【专项练习】全套专题英语中考考点二十四：语篇翻译专题整理(带答案)

这是一份【专项练习】全套专题英语中考考点二十四：语篇翻译专题整理(带答案)，共11页。试卷主要包含了考点解析，中考真题演练等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、考点解析
语篇翻译以一篇短文的形式出现，共 5 题，计 10 分。将其中的 5 个划线句子进行翻译：一
般为 2 个中译英, 3 个英译中。
考查重点：常见句型结构及固定搭配；常见短语的用法及习惯表达方式；重要语法规则及其运用；英、汉两种语言在表达方面的异同。
（一）长沙市近六年语篇翻译考频统计：
（二）解题技巧
汉译英解题技巧：
大致浏览全文；
译主干（如有短语或句型，圈译句中的短语或句型并译成英文）；
添枝加叶（添加定语，状语或从句等）；
检查有无语法错误（如：谓语动词时态，语态，第三人称单数形式，名词的单复数等）。
英译汉解题技巧
年份
考点
考点
考点
考点
考点
2014
非谓语动词
祈使句
It is +adj (fr sb) t d sth.
比较级句型
时间状语从句
2015
非谓语动词
情态动词
介词短语
被动语态
时间状语从句
2016
连词词组
介词短语
There be 句型
条件状语从句
让步状语从句
2017
非谓语动词
介词短语
名词短语
比较级句型
让步状语从句
2018
动词短语
否定句
定语从句
宾语从句
主语从句
2019
非谓语动词
动词短语
There be 句型
宾语从句
表语从句
英语表达
汉语表达
以谓语动词为中心，先写主谓，再写其 他成分，即把最重要的部分写在最前面。句与句之间通过连词联系得很紧密。
以话题为中心，形式松散，可先写主谓，也可省略主语，也可先写别的成分。
句与句之间用逗号隔开。
浏览整段文章，清楚大概内容。
直译为主。先逐字翻译，遇到不会的生词，要从上下文的内容中来猜测。
微调语序。（注意英汉语言方面的差异，符合汉语逻辑思维，而且语言要通顺，意思要明确。）
考点 1：代词 it 的重点句型:
it 作形式主语，宾语。（注意：动词原形不做主语，注意区分祈使句）
It’s +adj.fr/f sb. t d sth. 做作某事对某人说……
It takes sb. smetime t d sth. 某人做某事用了一些时间
It’s time t d sth./ It’s time fr sth./ding sth. 该做某事的时候了
It’s said/ reprted/ believed that...据说据报道有人相信
Sb. find/think it + adj. t d sth 某人发觉/认为做某事……
【演练】：
学外语对每个人来说很有必要。
They fund it difficult t answer the teacher’s questin.
It’s reprted that abut three hundred peple were killed in this accident.
考点 2：被动语态翻译
英语被动语态通常翻译成汉语主动句，可以翻译成汉语的无主语句，也可以保留原文主语。
【例如】：Chpsticks are usually used by Chinese peple. 中国人通常使用筷子。
【演练】：
Children shuld be taught t speak the truth.
The bk has been translated int many languages.
考点 3：从句翻译宾语从句
宾语从句三要素：引导词，陈述句语序，时态。
否定前移：当陈述部分是“I dn’t think” , “I dn’t believe”, “I dn’t suppse” 等结构时，翻译成汉语时要注意否定转移。
【例如】：I dn’t think he can pass the exam. 我认为他不可能通过这次考试。
【演练】：
我认为到处乱扔垃圾是不对的。
He said (that) he wanted t stay at hme.
你知道他们在等谁吗？
He asked whse handwriting was the best.
状语从句
时间状语从句： when/while；as(随着)；； sn as...；since；after；befre;
条件状语从句： if；unless；as lng as...
让步状语从句： althugh；thugh；even thugh
结果状语从句：；
目的状语从句： that...；in rder that...
【注意】：时间状语从句、条件状语从句的时态规则；英译汉时状语从句一般写在句首；英语“thugh”、“but”/ “because”、“s”只能用其中之一，但汉语中“虽然……但是”、“因为……所以”等句式结构可以成对使用。
【演练】：
如果你在完成这份工作上有困难的话，我会帮助你的。
你不在家时，我会照顾孩子们。
He is s yung that he can’t g t schl.
