高中英语高考2022年新高考全国1卷高三英语二轮复习 30分语言运用练

这是一份高中英语高考2022年新高考全国1卷高三英语二轮复习 30分语言运用练，共29页。
30分语言运用练运用练一Ⅰ.完形填空(2021·湖南长郡中学模拟)The sound woke Damian Languell at 8：15 in the morning.Watching out of his bedroom window, he saw a tree __1__ in smoke about 500  yards away.A car was wrapped around the tree’s base, its engine __2__．“I grabbed buckets of water，” said Languell.Then he ran to the crash __3__．The car looked worse up close.It was nearly __4__ into two, and the tree was where the driver’s seat ought to have been, as if planted there.No one should have __5__ this crash, and yet there was 16－year－old Quintin Thompson, his __6__ face pressed against the driver’s side window, in visible __7__．Languell, 35, tried pouring the fire with his buckets of water with no success.“When the __8__ got into the front seats, I realized I had to get him out of there，” he said.Completely __9__  his own safety,  Languell opened the car’s back door and __10__ in.He cut through Thompson’s seat belt using a pocketknife he’d had the foresight to bring with him.Now that Thompson was free of the __11__， Languell pulled him out of the vehicle, and then __12__ the teen to safety just before the entire car was surrounded in flames.Although Thompson suffered several breakings to his legs, spine, and face, a social media post __13__ him as “looking great, smiling，and joking”．Displaying the sort of sympathy that __14__ him to help, he explained, “My heart goes out to Thompson.When you are that close to that level of hurt, you feel it so __15__．”【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。本文记叙了达米安·兰格尔目睹了一场车祸，并且冒着生命危险从中救出幸存者的故事。1．A.swallowed B．preservedC．melted D．settled答案　A　[根据下文A car was wrapped around the tree’s base和空后的in smoke可推知，树被烟“吞没”了。swallow“吞没”，preserve“保存”，melt“熔化”，settle“解决”。]2．A.beyond reach B．under controlC．on fire  D．in shape答案　C　[根据上文的描述可知，车撞上了一棵树，且根据第二段倒数第二句中的pouring the fire可知，引擎应该是起火了。beyond reach“够不着”，under control“在控制中”，on fire“起火”，in shape“呈……形状的事物”。]3．A.levels B．surroundingsC．direction D．site答案　D　[根据语境可知，兰格尔应该是拿着一桶水跑向撞车地点。level“等级”，surroundings“环境”，direction“方向”，site“地点”。]4．A.developed B．arrangedC．shot D．divided答案　D　[根据空后的into two可知，此处表示车子几乎被撞成两半。develop“发展”，arrange“安排”，shoot“射击”，divide“分割”。]5．A.explained B．plannedC．survived D．prevented答案　C　[根据常识和上文对车祸情况的描写可知，按理说没有人可以活下来。explain“解释”，plan“计划”，survive“幸存”，prevent“阻止”。]6．A.terrified B．relaxedC．moved  D．confused答案　A　[根据车祸的惨烈状况可知，Quintin Thompson应是非常害怕的。terrified“害怕的”，relaxed“放松的”，moved“感动的”，confused“困惑的”。]7．A.eagerness B．doubtC．pain D．devotion答案　C　[根据常识可知，经历了车祸，Quintin Thompson应是很痛的。eagerness“渴望”，doubt“怀疑”，pain“疼痛”，devotion“奉献”。]8．A.flames B．waterC．branches D．fuel答案　A　[根据语境可知，兰格尔灭火失败，当火焰蔓延到前排座位时，兰格尔意识到必须把车里的人救出来。]9．A.denying B．ignoringC．respecting D．guaranteeing答案　B　[根据上文可知，火焰已经蔓延到前排座位，情况非常危险，此处表示兰格尔为了救人完全忽视了自己的危险。deny“否认”，ignore“忽视”，respect“尊重”，guarantee“保证”。]10．A.climbed B．slippedC．ran D．called答案　A　[根据语境可知，兰格尔需要爬进汽车，才能救Quintin Thompson。]11．A.dilemma B．trapC．destination D．embarrassment答案　B　[根据上文可知，兰格尔割断了安全带，所以Quintin Thompson摆脱了困境。]12．A.forced B．showedC．dragged D．accompanied答案　C　[根据语境可知，兰格尔将Quintin Thompson拖出汽车，再拖到了安全的地方。force“强迫”，show“展示”，drag“拖”，accompany“陪伴”。]13．A.thanked B．employedC．served D．described答案　D　[根据空后的“as‘looking great, smiling，and joking’”可知，尽管汤普森受了一些伤，但一家社交媒体称他“看上去很棒，微笑着，还开玩笑”。]14．A.ordered B．droveC．begged D．trained答案　B　[根据Displaying the sort of sympathy that和him to help可知，此处表示对汤普森的同情驱使兰格尔义无反顾地去救人。order“订购”，drive“驱使”，beg“祈求”，train“训练”。]15．A.directly B．hopelesslyC．calmly D．effectively答案　A　[根据上文的the sort of sympathy可知，此处表示当你靠近受伤如此严重的人时，你就会感同身受]。Ⅱ.语法填空(2021·郑州市第二次质量检测)After traveling 1.____________space for seven months，China’sTianwen－1 probe (探测器) has reached Mars and 2.____________ (smooth) entered the orbit on February 10，2021，according to China National Space Administration.The administration also published a black－and－white picture of Mars taken by Tianwen－1 3.____________ the probe was about 2.2 million kilometers from Mars.The name “Tianwen”，4.____________ (borrow) from an ancient Chinese poem by Qu Yuan of the state of Chu，5.____________ (mean) “the quest for heavenly truth”．Tianwen－1，the country’s first 6.____________ (independence) Mars mission (任务)，was launched by a Long March 5 heavy－lift carrier rocket，by far the 7.____________ (large) launch vehicle in China，from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan Province，on July 23，2020.The mission  8.____________(design) to study the composition of the Martian atmosphere as well as contribute to the ongoing search for past and present life.9.