2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习专题三完形填空先完义再完形第三讲巧取语篇层次题和规避5大易错点智取完形拉分题课件

这是一份2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习专题三完形填空先完义再完形第三讲巧取语篇层次题和规避5大易错点智取完形拉分题课件，共40页。PPT课件主要包含了图解技巧，名师点津等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、巧取语篇层次题语篇层次是最高的考点层次，也是学生拉分题，此类试题需要阅读全篇， 站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确的答案。
经典感悟●[典例]　　[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷] My life as a tax­paying emplyed persn began in middle schl, when, fr three whle days, I wrked in a baking factry.My best friend Betsy's father was a manager at Hugh Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 41.made little bunny (兔子) cakes fr all its 42.stres thrughut Cleveland. It happened that the plant dwntwn needed eight kids fr __43__ help during ur spring break，fr which I had n 44.plans beynd listening t my favrite recrds. I'd 45.earn minimum wage. 43．A.generus　　　　　　B．financialC．technical D．temprary
解析：　根据首句中的“in middle schl”和“fr three whle days”可推知，作者是短期打工， 再结合空后的“during ur spring break”可知。 此处表示春假期间，市中心的工厂需要临时找八个孩子来帮忙。
答题微点●1．解题依据：完形填空的题眼往往出现在文章的开头。通过把握首句，可以确定文章的主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等，从而把握文章的发展方向，达到顺利“入题”的目的。
技法2　利用文章发展脉络解题
经典感悟●[典例]　[2022·全国甲卷]Yu can tell a lt abut a man by hw he treats his next week we 47.walked ur dgs tgether. It was a ht day. When we paused t catch ur 48.breath,__Steve gt dwn n ne knee. Was he prpsing (求婚)? I liked him t, but s 49.sn？He pured water frm a bttle int his hand and ffered it t my dgs. 50.In__that__mment，I began t fall fr
A year later, much t my 58.delight,__this man prduced a little bx with a ring and prpsed t me. He did nt kneel (跪) dwn, nr did I 59.need him t. That's nly fr giving __60__ t the dgs that brught us tgether.60．A.tys B．awardsC．fd D．water
解析：此处呼应第三段中的“He pured my began t fall fr him”可知，此处指下跪只是为了给把作者和史蒂夫带到一起的狗喝水(water)。
答题微点●1．解题依据：叙事型完形填空文章在行文结构上往往包括：开端——故事发展——高潮——结局等不同情节，考生应梳理文章发展脉络，理清行文结构。2．解析：本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个观点：一个人如何对待他的狗，你就能判断这个人。根据下文可知，作者是一位动物爱好者，她的约会对象史蒂夫也是一位动物爱好者。在两人约会的过程中，史蒂夫喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打动了作者。一年之后，作者欣然接受了史蒂夫的求婚。
二、规避5大易错点智取完形拉分题高考担负着区分考生、选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有2～3道较难题目成为考生取得优异成绩的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点：①解题信息比较隐蔽；②干扰项迷惑性较强；③情感态度较难把握；④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，考生除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外，还应谨慎小心应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点，旨在让考生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而后判。
易错点1 因不能正确区分形/义近词(组)而错选完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词(组)或义近词(组)让考生辨析，因为形式相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果考生掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易选错。[典例]　[2021·全国甲卷]“I have 55.matured and I admit respnsibility fr my 56.actins，” he said in the letter. “I cme t yu, __57__， t aplgize fr the damage I had 58.indirectly caused and t ask yu t 59.recnsider my lifetime ban frm the htel.”57．A.hands in pckets　B．nse in the airC．hat in hand D．feet n the grund
解析：四个备选项在形式上非常相似，基本都是名词＋介词＋名词的词组，部分考生很容易因混淆而失分。本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据空后“ fr the damage”可推测作者的态度是谦卑的。 hat in hand恭敬地(乞求或请求); hands in pckets双手插兜；nse in the air目中无人；feet n the grund脚踏实地。考生如果完全掌握了这四个词组，很容易选出正确选项。
易错点2 因词汇理解障碍而错选在完形填空题的设题上，课标词汇中较为生僻的单词以及由课标词组成的较生僻的短语也逐渐出现在选项中。考生在备考时要对照课标词汇表查漏补缺， 多积累由课标词组成的生僻词汇， 做到课标词汇无遗漏。[典例1]　[2022·全国乙卷]Fr a lng time, this ineffective hiding methd was __44__ as evidence that children are hpelessly “egcentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But ur 45.surprising__research results in child develpmental psychlgy 46.cntradicted that idea.44．A.supprted B．guaranteedC．imagined D．interpreted
