2021-2022学年山东省名校联盟高二（下）质检英语试卷（3月份）（含答案解析）

这是一份2021-2022学年山东省名校联盟高二（下）质检英语试卷（3月份）（含答案解析），共17页。

In additin t ur annual bk awards, we als recmmend multicultural and nature bks in ur regular issues and in this clumn. Check ut these recently published bks at yur public library.
We Are Water Prtectrs by Carle Lindstrm; illustratr: Michaela Gade.
Raring Brk Press.
Inspired by the recent native led mvements t prtect the sacred native lands and the nutritius waters that are abslutely necessary fr life, this beautifully illustrated bk invites us t jin the calling t prtect ur water frm eclgical destructin.
Ages 5-9.
Guru Nanak: First f the Sikhs by Demi.
Wisdm Tales.
Guru Nanak, brn in India ver 500 years ag, traveled thrugh Suth Asia and Arabian Peninsula fr 25 years sharing his message f heartfelt wrship, hnest wrk, peach sharing, service t humanity and equality fr all. Learn abut his remarkable life in this beautifully illustrated picture bk.
Ages 5-9.
Firdaus Learns Abut the Heart by Dr. Sara Kulsum Alavi; illustratr: Aurica Safiulin
FirdausandFriends.cm.
This is a really cl way t learn abut human anatmy (解剖学) and the heart, in particular Firdaus is a junir student at Medina Academy, and she lves science because her teacher, Mrs. Ahmed, makes it exciting and easy t understand. Using activities, diagrams, experiments and fun facts, she teaches students abut the human heart.
Ages 9-12.
The Glden Key f Gangtri by Eyal N. Dann.
Blue Branch Press.
Harley is a 21-year-ld student in New Yrk, whse father disappeared in the high Himalayas. This sul-tuching adventure, set in Nrthern India, takes readers n Harley's jurney f self-discvery, in which she uncvered the answers she had been desperate t find.
Ages 13-18.
1. What is We Are Water Prtectrs abut?
A. Medical develpment.B. An adventure in Himalayas.
C. A bigraphy.D. Envirnmental prtectin.
2. Hw many bks mentined in the text are suitable fr a 9-year-ld by?
A. One.B. Tw.C. Three.D. Fur.
3. Where is The Glden Key f Gangtri set?
A. In the USA.B. In India.C. In the UK.D. In East Asia.
B
A little girl,dressed as a dinsaur,prvides interesting cmmentary（现场解说）while snwbarding in a cute vide,which has becme ppular and is melting peple's hearts.
Rbert Garlw f Yakima,Washingtn,shared the Instagram vide last week featuring his daughter,4-year-ld Aubrin Sage,enjying a wnderful snwbarding.Garlw said in his vide that he decided t capture Aubrin's cmmentary t watch her thinking prcess while snwbarding.
Garlw has been dcumenting his kids since their birth and he is always interested in trying t include their vices and thinking prcess when they are hiking,playing,biking and s n.Accrding t her dad,Aubrin has been snwbarding since 2018，when she was 18 mnths ld.Snwbarding tgether has created sme f their best memries as a family.
Garlw said he was making sure he was capturing as many special memries as he culd n their winter adventures,even the nes he didn't expect.Garlw wrte,"My gal is t make every time ut a psitive experience s that she asks t cme back.I want her lve f snwbarding t cme frm her heart,nt applied by us."
Snwbarding has taught Aubrin many lessns already.Garlw said,"She has learned hw t deal with adversity（逆境）whether it is bad weather,persnal discmfrt r frustratin and maintain a psitive attitude thrugh it." Garlw wrte,"She has spent a lt f time utside in the muntains during the winter,s nt many situatins in life trial her.She has becme brave and cnfident and capable f prblem slving."
He added,"She's als an ld sul,seemingly wise beynd her years.She's always surprising us with her intelligence,thughts and curisity."
4. Why did Garlw decide t capture his daughter's cmmentary？ ______
A. T entertain the audience.
B. T bserve her thinking prcess.
C. T make her ppular thrugh vide.
D. T train her t snwbard skillfully.
5. What can we knw abut Aubrin frm paragraph 3？ ______
A. She lacks interest in sprts.
B. She is fnd f taking phts.
C. She has a talent fr snwbarding.
D. She skatebards t create memries fr her family.
6. What des Aubrin learn frm skatebarding？ ______
A. Hw t address prblems.B. Why snwbarding is useful.
C. What t d in the future.D. What is imprtant in life.
7. Which f the fllwing can best describe Aubrin？ ______
A. Sensible and lvely.B. Caring and energetic.
C. Ambitius and enthusiastic.D. Gifted and intelligent.
C
Fr years,it has been generally accepted that "dg years" are rughly human years times seven-that a 1-year-ld puppy is like a 7-year-ld child,and an 11-year-ld elderly dg is like a 77-year-ld senir citizen.But experts say it's actually much mre cmplicated.
