2021-2022学年重庆实验中学高一（下）第二次段考英语试卷（含答案解析）

这是一份2021-2022学年重庆实验中学高一（下）第二次段考英语试卷（含答案解析）
2021-2022学年重庆实验中学高一（下）第二次段考英语试卷ATravelling is so popular around the world.However，due to the pandemic，we have to put off almost those plans for travelling.But we can make a detailed plan for our wonderful trip in the future in advance.Below is some of the most important information to keep in mind to ensure that you have a splendid trip. Valencia Valencia is in the east part of Spain.It has a port on the sea，two miles away on the coast.It is the capital of a province that is also named Valencia. The city is a market center for what is produced by the land around the city.Most of the city's money is made from farming.It is also a busy business city，with ships，railways，clothes and machine factories. Valencia has an old part with white buildings，coloured roofs，and narrow streets.The modern part has long，wide streets and new buildings.Valencia is well known for its parks and gardens.It has many old churches and museums. Tokyo Tokyo may be one of those places that you love and hate at the same time.In Tokyo，there are always too many people in the places where I want to go.There are also too many cars.Tokyo drivers often spend a long time in the busy street，just like drivers in London，Paris and New York. Tokyo also has a lot of people on foot，and sometimes it is really difficult to walk in the street.The worst time in the street is at 11：30 at night.That is because the nightclubs are closing at that time and everybody wants to go home then.There are 35，000 nightclubs in Tokyo，and usually none of them is empty at night. Toronto Toronto in Canada is one of those cities that people visit and then dream of living in.It's large，but not too large；prosperous，but not expensive.But most importantly，Toronto is very open and tolerant.The city，the capital of Ontario，is one of the world's most multicultural cities. The fact that 140 languages are spoken in the city tells a story.What's more，12.5 percent of the city's population is Chinese. Toronto is a great place to explore if you want to get the most out of it.James mentioned the beaches，which are close to the city and have wonderfully clean sand and water.The good thing is that getting around in Toronto is easy，since it has a very good public transport system.It also has a reputation of being home to many talented computer geniuses.So，if you're hoping to work in the technology industry，Toronto is a place to consider moving to.1. What can you learn about Valencia？ ______ A. Local people may often go out by sea.B. Its development mainly relies on travelling industry.C. It's the capital of Spain.D. Its development progresses slowly.2. From the text we can't learn that ______ .A. Valencia may have a long history and attract many ChristiansB. nightclubs in Tokyo are popular and it contributes to traffic jamsC. Toronto's industry is in the leading place in the worldD. we can meet a large number of people who come from China in Toronto3. In which column will you see the text？ ______ A. The advertising section of a newspaper.B. A geographical journal.C. The official website of the travel agency.D. The lines of a TV programme.BI was a recent graduate of a leading business school and I was to join a big company in Gomia，Bihar.The company chose only the best，and I was full of it. The night train from Calcutta would reach Gomia in the morning.I had a letter that said there would be a car to pick me up from the station and take me to the Guest House.However，I found no person in sight to receive me when I got off the train.I felt let down.I carried the luggage on my shoulder and came to the exit.There I saw a nice car.The driver was walking towards the car.Ah，my driver，there he was! I went up to him and asked him to carry my luggage.He asked me who I was and I introduced myself.The driver opened the back door and had me seated.Along the way，he asked me some questions about me and my family.I was angry with the driver who asked too much and answered him in monosyllables（只言片语）.After reaching the Guest House，we said goodbye. The next day was a big day.I was to meet the boss of the place，Dr.S.K.Kamat，and I was nervous.I knocked on the door and walked into the large office.The big man had his back to me and as he turned，I recognized the man immediately.He was the driver! He gave me a broad smile and said he was S.K.Kamat.I could have died at that moment.I apologized for my behavior and was at a loss for words.He said that he had come to the station to see off a friend.And he had seen me and wanted to be of assistance.He never referred to the incident almost as if it didn't happen.When I walked out of the office，I learned a great lesson.4. What do we know about the author？ ______ A. He was a little cocky at first.B. He was going to change his job.C. He took the initiative in talking with the driver.D. He saw the driver as soon as he got off the train.5. How did the author feel when he recognized S.K.Kamat in the office？ ______ A. Confused. B. Warm. C. Embarrassed. D. Anxious.6. Why didn't S.K.Kamat tell the author that he wasn't his driver？ ______ A. He thought it was impolite to do that.B. He didn't want to make the author sad.C. He was willing to offer help to the author.D. He wanted the author to be grateful to him.7. What message does the story convey？ ______ A. Love brings hope to the needy. B. Be kind whenever possible.C. Education is the key to success. D. Continuous learning is vital.CIn February 2021，the government of Vietnam released a draft of the country's latest national power development plan（PDP 8）for 2021 to 2030.The draft PDP 8 expands wind and solar capacity and improves grid（输电网）infrastructure to ensure that the stable operation with a higher share of renewable energy. Vietnam increasingly relies on coal imports because coal-fired power plants have been used to meet the rapidly increasing electricity demand.More than half of Vietnam's electricity generation came from coal in 2020.The country also relies heavily on hydroeletric generation（水利发电）and is home to a number of large rivers.However，hydro's reliability is affected by droughts and water shortages.Non-hydro renewable sources，such as wind and solar，made up 5% of Vietnam's electricity generation in 2020. Expanding non-hydro renewable capacity will likely help Vietnam rely less on coal，reduce carbon emissions（排放），and increases electricity generating capacity.With its strong emphasis on renewables，the draft PDP 8 is quite different from previous plans，which rely heavily on coal，hydropower and natural gas sources. However，Vietnam's underdeveloped grid hampers（阻碍）these capacity additions.Some of the country's transmission lines are operating at a full load or are overloaded，especially in the region where solar capacity in concentrated.Electricity producers have reduced generation from renewables because of grid limitations.The country needs new transmission and distribution infrastructure to accommodate capacity additions and transmit electricity to where it is needed. One major grid development underway is a 461-mile transmission line extension with three 500-kilovolt transmission lines.These transmission lines will connect nine cities and provinces across central and southern Vietnam.8. Which did Vietnam rely on most for power generation in 2020？ ______ A. Wind. B. Water. C. Coal. D. Sunlight.9. What's special about the draft PDP 8 compared to previous plans？ ______ A. It is more environmentally friendly.B. It depends more on hydroelectric power.C. It is less expensive and far more efficient.D. It meets the country's growing electricity needs.10. How will Vietnam keep pace with its capacity growth？ ______ A. By reducing solar capacity.B. By repairing transmission lines.C. By rewarding electricity producers.D. By strengthening power infrastructure.11. What is the best title for the text？ ______ A. Vietnam's energy structure in the future.B. Vietnam's latest power plan to expand renewables.C. Difficulties in expanding clean energy in Vietnam.D. Measures to develop renewable energy in Vietnam.DThe urgency of vaccination against COVID-19 is growing.Some new variants of the virus，spotted in Britain and other countries，are spreading around the world.Although they do not seem to be more deadly，they are a lot more infectious，threatening to overwhelm hospitals with patients too numerous to be treated. Salvation（救助）lies in rapid vaccination.It is a test of public health.When the logistics（后勤）are guaranteed，as eventually they would be，the limiting factor will be how much vaccine is available.Pfizer，Moderna and AstraZeneca could provide a large dose in 2021，enough for around 2.5 billion people.However，much more is needed，including over a billion doses of Sputnik V from Russia，and