解析：本题考查语境推断。联系上下文可知，长久以来，儿童躲藏时只遮住自己眼睛的做法成了“儿童是极其以自我为中心的人”这一结论的证据。由本段最后一个词idea的提示也可推断，这只是人们的一种观点和理解方式。本题的选择难度在于interpreted “把……理解为”，对于同学们而言是一个相对陌生的词汇，一些考生可能因为词汇积累不够，又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。
[典例2]　[2022·全国乙卷]Fr a lng time, this ineffective hiding methd was interpreted as evidence that children are hpelessly “egcentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But ur 45.surprising research results in child develpmental psychlgy __46__ that idea.46．A.explained B．cnfirmedC．cntradicted D．tested
解析：根据语境可知，我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊奇的研究发现反驳了那个观点。本题的选择难度在于cntradicted “反驳”，对于同学们而言是一个相对陌生的词汇，因词汇理解障碍而失分。
易错点3 因不明一词多义和熟词生义而错选在最近几年的高考完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。[典例1]　[2021·浙江6月卷]My mther is 92. Unless I have t be ut f twn, each week I take my mther t d her 36.shpping and visit the dctr, prviding __37__ and transprtatin.37．A.reward B．medicineC．cmpany D．shelter
解析：句意：除非我必须出城，否则每周我都带我的妈妈去购物、看医生，提供陪伴和交通。由语境和常识可知，此处指陪伴。cmpany的含义较多，可表示“公司；剧团；陪伴；来宾”，考生在遇到多义词时要结合具体语境进行分析和判断。
[典例2]　[2021·全国乙卷]When she 53.reached ne nurse, she tried t press a five­pund nte int her hand. My clleague 54.refused t accept it, saying that we were all just 55.ding ur jb. The patient lked puzzled, and then 56.replied:__“Oh this isn't fr the 57.care I had. I take that as a __58__. N, this is fr setting my hair yesterday.”58．A.gal B．givenC．push D．greeting
解析：这位病人看上去很困惑，然后回答道：“哦，这钱不是因为我受到的照顾给的，我认为那理所当然。这钱是因为昨天帮我做头发给的。”given熟义的give的过去分词，此处用作名词，表示“可以肯定的基本事实”。given还可作介词，表示“鉴于，考虑到”。
易错点4 因惯性思维而错选 在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生产生一些思维定式，即不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，导致误解一些题目，从而抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：①学习单词时受到的思维定式影响：有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，只记忆中文意思，而不深刻理解实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。②学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响。
[典例]　[2021·天津3月卷]Fr Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing t d was __19__ his stlen bike.But when he went bike shpping, he fund few available, which gt him thinking：What if the 20.lack f bikes was COVID­19 related, and what if the persn wh'd taken his bike really needed 21.transprtatin t get t wrk?19．A.ride B．lckC．repair D．replace
解析：普鲁特作为热衷骑自行车的人，自行车被偷，他首先要做的应该是换一辆自行车，D项“replace”符合语境。 但考生受思维定式影响，可能看到后文的“bike”就下意识地以为选择ride a bike这个固定搭配，从而误选A项。
易错点5 因抓不住文章主线而错选完形填空的考查点依附于语篇， 而语篇具有连贯性，这就要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，读完全文后综合考虑再做判定。[典例]　[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]He bught a bk and was 53.surprised t find a picture f the artist Pierre Bnnard sitting n the same chair in the same __54__ as his father's painting.“That's the garden in ur picture，” Nicl's sn tld his father.54．A.rm B．kitchen C．hall D．garden
解析：由下文中“That's the garden in ur picture”的garden可知，尼科洛的儿子买的一本书中皮尔·波纳尔的图片中的椅子和花园跟尼科洛得到的画中是一模一样，这应该是让人惊讶的。
练重点练难点创新应用体验
Test 1[2022·沈阳市高三质量监测(一)]She was dancing. My disabled grandmther was dancing. I std in the living­rm drway abslutely __1__. I lked hw her bdy bent beautifully, her arms greeting the sunlight that was __2__ thrugh the windw. And her legs that had __3__ walked, aided with a walking stick as lng as I culd remember. Nw she was wearing beautiful dancing shes and her legs __4__ her perfectly.She turned arund and saw me standing in the drway. Her beautiful mvement ended s __5__ that it felt like being shaken awake frm a beautiful dream. Grandma lked s much like a kid __6__ with her hand in a ckie jar. Grandma sighed and gave me the whle stry.
