2021-2022学年上海市华东师大三附中高二（下）线上英语试卷（含答案解析）

这是一份2021-2022学年上海市华东师大三附中高二（下）线上英语试卷（含答案解析），共18页。试卷主要包含了98 millin，  A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

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Rare cpy f Shakespeare's First Fli sld fr almst 10 millin Wednesday,becming the mst expensive wrk f literature ever t appear at auctin,accrding t Christie's.
The cllectin f 36 plays,published shrtly after the playwright's death,is ne f nly five cmplete cpies still in private hands,the auctin huse said.
The First Fli is cnsidered amng the mst imprtant cllectins f literature in the English language.It cntains 18 wrks that had nt（1）______ appeared in print,and wuld therwise have been lst t histry,including "Macbeth" and "Twelfth Night."
Published in 1623 by the actrs Jhn Heminge and Henry Cndell,friends f the English playwright,the bk is frmally titled "Cmedies,Histries,and Tragedies," based n the three genres the pair used t（2）______ the plays.
The（3）______ sld n Wednesday was the first cmplete cpy t appear at auctin since ne went fr 6.1 millin in 2001.It was put up fr sale by Mills Cllege in Oakland,Califrnia,which had kept the item in its cllectin since 1977.
After a six-minute bidding battle between three telephne buyers,the item was purchased by bk dealer and antiquarian Stephan Lewentheil fr 9.98 millin.In a phne interview fllwing the sale,he described Shakespeare's riginal flis as the "hly grail f bks."
"（The First Fli） is the greatest wrk in the English language,（4）______ the greatest wrk f theater,s it's smething that anyne wh lves intellectualism has t cnsider a divine bject," said Lewentheil,wh wns stres（5）______ in rare bks and phtgraphy in New Yrk and Maryland.
In a press statement,head f bks and（6）______ at Christie's,Margaret Frd,said it was "befitting" that Shakespeare's wrk nw hlds the auctin wrld recrd "given its tremendus significance and influence arund the glbe."
Althugh arund 750 cpies f the First Fli were prduced,just 235 are knwn t have（7）______t the present day.Of these,nly 56 are cnsidered t be cmplete,with almst all f them nw held by institutins in the US and UK，accrding t Christie's,whse sale catalg said the item's "extrardinary rarity be（8）______."
Believing that the cpies in private hands might "never t cme t market again," Lewentheil said that there may nt be "t many mre chances left" t btain a cpy.
The bk came in a binding dating back t the early 19th century.It was sld alngside a letter by Shakespeare schlar Edmnd Malne frm 1809 （9）______ its authenticity.
The final sale price exceeded the auctin huse's estimates,which had predicted tp bids f 4 millin t 6 millin.A number f ther items at Wednesday's sale sld fr seven-figure sums- including a Ming dynasty carpet that went under the hammer fr ver 1.7 millin-prviding further evidence that the tp end f the auctin market is weathering sme the challenges（10）______ by the pandemic.
"Fr the great bjects that really matter,the markets fr art,literature and phtgraphs have remained very strng," Lewentheil said.
Lawmakers in New Jersey recently advanced a bill that wuld ban businesses frm ging cashless-a mve that wuld put the state at dds with the glbal trend tward electrnic payments but wuld(3) resistance frm lcal fficials wh see n-cash plicies as unfair.
Almst 1 ut f 3 Americans in 2018 say they dn't use cash during a typical week f purchases,accrding t the Pew study released this week.The findings reveal that Americans are becming less reliant n paper currency,mirrring(4) in Sweden,India and China.But state and lcal fficials say that restaurants and shps that adpt cashless plicies have left sme members f the cmmunity behind- individuals withut the(5) t pen a bank accunt r wh lack access t the mbile apps that pwer digital payments.
The New Jersey measure,which wuld apply nly t face-t-face sales and wuld(6)Internet and phne purchases,cmes as fficials push(7) effrts t bar n-cash rules in New Yrk and Philadelphia.(8) cashless plicies ffer cnsumers the prmise f cnvenience and prvide businesses greater prtectin against theft,they als can exclude lw-incme cnsumers r undcumented immigrants,critics say. "Cash-free businesses are discriminatry by design and pse(9) t lw-incme cmmunities that may nt have access t credit," New Yrk Cuncil member Trres said n Twitter when he intrduced a bill that wuld ban the practice.