two vaccines from China. Both countries have offered vaccines widely.However，to fulfill their potential，they need to be licensed by an independent，strict regulator from another country or by the World Health Organization（WHO）.If countries licensing，few people will trust vaccines to stop the virus.If they are licensed without proper trials，vaccination in general may be discredited. Another way to stretch supplies is to administer more first doses by delaying the booster.Critics argued that the vaccine might be less effective，which would weaken confidence in vaccination，and that exposure to partially protected people may help the virus acquire resistance.Supporters said they had evidence that delayed boosters would work and that immunology suggests people would retain plenty of protection against the virus.To resolve this dispute requires real-world trails.Until such evidence has been collected，WHO has rightly discouraged countries from delaying boosters except in the most desperate circumstances. Vaccination is also a test of whether the world can work together to confront common threats.Modelling suggests that an ideal global distribution of vaccine according to need could save one and a half times as many lives as focusing supplies on rich countries alone.The Pfizer and，to a lesser extent，Moderna vaccines require ultra-cold storage that many low-and middle-income countries lack.But by that logic，countries with more vaccines per person should release cheaper vaccines that tolerate higher temperatures. In this they should work through COVAX，a mechanism for pooling the purchasing and fair distribution of vaccines.It hopes to allocate almost 2 billion doses this year.COVAX hopes to inoculate（接种）the world's 100 million or so health-care workers by summer.Then it needs to find ways to distribute vaccines by need，which varies from country to country.12. What can we infer from the second paragraph？ ______ A. There are not enough vaccines available.B. The production efficiency between countries is different.C. It becomes more urgent to improve the safety of vaccines.D. Medical technologies around the world are not yet guaranteed.13. What does the underlined word"sidestep"in the third paragraph mean？ ______ A. Stop. B. Avoid. C. Finish. D. Consider.14. What does WHO think of delaying the booster？ ______ A. It believes this can protect people from the virus.B. It disapproves of delaying boosters in normal cases.C. It thinks this will shake people's faith in vaccination.D. It considers delaying boosters as a mature practice in hospitals.15. What do we know about COVAX？ ______ A. It gives permission to produce vaccines.B. It's a manufacturer that produces COVID-19 vaccines.C. Its primary task is to give vaccines to health-care workers.D. It's a program to allocate vaccines globally by demand.Learning to Give Praise to Others Words of praise,when used right,can have powerful positive effects on others.They are free,but they're worth so much to the receiving person. (1) Your members didn't follow you because of salaries but for more altruistic（利他的）reasons.Therefore,it is important that you give them the praise that is due for their efforts. (2) Don't say,"You look good today." When you could have said,"You look amazing today!" Don't say,"Thanks for your effort." Instead say "I'm so thankful for your being on this project；we couldn't have finished it without you!" Of course,with all that I have mentioned above,be sure that it's coming from your heart. (3) Don't praise if you don't have a hint of appreciation for the person.Trust me,it will show in your eyes and the other party will feel upset.Insincere praise is flattery（恭维）；you seek to gain something from saying good things about the other person. Besides,praising in public is rather important. (4) When you praise a partner in public,you lift him up and his conduct for everyone in the room to see.Look for opportunities where you can publicly celebrate the hard work of certain people and make them feel they are great. I believe that as you begin using these communication tips and praising people around you,you'll see a change in the atmosphere of your work environment. (5) Eventually,you'll find yourself with a more effective team! A.So you need to be sincere in praise. B.This is more so in voluntary organizations. C.People will become happier and smile more. D.It is much more effective