Part f the prblem is that while humans have clear measurements fr healthy aging,little is knwn abut "nrmal aging" fr ur fur-legged friends.Big dgs tend t age the fastest-maybe 10 times faster than humans-while little breeds （品种） may live t be 20 years ld,with "dg years" abut five times human years.
The Dg Aging Prject（DAP），funded in 2018，is by far the mst ambitius prject handling the questin f canine lngevity（犬类寿命）and studying tens f thusands f dgs f all sizes,breeds and backgrunds t develp a thrugh understanding f canine aging.Their pen-surce dataset will give scientists the tls t assess hw well a specific dg is aging and will set the stage fr further research int healthy aging-in bth dgs and peple.
The DAP expects t run fr at least 10 years.T date,mre than 32，000 dgs have jin the "DAP Pack" as the researchers call their canine citizen scientists. "Within a few mnth the team plans t pen their enrmus dataset t share with scientists arund the wrld.Researchers frm many different fields will have the pprtunity t cntribute t the study cuntless different ways,based n their interests.It is an hnr t share ur wrk with t scientific cmmunity," said Kate Creevy,lead authr n the paper and DAP's chief veterinary （兽医） fficer. "The DAP is creating a resurce with the pwer t transfrm veterinary medicine,aging research,and many scientific and nn-scientific fields f explratin."
8. Why is it difficult t determine a dg's aging？ ______
A. There is n clear standard.
B. There is n time t bserve it.
C. There is n enugh prf.
D. There is n rganizatin caring fr it.
9. What is the main gal f the DAP？ ______
A. T cllect different kinds f dgs.
B. T pen their study results t scientists.
C. T better study peple and dgs.
D. T thrughly figure ut canine aging.
10. What des Kate Creevy think f their wrk？ ______
A. Pssibly unsuccessful.B. Beneficial t different fields.
C. Impssible t cntrl.D. Difficult t predict.
11. What is the main idea f the text？ ______
A. Why a dg dies early.B. Why we study a dg's life.
C. Hw lng a dg's life is.D. What the DAP is.
D
Newcastle University research is helping t prepare fr and relieve strm damage befre extreme weather ccurs.Climate experts and engineers have created a new mdel t predict the damage caused by extreme weather.This new framewrk fr "cnsequence frecasting" enables first respnders t effectively target resurces befre an extreme weather event cmes,such as Strm Eunice.
The pre-event decisin-making mdel wrks by first develping relatinships between wind speed and faults n the electricity netwrk.The relatinships are then used t estimate faults f electricity netwrks and ptential custmer interruptins.This mdel can be used as early as 24 hurs befre extreme weather events.
Published in the jurnal Climate Risk Management,the study findings enable effective first respnse t manage infrastructure（基础设施）systems by dangerus weather.Having the frecasting tls t predict and prepare fr strm damage will reduce the scial cnsequences f extreme weather,including pwer lss fr custmers and fines fr electrical distributin cmpanies.
Dr.Wilkinsn said,"Our mdel has the ptential t change the way we manage weather and climate risks t ur infrastructure netwrks.While electricity netwrk peratrs already prepare extra resurces when a strm appraches,predicting hw many pwer lines may be blwn dwn and where these are likely t be lcated will allw them t better target the necessary resurces t mre quickly repair any damage.This is likely t becme even mre imprtant in the future as ur changed climate is predicted t prduce mre frequent and mre intense strms and sme f these may be beynd the experience f the peple tasked t deal with them."
Study c-authr,Prfessr Hayley Fwler,f Newcastle University's Schl f Engineering,added,"This cnsequence frecasting is s imprtant fr planning emergency respnse in fast-evlving strms like Eunice.Our mdel culd be used t regularly update energy cmpanies and ther infrastructure peratrs n the ptential cnsequences f appraching strms,as frecasts are updated in real-time."
12. What can the new framewrk d？ ______
A. Prevent extreme weather frm happening.
B. Help climate engineers create mre mdels.
C. Rid peple f the pssible extreme weather.
D. Help rescuers effectively find resurces befre extreme weather.
13. Which wrd can replace the underlined wrd "smitten" in paragraph 3？ ______
A. attractedB. inspectedC. attackedD. impressed
14. What is paragraph 4 mainly abut？ ______
A. The significance f the mdel.
B. The ptential risks f the mdel.
C. The dwnsides f the mdel.
D. The wrking principle f the mdel.
15. What wuld be a suitable title fr the text？ ______
A. Prevent extreme weather ccurring frequently
B. Predict and prepare fr the impact f appraching strms
C. Prvide electricity netwrk peratrs with extra resurces
D. Update energy cmpanies and ther infrastructure peratrs
Packing Tips fr Travel Packing smart and light is quite necessary fr a cmfrtable trip.Light baggage ensures truble-free travel.Here are sme essential packing tips t help yu enjy yur travel.