I get up early in rder/s that I can catch the first bus.
定语从句
对于较短的定语从句在英译汉时可译成带“的”的前置定语；可把复合句译成简单句。
【例如】：At that mment, I wanted t try my best t finish the race fr everyne wh believed in me. 在那时，我想要为了每一个相信我的人尽力完成比赛。
对于结构复杂且较长的定语从句，在英译汉时可将其后置，将整个句子结构译成并列句，并重复先行词。
【例如】：I met an ld man wh asked me t pay attentin t health.
我遇到一位老人，这位老人要我注意健康。
【演练】：
D yu remember the day when we arrived here?
没有人愿意与只接受而从不付出的人交朋友。
考点 4：比较级最高级句型
表达“A 和 B 一样”， 用 A … as adj/adv 原级 as B；
表达“A 不如 B”， 用 A …nt+as/s+adj/adv 原级+as+B；
比较级前可用 much / a lt / far(… 得多)，a little（稍微），even（甚至）等表示程度；
“比较级 +and+比较级”、mre and mre +形容词原级，表示“越来越”；
5. “The+比较级…...，the+比较级...…”表示“越…...，就越…...
“the +序数词+最高级”表示“第几个最”；
“ne f the +最高级+复数名词”，表最之一
【演练】：
我们的水资源正在变得越来越脏。
But the earlier yu make yur daughters interested in science and math, the better skills f such subjects they will have.
考点 5：nt als...
nt nly … but als 应连接两个相对称的并列成分。 nt nly... but (als)...用来连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单、复数遵循“就近原则”，指谓语形式取决于离它近的主语。
【例如】：Nt nly Mr Lin but als his sn jined the Party tw years ag.
不仅林老师，而且他儿子也在两年前入党了。
Nt nly Zhu Xia but als her parents are fnd f watching ftball matches.
不但周霞，而且她的父母都喜欢看足球比赛。
【演练】：
不但你，而且他也讨厌一次接一次的考试。
她在课堂上和家里都说英语。
考点 6：固定短语和固定搭配
在语言组织过程中有很多固定短语和固定搭配或句型，如：pay attentin t ding sth；spend time /mney in ding sth；；get alng with 等等。学生得加强对核心词组的积累、记忆以及运用。（具体见介词、动词、非谓语动词等考点）
二、中考真题演练
（一）随堂反馈
A（2019. 湖南长沙）
D yu enjy hitting the bks? It desn’t mean yu enjy beating yur bks with yur hand. That may be reasnable if yu dn’t understand smething inside yur bks. Hitting the bks just means that yu are studying hard. Yu can learn a lt when yu hit the bks. 65. Especially befre exams, mst students spend a lt f time hitting the bks t get gd grades.
This is just ne example f expressins that can’t be understd by taking them apart（分开）
wrd by wrd. Expressins like this are called idims（习语）. They are an imprtant part f a culture’s language. Languages and cultures are clsely cnnected. One example f an idim in the Chinese language is “dui niu tan qin”, r “t play the lute（拨弦乐器）t a cw,” 66. 这意味着某 人在说话或写作时不考虑其听众或读者。
Let’s get back t idims that begin with the wrd “hit”. 67. There are many f them in English, but it’s nt that easy fr yu t understand.
One cmmn idim yu may hear in English is “hit the rad”. It means t leave r t g. Yu can say, “Hey, I need t hit the rad. Can we talk abut this anther time? “ Or simply, “It’s time t hit the rad.” When yu are tired and yu want t g t bed, yu can say, “I need t hit the hay
（干草）.” It means yu want t g t sleep. 68. That’s because a bed was ften a big bag with hay
inside in the past.
69. 习语使你的语言生动而有趣。Let’s hit the rad t learn sme and try t use them.
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B（2018. 湖南长沙）
Peple have been trying t find ut if hmewrk is gd r bad fr schl children, and they have different pinins.
65. Sme peple think that hmewrk is an imprtant part f learning fr students. They believe it nt nly enables children t practice what they have learned in class, but als helps imprve their handwriting. They als say that hmewrk helps teach children hw t wrk n their wn. 66. Als, it’s a skill which is useful t them in future life.