____________ will be the first mission in space history to complete orbiting，landing and wandering at a time.The final goal is to soft－land a rover (巡视器) in May on the southern part of Mars’ Utopia Planitia 10.____________ (conduct) scientific surveys.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了“天问一号”的成功发射，还介绍了探测器的名称由来和发射目的等。1．through/in　[考查介词。根据空后的“space”可知，该处指“在太空中旅行”，故用介词through或者in。]2．smoothly　[考查词性转换。副词修饰动词，空处修饰动词“entered”，故用smooth的副词形式。]3．when　[考查状语从句。根据语境“中国国家航天局还公布了一张由‘天问一号’在距离火星约220万千米时拍摄的火星黑白照片”可知，空处引导时间状语从句。应用when作连接词，表示“在……时候”。]4．borrowed　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语动词为5空，此空为非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词。]5．means　[考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子谓语，该句陈述的是客观情况，故用一般现在时；该句主语为The name “Tianwen”，为单数概念，故谓语动词用单数。]6．independent　[考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词短语“Mars mission”，故用independence的形容词形式。]7．largest　[考查比较等级。此处表示2020年7月23日，我国首个独立火星任务“天问一号”在海南省文昌航天发射中心由中国迄今为止最大的运载火箭长征五号重型运载火箭发射升空。根据空前的“by far the”可知，空处用最高级“largest”。]8．is designed/has been designed　[考查时态语态。该句主语The mission 和动词design之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；该句可以用一般现在时陈述当前客观事实，也可以用现在完成时强调设计此任务带来的影响或结果。]9．It 　[考查代词。结合语境可知，空处指代上句的主语“The mission”，故用It。]10．to conduct　[考查非谓语动词。该句意为：该任务的最终目标是在5月份在火星的乌托邦平原南部软着陆一辆火星车，以进行科学调查。应用动词不定式表示目的。]
运用练二Ⅰ.完形填空(2021·青岛市高三质检)In January this year, a fire destroyed the building that housed Yossi Heiman’s Fish Market in Borough Park, Brooklyn.The __1__ made Yossi Heiman have no place to operate his business and no ability to get __2__．The merchant Shea Langsam owns a(n) __3__ store, just few blocks away.One would have thought that sympathetic as he may be to his competitor’s bad luck, he would welcome this opportunity to __4__ new customers and increase his business.__5__ Shea did something truly excellent.When he learned of the fire, he __6__ the phone and called Yossi Heiman.Not only did he __7__ him but when he heard Yossi say he would need a facility and deliver __8__ to his customers, he said，“Don’t worry！Why not __9__ me in my store before your store could be rebuilt? As fellow community members we all should try to help each other.”Shea did as he promised and Yossi __10__ his losses.The story is wonderful and it’s a(n) __11__ of seeing fellow community members as part of one family, putting needs of others __12__ their own needs.Businessmen usually want to make more money or grow their __13__ but the story is __14__：It’s a truly sincere display of true faith and great kindness.Real faith means __15__ others and having a heart of sympathy and mercy like Shea.【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。本文讲述了这样一个故事：尤西·海曼经营的店铺发生了火灾，在他一筹莫展的时候，同行谢伊·兰萨姆非但没有落井下石，趁机抢占市场和客户，反而热心帮助竞争对手渡过难关。1．A.explosion B．battleC．accident D．campaign答案　C　[根据上文a fire和下文have no place to operate his business可知，这是一场事故(accident)。explosion“爆炸”；battle“战斗”；campaign“运动，活动”。]2．A.attention B．assistanceC．information D．income答案　D　[根据上文have no place to operate his business和常识可知，尤西·海曼没有地方经营自己的生意，也就没有收入(income)。attention“注意”；assistance“帮助”；information“信息”。]3．A.similar B．mysteriousC．online D．outdoor答案　A　[根据下文just few blocks away及his competitor’s bad luck可知，谢伊和尤西·海曼是竞争对手，所以他们应经营的是相似的(similar)店铺。mysterious“神秘的”；online“在线的”；outdoor“户外的”。]4．A.treat B．acquireC．depend on D．give up答案　B　[根据下文increase his business可知，虽然谢伊·兰萨姆可能会同情尤西·海曼的不幸遭遇，但是他完全可以抓住这次机会以获得(acquire)更多的新顾客。treat“对待”；depend on“依靠，取决于”；give up“放弃”。]5．A.Moreover B．ThereforeC．Instead D．Though答案　C　[根据下文的Shea did something truly excellent和上文的内容可知，谢伊没有趁机获得更多的新顾客，而是(instead)做了很出色的事情。moreover“此外”；therefore“因此”；though“即使”。]6．A.picked up B．hung upC．repaired D．provided答案　A　[根据下文的called 尤西·海曼可知，此处是指谢伊拿起(pick up)电话。hang up“挂断电话”；repair“修理”；provide“提供”。]7．A.doubt B．comfortC．turn to D．laugh at答案　B　[根据下文的“Don’t worry！...try to help each other.”可知，谢伊给尤西打电话，不仅安慰(comfort)了他，还主动提出要给予尤西帮助。doubt“怀疑”；turn up“求助于”；laugh at“嘲笑”。]8．A.service B．spirit  C．orders D．notes答案　C　[根据his customers可知，尤西需要一个场所来经营自己的生意并给客户送货(order)。service“服务”；spirit“精神”；note“笔记”。]9．A.replace B．attendC．enable D．join答案　D　[根据下文“As fellow community members we all should try to help each other.”可知，谢伊让尤西在其店铺重建之前去他的店里继续经营生意。join sb意为“和某人一起”。replace“取代，代替”；attend“出席”；enable“使能够”。]10．A.maintained B．recoveredC．reported  D．cut答案　D　[根据Shea did as he promised可知，谢伊让尤西在其店铺重建之前去他的店里继续经营生意，因此尤西可以减少(cut)他的损失。maintain“维持”；recover“恢复”；report“报道”。]11．A.example B．