Regular use/handy items.Regular use r yur persnal handy items need t be taken instantly r separated frm the luggage whenever required. (1) .And then start packing them after clthes and valuables.Include sme useful items such as ear drps,eye masks,medicines,a small twel,and scissrs （less than 6 inches）.
Vacuum （真空） and space bags.It is nt surprising that the entire packaging may be d just with vacuum bags,space bags,and plastic bags.Being airtight and waterprf,the bags prvide great rm fr strage.They can fit in stuff three t fur times greater than cnventinal bags. (2) .
Family packing tips.Often thse travelling with kids tend t believe that they might quire a whle range f prducts fr their kids. (3) .Try t carry nly the essential items a leave the rest that can be bught utside.Yu can dwnlad apps fr kids that d nt require the Internet cnnectin.This will keep them engaged n the rute withut carrying a range tys.
(4) .When it cmes t clthing fr wmen,having a chice f cmmn clrs is great,as they can mix and match utfits.A set f lightweight tps and jeans is ideal fr bth indr and utdr.Bring a set f waist cats,lng sleeves,and pants fr frmal wears. (5) ， as they tend t be heavy.Instead,try fashinable sneakers,which give gd cmfrt t yur feet.
Fllwing these tips will help yu in managing yur travel in an efficient way.Enjy yur trip!Bn Vyage!
A.S,make a list first
B.Packing tips fr wmen
C.But this is nt always true
D.Avid carrying hiking shes
E.Avid taking t much luggage
F.These srts f bags are highly recmmended fr flight travels
G.Suitcases with flexible handles are lightweight and easy t carry
16. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
Riding a wave is an experience that kids with disabilities might think impssible.That's why Ride a Wave（RAW） was (21) .The nnprfit rganizatin gives kids with(22) a chance t feel the excitement f surfing.
Every year frm April thrugh June,RAW prvides 8-day camps.Physically and develpmentally(23) yung peple cme frm miles away t participate.S far,the rganizatin has(24) ver 2，500 kids t have a life-changing day at the beach.
At(25)，families help their children check in.Yu can see the excitement n the kids' faces as they see the beach in the first ray f sunshine.After(26) life jackets,the kids are ready t ride the(27) T the frnt f the surfbard is a seat specially designed fr children with physical(28) .A RAW vlunteer(29) the bard safely.Being in the water allws children t(30) cnfidence.It lets them knw they can d smething that seems impssible.
Mariah Vash was a girl brn with a rare speech disrder.(31)，it can be difficult fr thers t knw exactly what she wants t(32) .But the vlunteers in RAW manage t understand her. "She deeply lves water.The cean,lake,(33) r even a simple bath makes her(34) .She has been t RAW six times!She has taught me and my entire family hw t lve (35)and hw t laugh as much as pssible.It is selfless service that RAW is all abut," said Mariah's father,Stuart Vash.
21. A. rankedB. establishedC. rewardedD. stpped
22. A. disabilitiesB. expressinsC. natinalitiesD. families
23. A. decentB. harmniusC. tiredD. challenged
24. A. cmmandedB. criticisedC. assistedD. represented
25. A. sunriseB. nnC. sunsetD. dusk
26. A. making upB. handing utC. putting nD. thrwing away
27. A. elevatrsB. wavesC. bikesD. hrses
28. A. exerciseB. linkC. examsD. limitatins
29. A. cntrlsB. drillsC. lsensD. displays
30. A. acknwledgeB. gainC. dubtD. lack
31. A. CuriuslyB. FrtunatelyC. CnsequentlyD. Alternatively
32. A. serveB. checkC. bearD. express
33. A. campB. plC. sunlightD. rganizatin
34. A. delightedB. calmC. embarrassedD. emtinal
35. A. incrediblyB. selfishly
C. uncnditinallyD. slightly
36. Abut three millin peple in the United States find they smetimes have a prblem with stuttering (口吃), (1) causes them t repeat the beginning sund f wrds r whle wrds while they are speaking. At (2) (time), they even have difficulty (3) (say) a wrd. Peple wh stutter knw exactly what they wuld like t say but find it difficult t prduce a nrmal flw (4) speech and cmmunicate with thers.