1．A.astnished B．amused C．annyed D．ashamed2．A.sticking B．rising C．puring D．lifting3．A.rapidly B．inflexibly C．firmly D．freely4．A.beyed B．fllwed C．stretched D．pushed5．A.early B．slwly C．weakly D．suddenly6．A.beaten B．caught C．banned D．frgiven
语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事——为了爱情，祖母假装车祸致残【语篇解读】　战争中，祖父失去了腿，他写信让祖母忘记他。为了爱情，祖母假装遭遇车祸，双腿致残不能行走，放弃了自己喜爱的舞蹈。“我”偶然看到祖母偷偷跳舞，祖母讲起了她的故事，这让“我”热泪盈眶。1．答案与解析：A　根据上句“My disabled grandmther was dancing”可知，“我”那残疾的祖母在跳舞；结合常识可知，“我”感到非常惊讶。2．答案与解析：C　根据该句中的“the sunlight that was __2__ thrugh the windw”可知，该处描述祖母在阳光下跳舞的情景：她的身体优美地弯曲着，双臂迎向从窗户倾泻进来的阳光。
3．答案与解析：B　根据该句中的“aided with a walking stick”可知，祖母要依靠拐杖的帮助才能行走；据此可以推知，她的双腿在行走时无法弯曲；inflexibly意为“无法弯曲地”。4．答案与解析：A　根据该句中的“her perfectly”可知，现在她穿着漂亮的舞鞋，她的腿完全服从她。5．答案与解析：D　根据该句中的“it felt like being shaken awake frm a beautiful dream”可知，这像是从美梦中被人摇醒；据此可以推知，她的动作结束得非常突然。6．答案与解析：B　根据该句中的“with her hand in a ckie jar”可知，祖母就如一个手伸进饼干罐里被抓的小孩。
“__7__， my legs have been well all my life，” she said. She thught fr a while and then cntinued. “We were talking abut the engagement when yur grandfather had t g t war. I put all my energy and time int __8__. I was invited t perfrm with the best and ne day I realized I was cnsidered t be ne f them. And then ne day a letter frm the __9__ came. He lst his leg and asked me t frget abut him.”“What happened then？” I __10__ her.“I made my decisin __11__. I lved him s much that I didn't want t lse him. I tld everyne I had been in a car __12__ and that my legs wuld never cmpletely heal again. My dancing days were ver. I nly danced at hme when n ne was arund and never __13__ my decisin. I figured I culd change a few years f fame t a lifetime f __14__. And I was right. It was wrth it.”Tears filled my eyes. I was thinking abut hw much jy we culd bring t each thers' lives. I knw peple wh have chsen t __15__ a lt and dne it gladly t achieve smething they cnsidered wrthwhile, just like my grandma.
7．A.T begin with B．T sum up C．T tell the truth D．T make matters wrse8．A.dancing B．singing C．wrking D．exercising9．A.hmetwn B．battlefield C．ballrm D．campgrund10．A.cnfirmed B．persuaded C．hurried D．greeted11．A.here and there B．up and dwn C．day and night D．there and then12．A.race B．crash C．ride D．park13．A.regretted B．accepted C．defended D．supprted14．A.lss B．gift C．lve D．pain15．A.g ver B．take ff C．put away D．give up
7．答案与解析：C　根据下文内容可知，事实上，祖母的腿一直很好。t tell the truth “说实话”；t begin with “开始，首先”；t sum up “总之”；t make matters wrse “使情况更糟的是”。8．答案与解析：A　根据空后的“I was f them”可知，她将全部时间和精力都放在了舞蹈训练上。9．答案与解析：B　根据该段第三句中的“yur grandfather had t g t war”可知，祖父不得不参加战争；据此可以推知，这封信是从战场传来的。10．答案与解析：C　根据问句“What happened then？”并结合语境可知，“我”焦急地问她“接下来发生了什么事情？”。hurry “催促”cnfirm “确认”；persuade “说服”；greet “欢迎”。
11．答案与解析：D　根据下句“I lved him”可知，祖母深爱着祖父，不想失去他；据此可以推知，她当时就下了决心。there and then “当场，立即”；here and there “到处”；up and dwn “上上下下”；day and night “日日夜夜”。12．答案与解析：B　根据该句中的“my legs wuld never cmpletely heal again”可知，她的腿永远不会痊愈；据此可以推知，祖母告诉每个人她遭遇了车祸；car crash意为“车祸”。13．答案与解析：A　根据该段尾句“It was wrth it”可知，她认为这一切都是值得的；据此可以推知，她从不后悔这一决定。14．答案与解析：C　根据上文的叙述可知，为了让在战争中受伤致残的祖父不再沮丧，她假装成双腿残疾；结合常识可以推知，她想把几年的名声变成一辈子的爱情。15．答案与解析：D　根据上文的描述可知，虽然祖母酷爱舞蹈，但是为了祖父她假装因车祸变残疾，最终赢得了爱情。据此可知，祖母为了她认为值得的爱情，放弃了自己喜爱的舞蹈。give up “放弃”；g ver “复习，仔细检查”；take ff “起飞，脱下”；put away “收起，存钱”。
Test 2[2022·湖北高三十一校第一次联考]I received a private message n my scial media. It began harmlessly enugh. “Hi, girl. Want t __1__ yu t jin my next challenge grup—We will be __2__ n 60 minutes f exercise and balanced nutritin.” It was all becming t much. Scial media was __3__ my life, nt me. But what killed scial media fr me was when I __4__ a pht and my sn asked me hw many “likes” it had gt. His questin was a __5__ call. “Likes” are signs f acceptance and __6__. I had frgtten they bth need t cme frm within and had __7__ set him a bad example.