reminderC．challenge D．guide答案　A　[根据seeing fellow community members as part of one family可知，这个故事是一个将社区成员视为家庭成员的例子(example)。reminder“起提醒作用的东西”；challenge“挑战”；guide“指南，向导”。]12．A.because of B．ahead ofC．out of D．in spite of答案　B　[根据上文“________Shea did something truly excellent.”和“Don’t worry！Why not ________ me in my store before your store could be rebuilt？”可知，谢伊没有借此机会抢走客户，反而帮助了尤西。这是把别人的需要放在自己的需要前面(ahead of)。because of“因为，由于”；out of“离开，在外”；in spite of“尽管，不顾”。]13．A.duty B．fameC．interest D．business答案　D　[根据Businessmen usually want to make more money和常识可知，商人通常都想要赚更多的钱，扩大自己的生意(business)。duty“责任”；fame“名声，名望”；interest“兴趣，利益”。]14．A.exceptional B．boringC．ridiculous D．old答案　A　[根据but可知，这个故事是不寻常的(exceptional)。boring“无聊的”；ridiculous“可笑的，荒谬的”；old“老的，旧的”。]15．A.losing track of B．settling forC．caring for D．calming down答案　C　[根据having a heart of sympathy and mercy like Shea可知，真正的信任意味着像谢伊一样关心(care for)他人并且有一颗充满怜悯的心。lose track of“失去联系”；settle for“无奈接受，勉强同意”；calm down“平静下来，镇定下来”。]Ⅱ.语法填空(2021·福州市3月质量检测)The ox has a significant place in Chinese culture.Centuries ago，most people earned their living through farming and the ox was used 1.____________ (help) farm and carry heavy goods.Ancient Chinese poets and writers 2.____________ (frequent) described the ox in literature.In the Classic of Poetry，the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry，the animal 3.____________ (mention) several times.The ox is considered a symbol of diligence and 4.____________ (sincere)．To this day，the phrase “the spirit of ox” still refers 5.____________ conquering anything that may present itself as an obstacle.The spirit is highly praised and many people follow it as their work ethic (行为准则)．When 6.____________ comes to someone who gains a great  achievement through hard work，people often use “niu”，7.____________ (mean) “awesome”，to describe him or her.Oxen seldom bully the weak or fear 8.____________ strong.They work hard and make sacrifices.This is reflected in a poem by Lu Xun：“Head bowed，like a willing ox，I serve the children.”The poem 9.____________ (imply) that Lu Xun would serve the people heart and soul and would never give in to enemies，10.____________ fully expresses the poet’s loyalty to the people.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，牛在中国文化中有很重要的地位，牛被认为是勤劳和真诚的象征。时至今日，“牛的精神”仍被用来形容克服一切困难的精神，受到高度的赞扬，更是许多人的工作守则。牛也很少欺软怕硬，会辛苦工作，作出牺牲。1．to help　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定用法be used to do sth，表示“被用来做某事”。]2．frequently　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰句子中的动词described。]3．was mentioned　[考查时态语态。分析句子结构可知，the animal指的是牛，该句表述了在中国现存的最古老的诗歌集《诗经》中，牛被数次提及，再结合空前一句使用了一般过去时可知，此处应该使用一般过去时的被动语态。]4．sincerity　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应与and之前的diligence为并列结构，应该使用名词形式。]5．to　[考查介词。refer to为固定短语，表示“描述”，因此应该填to。]6．it　[考查代词。when it comes to...为固定结构，意为“当涉及……”，因此应填it。]7．meaning　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为分词短语作定语，动词mean和其逻辑主语“niu”之间为主谓关系，因此应使用meaning。]8．the　[考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用“the＋形容词”表示一类人，the strong表示强大的人或事物，与or之前的the weak呼应，因此应使用定冠词。]9．implies　[考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境及结合本段叙述所使用的时态可知，此处应使用一般现在时且主语poem是单数，故填implies。]10．which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“that Lu Xun...to enemies”，空处在从句中作主语，因此应使用which。] 
运用练三　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.完形填空(2021·河北唐山一模)In 2014, the Varkey Foundation established the Global Teacher Prize.It is to reawaken the world’s __1__ and importance of teachers.This year’s Prize __2__ to Disale, a primary school teacher from India.Shortly after the __3__ in London, Disale announced that he intended to __4__ half of the prize money with the other nine co－finalists.He wanted them to __5__ and lighten the lives of more students.Back in 2007, Disale had to enroll (加入) in a teacher－training program __6__ after being refused by an engineering university of his choice.However, he soon realized the impact educators could make on __7__ lives.After graduating,  he accepted a __8__ in a tiny village.The school building was far from satisfactory.What’s worse, the villagers __9__ education, especially for girls.Even the courses were not written in the native language, Kannada.Disale stepped up to the __10__ by first learning Kannada himself and then translating all the textbooks into the native language. He even organized  after－school “Edutainment” activities to awaken the students’ __11__．