than praise in private. E.Remember that measured praise is no praise at all. F.Words aren't always necessary when praising others. G.The best way to teach kids how to praise others is by being an example.16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. GMy mom is about to have a spinal （脊柱的） operation.The operation is (21)minor,but does carry a risk of paralysis （瘫痪）.Friends and family have(22) to this news by talking in such pessimistic terms that Mom has come to(23)this kind of talk as "psychological theft".It occurs when other people increase your anxiety (24)providing comfort. Last week Mom (25) Geoff who works for the local school. "How are you？" he asked. "Not great," she replied, "I have been having some trouble with my back and I'm going to need a（n） (26).""Oh,the back the most (27) place to operate on!My mom had that and she was in terrible pain." He responded.Geoff's(28)had been kind.He'd given his own mother's story to show sympathy, (29)Mom only heard danger and pain. People could have (30) things that would be equally true,but more (31) to patients. "The specialists in our hospitals are among the best in the world."- that's a good one. "You're going to feel much better (32)."- that's another. I'm not suggesting patients should be (33)from the reality of the risks they're taking.But if the decision to have an operation can't really be (34)，what's the purpose of stressing the (35)？It's just common sense to say, "Get well soon,and how can I help？"21.  A. definitely B. unusually C. relatively D. typically22.  A. listened B. objected C. stuck D. reacted23.  A. choose B. label C. employ D. mistake24.  A. in need of B. in favor of C. instead of D. regardless of25.  A. ran into B. looked for C. heard of D. turned to26.  A. cure B. operation C. treatment D. break27.  A. secure B. dangerous C. common D. apparent28.  A. intention B. assumption C. emotion D. description29.  A. because B. as C. when D. yet30.  A. alternative B. reliable C. reasonable D. attractive31.  A. obvious B. beneficial C. significant D. familiar32.  A. occasionally B. permanently C. initially D. ultimately33.  A. released B. deleted C. separated D. sheltered34.  A. accepted B. made C. avoided D. reached35.  A. drawbacks B. strengths C. dimensions D. procedures36. One day，Vinod Menon，head of the physics department at City College of New York，was going through his office mails.He opened a box，only (1) （find）﹩180，000 with a nameless letter and a return address.Having never seen so much money，he was too shocked to know what to do with it. City College of New York is one of (2) （productive） public university systems in the United States，and the physics department has played a key role.Three Nobel Prize winners in physics received their education there，and in 1921 Albert Einstein gave one of his first lectures (3) campus. " (4) （suppose） that you are a bit curious as to why I am doing this，the reason is simple，" the letter read.It continued to explain that many years before，its generous writer (5) （take） advantage of the excellent educational opportunity，available at City College to study physics，earn a master's degree，and do a long，productive，well-rewarding scientific job.The sender wished to offer the money to poor students learning physics and (6) sciences. The return address was to a house in Pensacola，Florida (7) owners had no idea of the money.The money (8) （put） aside at first，but after (9) two-month-long research which had found nothing that could link it to (10) （activity） which are not lawful，the leaders of the college decided to keep and make good use of the money. Dr.Menon，who grew up in India，noted that the gift would provide for two fully-funded scholarships（全额奖学金）every year for ten years，and that he would try to see it go into the hands of the students who had the fewest means-such as immigrants（移民）like him.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)37. 假如你是李华，暑假你想去香港旅游，你写信向香港的笔友Attlee了解具体情况。内容包括：1.旅游地点的推荐；2.旅游注意事项。