1．A.invite B．help C．cntact D．reward2．A.cmmenting B．researching C．fcusing D．relying3．A.ruining B．prmting C．instructing D．running4．A.psted B．tk C．cpied D．designed5．A.warm­up B．wake­up C．fllw­up D．cme­up6．A.sympathy B．patience C．liberatin D．apprval7．A.unwillingly B．understandingly C．dramatically D．unknwingly
语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习——卸载社交媒体的积极影响【语篇解读】　意识到生活被社交媒体操纵后，为给儿子做好榜样，“我”毅然注销了自己的社交媒体账号，开始阅读书籍、重拾编织的爱好并积极地上瑜伽课。“我”对自己、家庭等的感觉越来越好。1．答案与解析：A　根据该句中的“t jin”可知，该处指“邀请加入”下一个挑战团体。invite“邀请”符合语境。2．答案与解析：C　根据上文中的“jin my next challenge grup”及下文中的“n 60 minutes f exercise”可知，此处应指邀请“我”参加挑战，将注意力集中在60分钟的锻炼上。fcus n为固定搭配，意为“集中注意力于……”。3．答案与解析：D　根据上文内容可知，社交媒体正在通过广告邀请客户参加他们的活动，结合该句中的“my life”可知，社交媒体正在操纵着“我”的生活。run“管理，经营”。
4．答案与解析：A　根据该句中的“scial media”并结合常识可知，该处指“我”在社交媒体上发布照片。5．答案与解析：B　根据下文中的“set him a bad example”可知，“我”意识到“我”为他树立了不好的榜样；结合该句中的“call”可知，他的问题敲响了警钟。wake­up call“让人警醒的事”。6．答案与解析：D　根据该句中的“acceptance and”可知，空处与名词acceptance为同义词；结合常识可知，“赞”是接受和赞成的标志。apprval“赞成”。7．答案与解析：D　根据上文描述可知，“我”在社交媒体上发布了一张照片，儿子问“我”获赞多少；再结合语境可知，此处是指“我”不知不觉地为儿子树立了坏榜样。unknwingly“不知情地”。
T recreate the simplicity f thse days and set a __8__ example fr my sn, I deactivated (解除) my scial media __9__. I had been in the habit f __10__ scial media many times a day, s I had t cme up with sme new habits. I __11__ a nvel and a crsswrd puzzle bk arund with me. I rediscvered knitting and yga classes. I started t __12__ a few things. My bdy is fine just the way it is. I have friends wh will help me ut when I am __13__. I d my best t be a gd mther and my sn is happy and healthy. I stpped lking at the wrld thrugh my cellphne. I felt cmpletely __14__ in the mment. The __15__ left me feeling better abut myself, my family, my hme and my life.Less scial media is mre.
8．A.healthy B．majr C．single D．plain9．A.perfrmance B．platfrm C．accunt D．assignment10．A.answering B．checking C．designing D．sending11．A.carried B．bught C．rdered D．reviewed12．A.expect B．recgnize C．treat D．reject13．A.in charge B．n call C．in need D．n duty14．A.respnsible B．typical C．present D．cnfident15．A.cncern B．message C．rigin D．break
8．答案与解析：A　根据上文中的“bad example”并结合该句中的“example fr my sn”可知，空处与bad词义相反，表示“为儿子树立健康的榜样”。healthy“健康的”。9．答案与解析：C　根据该句中的“deactivated(解除)my scial media”并结合常识可知，“我”注销了“我”的社交媒体账号。accunt“账号”。10．答案与解析：B　根据该句中的“scial media many times a day”并结合常识可知，“我”有每天多次检查社交媒体的习惯。check“检查”。11．答案与解析：A　根据该句中的“a nvel and a． me”可知，“我”随身带着一本小说和一本填字游戏书。carry“携带”。