2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习专题一阅读理解先检索再加工第二部分怎样准解题揭秘答题规律科学备战高考第二讲推理判断题__于文有据不枉断课件

这是一份2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习专题一阅读理解先检索再加工第二部分怎样准解题揭秘答题规律科学备战高考第二讲推理判断题__于文有据不枉断课件，共44页。PPT课件主要包含了〖解题流程〗等内容，欢迎下载使用。
推理判断题是阅读理解的另一重要题型，属于深层理解类试题，要求考生在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系及细节的分析，进行推理和判断，从而领会文章的深层意义及隐含意义。要想正确地解答此类题型，必须深入词句间，根据上下文作出合理的判断。现将一些常见的推理判断题归纳如下，旨在让考生掌握一些解题的技巧，从而减少应考中的失误。
清迷点扫盲点·提升审题能力
练重点练难点·创新应用体验
清迷点扫盲点提升审题能力
技法1　推断隐含意义——逻辑分析得结论知答题方略一“抓”一“整”找“依据”，巧做推断隐含题1.抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即用某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理。2.整合全文(段)信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文(段)意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。3.以事实为依据：推断一定要以文章所提供的事实为依据，不能凭空想象，这样才能做出合理的推断。
明命题方式推断隐含意义类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：1.It can be inferred frm the text that ________．2.It can be cncluded frm the last paragraph writer/authr indicates/suggests/implies that ________．4.What can we infer abut...？5.What des imply？
【典例】　[2022·全国乙卷阅读D]Tday's figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schls. Helping the next generatin t have a healthy and active childhd is f great imprtance, and the industry is playing its part.35．What can be inferred abut the adptin f the sugar tax plicy?A．It is a shrt­sighted decisin.B．It is a success stry.C．It benefits manufacturers.D．It upsets custmers.
解析：隐含推断题。依据题干定位细节，第一句“Tday's figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities and healthier eating in schls.”，揣摩此细节可知，糖税政策的实施，产生了积极的影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑，由此推断出该政策是成功的。
技法2　写作意图类——文体特点看意图知答题方略写作意图通常有以下三种：1.t entertain readers/t tell an experience常见于记叙文、个人经历或文章故事类的文章。2.t persuade readers/t sell a prduct r a service/t attract readers r visitrs常见于广告。3.t infrm readers/t reprt/t tell/t describe——多见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会生活类的文章，以及劝告类或建议性的文章。
明命题方式写作意图类命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：◆What is the main purpse f the text？◆What is the purpse/intentin f the authr in writing this passage？◆Fr what purpse did the authr write the passage？◆The writer writes this passage in rder t...◆Why des the authr mentin...？
【典例】　[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读D]“Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken，” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That's what happens t the heart. Frtunately fr thse in midlife, Levine is finding that even if yu haven't been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve yur aging heart.32．What des Levine want t explain by mentining the rubber band?A．The right way f exercising.B．The causes f a heart attack.C．The difficulty f keeping fit.D．The aging prcess f the heart.
解析：写作意图题。根据“Think f a 's what happens t the heart.”可知，莱文想通过橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程。
技法3　观点态度类——忠于措辞定态度知答题方略观点和态度分为三大类：①支持、赞同、乐观；②客观、中立；③反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。注意作者或文中人物的措辞：①分析字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；②留意相关氛围的语言及表达情感态度或观点的词句，这些常流露于修饰语之中；③结合英语国家的文化传统或风俗习惯等背景知识进行合理推断。明命题方式
观点态度类类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：◆What des the authr think f...？◆What is the authr's pinin n/abut...？◆What is the authr's attitude twards/t...？◆The authr's attitude be described as ________．◆Hw des the authr feel abut...？
【典例】　[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读C]Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.28．Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers' texting in the US?A．Ineffective. B．Unnecessary.C．Incnsistent. D．Unfair.
解析：观点态度题。依据“忠于措辞法”。根据第一段内容以及第二段中“Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure，appears t be getting wrse.”可推知，美国对司机发短信的禁令是无效的。
技法4　文章出处类——根据文章体裁和内容推出处知答题方略文章出处题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。考生要对报纸、杂志、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章特点对号入座，选出最佳选项。明命题方式文章出处类类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：◆Frm which is the text prbably taken？◆In which f the fllwing wuld this passage mst likely be fund？◆The passage is prbably taken ut f ________？◆Where wuld the passage mst prbably appear？
【典例】　[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A]Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t LiteratureGrading Scale90－100, A; 80－89, B; 70－79, C; 60－69, D; Belw 60, E.Essays (60%)Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse: Essay 1＝ 10%; Essay 2＝15%; Essay 3＝15%; Essay 4＝20%.Grup Assignments (30%)Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments (作业) during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.