Accrding t the Pew study,the decline in the use f (10) currency is uneven amng the ppulatin when race,age and incme are accunted fr.Pew fund a significant(11) in cashless adptin tied t annual husehld incme,with adults making at least 75，000 mre than twice as likely t make all their purchases withut using cash in a typical week,(12) with peple wh make less than 30，000.The Pew findings suggest that the(13) f ging cashless may cme with a cst that nly sme grups f peple will bear.Americans with lwer incmes are rughly fur times as likely as higher earners t make almst all f their purchases with cash,accrding t the study.
As has been nted,business leaders have(14) cashless plicies by referring t higher security and(15) custmer service and efficiency.Sme advcates have fcused n prviding peple wh are underserved by the(16) banking system with mre affrdable ptins,attacking the rt cause behind the(17) f cashless payments.
3. A. set upB. put upC. back upD. step up
4. A. depsitsB. exchangesC. shiftsD. currencies
5. A. ideasB. meansC. directinsD. utlets
6. A. attractB. excludeC. advanceD. include
7. A. ppsiteB. assciatedC. similarD. cllective
8. A. WhileB. PrvidedC. BecauseD. As
9. A. discuntsB. trapsC. challengesD. risks
10. A. electrnicB. physicalC. virtualD. digital
11. A. similarityB. expenseC. gapD. cnsumptin
12. A. linkedB. assciatedC. cmbinedD. cmpared
13. A. utcmesB. effectsC. benefitsD. disadvantages
14. A. adptedB. defendedC. develpedD. criticized
15. A. hinderedB. accmplishedC. imprvedD. desired
16. A. traditinalB. fadingC. aggressiveD. unqualified
17. A. transfrmatinsB. develpments
C. criticismsD. creatins
D
Have yu ever heard f Nllywd？Nllywd is the name f the Nigerian film industry：Nigeria is ne f the largest film industries in the wrld based n the quantity f films prduced,placing them right belw India's Bllywd and abve USA's Hllywd!
Brn in arund 1992，Nllywd is the yungest cmpared with the ther tw "wds"，and uses new frms f financing and prductin.Nw it's in adulthd,and bigger prductins have becme mre regular.Hwever,this was nt always the case.Althugh mvie theaters were rare in Nigeria during earlier perid,riginal stries were nt.Despite lack f funds and experience,self-made directrs began t use cmmercial vide cameras t sht their mvies and sld them fr hme viewing.Even thugh this resulted in mvies with lw prductin value,the riginal stries instantly made them a hit.Tday,the film industry is the largest emplyer after agriculture and makes up 5% f Nigeria's GDP.
Nigeria is a big player in the industry and it is cnstantly imprving its craft,taking n new challenges.Nllywd is knwn mainly fr its cmedies and dramas,but we are increasingly seeing hrrr mvies and musicals.
Althugh smetimes heavily criticized fr lw prductin values,Nllywd cntinues t grw fans wrldwide.Nigerian mvies nw make up 11% f Nigeria's nn-il exprts!The average mvie is prduced in 7-10 days n a budget between ￡7，000-12，000（Hllywd's average is arund ￡60 millin per mvie with ne year prductin time）.This is changing,hwever,as mre filmmakers are receiving prper training and are aiming t make films up t the internatinal standard.
18. What is the advantage f Nllywd？ ______
A. Cmmercial supprt.B. Original stries.
C. Dminant cmedies.D. Fast prductin.
19. Which f the fllwing statements abut "wds" is NOT true accrding t the passage？ ______
A. Bllywd prduces mre films than the ther tw "wds".
B. Nllywd is knwn as the yungest amng the three "wds".
C. Hllywd's budget fr an average mvie is much less than Nllywd's.
D. It takes much less time t prduce a Nllywd film than a Hllywd ne.
20. We can infer frm the passage that ______ .
A. Nllywd's cntributin t Nigeria's GDP is secnd nly t agriculture
B. Nllywd makes fewer cmedies and dramas than hrrr mvies and musicals
C. mvies made by Nllywd ccupy mre than 11% f Nigeria's exprt industry
D. mre filmmakers in Nllywd are attempting t imprve the quality f its films
21. The passage mainly talks abut ______ .
A. films wrth enjying in Nigeria.
B. majr differences amng the "wds".
C. prmising future f Nllywd.
D. features and changes f Nllywd.
E

Funded in 1887，The Writer aims t expand and supprt the wrk f prfessinal writers with a straightfrward presentatin f industry infrmatin,writing instructin and prfessinal and persnal mtivatin.If yu're passinate abut bks,authrs,and writing,yu'll find everything yu need within ur pages 12 times a year.