Arthur Blank is the wner f the Falcns, an American ftball team in Atlanta. He stutters. Other members f his family als stutter. Blank says, "Judging cmmunicatin just by (5) fluent yu are is nt really enugh. Yu need t learn mre if yu want t freely express (6) (yu)." Last week, he gave the University f Texas at Austin ﹩20 millin (7) (create) a new center fr research and educatin int stuttering. It (8) (call) the Arthur M. Blank Center fr Stuttering Research and Educatin.
Curtney Byrd, a prfessr f speech, language and hearing sciences at the university, will lead the center. She says, "Our fcus is n the persn, nt n the stuttering. We're teaching (9) (variety) peple as yung as 3 years f age t adults ver the age f 90, yu can cmmunicate (10) (efficient), and yu can d s even if yu cntinue t stutter."
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
37. 上周末，你校开展了"京剧进校园（Beijing Opera int the Schl）"活动。你班邀请了一位艺术家为同学们上了一堂有关京剧文化的课。请你给英文报写一篇报道，内容包括
1.艺术家的授课情况；
2.同学们在课堂上的表现；
3.你的体会。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如一下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Last weekend,ur schl launched an activity called "Beijing Opera int the Schl".________________
38. Jacb,wh was a driver,was sent t pick me up.It tk us three hurs n a drive inland in Mexic t where I'd be wrking.As we were driving,he tld me his stry.As mst f peple knw,I like t chat and get t knw abut peple and their stries.
He shared with me that since the pandemic（流行病）he had had t change jbs and he was currently spending six days a week away frm his family in a twn that had mre wrk.
He mentined the name f his hmetwn "Nah Bk" and shared that he had t spend five hurs n his nly day ff getting there and back t spend ne day with them.
My father had wrked away when I was yung,smetimes away fr weeks and mnths at a time.I remembered us kids waiting fr ur turn t have just a cuple f minutes n the phne with him back befre we had the Internet vide sftware.
S tw hurs int ur drive when I saw a sign saying "Nah Bk"，I asked him,"Jacb,was that where yur family lives？" He said yes and it was abut 5 miles dwn the rad.I suggested,"Why dn't we stp and say hell？" He lked at me like I was crazy r jking and I asked again,"Why dn't we stp？" He bviusly didn't want t get in any truble.He was hesitant and asked if I sure.I abslutely was.Thinking f the man wh had t spend five hurs getting there and back t spend sme time with his family,I culdn't help but want him t g hme.
As we pulled ver,his wife was chatting n the ther side f the rad with her mther-in-law.They were s excited t see him.All f the children came ut and I gt t hear a little bit abut each f their lives.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I saw a happy scene f family reunin.____________________
It was then that the whle family nticed my presence.____________________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、C、B
【解析】【文章大意】本篇是一篇应用文，介绍了最近出版的几本有关多元文化和自然的书。
1. 根据We Are Water Prtectrs by Carle Lindstrm的介绍“受最近由当地人发起的保护神圣的土著土地和生命绝对必需的营养水的运动的启发，这本精美的插图书邀请我们加入保护我们的水免受生态破坏的呼吁。”可知，这本书号召我们保护水资源，所以是有关环保的。故选D。
2. 根据We Are Water Prtectrs by Carle Lindstrm部分的Ages 5-9；Guru Nanak: First f the Sikhs by Demi部分的Ages 5-9；以及Firdaus Learns Abut the Heart by Dr. Sara Kulsum Alavi部分的Ages 9-12可知，这三本书适合9岁的孩子阅读。故选C。
3. 根据The Glden Key f Gangtri by Eyal N. Dann.的介绍This sul-tuching adventure, set in Nrthern been desperate t find.（这本感人肺腑的冒险故事发生在印度北部，带读者踏上了哈利的自我发现之旅，在这段旅程中，她发现了自己一直渴望找到的答案。）可知，这个故事发生在印度北部。故选B。
