. sought B. presented C. exchanged D. obtained

3. A. shocked B. worried C. scared D. anxious

4. A. unchanged B. unpleasant C. unfriendly D. unmoved

5. A. quarrelled B. reasoned C. bargained D. chatted

6. A. attitude B. mind C. plan D. view

7. A. memorised B. considered C. accepted D. learned

8. A. stayed B. went C. worked D. changed

9. A. grade B. answer C. lesson D. comment

10. A. scholarship B. course C. degree D. subject

11. A. helped B. favoured C. treated D. relaxed

12. A. fun B. luck C. problems D. tricks

13. A. happened B. proved C. pretended D. seemed

14. A. valued B. imagined C. expected D. welcomed

15. A. remembering B. guessing C. supposing D. realising

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过叙述自己在Jayne教授所教的科目下，努力争取A＋并最终获得奖学金的故事告诉我们：我们需要自己设定优秀的标准。

1. A　根据下文中的“subjects”可推断，此处表示可以选修较难的科目。

2. B　根据下文中的“in class”和上文中的“the ideas”可推断，此处指的是老师在课堂上所提出的观点，是作者非常感兴趣的，因此作者选修了这门课程。

3. A　第一段讲作者对自己信心满满，第二段提到第一次考试后，作者意外地发现自己竟然只得了77分，所以非常吃惊。

4. D　根据上文中的“but”和下文内容可知，教授不为所动，没有改变给我的分数。

5. B　作者再次得了77分，于是再次去找教授理论。reason with sb.“与某人讲道理”。

6. B　句意：他又一次耐心地听着，但不愿改变自己的主意。

7. D　作者第一次学到什么叫“彻底”了。

8. B　根据上文“my efforts were no good”可知，作者的努力没有用，跟以前一样，没有改变。

9. A　根据下文“three C pluses”可知此处指的是成绩。

10. A　根据第一段中的“to earn a scholarship”和最后一段中的“I received my scholarship”可知，这里是指作者以为自己拿不到奖学金了。

11. C　句意：在期末考试的前一天晚上，我甚至请自己去看了电影。treat sb. to sth.意为“用……招待；以……款待”。

12. A　根据上文考前请自己看电影可知，作者决定把考试当作一种乐趣。

13. D　根据语境可知，一周后，作者惊喜地发现自己居然得了A，就跑去找教授，发现教授好像正在等他来。

14. C　根据下文“you wouldn't continue to work hard”并结合上文内容可知，教授的想法是如果自己一开始就给了作者所期望的成绩A，作者就不会这么努力付出了。

15. D　下文“his analysis and strategy (策略) were correct”是作者意识到的东西。此处表示作者盯着教授，这时才真正明白了教授的用心。

Ⅲ. 概要写作

(2020·浙江省“五校联考”)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

These days our society develops rapidly and people tend to rush. It appears that people have got used to being in a hurry. However, it's better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done.

The main reason that convinces us to be against doing work in a hurry is the possibility of doing wrong in a rush. When people do their jobs or take action in a hurry, they can't make a sound decision and probably regret later. As the saying goes, “Haste makes waste.” We should think carefully before making a decision and do our work less quickly. We should not make mistakes by doing work hurriedly.

Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better. For example, taking a train to some place certainly will take more time than taking a plane. However, it allows people to fully enjoy the beautiful scenery along the way. On the contrary, being in a hurry will make us lose chances of enjoying our lives.

Finally, slower life pace provides better health condition for us. As is known to all, taking action in a hurry bothers people and raises their stress. People think if they are not in a hurry, they will become a loser and that annoys them. But being in a hurry can hurt people both physically and mentally (精神上地). According to some studies, people who have a slower pace suffer fewer diseases, tend to be happier and live much longer than those whose life is tense, even if the former finish jobs more slowly than the latter.

In short, working quickly will bring about more material benefits to make our society more advanced. Yet, much stress can't bring enjoyment, friends and health, which are much more important than money and other material advantages. Therefore, take your time and live your life at a slower pace.

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【参考范文】

Despite being accustomed to the fast pace of modern society, people are recommended to lead a slower life. Firstly, slowing down lowers the possibility of committing errors by comprehensive thinking. Secondly, more opportunities to enjoy life are allowed by a slower pace. Lastly, better physical and mental condition is also what a slower life brings. Therefore, let's take a slower life from now on.