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Thank yu fr cnsidering a submissin t The Writer magazine,the vice f imaginatin,creatin,and publicatin since 1887.
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B. respnds t all the query letters frm the readers
C. intrduces successful writers and their wrks nly
D. prefers handwritten queries t electrnic nes
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A. answer the three questins first
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C. subscribe t the magazine
D. include a brief self-intrductin
24. What is this passage mainly abut？ ______
A. Magazine recmmendatins.B. Submissin guidelines.
C. Published stries.D. Subscriptin infrmatin.
F
Have yu ever nticed that sme difficult situatins tend t repeat themselves? Des it seem as if yu married r dated the same kind f persn several times in different bdies with different names? Have yu run int the same type f bss ver and ver again? If yu dn't deal well with authrity figures at hme, then yu will have an pprtunity t deal with them ut in the wrld.
Yu may try desperately t avid these repeated difficult situatins, which seem t have becme yur set patterns, but they will eventually catch up with yu. The nly way yu can free yurself f them is t shift yur perspective n them seriusly and persistently. T face the challenge means yu need t bravely accept the fact that smething within yu keeps drawing yu t the same kind f persns r issues repeatedly in yur life. This is nt an easy task, since it means yu have t change, and t change is nt always easy. Staying just as yu are certainly is cmfrtable in the familiarity, but it des nt help yu advance spiritually.
Rising t the challenge f identifying and releasing yur patterns frces yu t admit that the way yu have been ding things isn't wrking. Hwever, the gd news is that by identifying and releasing yur patterns, yu actually learn hw t change. In rder t facilitate yur prcess f change, yu will need willingness and patience.
When struggling t make a change, ask yurself, "Hw willing am I, really, t make this change?" If yu truly want t change, yu will make a cmmitment t the prcess f it. If yu abslutely hate getting stuck in traffic, chances are that yu need a little wrk in the area f patience. And chances are that yu will prbably get stuck in mre traffic jams than smene wh has patience. It is nt because the universe has a sense f humr. Yu just ntice and care abut the traffic mre than smene wh has patience. Remember, yu just need willingness and a little patience. Once yu master these, yu will mst likely find the challenge f identifying and releasing yur patterns far less frightening.
25. Hw can yu get rid f repeated difficult situatins in yur life?
A. By trying yur best t avid thse disappinting situatins.
B. By taking a different attitude tward previus life.
C. By gathering up the curage t change yur identity.
D. By changing yur viewpint n them with great determinatin.
26. What's the authr's attitude tward the idea f staying just as yu are?
A. Disapprving.B. Skeptical.C. Supprtive.D. Casual.
27. What des the underlined wrd "facilitate" in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Prmte.B. Pstpne.C. Influence.D. Overlk.
28. What is the effect f mastering willingness and patience accrding t the passage?
A. Guiding yu t identify yur ld patterns.
B. Making yur change becme easier.
C. Challenging yu with difficult patterns.
D. Arusing yur inner desire t challenge yurself.
Peple frm different cultures have different ways f ding things.Fr example,in sme parts f the wrld,peple read the date 2/1/2005 as the secnd f January in 2005.They put the day befre the mnth.In ther parts f the wrld,peple read this date as February 1，2005.They put the mnth befre the day.
(1) The thumbs-up sign means "excellent" in the United States,but it's an insult in parts f Africa.Mving the head up and dwn means "yes" in Eurpe and the United States.Hwever,in Greece and Turkey,it means "n." T pint a finger at smene is kay in Canada,but it's rude in Japan.
Fr business peple,differences like this can cause serius misunderstandings.These misunderstandings can destry business relatinships.T avid this,many businesspeple attend classes t learn abut ther cultures.They study the custms f ther cuntries.