4~7.【答案】B、C、A、D
【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Garlw said in his vide that he decided t capture Aubrin's cmmentary t watch her thinking prcess while snwbarding.加洛在视频中说，他决定捕捉奥布林的评论，观察她滑雪时的思维过程。可知，Garlw在视频中说，他决定录制Aubrin的现场解说，以观察她在滑雪时的思过程。故选B。
（2）C.推理判断题。根据第三段第二句Accrding t her dad,Aubrin has been snwbarding since 2018，when she was 18 mnths ld.Snwbarding tgether has created sme f their best memries as a family.据她父亲说，奥布林从2018年开始滑雪，当时她18个月大。一起滑雪创造了他们作为一家人最美好的回忆。可知，Aubrin从2018年起就开始滑雪，当时她才18个月大。由此可见，Aubrin很有滑雪天赋。故选C。
（3）A.细节理解题。根据第五段Snwbarding has taught Aubrin many lessns already.Garlw said,"She has learned hw t deal with adversity（逆境）whether it is bad weather,persnal discmfrt r frustratin and maintain a psitive attitude thrugh it." Garlw wrte,"She has spent a lt f time utside in the muntains during the winter,s nt many situatins in life trial her.She has becme brave and cnfident and capable f prblem slving."滑雪已经给奥布林上了很多课。加洛说："她学会了如何应对逆境，无论是坏天气、个人不适还是挫折，并在逆境中保持积极的态度。"加洛写道："冬天，她在山里呆了很多时间，所以生活中没有多少情况考验她。她变得勇敢、自信，有能力解决问题。"可知，她学会了如何面对逆境并且保持积极的态度。她变得勇敢自信，已具备解决问题的能力。故选A。
（4）D.推理判断题。根据本篇文章的大意可知，文章讲述了一个四岁小女孩因一边滑雪，一边幽默地解说而走红。由此可知，Aubrin是一个有天赋且聪明的孩子。故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个四岁小女孩因一边滑雪，一边幽默地解说而走红。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
8~11.【答案】A、D、B、C
【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据文章第二段"Part f the prblem is that while humans have clear measurements fr healthy aging,little is knwn abut "nrmal aging" fr ur fur-legged friends.（部分问题在于，虽然人类对健康衰老有明确的衡量标准，但对我们四条腿的朋友的"正常衰老"却知之甚少。）"可知，因为狗的正常衰老没有明确的标准，所以人类对狗的衰老知之甚少。故选A。
（2）D.目的意图题。根据文章第三段"The Dg Aging Prject （DAP），funded in 2018，is by far the mst ambitius prject handling the questin f canine lngevity （犬类寿命） and studying tens f thusands f dgs f all sizes,breeds and backgrunds t develp a thrugh understanding f canine aging.（狗老化项目（DAP）成立于2018年，是迄今为止最雄心勃勃的项目，处理犬类寿命问题，并研究数万只不同大小、品种和背景的狗，以全面了解犬类老化。）"可知，犬类衰老项目主要是为了全面地了解狗的衰老问题。故选D。
（3）B.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段"Researchers frm many different fields will have the pprtunity t cntribute t the study cuntless different ways,based n their interests.It is an hnr t share ur wrk with t scientific cmmunity（来自不同领域的研究人员将有机会根据自己的兴趣以无数不同的方式为研究做出贡献。很荣幸能与科学界分享我们的工作）"和"The DAP is creating a resurce with the pwer t transfrm veterinary medicine,aging research,and many scientific and nn-scientific fields f explratin.（ DAP正在创造一种资源，具有转变兽医医学、老龄化研究以及许多科学和非科学领域探索的力量。）"可推知，Kate Creevy认为他们的工作涉及多门学科，这样的联合研究对这些学科都有益处。故选B。
（4）C.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段"But experts say it's actually much mre cmplicated.（但专家表示，实际情况要复杂得多。） "和第三段"The Dg Aging Prject （DAP），funded in 2018，is by far the mst ambitius prject handling the questin f canine lngevity and studying tens f thusands f dgs f all sizes,breeds and backgrunds t develp a thrugh understanding f canine aging.（狗老化项目（DAP）成立于2018年，是迄今为止最雄心勃勃的项目，处理犬类寿命问题，并研究数万只不同大小、品种和背景的狗，以全面了解犬类老化。）"可知，本文的主要内容是科学家们为了弄清狗的寿命问题，做了大量的研究。故选C。
这是一篇说明文。犬类动物的年龄如何界定？为此一个机构动用大量的人力和物力进行研究。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
12~15.【答案】D、C、A、B
【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据文章第一段"This new framewrk fr "cnsequence frecasting" enables first respnders t effectively target resurces befre an extreme weather event cmes,such as Strm Eunice.（这种"后果预测"的新框架使急救人员能够在极端天气事件（如尤妮斯风暴）到来之前有效地锁定资源）"可知，新框架帮助救援人员在极端天气来临前有效地找到资源。故选D。