His __12__ have paid off and extended (延伸) beyond his tiny village.Today, his tiny school has __13__ 100 percent attendance from girls.His project, Let’s Cross the Borders, is designed to build __14__ between young people in conflict zones.Given his commitment, it is __15__ that he has received the prize.【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。2020年全球教师奖被颁给了印度乡村教师迪塞尔，他为乡村教育事业做出了巨大贡献。1．A.imagination B．appreciationC．delight D．discussion答案　B　[imagination“想象”；appreciation“感激”；delight“高兴”；discussion“讨论”。根据空后的and importance of teachers可知，设立全球教师奖的目的是唤起全世界对教师的重视和感激。]2．A.went B．appealedC．turned D．tended答案　A　[句意：今年的奖颁给了来自印度的小学教师迪塞尔。go to表示“被给予”。]3．A.calculation B．visitC．ceremony D．arrangement答案　C　[calculation“计算”；visit“参观”；ceremony“典礼”；arrangement“安排”。根据常识可知，奖金是在颁奖典礼上发的。]4．A.exchange B．spendC．share D．save答案　C　[句意：在伦敦举行的颁奖典礼后不久，Disale宣布他打算与其他九位入围决赛的选手分享一半的奖金。share...with...表示“与……分享……”。]5．A.stand out B．show upC．come up D．reach out答案　D　[stand out“突出”；show up“出现”；come up“上升”；reach out“伸出”。根据空后的and lighten the lives of more students可知，此处指他想让其他九位入围决赛的选手能够伸出手帮助更多的学生。]6．A.particularly B．happilyC．unwisely D．unwillingly答案　D　[particularly“尤其”；happily“快乐地”；unwisely“不明智地”；unwillingly“不情愿地”。根据上文中的had to与空后的after being refused by an engineering university of his choice可知，迪塞尔是在申请被拒绝之后，才不得不参加教师培训项目的。]7．A.young B．fragileC．lonely D．common答案　A　[根据常识及上文“He wanted them  to ________ and lighten the lives of more students.”可知，学生大多数都是年轻人，所以是教育工作者对年轻人产生影响。]8．A.title B．positionC．reward D．promotion答案　B　[句意：毕业后，他接受了一个小村庄里的工作。title“标题”；position“职位”；reward“奖励，回报”；promotion“提升”。]9．A.doubted B．choseC．assessed D．balanced答案　A　[doubt“怀疑”；choose“选择”；assess“评估”；balance“平衡”。根据especially for girls和“Even the courses were not written in the native language，Kannada.”可知，村民们怀疑教育。]10．A.challenge B．fameC．standard D．danger答案　A　[challenge“挑战”；fame“名声”；standard“标准”；danger“危险”。根据“by first learning Kannada himself and then translating all the textbooks into the native language.”可知，迪塞尔开始自学卡纳拉语，然后把所有的课本翻译成本地语言，这对他来说是个挑战。]11．A.memory B．curiosityC．tolerance D．sympathy答案　B　[memory“记忆”；curiosity“好奇心”；tolerance“容忍”；sympathy“同情”。根据“He even organized after－school‘Edutainment’activities”可知，迪塞尔组织课外“寓教于乐”活动的目的是激发学生的好奇心。]12．A.skills B．ambitionsC．bets D．efforts答案　D　[skill“技巧”；ambition“雄心”；bet“打赌”；effort“努力”。根据and extended(延伸) beyond his tiny village可知，迪塞尔的努力得到了回报。]13．A.required B．forcedC．achieved  D．supported答案　C　[require“要求”；force“强迫”；achieve“获得，达到”；support“支持”。此处与上文“What’s worse，the villagers ________ education, especially for girls.”形成了对比，表示“现在的女生出勤率达到了100%”。]14．A.courage B．peaceC．truth  D．mercy答案　B　[courage“勇气”；peace“和平”；truth“事实”；mercy“宽恕”。根据空后的between young people in conflict zones可知，空处与conflict相对应，所以此处表示“迪塞尔的‘让我们跨越边界’项目旨在在冲突地区的年轻人之间建立和平。”]15．A.surprising B．legalC．interesting D．natural答案　D　[根据常识及Given his commitment可知，迪塞尔获奖是很自然的。]Ⅱ.语法填空(2021·潍坊市高三联考)There are places on Earth that 1.____________ (puzzle) scientists in the past centuries and have been the subject of much discussion around the world.Two of the most fascinating places are Easter Island and Stonehenge.Lying in the South Pacific，Easter Island is one of the most isolated places on Earth and is famous for the large stone monoliths (独块巨石) that line its coast.Shaped like human heads，these structures，2.____________ were carved by ancient people，range in 3.____________  (high)from about 5 to 22 meters.Today，about 600 stones remain.On the opposite side of the world stands Stonehenge.This ancient English site is a collection of large stones arranged 4.____________ two circles，one inside the other.Although only ruins of the original formation exist today，archaeologists believe that the inner circle of bluestones，each 5.____________ (weigh) about 4 tons，was built first.The giant stones that form the outer circle，6.____________ (know) as sarsen (砂岩漂砾) stones，each weigh as much as 50 tons!Scientists 7.____________ (current) believe that early Polynesian residents carved  8.____________ island’s monoliths—believed to be some symbols—from volcanic rock，and then pulled them to their different 9.____________ (location)．And the enormous stones at Stonehenge 10.____________ (transport) from places around the country.Scientists consider this a remarkable achievement，for heavy lifting equipment used in modern construction was not available at that time.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。地球上仍有许多科学家未解之谜，而对于复活岛和史前巨石柱而言，在没有大型起重搬运设备的时期，如何搬运巨石是科学家的疑问。1．have puzzled/have been puzzling　[考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在定语从句中作谓语，句中有in the past centuries，因此应该使用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。