Here are a few things they learn.
Greeting clients crrectly is imprtant in the business wrld.Hwever,custms fr greeting peple vary frm ne culture t anther. (2) In Japan,peple ften bw.Peple frm Thailand put their hands tgether as if praying and then bw the head.In sme Arab cuntries,men dn't shake hands with wmen frm utside the family.
Entertaining is imprtant in the business wrld.It's ften necessary t invite a client t lunch r dinner.Hwever,custms abut eating als vary frm culture t culture.Sme peple dn't eat meat；thers dn't drink alchl.In the West,peple eat with knives and frks；in the East,they eat with chpsticks.In sme cultures,it's kay t discuss business while eating. (3) Businesspeple need t knw abut these differences.
Smetimes business peple visit the hmes f their clients.In mst cuntries,it's the custm t take a small gift.But what d yu take？Again,the custms vary.Fr example,in England,giving a knife is bad luck.In sme cuntries,it's rude t give white flwers r a watch r clck. (4) If yu spend nly a little mney,yu might appear stingy.If yu spend t much,the gift might lk like a bribe.In Malaysia and many ther cuntries,there are laws against bribery.
Ding business with peple frm different cultures is bth fascinating and challenging.Many business peple try t learn abut ther cultures.They d their best t avid cultural misunderstandings.
A.Talking abut business ver nice meals is acceptable in many cuntries.
B.Nrth American men and wmen ften shake hands when they meet.
C.Anther difficulty is hw much mney t spend n a gift.
D.In ther cultures,talking abut business during a meal is rude.
E.Sme peple tend t ignre bdy language and custms in a different cuntry.
F.A simple gesture can als have a different meaning frm ne culture t anther.
29. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. F
30. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. F
31. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. F
32. A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. F
33. Directins：Read the fllwing three passages.Summarize the main idea and the main pint（s） f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds.Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Imagine living n the edge f a vast desert,which is mving quietly clser t yur village every day and cvering yur fields.The desert is n the mve.This is called desertificatin.
Desertificatin ccurs in regins clse t an already existing desert.It generally arises frm tw related causes.The first is ver-use f water in the area.There is nt enugh water in any case,and if it is nt carefully used,disaster can fllw.As time ges n,water shrtages make farming mre and mre difficult.In sme places,lcals can remember lcal lakes and marshes which were nce the hmes fr all kinds f fish and birds.They have been cmpletely buried by the sand nw.Farmers leave the land,and fields are replaced by deserts.
The secnd cause is misuse r ver-use f the land.This means that the wrng crps are planted and need mre water than is available.Plughing large fields and remving bushes and trees means that the wind will blw away the sil.Once the sil is lst,it is hard t replace,and if there is rain,it has nwhere t g,and brings n benefit.
It is nt nly the farmers and villagers wh suffer.Every spring,the skies ver sme f eastern cities,thusands f kilmeters away frm the deserts,can be darkened by sandstrms.Dust frm deserts can have a great effect n weather systems.While desertificatin is perhaps being partly caused by glbal warming,these sandstrms can make glbal warming wrse by adding t what is knwn as the greenhuse effect.
What can be dne t slw dwn r stp the prcess f desertificatin？A great deal f wrk is already under way.Obviusly first steps are t find new water surces.Tree planting can help,by prviding barriers between desert and rich field.Sme types f grass als hld the sil tgether,and stp the wind taking it.Withut these effrts,it will be harder and harder t stp the wrld's deserts in their tracks,and mre and mre farmers will give up and head fr cities.The lessn t be learnt lies beneath the sand.
答案和解析
1.【答案】【小题1】
was raised
【小题2】
despite
【小题3】
which
【小题4】
based
【小题5】
thinking
【小题6】
writing
【小题7】
it
【小题8】
s
【小题9】
the
【小题10】
t win
【解析】1.
此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。raise，抚养，和主语构成被动关系。主语she为第三人称单数。故填was raised。
2.
句意：她幸福的家庭生活使她在学校表现优异，尽管社会上存在着种族歧视的氛围。空格前后构成转折关系，且空格后是名词短语，所以应用介词despite表示“尽管”。
3.