Others disagree, thugh. 67. 他们认为家庭作业给孩子们太多的压力。And the time spent
n hmewrk culd have been used t d ther activities like reading and playing sprts. T back
up their pinin, they give the example f Finland（芬兰）. 68. 在芬兰， 学生几乎没什么作业。
But the cuntry remains ne f the mst educatinally successful cuntries in the wrld.
Here is my pint f view（观点） n this matter. 69. Whether the hmewrk is gd r bad depends n the purpse f it. If there is n clear reasn fr giving hmewrk, the students wn’t get anything frm ding it, s it shuld nt be set. Hwever, I still believe that hmewrk can really help with children’s learning, if teachers clearly tell them why they shuld d the hmewrk and let them knw hw they have dne in their hmewrk.
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C（2017. 湖南长沙）
Starting high schl can be difficult. Everyne is nervus and nbdy knws where t g fr classes. Thinking abut making new friends might make yu feel nervus, t.66. 但是别担心，因 为你不是孤身一人。Yu are ging t schl with a grup f students f yur age, and we have several tips (贴士)fr yu t fllw. Frget yur fear and just talk t smene.
67. It is easier said than dne. But try t take a deep breath and find yur vice. Dn’t be afraid t apprach(接近）peple. Intrduce yurself and start a cnversatin abut smething yu have in cmmn. Sit in the middle f the classrm with as many new friends arund yu as pssible.
Jin clubs. Take part in after-schl activities that interest yu. 68. 尽量在俱乐部里交朋友。 If yu dn’t jin anything, yu will be just ging t class and then ging hme. Being in a club makes yu mre scial.
Stay clean. N ne likes a bad smell that culd knck smene ver. Shwer every day, brush yur teeth and wash yur hair. 69. Yu are suppsed t make yurself lk clean and tidy, whatever yu wear.
Be respectful (尊重的)f peple’s differences. 70. Everyne has his r her wn pinin f the
wrld. And everyne believes in different things. It’s a gd thing t have different friends with different pinins because yu can each share yur wn.
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（二）巩固提升
A（2016. 湖南长沙）
Reading an English newspaper is a gd way t imprve a student’s language ability. As there are many useful and cmmn wrds in an English newspaper, it may help students increase their vcabulary（词汇量）as well as imprve their reading skills. 66. 他们可以从报纸上学到 新的知识。 But what is the prper way t read an English newspaper? D students need t lk ver all the cntent（内容）f the newspaper?
The first step is t chse a right newspaper with gd language. Then turn t the frnt page
and read the headline（s 标题）t knw what has happened. As the mst imprtant things are put n
the frnt page, it’s easy t find ut what yu’re interested in and then turn t the page t read it cmpletely. 67. There is n need t g thrugh all the articles.
Secndly, read newspapers every day. Remember wrds thrugh cntext（上下文）, in which
these wrds may appear repeatedly. 68. Once they appear several times, yu will remember them easily. Dn’t lk up every unknwn wrd in yur dictinary. Yu can try t guess the meaning between sentences. 69. 如果你的猜测错了， 不要放弃。Keep reading, and yu will becme familiar with the wrds after reading them several times in different texts.
Reading English newspapers makes us knwledgeable. 70. It can nt nly help us knw what is happening in the wrld but als imprve ur language.
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B（2015. 湖南长沙）
What are magic wrds? Wrds like ‘thank yu’, ‘please’ and ‘srry’ can wrk wnders in ur daily life. These plite expressins are used every day in American – amng strangers, between friends r with family. 66. Peple with gd manners always cmmunicate with thers well by using these magic wrds.
What shuld yu d when yu receive a gift fr yur birthday? 67. 你最好坐下来写一封感
谢信。68. The wrds ‘thank yu’ are very imprtant and used very ften. We say them when smene hands us a letter, passes us a bk, ffers us drinks, r lends us an umbrella.
‘Please’ is anther imprtant wrd, but many peple frget t use it. It is nt plite t ask smene fr help withut saying ‘please’. 69. We are suppsed t use it when we ask fr smething, t. It may be a bk, a pen, r mre milk. It may be in the classrm, at hme, r at the bus stp. We can use ‘please’ t make a request（请求）pleasant.
70. 我们也应该学会说‘对不起’。If we have hurt smene’s feeling, we will have t say ‘srry’. When we have tld a lie and regret it, the same wrd shuld be used. Smetimes we have frgtten smething r brken a prmise, s we need t explain with the wrd as a beginning. ‘Srry’ is such a wrd that can make peple frget wrngs.