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dear Attlee，___________Yours truly，Li Hua38. Let him learn the hard wayPaul was with me in the kitchen helping me out with the dishes.From his facial expression and his unmistakable body language，I knew he wanted to ask something.Paul is doing his second year in a famous high school.I have always been afraid of spoiling him with my love as he is my only child.We are well placed in life.Both of us—my husband and I—are human Resource executive （主管）.As I was about to switch off the kitchen light，Paul came near me with pleading eyes. "Mom.Our school is organizing a trip to the Yellow Stone National Park this time.They are charging only 200 per student，which covers all expenses—train tickets，food and stay.Mom，please，please let me go.I have more than a month's time to pay the money.And we are going only in our holidays."I did not know what to say.My motherly nature was to say an immediate yes to see a smile on my son's face，But I should not spoil this nice kid.So，I said to him， "Paul，I need to talk to Dad.Can I tell you tomorrow morning？""Thanks.Mom."After talking with my husband，we agreed to let him go but make him earn the money."Paul，Dad and I thought about your trip.Yes，in principle it's okay for us.But you have to earn it.You said that you have more than a month to pay the money.""Thanks a lot，Mom.I shall surely save the money well before the due date.""And Paul，I would like to know the progress you make every day.So，let me know how much you have got on a day-to-day basis.You shall write that on this board，Okay？""Okay.Mom.Thanks once again."注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph 1 ：I started keeping track of the money he made every day.________Paragraph 2 ：Despite my concern and anxiety，Paul seemed to enjoy the process.________答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、C、B【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据Valencia部分关键句"Valencia is in the east part of Spain.It has a port on the sea，two miles away on the coast."（巴伦西亚位于西班牙东部。它在海上有一个港口，距离海岸两英里。）可知，巴伦西亚在海上有一个港口，距离海岸两英里，由此可推断出，巴伦西亚的当地人可能经常由海路外出。故选A。 （2）细节理解题。根据Valencia部分关键句Valencia is well known for its parks and gardens.It has many old churches and museums.（巴伦西亚以其公园和花园而闻名。它有许多古老的教堂和博物馆。）可知，巴伦西亚有许多古老的教堂和博物馆，由此可知，巴伦西亚可能有着悠久的历史，古老的教堂吸引了许多基督教徒，与选项A相符；根据Tokyo部分关键句The worst time in the street is at 11：30 at night.That is because the nightclubs are closing at that time and everybody wants to go home then.There are 35，000 nightclubs in Tokyo，and usually none of them is empty at night.（街上最糟糕的时间是晚上11：30。那是因为那时夜总会关门了，每个人都想回家。东京有35000家夜总会，通常晚上没有一家是空的。）可知，东京的夜总会很受欢迎，也会造成交通堵塞，与选项B相符；根据Toronto部分关键句What's more，12.5 percent of the city's population is Chinese."（此外，该市12.5%的人口是中国人。）可知，多伦多12.5%的人口是中国人，由此可知，我们可以在多伦多见到许多来自中国的人，与选项D相符，选项C内容文章没有提到。故选C。 （3）文章出处题。通读文章，结合第一段关键句But we can make a detailed plan for our wonderful trip in the future in advance.Below is some of the most important information to keep in mind to ensure that you have a splendid trip.（但我们可以提前为我们未来的精彩旅行做一个详细的计划。以下是要记住的一些最重要的信息，以确保你有一次精彩的旅行。）可知，本文主要介绍了旅行可以去的三个城市，分别是巴伦西亚、东京和多伦多，并分别介绍了三个城市的地理环境和城市特色等，城市介绍属于地理范畴，由此可知，你可能会在地理杂志上看到这篇文章。A.The advertising section of a newspaper报纸的广告版面；B.A geographical journal地理杂志；C.The official website of the travel agency旅行社的官方网站；D.The lines of a TV programme电视节目的台词。故选B。这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了旅行可以去的三个城市，分别是巴伦西亚、东京和多伦多，并分别介绍了三个城市的地理环境和城市特色等。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。4~7.【答案】A、C、C、B【解析】（1）A.推理判断题。根据第一段内容I was a recent graduate of a leading business school and I was to join a big company in Gomia，Bihar.The company chose only the best，and I was full of it（我刚从一所顶尖商学院毕业，即将加入比哈尔邦戈米亚的一家大公司。公司只选择最好的，我对此充满信心。）和第三段关键句I went up to him and asked him to carry my luggage.（我走到他跟前，请他帮我搬行李。）可知，作者是从一所顶尖商学院毕业的，并被一家大公司录取，他对自己过分自信了，再结合他不客气地让他认为的"司机"帮助他搬行李可知，作者起初有点自大。故选A。 （2）C.推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句He gave me a broad smile and said he was S.K.Kamat.I could have died at that moment.I apologized for my behavior and was at a loss for words（他给了我一个灿烂的微笑，说他是S.K.Kamat。我当时可能已经死了。我为自己的行为道歉，说不出话来。）可知，当作者在办公室认出S.K.Kamat时，他为自己的行为道歉，说不出话来，尴尬得无地自容，由此可知，当作者在办公室认出S.K.Kamat时，他感到尴尬。故选C。 （3）C.细节理解题。根据最后一段关键句He said that he had come to the station to see off a friend.And he had seen me and wanted to be of assistance. （他说他是来车站为一个朋友送行的。他看到了我，想帮我一把。）可知，S.K.Kamat看到作者一个人拿着行李，想为作者提供帮助，所以他没有告诉作者他不是他的司机，由此可知，S.K.Kamat没有告诉作者他不是他的司机是因为他愿意为作者提供帮助。故选C。 （4）B.推理判断题。通读文章，结合最后一段关键句He said that he had come to the station to see off a friend.And he had seen me and wanted to be of assistance.（他说他是来车站为一个朋友送行的。他看到了我，想帮我一把。）可知，文章主要讲述了作者把即将入职的公司的老板误认为是司机，作者以高傲的态度对待他，但他却愿意为作者提供帮助，通过这个故事我们可以学到，无论何时，我们都要尽可能对人友善，由此可知，这个故事传达给我们的信息是无论何时都要尽可能对人友善。故选B。