因先行词places为复数，故助动词用have。]2．which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为these structures，且空处在从句中作主语，因此使用which。]3．height　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作介词in的宾语，因此应该使用名词形式。]4．in　[考查介词。be arranged in two circles意为“被安排成两个圈”，in在此处用来显示某物的形式、形状。]5．weighing　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中有完整的句子成分，故空处考查非谓语动词结构，each是weigh动作的发出者，因此应该使用weighing，构成独立主格结构。]6．known　[考查非谓语动词。分析句意及句子结构可知，此处考查过去分词作the outer circle的后置定语，表示“被称作”。]7．currently　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语，应用副词，因此填currently。]8．the　[考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处表示特指，the island指代上文提及的Easter Island。]9．locations　[考查名词的数。空处被形容词different修饰，因此空处使用名词复数形式。]10．were transported　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处应该填谓语，且与主语stones为被动关系，整句叙述的是过去发生的事件，因此使用一般过去时的被动语态。又因主语 stones 为复数，故填were transported。]运用练四　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.完形填空Over a hundred years ago，in a Scottish seaside inn，a group of fishermen were relaxing after a long day at sea.As a serving maid was walking __1__ the fishermen’s table with a pot of tea，one of the men made a sweeping __2__ to describe the size of the fish he had caught.His hand had a collision with the teapot and sent it __3__ against the whitewashed wall，where its contents left a(n) __4__ brown spot.Standing nearby，the innkeeper surveyed the damage.“That stain(污点)will never come off，” he said in discomfort.“The whole wall will have to be repainted.”“Perhaps not.” All eyes __5__ the stranger who had just spoken.“What do you mean？”asked the innkeeper.“Let me work with the __6__，”said the stranger，standing up from his table in the corner.“If my work __7__ your approval，you don’t need to repaint the wall.”The stranger picked up a box and went to the wall.Opening the box，he withdrew pencils，__8__，and various colours.He began to draw lines around the stain and filled it in here and there with different colours.__9__ a picture began to appear.The stain of tea had been turned into the picture of a deer with a magnificent pair of antlers.At the bottom of the picture，the man __10__ his name.Then he paid for his __11__ and left.The innkeeper was__12__ when he examined the wall. “Do you know who that man was？” he said in amazement.“The signature reads‘E.H.Landseer！’”Indeed，they had been visited by the __13__ painter of wildlife，Sir Edwin Landseer.God wants to take the stains and disappointments of our life so do not __14__ erase them，but rather turn them into a thing of __15__．【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章叙述了一个海滨小酒馆内发生的故事。渔民失手打碎了侍者的茶壶，在墙壁上留下了污渍，画家现身作画，化腐朽为神奇。1．A.on B．pastC．over D．through答案　B　[根据情景推断，服务员应该是从餐桌旁经过。past是介词，意为“经过”。]2．A.movement B．signalC．gesture D．fly答案　C　[说话者当时挥舞着手，通过手势(gesture)描述他捕捞到的鱼的大小。]3．A.crashing B．slidingC．flowing D．running答案　A　[此时的茶壶经过碰撞以后已经脱手，因此是猛撞(crash)。]4．A.regular B．irregularC．beautiful D．popular答案　B　[由情景推断，茶渍在墙上留下的应该是不规则的(irregular)污点。]5．A.fell onto B．glared atC．turned to D．looked upon答案　C　[在大家都为此感到束手无策的时候，传来这样的声音，当然引起了大家的注意，目光一齐转向(turn to)说话的陌生人。]6．A.stain B．teapotC．picture D．paint答案　A　[根据后文可知，这个陌生人要处理墙上这个污点(stain)。]7．A.permits B．supportsC．meets D．needs答案　C　[假如我的工作得到你的赞成，你就不用再刷墙了。meet one’s approval得到某人的批准/赞成。]8．A.papers B．brushesC．knives D．boards答案　B　[根据其职业特点和后来所做的事情可推断，刷子(brush)应该是其必不可少的用具。]9．A.However B．ThereforeC．Soon D．Meanwhile答案　C　[很显然，画家一动手，不久(soon)图画就出现了。]10．A.stressed B．signedC．drew D．covered答案　B　[画家的职业习惯，作完画以后要署名(sign)。后面出现的signature是空格所填词的同义复现。]11．A.meal  B．damageC．fish D．work答案　A　[他在饭店用完餐，付的肯定是饭费。其余选项不符合逻辑，也不符合当时的事实。]12．A.puzzled B．worriedC．astonished D．embarrassed答案　C　[从后文可知，酒店老板听说过这位著名画家，因此感到惊讶。其中in amazement是空格所填词的同义复现。]13．A.well－known B．unknownC．common D．special答案　A　[由文章可知，那个陌生人是著名的(well－known)野生动物画家。]14．A.hardly B．merelyC．deliberately D．rarely答案　B　[对于人们生活中的污点和失望上帝接受了，因此不要只是把它们擦掉，而是要将它们变成美好的东西。根据句意，故选B项。]15．A.honesty B．kindnessC．beauty D．art答案　C　[参见上题解析。]Ⅱ.语法填空(2021·南昌市二模)There are many reasons 1.____________ college and university students often fail 2.____________ (get) full nights of sleep.Many American students are away from their parents for the first time when they attend college.They might not be used to having total 3.____________ (free) in how they plan their days and nights.Parties, late night study meetings, or just time spent relaxing with friends—these are all things that cut into college students’ sleep habits.A few years ago, Michael Scullin began teaching 4.