‘Thank yu! Please! Srry!’ – these wrds are simple but useful. Man said them lng ag. We use them nw. S will ur kids.
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C (2014. 湖南长沙)
Smetimes yu feel busy and wrried. 66. 你可能有许多事情要做，时间却不够。Yu may wnder, “ Where des time g?” Here are sme ideas t help yu make use f it and find mre free time t enjy yur life.
Plan ahead f time. 67. It’s necessary fr yu t make a plan at the beginning f a week r a day. Think f what yu really need and dn’t need t d. Spare（匀出）sme time t have a shrt rest and lk back n what yu’ve dne. Yu may have a sense f success.
Say n t yurself. If yu are nt excited abut attending（出席）a scial activity, then dn’t g. 68. 呆在家里休息。If yu plan t g t a supermarket but it is raining heavily, why nt stay inside? It’s fine t change yur mind and d yur shpping anther day.
Change yur pace（节奏）. If yu usually g shpping n Saturday, chse a weekday night t g instead. 69. The stres are less crwded n Wednesday evening than Saturday afternn. Yu can feel better if yu regard yur way hme as taking a relaxing walk after supper.
Fcus n（关注）simple pleasures. 70. When yur day’s wrk is dne, it’s time t get yurself relaxed. A pleasant bath, a cup f cffee r a gentle sng can be enugh. Althugh expensive relaxatin is nice, when yu fcus n simple pleasures, yu’ll get mre.
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考点二十四：语篇翻译
演练
考点 1：
It is very necessary fr everyne t learn a freign language.
他们发现回答老师的问题有困难。
据报道，大约 300 人在事故中去世。考点 2：
应该教孩子说真话。
这本书已经被翻译成了各种语言的版本。
考点 3：宾语从句
I dn’t think it is right t thrw the rubbish everywhere.
他说他想待在家。
D yu knw wh they are waiting fr?
他问谁的书写最好。
状语从句
If yu have truble finishing this jb, I will help yu.
When yu aren’t at hme, I will lk after the children.
他太小了，不能去上学。
我早点起床以便于去坐早班车。定语从句
你记得我们到这的那天吗？
Nbdy wuld like t make friends with the peple wh nly receive and nt give.
考点 4：
Our water is becming dirtier and dirtier.
但是你越早让你的女儿对科学与数学感兴趣，她们将会更好地掌握这些学科技能。考点 5：
Nt nly yu but als he als hates the frequent exams.
She speaks English nt nly in class but als at hme.
随堂反馈
A
尤其在考试前，大多数学生为了取得好成绩而花许多时间努力学习。
It means smene speaks r writes withut cnsidering his listeners r readers.
英语中有很多这样的习语，但理解起来并不那么容易。
那是因为在过去床常常是填充着干草的大袋子。
Idims make yur language lively and interesting.
B
一些人认为家庭作业是学生学习的一个重要部分。
而且，这是一种对他们未来生活有用的技能。
They think hmewrk puts t much stress n children.
In Finland, students have little hmewrk.
家庭作业的好坏取决于其目的。
C
But dn’t wrry, because yu are nt alne.
说起来容易做起来难。
Try t make friends in the chubs.
无论你穿什么, 都应该使自己看上去干净整洁。
每个人对世界都有自己的看法。
巩固提升
A
They can learn new knwledge frm the newspaper.
没有必要看完所有文章。
一旦他们出现几次，你将会很容易的记住他们。
59. If yur guess is wrng, dn t give up.
70. 它不但能帮助我们了解世界上正在发生的事情，而且还能提升我们的语言。
B
有好习惯的人经常通过使用这些有魔力的词汇与别人很好的交流。
Yu’d better sit dwn and write a thank-yu nte.
“谢谢”这类词非常重要并且经常被使用。
当我们需要某些东西的时候，我们也应该使用它。
We shuld learn t say srry, t.
C
Yu may have many things t d, but time isn’t enugh.
在一天或一周的最开始做一个计划对你来说是很必要的。
Stay at hme t have a rest.
商店在周三晚上没有周六下午那么拥挤。
当一天工作结束的时候，就该让自己放松一下了。