Daily Wrk/In­Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)Class activities will vary frm day t day, but students must be ready t cmplete shrt in­class writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes frm the previus class' lecture/discussin, s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class. Additinally, frm time t time I will assign grup wrk t be cmpleted in class r shrt assignments t be cmpleted at hme, bth f which will be graded.Late WrkAn essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late. If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. Daily assignments nt cmpleted during class will get a zer. Shrt writings missed as a result f an excused absence will be accepted.
21．Where is this text prbably taken frm?A．A textbk. B．An exam paper.C．A curse plan. D．An academic article.
解析：文章出处题。根据文章标题Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature “文学入门课程评分规则”以及Essays (60%)下的the grade fr this curse “本课程的成绩”和Grup Assignments (30%)下的Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system “Blackbard(在线学习和课程管理系统)”可推知， 本文是对一个文学入门课程评分规则的详细介绍， 故应该是选自课程方案。
技法5　推断作者身份或读者对象——语言特色推断目标读者知答题方略通过文中出现的人称、作品以及外在评价判断作者身份；确定读者对象要从文章主题和文章措辞来判断。明命题方式文章出处类类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：◆What can we infer abut the authr frm the text？◆What des “I” refer t in the text？◆Wh were the newspapers f the new trend targeted at？
【典例】　[2021·全国乙卷阅读D]During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften. Annyed by the level f distractin (干扰) in his pen ffice, he said, “That's why I have a membership at the cwrking space acrss the street—s I can fcus.” His cmment struck me as strange. After all, cwrking spaces als typically use an pen ffice layut (布局)．But I recently came acrss a study that shws why his apprach wrks.35．What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?A．He's a news reprter.B．He's an ffice manager.C．He's a prfessinal designer.D．He's a published writer.
解析：推断作者身份。通过关键信息：“During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften.”可以推测出，作者的身份是一位出版作家。
练重点练难点创新应用体验
A[2022·太原市高三模拟]After decades f wrk trying t save the giant panda, Chinese fficials have annunced that the species is n lnger endangered. The pandas have been reclassified in the cuntry frm “endangered” t “vulnerable (脆弱的)” after effrts t increase the ppulatin. Nw the number has risen t mre than 1，800 in the wild.
“China has established a relatively cmplete nature reserve system，” Cui Shuhng, directr f the Department f Natural Eclgical Prtectin f the Ministry f Eclgy and Envirnment, said n Wednesday. “Large areas f natural ecsystems have been systematically and cmpletely prtected, and wildlife habitats have been effectively imprved.” The latest classificatin upgrade reflects the pandas' imprved living cnditins and China's effrts in keeping their habitats integrated, Cui added.Bamb makes up 90% f pandas' diets, and the animals wuld likely starve withut the shts (嫩芽). Experts believe China's effrts t replant bamb frests have been the key t the increase in the ppulatin f pandas.
Generally speaking, a panda has t eat at least 26 punds f bamb every day t maintain its energy, s large areas f bamb frests are imprtant t their survival.Planting bamb als has advantages fr the planet, as the bamb is grass, nt a tree, and is incredibly efficient at absrbing carbn dixide, as well as emitting (发出) 35% mre xygen than trees d.“The Chinese have dne a great jb in investing in panda habitats, expanding reserves and setting up new reserves，” Ginette Hemley, senir vice president fr Species Cnservatin at Wrld Wildlife Fund, tld the media. “It is a wnderful example f what can happen when a gvernment is cmmitted t cnservatin.”
Cntinuing China's success will be dependent n the cuntry prtecting land frm agricultural and urban develpment. As land becmes rarer, measures will need t be extended t prtect mre land, t ensure bamb frests can thrive and finally, t prtect the future f the wrld's mst lvable, lazy, and mnchrme (black and white) creature.
1．What d we knw abut the giant panda accrding t Paragraph 1?A.It is an endangered species.B．The number f it increases by 1，800 each ppulatin has declined.D．It has gt a classificatin upgrade.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The pandas ppulatin”可知，中国已经将大熊猫从濒危物种重新分类为易危物种。
2．What can be inferred frm Ginette Hemley's wrds?A．Scial media make a difference.B．Panda habitats are getting smaller.C．The gvernment's cmmitment is crucial.D．Setting up new reserves is impssible.