（2）C.词句猜测题。根据上句"the study findings can enable effective first respnse t manage infrastructure systems（研究结果可以有效地对基础设施系统进行第一时间响应）"以及后句"by dangerus weather.（被危险天气）"可知，研究结果可以有效地对被恶劣天气危害的基础设施系统进行第一时间响应。由此推知，划线处与attacked（袭击；侵害）意思接近。A.attracted吸引；B.inspected调查；C.attacked袭击；D.impressed给…留下深刻印象。故选C。
（3）A.段落大意题。根据文章第四段"Our mdel has the ptential t change the way we manage weather and climate risks t ur infrastructure netwrks.（我们的模型有可能改变我们对基础设施网络的天气和气候风险的管理方式）"以及"This is likely t becme even mre imprtant in the future as ur changed climate is predicted t prduce mre frequent and mre intense strms and sme f these may be beynd the experience f the peple tasked t deal with them.（这在未来可能变得更加重要，因为我们的变化的气候预计会产生更频繁和更强烈的风暴，其中一些可能超出了负责应对它们的人的经验）"可知，本段主要讲的是模型的意义。故选A。
（4）B.标题归纳题。文章主题段第一段"Climate experts and engineers have created a new mdel t predict the damage caused by extreme weather.This new framewrk fr cnsequence frecasting enables first respnders t effectively target resurces befre an extreme weather event cmes,such as Strm Eunice. （气候专家和工程师创建了一个新的模型来预测极端天气造成的破坏，这种"后果预测"的新框架使急救人员能够在极端天气事件（如尤妮斯风暴）到来之前有效地锁定资源）"及后文讲到了新的模型的工作原理、意义和作用。由此可知，文章主要讲的是新的模型可以预测和准备即将到来的风暴的影响。D项：Predict and prepare fr the impact f appraching strms（预测和准备即将到来的风暴的影响）适合作本文标题。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候专家和工程师创建了一个新的模型来预测极端天气造成的破坏，并说明其工作原理、意义和作用。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
16~20.【答案】A、F、C、B、D
【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据空前"Regular use r yur persnal handy items need t be talken instantly r separated frm the luggage whenever required.（经常使用的东西或者方便的东西需要立马就能拿出来或者需要与行李分开装。）"以及空后"And then start packing them after clthes and valuables.Include sme useful items such as ear drps,eye masks,medicines,a small twel,and scissrs （less than 6 inches）.（然后在衣服和贵重物品收拾完后开始将它们打包。包括一些常用的东西，比如说滴耳剂，眼罩，药，小毛巾和剪刀。（小于6英寸））"可知，空前提到需要将经常使用的东西与行李分开放，以便容易取出来，且空后提出然后开始打包它们，并且列举了几个常用的东西，故A项"因此，首先要列出一张清单"承上启下，承接前文，要将常用的东西列一张清单，把它们与行李分开放；引出下文，列一张清单，具体说明有哪些东西。故选A项。
（2）F.推理判断题。根据空前"Being airtight and waterprf,the bags prvide great rm fr strage.They can fit in stuff three t fur times greater than cnventinal bags.（这些袋子密封且防水，还提供了巨大的储存空间。他们可以装的东西是传统袋子的3到4倍。）"可知，F 项"对于飞机旅行，极力推荐这种袋子。"是前文的顺意承接，这些袋子存储量大，且密封防水，故极力推荐，故选F项。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据空前"Often thse travelling with kids tend t believe that they might require a whle range f prducts fr their kids.（通常那些带孩子出去旅行的人往往认为，他们可能需要为孩子准备各种各样的东西。）"以及空后"Try t carry nly the essential items and leave the rest that can be bught utside.（只带一些有必要的东西，留下那些在外面能买到的东西。）"可知，空前与空后转折关系，故C项"但是这并不是真的"符合，与前文构成转折关系；带孩子出去旅行的总是想要为孩子带各种各样的东西，但是这并不是真的，只需要带有必要的，其余的可以买，故选C项。
（4）B.段落大意题。根据空后"When it cmes t clthing fr wmen,having a chice f cmmn clrs is great,as they can mix and match utfits.（当谈到女性带的衣服时，带常见颜色的衣服是不错的选择，因为它们可以混合搭配服装。）"可知，本段主要讲对于女性来说，旅行时所带衣服的建议，故B项"对于女性的打包建议"符合，放在本段首句，作为本段的主旨大意，故选B项。
（5）D.推理判断题。根据后文"as they tend t be heavy.Instead,try fashinable sneakers,which give gd cmfrt t yur feet.（因为它们往往会比较重。相反，带一些时尚的运动鞋，能给你的脚带来舒适感。）"可知，此句中的they指代D项"不要带登山鞋"中的hiking shes；此处说不要带登山鞋，空后提出原因，因为它们比较重，并提出建议，时尚的运动鞋更合适，故选D项。
本文为一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了旅行时的几种必要的打包行李的技巧。
技巧：①通读全文，了解文章大意；②细读七个选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词，分析选项间的逻辑关系；③根据文章整体结构、具体内容，结合关键词，选出最佳选项；④将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点查看逻辑关系和关联结构是否合理。
21~35.【答案】B、A、D、C、A、C、B、D、A、B、C、D、B、A、C