该句包含一个非限制性定语从句，空处缺少介词in的宾语，先行词为grup，所以应用关系代词which。
4.
be based n，以为基础。空处用过去分词作后置定语，修饰stry。故填based。
5.
空处应填非谓语动词，think和主语she构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语。故填thinking。
6.
devte neself t ding，全身心投入做某事，为固定搭配。此处用动名词作介词t的宾语。故填writing。
7.
句意：一天，她重拾为作家小组写的故事，决定把它写成小说。此处代指前文中提到的stry，所以应用代词it。
8.
句意：她利用她童年的记忆，并利用她的想象力扩充这些记忆，因此角色有了自己的生命。本句用s that引导结果状语从句，表示“结果，因此”。故填s。
9.
句意：1993年，莫里森获得了诺贝尔文学奖。表示奖项应用定冠词表示特指。故填the。
10.
当名词被序数词修饰时，应用不定式作后置定语，表示“第一个赢得这一奖项的美国黑人女作家”。故填t win。
2.【答案】B
【解析】（1）B.考查副词。句意：它包含了18部以前从未出版过的作品，如果没有这个作品集，这些作品就会被历史遗忘，包括《麦克白》和《第十二夜》。分析句子并结合句意可知，副词previusly符合题意，意为"以前"作状语修饰appeared。故选B。
（2）D.考查动词。句意：1623年，演员Jhn Heminge和Henry Cndell出版了这本书，他们是这位英国剧作家的朋友，这本书的正式名称是《喜剧、历史和悲剧》，基于这对搭档用来对戏剧进行分类的三种类型。空前的t是不定式符号，所以空处填动词原形，结合句意可知，动词categrize"将……分类"符合题意。故选D。
（3）E.考查可数名词单数。句意：周三售出的版本是自2001年有人出价610万美元以来，首次出现在拍卖会上的完整副本。分析句子可知，空处应填名词作主语，结合句意及"the first cmplete cpy"可知，versin"版本"符合题意。故选E。
（4）A.考查副词。句意：Lewentheil说："《第一对开本》是英语语言中最伟大的作品，当然也是最伟大的戏剧作品，所以任何热爱理性主义的人都会把它视为神圣的东西。" Lewentheil在纽约和马里兰州拥有专门销售珍本书籍和摄影的商店。分析句子并结合句意可知，副词certainly"当然"符合题意。故选A。
（5）G.考查现在分词。句意：Lewentheil说："《第一对开本》是英语语言中最伟大的作品，当然也是最伟大的戏剧作品，所以任何热爱理性主义的人都会把它视为神圣的东西。" Lewentheil在纽约和马里兰州拥有专门销售珍本书籍和摄影的商店。分析句子并结合句意可知，此处指"专门销售珍本书籍和摄影的商店"，specialize in专门从事，是固定短语，G项的specializing是现在分词作后置定语，符合题意，故选G。
（6）K.考查可数名词复数。句意：在一份新闻声明中，佳士得拍卖行的图书和手稿部主管Margaret Frd表示，"鉴于它在全球的巨大影响力"，莎士比亚的作品现在成为拍卖世界纪录的保持者是"合适的"。分析句子可知，空处和bks并列，应填名词，分析选项，manuscripts "手稿"符合题意。故选K。
（7）C.考查动词的过去分词。句意：虽然《第一对开本》的印本有750份左右，但已知现存的只有235份。结合句意及"present day"可知，此处指"现存"，survive幸存，动词，符合题意。此处用过去分词。故选C。
（8）J.考查动词的过去分词。句意；据佳士得称，在这些藏品中，只有56件被认为是完整的，目前几乎所有的藏品都由美国和英国的机构收藏，佳士得的拍卖目录称，这件藏品"极其罕见……再怎么强调也不为过。"结合句意及"extrardinary rarity"可知，藏品极其罕见，再怎么强调也不为过，动词的过去分词verstated"夸张，过分强调"符合题意。故选J。
（9）F.考查现在分词。句意：与此同时被拍卖的还有莎士比亚研究学者Edmnd Malne 1809年的一封信，信中证实了这本书的真实性。结合句意及空后的"its authenticity"可知，此处指"证实了其真实性"。现在分词cnfirming"证实"作后置定语，修饰名词letter。故选F。
（10）I.考查过去分词。句意：在周三的拍卖会上，其他一些物品也拍出了七位数的价格——包括一块明代地毯，成交价超过170万美元——这进一步证明，高端拍卖市场正在经受疫情带来的一些挑战。结合句意可知，此处指"由疫情造成的一些挑战"，pse"造成，引起"符合题意，此处用过去分词形式作后置定语，修饰名词challenges。故选I。
这是一篇新闻报道，一份罕见的莎士比亚作品集《第一对开本》在周三以近1000万美元的价格售出，成为有史以来拍卖会上最贵的文学作品，文章主要介绍了这部作品集。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如动词的人称数，时态，语态，固定短语；名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等
3~17.【答案】C、C、B、B、C、A、C、B、C、D、C、B、C、A、C
【解析】（1）C.考查动词词组及语境理解。A.set up设置；B.put up张贴；C.back up支持；D.step up加紧。句意：新泽西州的立法者最近提出了一项法案 ，禁止企业无现金交易。此举将使该州与全球电子支付趋势背道而驰，但会支持当地官员的抵制，他们认为无现金政策是不公平的。根据第三段中"New Yrk Cuncil member Trres said n Twitter when he intrduced a bill that wuld ban the practice." 可知此处表示新法案将支持官员对于无现金政策的抵制。故选C项。