____________ science of sleep to psychology students at Baylor University in Waco, Texas.Scullin is an assistant professor at Baylor and the director of its Sleep Neuroscience and Cognition Laboratory.He says his students seemed to enjoy the class and were interested in the material he was teaching.The class 5.____________ (center) round why the body needs to sleep and the physical and mental health problems 6.____________ (cause) by a lack of sleep.This includes difficulty focusing on studies or 7.____________ (control) one’s attentions，and increased risk of many diseases. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that adults need at least seven hours of sleep a night to stay 8.____________ (health)．Scullin found students who slept more performed 9.____________ (well) in two different classes，10.____________ he published his findings in two academic publications last November.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了大学生睡眠不足的原因，以及美国教师的研究发现：睡眠多的学生课堂表现更好。1．why　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格后是定语从句，先行词是reasons，故填关系副词why。]2．to get　[考查非谓语动词。由句意可知，此处表示“不能睡好觉”，使用的是fail to do(未能做……)这一用法。]3．freedom　[考查词性转换。由空格前having total可知空格处应填名词freedom。]4．the　[考查冠词。由句意可知，空格处特指“睡眠科学”，故填定冠词the。]5．centered　[考查时态。由前一句时态可知，此处应使用一般过去时，介绍做过的实验所关注的内容。]6．caused　[考查非谓语动词。由句意和句子结构可知，空格后应填过去分词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词problems。]7．controlling　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填controlling，与空格前focusing on studies保持一致。另外，空格前连词or也是解题信息。]8．healthy　[考查词性转换。由句意可知，空格处表示“保持健康”，故填形容词healthy。]9．better　[考查比较等级。由句意可知，本句暗含比较意义，即睡眠多的学生表现更好，故填better。]10．and　[考查并列连词。由句意可知“Scullin发现睡眠多的学生表现更好”和“他在两份学术刊物上发表了自己的发现”是并列关系，故填并列连词and。]运用练五Ⅰ.完形填空(2021·潍坊市高三模拟)Trent Johnson just celebrated his graduation from medical school in Ohio with a ceremony at his parents’ home in Florida.He __1__ a couple weeks before his actual ceremony that the college was canceling it on account of the deadly coronavirus.He was absolutely __2__．His friends __3__ him (to) create a website so that all of his family flying into Columbus originally still could celebrate __4__．They made the living room look as special as possible given the __5__ of the ceremony.There’s nothing that could have substituted that special __6__．His twitter where the video immediately went __7__ has almost half a million views.He was on the news and was __8__ in New York Times.“I remember seeing my face on the newspaper and thinking ‘wow, I not only became a doctor, but I motivated people all over the world to __9__ their dreams.’ That was truly a (n) __10__ moment”．Johnson was brought up in an underdeveloped area where people would have __11__ socioeconomic class and it was the type of the community that he wanted to __12__．Now as a __13__ at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, he __14__ has an opportunity to do that.As Johnson settles into his new surroundings, he will continue to spread his message of hope and __15__．【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。主人公约翰逊在朋友们的帮助下，和家人在网上庆祝了自己的毕业典礼。这段视频在他的Twitter上迅速走红，有近50万的浏览量。约翰逊如今是一名医生，他表示自己将继续传播希望和鼓舞人心。1．A.recognized B．learnedC．anticipated D．recalled答案　B　[根据下文的the college was canceling it on account of the deadly coronavirus可知，此处是指约翰逊在几个星期前得知了典礼取消的消息。learn意为“得知”，符合语境。]2．A.sorrowful B．pitifulC．awkward D．guilty答案　A　[结合常识可知，对约翰逊来说，像毕业典礼这么重要的活动被取消，他肯定是十分伤心的。sorrowful意为“悲伤的”，符合语境。]3．A.permitted  B．beggedC．appointed D．helped答案　D　[根据下文可知，约翰逊在网上庆祝了自己的毕业典礼。由此推测，此处是指朋友们帮助约翰逊创建了一家网站。help sb(to)do sth意为“帮助某人做某事”。]4．A.consistently B．virtuallyC．casually  D．formally答案　B　[根据上文的him to create a website可知，此处是指虚拟地庆祝。virtually意为“虚拟地”。]5．A.standard B．originC．popularity D．atmosphere答案　D　[根据语境及“They made the living room look as special as possible given the ________ of the ceremony.”可知，为了营造毕业典礼的氛围，他们使客厅看起来尽可能特别。atmosphere意为“氛围”，符合语境。]6．A.memory B．optionC．moment D．design答案　C　[结合上文可知，他们在网上庆祝毕业典礼，所以此处是指庆祝典礼那个特殊的时刻。下文的“That was truly a(n) ________ moment.”也是提示。]7．A.viral B．madC．wild D．blank答案　A　[根据下文has almost half a million views可知，约翰逊在网上庆祝毕业典礼的视频有近50万的浏览量，所以此处是指视频在网上迅速传播开来。go viral意为“走红；迅速传播”。]8．A.evaluated B．featuredC．engaged D．promoted答案　B　[“He was on the news and was ________ in New York Times.”可知，此处是指约翰逊被《纽约时报》重点报道。feature在此处意为“重点报道；特别报道”。]9．A.change B．startC．sacrifice D．follow答案　D　[根据空前的motivated及语境可知，此处是指约翰逊激励了全世界的人去追随他们的梦想。follow one’s dream意为“追随某人的梦想”。]10．A.scary B．awfulC．incredible D．