【解析】（1）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.ranked把...分等级；B.established建立；C.rewarded奖励；D.stpped停止。句意：这就是Ride a Wave （RAW）成立的原因。根据下文"The nnprfit rganizatin "可知，此处表示成立Ride a Wave （RAW）这个组织。故选B。
（2）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.disabilities残疾，缺陷；B.expressins表达；C.natinalties国籍；D.families家庭。句意：这个非营利组织为残疾儿童提供了一个体验冲浪乐趣的机会。根据上文"Riding a wave is an experience that kids with disabilities might think impssible"可知，此处是信息disabilities的词汇复现。故选A。
（3）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.decent体面的，得体的；B.harmnius和谐的；C.tired劳累的；D.challenged受到挑战的。句意：身体和发育有障碍的年轻人从几英里外赶来参加。根据上文"The nnprfit rganizatin gives kids with（2）a chance "可知，因为都是身患残疾的年轻人，因此冲浪对他们来说是具有挑战性的。故选D。
（4）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.cmmanded命令，指挥；B.criticised批判；C.assisted帮助；D.represented代表，表现。句意：到目前为止，该组织已经帮助了2500多名儿童在海滩度过了改变人生的一天。根据上文"The nnprfit rganizatin gives kids with（2）a chance t feel the excitement f surfing,"可知，此处表示该组织已经帮助了2500多名儿童。故选C。
（5）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.sunrise日出；B.nn中午；C.sunset日落；D.dusk黄昏。句意：日出时，家人会帮孩子登记入住。根据下文"as they see the beach in the first ray f sunshine."可知，此处表示在日出时，登记入住。故选A。
（6）C.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.making up编造，组成；B.handing ut分发；C.putting n穿上；D.thrwing away扔掉。句意：穿上救生衣后，孩子们准备去冲浪。根据下文"life jackets"可知，此处表示穿上救生衣。故选C。
（7）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.elevatrs电梯；B.waves波动；C.bikes自行车；D.hrses马。句意：穿上救生衣后，孩子们准备去冲浪。根据上文"That's why Ride a Wave（RAW）"可知，此处是信息词waves的词汇复现。故选B。
（8）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.exercise锻炼；B.link连接；C.exams考试：D.limitatins限制。句意：冲浪板的前面是专门为身体有缺陷的儿童设计的座位。根据上文"The nnprfit rganizatin gives kids with（2）a chance "可知，此处表示专门为身体有缺陷的儿童设计的座位。故选D。
（9）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.cntrls控制；B.drills练习；C.lsens放松；D.displays展示。句意：一名RAW志愿者安全地控制着冲浪板。根据下文"the bard safely"可知，需要一名RAW志愿者安全地控制着冲浪板。故选A。
（10）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.acknwledge承认；B.gain获得；C.dubt怀疑；D.lack缺乏。句意：在水里可以让孩子们获得自信。根据下文"It lets them knw they can d smething that seems impssible."可知，让他们知道，他们可以做一些看似不可能的事情，可以使孩子们获得自信。故选B。
（11）C.考查副词及语境理解。A.Curiusly好奇地；B.Frtunately幸运地；C.Cnsequently因此，结果；D.Alteratively或者。句意：因此，别人可能很难确切地知道她想要表达什么。根据上文"Mariah Vash was a girl brn with a rare speech disrder."可知，玛丽亚瓦什（Mariah Vash）是一个生来就患有罕见语言障碍的女孩，因此别人很难知道她想表达什么。故选C。
（12）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.serve服务；B.check检查；C.bear忍受；D.express表达。句意：因此，别人可能很难确切地知道她想要表达什么。根据上文"brn with a rare speech disrder"可知，因为有语言障碍疾病，别人很难确切地知道她想要表达什么。故选D。
（13）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.camp营地；B.pl游泳池，水塘；C.sunlight阳光；D.rganizatin组织。句意：海洋，湖泊，游泳池，甚至是一个简单的沐浴都能使她高兴。根据"cean,lake"可知，此处需填和水有关的事物。故选B。
（14）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.delighted高兴的；B.calm冷静的；C.embrrassed尴尬的；D.emtinal情感的。句意：海洋，湖泊，游泳池，甚至是一个简单的沐浴都能使她高兴。根据上文"She deeply lves water."可知，因为非常喜爱水，所以海洋，湖泊，游泳池，甚至是一个简单的沐浴都能使她高兴。故选A。
（15）C.考查副词及语境理解。A.incredibly难以置信地；B.selfishly自私地；C.uncnditinally无条件地；D.slightly轻微地。句意：她教会了我和我的家人如何无条件地去爱，以及如何尽可能地开怀大笑。根据下文"It is selfless service that RAW is all abut,"可知，此处表示她教会了我和我的家人如何无条件地去爱。故选C。
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位天生残疾的女孩Mariah Vash在一个非营利组织RAW的帮助下，体验了冲浪的乐趣。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应及语境，作出正确的选择。
36.【答案】【小题1】
which
【小题2】
times
【小题3】
saying
【小题4】
f
【小题5】
hw
【小题6】
yurself/yurselves
【小题7】
t create
【小题8】
is called
【小题9】
varius
【小题10】
efficiently
【解析】1.