（2）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.depsits存款；B.exchanges交易；C.shifts转变；D.currencies货币。句意：这些发现揭示了美国人的生活越来越不依赖纸币，这也是瑞典、印度和中国变化的真实写照。根据上句"The findings reveal that Americans are becming less reliant n paper currency."可知美国人对于现金的依赖越来越少，这是一种转变。故选C项。
（3）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.ideas想法；B.means方法；C.directins方向；D.utlets出口。句意：但是州和地方官员说，餐馆和商店采用无现金政策的做法使社区中的某些成员落在了后面一某些人无法开设银行账户，或者无法使用信贷额度或支持数字支付的移动应用。根据下文"lack access t lines f credit"可知此处表明有些人无法开设银行账户。故选B项。
（4）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.attract吸引；B.exclude排除；C.advance提前；D.include包括。句意：新泽西州的这项措施仅适用于面对面的销售，不包括互联网和电话的购买方式。根据上句"apply nly t face-t-face sales " 可知这个政策不包括互联网和电话的购买方式。故选B项。
（5）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.ppsite相对的；B.assciated关联的；C.similar相似的；D.cllective集体的。句意：与此同时，官员们也在进行类似的努力，以禁止纽约和费城的无现金规定。根据后句"effrts t bar n-cash rules in New Yrk and Philadelphia."可知纽约和费城的官员也在禁止无现金规定，和新泽西州的情况相似。故选C项。
（6）A.考查连词及语境理解。A.While然而；B.Prvided假设；C.Because因为；D.As当。句意：评论家说，尽管无现金政策为消费者提供了便利的条件，并为企业提供了更多的防盗保护，但它们也将低收入消费者或无证件移民排除在外。分析本句可知前后部分存在对比关系，即无现金政策的好处和坏处的对比，因此使用转折连词while连接前后句。故选A项。
（7）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.discunts折扣；B.traps陷阱；C.challenges挑战；D.risks风险。句意：无现金业务在设计上具有歧视性，给那些可能无法获得信贷或借记的低收入社区带来挑战。根据前句"they als can exclude lw-incme cnsumers r undcumented immigrants,"可知，无现金政策会给无法获得信贷或借记的低收入社区带来挑战。故选C项。
（8）B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.electrnic电子的；B.physical有形的；C.virtual虚拟的；D.digital手指的。句意：根据Pew的研究，考虑到种族，年龄和收入，实际货币使用的下降在人群中是不均衡的。根据下文"make all their purchases withut using cash "可知很多人不使用现金购买，意在表明导致了当下有形货币使用量减少。故选B项。
（9）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.similarity相似性；B.expense费用；C.gap差距；D.cnsumptin消耗。句意：Pew发现与家庭年收入相关的无现金支付手段存在显着差距，与收入不足3万美元的人相比，收入至少7.5万美元的成年人一周内不使用现金购物的可能性要多出两倍。根据后文"with adults making at least 75，000 mre than twice as likely t make all their purchases withut using cash in a typical week,（10）with peple wh make less than 30，000."可知年收入不同导致家庭使用无现金支付的情况存在差距。故选C项。
（10）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.linked连接；B.assciated关联；C.cmbined合并；D.cmpared比较。句意：Pew发现与家庭年收入相关的无现金收养存在显着差距，与收入不足3万美元的人相比，收入至少7.5万美元的成年人一周内不使用现金购物的可能性要多出两倍。通过分析语境可知，此处前后句存在对比关系，因此使用表示"比较、对比"意义的词。故选D项。
（11）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.utcmes结果；B.effects影响；C.benefits好处；D.disadvantages缺点。句意：Pew的研究结果表明，无现金支付在带来好处的同时，也会付出一定的代价，这些代价可能只有部分人群可以承受。根据下文上文内容可知，无现金支付为消费者提供了便利，也为企业提供了防盗保护，且收入高的人群使用无现金购物的频率较高，创造了更多的经济价值，这都是无现金支付带来的好处。故选C项。