specific答案　C　[结合上文内容“thinking‘wow，I not only became a doctor, but I motivated people all over the world...’”可知，约翰逊想到自己不仅成了一名医生，还激励了别人，对此感到不可思议。incredible意为“不可思议的”。]11．A.low B．powerfulC．rare D．noble答案　A　[根据上文约翰逊 was brought up in an underdeveloped area可推知，欠发达地区的人们社会经济地位低下。]12．A.heal B．escapeC．reform  D．serve答案　D　[结合上文it was the type of the community that he wanted to以及后文提到的“约翰逊作为医生有机会帮助他人”可推知，他渴望为那些欠发达地区的社区服务。serve意为“服务”。]13．A.pioneer B．chemistC．physician D．professor答案　C　[根据上文的I not only became a doctor 可知，约翰逊如今是一名医生。physician意为“医生”。]14．A.seldom B．just  C．still D．yet答案　B　[结合上文可知，约翰逊希望为欠发达地区的社区服务。而如今他成了医生，这刚好是一个为他人服务的机会。just意为“正好，恰好”。]15．A.admiration B．innovationC．cooperation D．inspiration答案　D　[根据上文的but I motivated people all over the world to ________ their dreams和he will continue to spread his message of hope and可知，约翰逊希望传播希望和鼓舞人心。]Ⅱ.语法填空(2021·贵阳市高三适应性考试一)Singapore’s tradition of eating out in places called hawker (小贩) centers is now 1.____________ (recognize) by the United Nations for its cultural 2.____________ (important)．A hawker is a person 3.____________ sells food or goods and advertises by shouting at people walking by on the street.Hawkers are an important part of Singaporean culture.Open－air eating areas where hawkers sell 4.____________ (they) goods are very popular.On Wednesday，the United Nations’ cultural agency，UNESCO，added the city’s “hawker culture” to its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.Singapore 5.____________ (seek) to have hawker culture added to the list about two years ago.Now that it has been recognized，Singapore must provide 6.____________ report every six years for UNESCO.The report must show efforts the city－state has made 7.____________ (save) and support hawker culture.“These centers serve 8.____________ ‘community dining  rooms’ where people from diverse backgrounds gather and share the experience of dining over breakfast，lunch and dinner，”UNESCO said.However，Singapore’s hawker culture does face difficulties.The average age of a hawker in Singapore is 60 years old.Younger Singaporeans now want to work in offices.They are less 9.____________ (interest) in working in small restaurants.The COVID－19 health crisis also hurts sales，preventing foreign visitors from 10.____________ (eat) out.During the first few months of 2020，restrictions on movement and social distancing also stopped locals.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，主要介绍了新加坡颇具特色的小贩文化和小贩的特点以及小贩文化面临的困境。1．recognized　[考查语态。分析句子结构可知，recognize在句中作谓语，表被动，故用过去分词recognized。]2．importance　[考查词性转换。根据空前面的cultural可知，空处需要用到名词，所以空处需要填importance。]3．who/that　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个限制性定语从句，先行词是表示人的名词person，在从句中作主语，所以空处需要用到关系词who/that。]4．their　[考查代词。根据空后面的名词goods以及所给提示词可知，空处需要用到形容词性物主代词，所以空处需要填their。]5．sought　[考查时态。分析句子结构可知，seek在句中作谓语，结合本句的时间状语about two years ago可知，本句需要用到一般过去时，且表主动，所以空处需要填sought。]6．a　[考查冠词。空处表泛指，且空后的名词report的发音以辅音音素开头，所以空处需要填不定冠词a。]7．to save　[考查非谓语动词。此处考查非谓语动词作目的状语，所以空处需要填to save。]8．as　[考查介词。此处考查固定表达serve as，意为“充当”，所以空处需要填as。]9．interested　[考查词性转换。be interested in为固定搭配，意为“对……感兴趣”，所以空处需要填interested。]10．eating　[考查非谓语动词。prevent sb from doing sth为固定搭配，意为“阻止某人做某事”，所以空处需要填eating。]运用练六Ⅰ.完形填空(2021·湖北七市高三联考)Adam Finley loves his job as a mail carrier.When the __1__ in his community moved entirely online, Finley felt sorry for the students  __2__ inside all day.One day, Finley decided to do something to help lift the __3__ of the Jones sisters who haven’t been able to go to school all year.After __4__ with the girls’ parents, Finley drew some index cards (索引卡) out of his pocket and started the first of many __5__ of Tick－Tac－Toe (井字棋)．Every morning, the girls would run to the mailbox to see Finley’s latest move and make their strategic __6__， leave the cards in the mailbox, and wait for Mr.Adam to make his move when he returned with their mails the following day.“It was what they __7__ every morning, seeing what move he would make，” said Mrs.Jones.Finley would let the girls __8__ so he could reward them. “They are always __9__ to win.I’ve surprised them with gift cards for ice－cream, popcorn, anything to make them __10__．At 7：30 every morning, those girls are excited waving at the door.That’s my __11__，” Finley said.Nowadays Finley is playing the game with other neighborhood kids. Mrs.Jones said although 2020 has been __12__， she is grateful for the __13__ it taught her and her family about __14__ the small moments in life.“Thank you, Finley, for bringing such __15__ to such a dark year，”she added.