空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词a prblem with stuttering指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
2.
句意：有时，他们甚至连一个字都说不出来。at times为固定短语，意为有时候。故填times。
3.
have difficulty (in) ding sth.为固定用法，表示做某事有困难，空处需填动名词作宾语。故填saying。
4.
句意：口吃的人确切地知道他们想说什么，但发现很难产生正常的语流且与他人交流。a flw f为固定短语，意为一连串的，连贯的。故填f。
5.
空处引导宾语从句，表示“多么”，故填hw。
6.
此处主语和宾语一致，需用yu对应的反身代词yurself/yurselves作宾语。故填yurself/yurselves。
7.
句意：上周，他向德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校（University f Texas at Austin）捐赠了2000万美元，用于创建一个新的口吃研究和教育中心。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语gave，此处需用动词不定式作目的状语。故填t create。
8.
此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语it和call为被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为it，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is called。
9.
修饰名词peple需用形容词作定语。故填varius，表示不同的。
10.
修饰动词cmmunicate需用副词作状语。故填efficiently，表示有效地。
37.【答案】Last weekend,ur schl launched an activity called "Beijing Opera int the Schl".Our class invited an artist t give us a lessn n Beijing pera culture.（活动简介）After a brief self-intrductin,she brught ut pera facial makeup.First,she shared the making f the facial makeup,after which she intrduced sme Beijing pera masters.【高分句型一】（授课情况一）What impressed me mst was that she sang famus Beijing pera pieces.【高分句型二】（授课情况二）All f us,wh were all blwn away by her perfrmance,applauded warmly and culdn't help singing alng.（同学们课堂表现）
I benefited a lt frm the activity.It made me realize the essence f Chinese culture.Beijing pera is s wnderful that we shuld pass it n.（个人体会）
【解析】高分句型一：First,she shared the making f the facial makeup,after which she intrduced sme Beijing pera masters.
翻译：首先，她分享了脸谱的制作，然后介绍了一些京剧大师。
分析：本句使用了"介词+关系代词which"引导的定语从句。
高分句型二：What impressed me mst was that she sang famus Beijing pera pieces.
翻译：给我印象最深的是她演唱了著名的京剧作品。
分析：本句使用了what引导的主语从句及that引导的表语从句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
38.【答案】I saw a happy scene f family reunin.His mther came frward,smiling and asking this and that.The children swarmed abut him,trying t greet their father.Then his yungest child asked him what gifts he had brught t them.He smiled awkwardly and said that there was n present,as he had decided t stp by at the last minute.【高分句型一】Seeing that,I tk sme chclate and snacks ut f my bag and decided t give them t the children as gifts.（作者看到雅各布与家人团聚时的场景以及把自己的零食送给雅各布的孩子们作为礼物）
It was then that the whle family nticed my presence.Jacb eagerly intrduced me t the whle family,explaining that I had given him the pprtunity t reach hme fr a shrt visit.His mther and wife thanked me again and again,warmly inviting me int their hme,where they served me drinks and fruit.【高分句型二】His wife went int the kitchen t prepare a meal fr me.We were chatting happily ver the dinner.Then saying gdbye,we cntinued ur jurney t my destinatin.（雅各布把作者介绍给自己的家人以及大家邀请作者来家中做客并热情款待）
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了在异国他乡，一位因疫情不得不长期间离家工作的出租车司机在送作者的途中临时回家与家人团聚并邀请作者家中做客的故事。
高分句型一
He smiled awkwardly and said that there was n present,as he had decided t stp by at the last minute.
翻译：他尴尬地笑了笑，说没有礼物，因为他是在最后一刻才决定过来的。
分析：运用了that引导的宾语从句以及as引导的原因状语从句。
高分句型二
His mther and wife thanked me again and again,warmly inviting me int their hme,where they served me drinks and fruit.
翻译：他的母亲和妻子一次又一次地感谢我，热情地邀请我去他们家，给我提供饮料和水果。
分析：运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句以及现在分词短语inviting me int their hme作伴随状语。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。