解析：C　隐含推断题。根据第六段Ginette Hemley所说的话“The Chinese reserves”和“It is a． t cnservatin”可知，Ginette Hemley认为，中国人在投资大熊猫栖息地、扩大保护区和建立新的保护区方面做得很好，这个例子很好地说明了当政府致力于对动物的保护时会发生什么。据此可以推知，政府的投入是至关重要的。
3．What can be the challenge China faces in achieving cntinued success?A．Lazy and mnchrme animals.B．Lack f supprt frm Wrld Wildlife Fund.C．The emissin f carbn dixide int the influence f agricultural and urban develpment.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“Cntinuing China's urban develpment”可知，中国要想继续取得成功，就必须保护土地不受农业和城市发展的影响。
4．Where is this text prbably frm?A．A news website. B．An fficial reprt.C．A travel magazine. D．A bilgy textbk.
解析：A　文章出处推判题。通读全文可知，文章第一句“After decades lnger endangered”为全文主旨句；结合文章第二段第一句中的“said n Wednesday”和下文内容可知，本文属于新闻报道，报道了中国官方宣布大熊猫不再是濒危物种这一新闻。据此可以推知，本文最可能摘自新闻网站。
B[2022·潍坊市模拟]Researchers say a new electrical device placed in three paralyzed patients has helped them walk again. The lwer bdies f the three patients were left paralyzed after they suffered spinal (脊柱的) crd injuries. But a device implanted in the spinal crd was able t send electrical signals t the muscles t permit them t stand, walk and exercise.Scientists have discvered that neurns—which receive and send signals fr muscle mvements—ften still wrk in injured patients with serius spinal crd injuries. Hwever, past research int spinal crd injuries has centered n the stimulatin f neurns. Nw in the latest experiment led by Gregire Curtine and Jcelyne Blch f the Swiss Federal Institute f Technlgy in Lausanne, three paralyzed men were implanted a new electrical device designed t cpy an actin f the brain, in which it sends signals t the spinal crd that result in muscle mvement. When the spinal crd receives the brain signals, it stimulates a cllectin f nerve cells that can activate different muscles.
The researchers reprted that all three patients wh gt the spinal crd implants were able t take their first steps within an hur after receiving them. Over the next six mnths, the patients regained the ability t take part in mre advanced walking activities, the study fund. They were als able t ride bicycles and swim in cmmunity settings.Unlike ther attempts t help paralyzed patients walk by stimulating nerves thrugh the back f the spine, Curtine said that his team redesigned the devices s signals wuld enter the spine frm the sides. “This methd permits mre direct targeting and activatin f spinal crd areas，” he said.
The team then develped artificial intelligence (AI) systems linked t the device. The AI cntrls electrdes n the device t send signals t stimulate individual nerves that cntrl muscles needed fr walking and ther activities. Hwever, because the patients muscles were weak frm nt being used, they needed help with supprting their weight, the researchers said. It als tk sme time fr them t learn t wrk with the technlgy. Still，Blch said, “The mre they train, the mre they start lifting their muscles, the mre fluid it becmes.”
5．What can be inferred frm Paragraph 2?A．Neurns in paralyzed patients can't wrk.B．Paralyzed men recvered using a new device.C．The new device can imitate the brain t send signals.D．Stimulating the neurns is the fcus f the latest research.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二段“Nw in the latest experiment led by Gregire which it sends signals t the spinal crd that result in muscle mvement.”可推断，这个新的设备会模仿大脑向脊髓发送信号。
6．Hw des the new device stimulate the spinal crd areas mre directly?A．By using the AI system.B．By sending the signals t the brain.C．By making signals enter the spine frm the sides.D．By stimulating nerves thrugh the back f the spine.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段“Unlike ther attempts t help paralyzed patients walk by stimulating nerves thrugh the back f the spine, Curtine said that his team redesigned the devices s signals wuld enter the spine frm the sides. ”可知，这种新的设备可以让信号从两侧进入脊椎。
7．Which can best describe Blch's idea in the last Paragraph?A．Practice makes perfect.B．It's hard t please all.C．Every garden has its weeds.D．Put the cart befre the hrse.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, Blch said, ‘The mre they train, the mre they start lifting their muscles, the mre fluid it becmes.’”可知，越训练就越熟练。根据句意，应表示熟能生巧。