【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。邮递员亚当·芬利在疫情期间，通过玩井字棋游戏给社区的孩子们带去欢乐。1．A.mails B．storesC．schools D．libraries答案　C　[根据下文的the students ________ inside all day和the Jones sisters who haven’t been able to go to school all year可知，此处是指芬利所在社区的学校完全进入线上(授课)状态。]2．A.stuck B．hiddenC．wandering D．quarrelling答案　A　[根据空前的“entirely online，Finley felt sorry for the students”可知，此处是指芬利为那些被整天困在家里的学生感到难过。]3．A.voices B．parcelsC．curtains D．spirits答案　D　[根据上文的felt sorry for the students ________ inside all day和下文芬利与Jones姐妹玩井字棋游戏可知，此处是指芬利决定做点儿什么来帮助振奋琼斯姐妹的精神，使她们高兴。]4．A.bargaining B．checkingC．trading D．fighting答案　B　[根据常识可知，在与孩子们接触之前先要与其父母商议，以取得他们的同意。]5．A.games B．versionsC．images D．wonders答案　A　[根据语境及空后的Tick－Tac－Toe(井字棋)可知，此处是指在与女孩们的父母协商后，芬利从口袋里拿出了一些索引卡，开始玩第一个井字棋游戏。]6．A.preparations B．inventionsC．moves D．cards答案　C　[根据空前的Finley’s latest move和空后的wait for Mr.Adam to make his move可知，此处是指每天早上，琼斯姐妹都会跑到邮箱去查看芬利最新下的一步棋，然后在卡片上画出她们下的一步，将卡片留在邮箱，等待芬利第二天来送信时下他的那一步棋。]7．A.looked into B．looked forward toC．looked for D．looked back on答案　B　[根据上文的the girls would run to the mailbox to see Finley’s latest move可知，此处是指姐妹俩每天早上盼望的就是看芬利最新下的一步会是什么棋。]8．A.play B．waitC．create D．win答案　D　[根据空后的so he could reward them 可知，姐妹俩要是赢了就会得到奖励。]9．A.expected B．boredC．excited D．qualified答案　C　[根据语境可知，姐妹俩要是赢了就会得到芬利的奖励，所以她们总是因获胜而兴奋。]10．A.smile B．stayC．hesitate D．wave答案　A　[根据语境及空前的“I’ve surprised them with gift cards for ice－cream，popcorn...”可知，此处是指芬利通过给姐妹俩冰激凌或爆米花礼品卡，以及任何让她们开心一笑的东西，带给她们惊喜。]11．A.suggestion B．rewardC．decision D．ending答案　B　[根据语境可知，芬利努力帮助孩子们振奋精神，看到孩子们期望和兴奋地招手就是对他最好的回报。]12．A.strange B．lengthyC．smooth D．tough答案　D　[根据背景知识及上文可知，由于新冠肺炎疫情的蔓延，学生无法到校上课，只能整日在家中上网课，所以此处是指2020年很艰难。]13．A.trick B．lessonC．story D．skill答案　B　[根据空后的it taught her and her family可知，此处是指琼斯太太很感激艰难的2020年，因为它给她和她的家人上了一课。]14．A.appreciating B．spendingC．collecting D．recording答案　A　[根据语境并分析选项可知，此处是指琼斯太太很感激艰难的2020年，因为它教会了她和她的家人重视生活中的小时刻。]15．A.honor B．creditC．opportunity D．light答案　D　[根据上文可知，琼斯太太觉得2020年是很艰难的一年，而芬利为琼斯姐妹带来了欢乐，再根据空后的to such a dark year可知，此处是指琼斯太太感谢芬利给这样黑暗的一年带来光明。]Ⅱ.语法填空(2021·潍坊市高三统一考试)In the third century BC，the full stop (句号) or period 1.____________ (introduce) by Greek literary critic Aristophanes of Byzantium.It is used 2.____________ (show) the end of a sentence.However，the full stop has a different meaning to teenagers and those in their early 20s，3.____________ interpret it as a sign of anger.And there is a reason for that.The younger generation has grown up using the texts as their primary means of communication.When sending messages，they tend to break up their thoughts by sending each one as 4.____________ separate message，instead of using a full stop.They feel the full stop once 5.____________ (use) in traditional texting is not essential at all because the message is now ended just by sending it.David Crystal，one of the world’s leading language 6.____________ (expert)，argues that the usage of full stops is being revised in a really fundamental way.In his book，he says that the full stop has become an emotion marker that 7.____________ (remind) the receiver that the sender is angry or 8.____________ (annoy)．Though the full stop has taken on a different meaning to the younger generation，specialists note that it is important to take language environment 9.____________ account.For example，using full stops in an email is 10.____________ (perfect) acceptable and is not considered rude.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。句号被用来表示一个句子的结束。但现在句号对青少年和20岁出头的年轻人来说其意义发生了变化，它被他们视为生气的标志。1．was introduced　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。空处作谓语。根据空前的“In the third century BC”可知，此处需使用一般过去时；根据空后的“by”和语境可知，此处表被动，应用被动语态，又主语为单数，故填was introduced。]2．to show　[考查非谓语动词。此处表示“它被用来表示一个句子的结束”，表目的，故应使用不定式。故填to show。]3．who　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who。]4．a　[考查冠词。根据空前的“each one”可知，此处表示“作为一个单独的信息”，表泛指，又separate的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。]5．used　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词短语作定语，修饰the full stop。“the full stop”与所给词“use”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词used。]6．experts　[考查名词的数。one of后加可数名词的复数形式，故填experts。]7．reminds/will remind　[考查时态和主谓一致。空处作定语从句的谓语，空前的“that”是关系代词，指代先行词“an emotion marker”；此处可看作对客观存在的情况的表述，又that在此处表单数概念，故用一般现在时的单三形式；由于是信息，所以接收者了解发信人的情感是发出信息之后的事，故可用一般将来时。故填reminds/will remind。]8．annoyed　[考查词性转换。根据空前的“the sender is angry or”可知，此处需使用形容词修饰人，表示人的感受，故填annoyed。]9．into　[考查介词。take sth into account意为“把……考虑进去”，固定搭配，符合语境，故填into。]10．perfectly　[考查词性转换。修饰形容词需使用副词，故填perfectly “完全地，非常”。]