（12）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.adpted领养；B.defended捍卫；C.develped发达；D.criticized批评。句意：如前所述，企业领导者通过提出更高的安全性以及改善的客户服务和效率来捍卫无现金政策。通过下文"Sme advcates have fcused n prviding peple wh are underserved by the（14）.banking system with mre affrdable ptins,attacking the rt cause behind the（15）f cashless payments"可知本段讲述支持无现金政策的企业领导和拥护者的做法，意在表明企业是支持无现金政策的。B项defended"捍卫"切合语境。故选B项。
（13）C.考查动词词及语境理解。A.hindered阻碍；B.accmplished完成；C.imprved改进；D.desired渴望。句意：如前所述，企业领导者通过提出更高的安全性以及改善的客户服务和效率来捍卫无现金政策。根据下文"with mre affrdable ptins"可知，企业领导者与支持者之间存在平行结构，此处意在表明企业将会改善客户服务和效率。故选C项。
（14）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.traditinal传统的；B.fading褪色的；C.aggressive侵略的；D.unqulified不合格的。句意：一些倡导者一直致力于为那些理应享受传统银行系统服务的人提供更多负担得起的选择，以打击无现金支付批评背后的根源所在。分析语境可知，传统银行给人们的服务不够，因此支持者将会为人们提供更具选择的服务。故选A项。
（15）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.transfrmatins变革；B.develpments发展；C.criticisms批评；D.creatins创作。句意：一些倡导者一直致力于为那些理应享受传统银行系统服务的人提供更多负担得起的选择，以打击无现金支付批评背后的根源所在。根据上文内容"Sme advcates have fcused n prviding peple wh are underserved by the（14）.banking system with mre affrdable ptins"可知这些人是支持无现金支付模式的，因此他们的目的是要攻击那些对这种支付批评态度的人或者团体。故选C项。
本文主要讲述了新泽西州新颁发的法案禁止企业无现金交易，从多角度分析了无现金支付的当下形式，进一步指出了其中的优势和劣势。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应及语境。作出正确的选择。
18~21.【答案】B、C、D、D
【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第二段中的the riginal stries instantly made them a hit. 原创的故事立即使它们大受欢迎。可知，诺利伍德的优势是原创故事。故选B。
（2）C.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的The average mvie is prduced in 7-10 days n a budget between ￡7，000-12，000 （Hllywd's average is arund ￡60 millin per mvie with ne year prductin time ）平均每部电影在7-10天内制作，预算在7000-12000英镑之间（好莱坞平均每部电影约为6000万英镑，制作时间为一年）。可知，好莱坞的普通电影预算比诺利伍德的要多得多。所以C选项不正确，故选C。
（3）D.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的This is changing,hwever,as mre filmmakers are receiving prper training and are aiming t make films up t the internatinal standard. 然而，随着越来越多的电影制作人接受适当的培训，并致力于制作符合国际标准的电影，这种情况正在改变。可知，诺利伍德的更多电影制作人正试图提高影片的质量，故选D。
（4）D.主旨大意题。本文介绍了尼日利亚电影工业诺利伍德的发展过程的变化和特点。结合选项：A.films wrth enjying in Nigeria值得在尼日利亚欣赏的电影；B.majr differences amng the "wds""树林"之间的主要区别；C.prmising future f Nllywd诺利伍德充满希望的未来；D.features and changes f Nllywd诺利伍德的特征和变化。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了尼日利亚电影工业诺利伍德的发展过程的变化和特点。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意．因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。