这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者把即将入职的公司的老板误认为是司机，作者以高傲的态度对待他，但他却愿意为作者提供帮助，这个故事告诉我们要对人友善，不要过度自负。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。8~11.【答案】C、A、D、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段More than half of Vietnam's electricity generation came from coal in 2020.（2020年，越南一半以上的发电来自煤炭。）可知，2020年越南发电大部分依靠煤炭。故选C。 （2）细节理解题。根据第三段With its strong emphasis on renewables，the draft PDP8 is quite different from previous plans，which rely heavily on coal，hydropower and natural gas sources.（PDP8草案大力强调可再生能源，与之前的计划有很大不同，之前的计划严重依赖煤炭、水电和天然气资源。）可知，PDP8草案提倡使用可再生能源，与之前相比，更加环保。故选A。 （3）细节理解题。根据第四段Some of the country's transmission lines are operating at a full load or are overloaded，especially in the region where solar capacity in concentrated.Electricity producers have reduced generation from renewables because of grid limitations.The country needs new transmission and distribution infrastructure to accommodate capacity additions and transmit electricity to where it is needed.（越南的一些输电线路正在满负荷运行或过载，特别是在太阳能使用集中的地区。由于电网的限制，发电商减少了可再生能源的发电量。该国需要新的输配电基础设施，以容纳新增容量，并将电力输送到需要的地方。）可知，为了增加电网容量，越南应该加强输配电基础设施建设。故选D。 （4）标题概括题。通读全文，并根据文章第一段In February 202 l，the government of Vietnam released a draft of the country's latest national power development plan（PDP 8）for 2021 to 2030.The draft PDP 8 expands wind and solar capacity and improves grid infrastructure to ensure that the stable operation with a higher share of renewable energy.（2021年2月，越南政府发布了2021至2030年越南最新国家电力发展计划（PDP8）草案。PDP8草案扩大了风能和太阳能电力，并改善了电网基础设施，以确保拥有更多可再生能源之后，电网的稳定运行。）可知，文章主要介绍了越南提倡使用可再生能源的PDP8提案。故选B.Vietnam's latest power plan to expand renewables.（越南扩大可再生能源的最新电力计划）可作为文章标题。故选B。本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了越南提倡使用可再生能源的PDP8提案，以及目前越南电网存在的困难和相应的解决方法。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。12~15.【答案】A、B、B、D【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Salvation（救助）lies in rapid vaccination.It is a test of public health.When the logistics（后勤）are guaranteed，as eventually they would be，the limiting factor willbe how much vaccine is available.Pfizer，Moderna and Astra Zeneca could provide a large dose in 2021，enough for around 2.5 billion people.However，much more is needed，including over a billion doses of Sputnik V from Russia，and two vaccines from China.（拯救之道在于快速接种疫苗。这是对公众健康的考验。当后勤保障得到保证时，最终的限制因素将是有多少疫苗可用。辉瑞、莫德纳和阿斯利康可能在2021年提供大剂量疫苗，足以满足约25亿人的需求。然而，还需要更多的疫苗，包括来自俄罗斯的10多亿剂SputnikV疫苗，以及来自中国的两种疫苗。）可知，虽然辉瑞、莫德纳和阿斯利康在2021年提供的大剂量疫苗足以满足约25亿人的需求，但还需要更多的疫苗，需要其他国家的支援，由此可知，从第二段我们可以推断出没有足够的疫苗可用。故选A。 （2）词义猜测题。根据划线词上句However，to fulfill their potential，they need to be licensed by an independent，strict regulator from another country or by the World Health Organization（WHO）."（然而，为了发挥其潜力，它们需要获得另一个国家或世界卫生组织的独立的、严格的监管机构的许可。）可知，如果想使用非本国疫苗，这些疫苗需要获得另一个国家或世界卫生组织的独立的、严格的监管机构的许可，再结合画线单词所在句中"few people will trust vaccines to stop the virus"（很少有人相信疫苗能阻止病毒）可知，如果提供疫苗的国家回避许可，会导致很少有人相信他们提供的疫苗能阻止病毒，"Avoid"意为回避，避开"。A.Stop停止；B.Avoid避免；C.Finish完成；D.Consider考虑。故选B。 （3）细节理解题。根据第四段Until such evidence has ben collected，WHO has rightly discouraged countries from delaying boosters except in the most desperate circumstances.（在收集到此类证据之前，世界卫生组织正确地劝阻各国，除非在最绝望的情况下，否则不要推迟疫苗加强针。）可知，世界卫生组织认为除非在最绝望的情况下，否则不要推迟疫苗加强计量，换句话说，世界卫生组织不赞成在正常情况下推迟疫苗加强针。故选B。 （4）细节理解题。根据最后一段In this they should work through COVAX，a mechanism for pooling the purchasing and fair distribution of vaccines.（在这方面，他们应该通过COVAX进行工作，COVAX是一种负责疫苗集中购买和公平分配的机制。）和Then it needs to find ways to distribute vaccines by need，which varies from country to country.（然后，它需要找到根据需要分发疫苗的方法，这因国家而异。）可知，COVAX是一种负责疫苗集中购买和公平分配的机制，根据每个国家的情况，根据需要在全球范围分发疫苗，由此可知，COVAX是一个按需求在全球范围内分配疫苗的计划。故选D。这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下，有的国家面临疫苗短缺的问题，及解决这一问题的方法。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。16~20.【答案】B、E、A、D、C【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。本段开头论述Words of praise,when used right,can have powerful positive effects on others          夸赞有积极的作用，并且对接受者有很大意义。横线后的句子Your members didn't follow you because of salaries but for more altruistic（利他的）reasons论述的观点是：你的成员们跟随你不是因为薪水更多是因为利他原因，这一句的论述场景很明确是"企业，组织"，所以作为过渡承接的只有"B.在志愿组织中更是如此。"合适，"voluntary organizations"正好与前面的不是因为薪水照应，故选B。 （2）E.主旨判断题。本段通过两个例子，比较夸赞言语上的不同。例子一，Don't say,"You look good today." When you could have said,"You look amazing today!"            你本可以说"你今天看起来棒极了！"而不要说"你今天看起来很好"；例子二，"I'm so thankful…"相较于前者简单的"thanks for your effort"在夸赞上表现更丰富，更强烈。所以，这两个例子的共同点都是在强调夸赞要夸到位，不要简简单单地随意一句，第二段用了"don't say"可见，作者认为有尺度的赞美根本不是赞美，所以"E.记住，有分寸的表扬根本不是表扬。"符合语境。故选E。 （3）A.细节理解题。本段第一句…be sure that it's coming from your heart（一定要发自内心）以及后面具体描述Don't praise if you don't have a hint of appreciation for the person,            不要在你没有一丝感激的时候去夸赞别人，因为这种虚伪很明显。并且本段也出现了"insincere praise"作为反面比较，所以可以明确本段强调的要点是夸赞需要表现真诚，所以"A.所以你需要真诚的赞美。"符合语境。故选A。 （4）D.推理判断题。本段第一句praising in public is rather important表明观点，公开夸赞是相当重要的，并在后面通过举例When you praise a partner in public,you lift him up and his conduct for everyone in the room to see.Look for opportunities where you can publicly celebrate the hard work of certain people and make them feel they are great                                       论述了公开表扬带来的好处，会让被鼓励的人即使遇到困难的工作也感觉良好，并指出要寻找机会公开夸赞别人，也就是说，公开夸赞比私下夸赞更有效，所以"D.这比私下表扬有效得多。"符合语境。故选D。 （5）C.推理判断题。空格前一句as you begin using these communication tips and praising people around you,you'll see a change in the atmosphere of your work environment                     阐述观点，通过运用夸赞的技巧可以改善工作氛围，空格后一句you'll find yourself with a more effective team!（你会发现自己拥有了一个更有效率的团队 !）而上一段也论述了夸赞会让接受者感到感觉良好，换句话说，就是让人变得开心，所以氛围才会改善，所以"C.人们会变得更快乐，微笑更多。"符合语境。故选C。本文为说明文。介绍的是夸赞带给人的积极作用，以及在进行夸赞时需要注意的一些事项。七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。21~35.【答案】C、D、B、C、A、B、B、A、D、A、B、D、D、C、A【解析】（1）C.考查副词及语境理解。A.definitely确定地；B.unusually特别地；C.relatively相对地；D.tipically典型地。句意：手术相对较小，但确实有瘫痪的风险。根据下文"but does carry a risk of paralysis （瘫痪）"可知，手术小是相对而言，但还是有高风险。故选C项。 （2）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.listened听；B.objected反对；C.stuck粘，贴；D.reated反应。句意：朋友和家人对这个消息的反应是如此悲观，以至于妈妈把这种谈话称为"心理盗窃"。根据下文"by talking in such pessimistic terms"可知，这是朋友和家人的反应。故选D项。 （3）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.choose选择；B.label贴标签，把....称为；C.employ雇用；D.mistake误解。句意：朋友和家人对这个消息的反应是如此悲观，以至于妈妈把这种谈话称为"心理盗窃"。根据下文as "psychological theft"可知，这是作者妈妈把这种谈话称为"psychological theft"。故选B项。 （4）C.考查介词短语及语境理解。A.in need of需要；B.in favor of支持；C.instead of而不是；D.regardless of不顾。句意：当别人增加你的焦虑而不是提供安慰时，就会发生这种情况。根据上文"increase your anxiety"可知，这种谈话带来的是焦虑而不是安慰。故选C项。 （5）A.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.ran into偶遇；B.looked for寻找；C.heard of听说；D.turned to转向。句意：上周妈妈遇到了在当地学校工作的杰夫。根据下文作者妈妈和Geoff对话可知，妈妈遇到了Geoff。故选A项。 （6）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.cure治愈；B.operation手术；C.treatment对待；D.break裂缝。句意：我的背一直有些问题，我需要做个手术。根据第一段"My mom is about to have a spinal （脊柱的）operation."可知，妈妈告诉Geoff她需要做手术。故选B项。 （7）B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.secure安全的；B.dangerous危险的；C.common共同的；D.apparent显而易见的。句意：背部是最危险的手术部位。根据下文"My mom had that and she was in terrible pain. "可知，Geoff在讲背部手术的危险和带来的痛苦。故选B项。 （8）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.intention目的；B.assumption假定；C.emotion情绪；D.description描述。句意：杰夫的本意是善良的。根据下文"He'd given his own mother's story to show sympathy"可知，Geoff的本意是表达同情，所以是善良的。故选A项。 （9）D.考查连词及语境理解。A.because因为；B.as当......时候；C.when当......时候；D.yet然而。句意：为了表示同情，他讲述了自己母亲的故事，但母亲只听到了危险和痛苦。根据下文"Mom only heard danger and pain"可知，Geoff的话让妈妈感到危险和痛苦，与他的本意不一样，上下文有转折关系。故选D项。 （10）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.alternative可替代的；B.reliable可靠的；C.reasonable合情理的；D.attractive吸引人的。句意：人们可以有其他的选择，同样正确，但对病人更有益。根据下文"that would be equally true,but more （11）to patients."可知，除了说Geoff一样的话，我们有还有其它可替代的选择。故选A项。 （11）B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.obvious明显的；B.beneficial有益的；C.significant重要的；D.familiar熟悉的。句意：人们可以有其他的选择，同样正确，但对病人更有益。根据下文的举例"The specialists in our hospitals are among the best in the world."和"You're going to feel much better "可知，这种说法更能让人接受，能给病人带来好处。故选B项。 （12）D.考查副词及语境理解。A.occasionally偶然；B.permanently永久地；C.initially最初；D.ultimately最终。句意：最终你会感觉好很多。根据上文"You're going to"可知，说的是将要发生的事情，所以最终会好起来的。故选D项。 （13）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.released释放；B.deleted删除；C.separated分开；D.sheltered躲避，避难。句意：我并不是说病人应该躲避他们所承担的现实风险。根据上文"I'm not suggesting"和下文"from the reality of the risks"可推知，作者认为病人不应该对风险视而不见，不应该躲避风险。故选D项。 （14）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.accepted接受；B.made制造；C.avoided避免；D.reached抵达。句意：但是，如果真的不能避免手术的决定，强调问题又有什么用呢？根据上文"the decision to have an operation can't really be"可知，作者假设如果手术不能避免的情况。故选C项。 （15）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.drawbacks不利条件；B.strengths优势；C.dimensions方面；D.procedures程序。句意：但是，如果真的不能避免手术的决定，强调问题又有什么用呢？根据上文可知，作者认为向病人描述疾病的风险没有意义，应该换一种更有益的说法，句中说如果手术不能避免，强调疾病的问题和风险有什么意义呢？drawbacks表示"不利条件"。故选A项。本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述母亲手术的经历来告诉我们，向病人描述疾病的风险没有意义，应该换一种更有益的说法。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词是否得当，意思是否正确。36.【答案】【小题1】to find【小题2】the most productive【小题3】on【小题4】Supposing【小题5】had taken【小题6】other【小题7】whose【小题8】was put【小题9】the【小题10】activities【解析】（1）考查动词不定式。句意：他打开一个盒子，却发现里面有18万美元，上面有一封匿名信和一个回信地址。only to find表示"却发现......"，作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，故填to find （2）考查最高级。句意：纽约城市学院是美国最具生产力的公立大学系统之一，物理系发挥了关键作用。one of+the 最高级+可数名词的复数形式，表示"最......的其中一个"，故填the most productive。 （3）考查介词。句意：三位诺贝尔物理学奖获得者在那里接受了教育，1921年阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦在校园里做了他第一次演讲。on campus表示"在校园"，符合句意，故填on。 （4）考查现在分词。句意：假设你对我为什么这么做有点好奇，原因很简单。supposing that...表示"假如......"符合句意，且首字母大写，故填Supposing。 （5）考查动词时态。句意：它继续解释说，多年前，它慷慨的作者利用了城市学院提供的良好教育机会，学习物理，获得硕士学位，并做了一份长期的、富有成效的、回报丰厚的科学工作。结合句意可知，动作发生在continued前面，表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时，故填had taken。 （6）考查形容词。句意：寄件人希望将这笔钱提供给学习物理和其他科学的贫困学生。other表示"其他的"符合句意，作定语修饰sciences，故填other。 （7）考查定语从句。句意：回信地址是佛罗里达州彭萨科拉的一所房子，房子的主人根本不知道这笔钱。此处引导定语从句，先行词为Florida，在从句中作定语，故填whose。 （8）考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：起初这笔钱被放在一边，但经过两个月的研究，没有发现任何可以将其与不合法活动联系起来的东西，学院领导决定保留并好好利用这笔钱。结合句意可知，句子在讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时，主语为The money，谓语动词用三单形式，且与put之间是被动关系，故填was put。 （9）考查冠词。句意：起初这笔钱被放在一边，但经过两个月的研究，没有发现任何可以将其与不合法活动联系起来的东西，学院领导决定保留并好好利用这笔钱。结合句意可知，此处表示特指，故用定冠词，故填the。 （10）考查可数名词的复数。句意：起初这笔钱被放在一边，但经过两个月的研究，没有发现任何可以将其与不合法活动联系起来的东西，学院领导决定保留并好好利用这笔钱。结合句意和are可知，此处用名词的复数形式，故填activities。本文为记叙文，主要讲述了Vinod Menon资助学生的事情。语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。37.【答案】Dear Attlee， How's it going？For the coming summer holiday，I am planning to travel to Hong Kong!I am now writing to ask for your advice.（旅游地点的推荐） First，where do you think I should go？As you know，any place of historic interest fascinates me，not only for its cultural significance but also for its long-lasting appeal to history enthusiasts like me. 【高分句型一】Besides，I am always tempted almost beyond resistance by beautiful scenery，and Hong Kong surely has a great reputation for it.As for travelling in Hong Kong，do you have any other suggestions？（旅游注意事项） I can't wait to see what you are going to recommend! 【高分句型二】Thank you!（感谢） Yours truly，Li Hua【解析】高分句型一：As you know，any place of historic interest fascinates me，not only for its cultural significance but also for its long-lasting appeal to history enthusiasts like me. 译文：如你所知，任何历史名胜都令我着迷，不仅因为它的文化意义，而且因为它对像我这样的历史爱好者的持久吸引力。 分析：这句话使用了as引导的非限制性定语从句。 高分句型二：I can't wait to see what you are going to recommend! 译文：我迫不及待地想看看你要推荐什么！ 分析：这句话使用了what引导的宾语从句。这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。38.【答案】I started keeping track of the money he made every day.When I gave him pocket money two days later，he set aside the entire amount for the trip.He was having lunch with just ＄2 or ＄3 every day and was saving about ＄1 a day.Seeing the amount go up day by day，I felt both relieved and worried.As a matter of fact，many a time did I want to just hand over the money and say "Go and and enjoy" But I told myself that I was doing this only for his good. Despite my concern and anxiety，pal seemed to enjoy the process.Thus，what I did in the following days was just witness him record the amount and give him a high five.Two days before the due date when he arrived home after school，he cried with excitement， "Mom，I made it!" seeing the bright smile in Paul's face and the shaking fist in triumph，I hugged him tightly with grateful tears in my eyes.I was sure that he would enjoy the trip better through making the money himself by a little sacrifice.【解析】这是一篇读后续写。文章以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的儿子Paul想要参加学校组织的旅行，为了不惯坏孩子，作者和丈夫商量后同意孩子去参加，但要他自己挣旅行需要的开销。孩子高兴地答应了。 高分句型一：Seeing the amount go up day by day，I felt both relieved and worried. 翻译：看到这个数字一天比一天高，我感到既放心又担心。 分析：运用了现在分词作状语。 高分句型二：But I told myself that I was doing this only for his good. 翻译：但我告诉自己，我这样做只是为了他好。 分析：运用了that引导宾语从句。解题方法点拨  （1）品读原文，确定文章线索        每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。        （2）仔细审题，明确续写要求        一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。        （3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路        根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。        （4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句        在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。