其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性．对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
22~24.【答案】A、D、B
【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第二段We are lking fr clear takeaway fr ur readers ：What can they learn t imprve their writing r advance their careers ？What specific hw-t tips and strategies will accmplish this ？（我们正在为我们的读者寻找明确的收获：他们可以学习什么来提高他们的写作或推进他们的职业生涯？有什么具体的方法和策略可以做到这一点？）可知《作家》杂志为写作生涯提供切实可行的建议，故选A。
（2）D.细节理解题。根据第三段In additin t a fleshed-ut utline f yur stry idea and an estimated wrd cunt,queries shuld include a brief descriptin f yur backgrund （除了对你的故事构思进行详尽的概述和估计的字数外，提问还应该包括对你的背景的简要描述。）可知在发送查询信时，参与者必须包括简短的自我介绍，故选D。
（3）B.主旨大意题。本文介绍了杂志《作家》，并且主要介绍了读者投稿的指南。故选B。
本文介绍了杂志《作家》，并且主要介绍了读者投稿的指南。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
25~28.【答案】D、A、A、B
【解析】【文章大意】本文讲述了人生中困境总是重复出现，要避免这种情况，唯一的方法是改变自己对困境的看法。
1. 根据第二段中的The nly way yu can free yurself f them is t shift yur perspective n them seriusly and persistently.可知，避免这些困境重复发生的唯一方法是坚决改变对它们的看法，故选D。
2. 根据第二段中的Staying just as yu are certainly is cmfrtable in the familiarity, but it des nt help yu advance spiritually.可知，作者认为墨守成规，不思进取固然安逸，却无益于心灵的成长。由此可知，作者不赞成这个观点，故选A。
3. 根据划线部分所在句子In rder t facilitate yur prcess f change, yu will need willingness and patience.可知，此句语境为“为了促进你的改变过程，你将需要意志力和耐心。”根据语境可知，facilitate是“促进”的意思，故选A。
4. 根据最后一段中的Once yu master these, yu will mst likely find the challenge f identifying and releasing yur patterns far less frightening.可知，一旦你有了意志力和耐心，你的改变就会变得没那么可怕，会更容易。故选B。
29~32.【答案】F、B、C、D
【解析】（1）F．推理判断题。根据下文"The thumbs-up sign means "excellent" in the United States,but it's an insult in parts f Africa.（在美国，竖起大拇指的意思是"棒极了"，但在非洲部分地区，这是一种侮辱）"可知，本段讲的是各种手势在不同文化中的不同含义，而F选项"A simple gesture can als have a different meaning frm ne culture t anther.（一个简单的手势在不同的文化中也有不同的含义）"与下文一致。故选F。
（2）B．细节理解题。根据上文"Hwever,custms fr greeting peple vary frm ne culture t anther.（然而，问候人们的习俗因文化的不同而不同）"以及下文"In Japan,peple ften bw.（在日本，人们通常是鞠躬）"可知，这里讲的是问候方式各个地方不同，下文举了日本为例。选项B"Nrth American men and wmen ften shake hands when they meet.（北美的男人和女人见面时经常握手）"举了北美人见面的例子，与上下文一致。故选B。
（3）D．细节理解题。根据上文"In sme cultures,it's kay t discuss business while eating.（在某些文化中，边吃边谈生意是可以的）"以及下文"Businesspeple need t knw abut these differences.（商务人士需要了解这些差异）"可知，上文讲的是吃饭的时候可以谈生意，而下文讲的是需要了解这些差异。选项D"In ther cultures,talking abut business during a meal is rude.（在其他文化中，边吃边谈生意是不礼貌的）"正好承上启下。故选D。
（4）C．推理判断题。根据下文"If yu spend nly a little mney,yu might appear stingy.If yu spend t much,the gift might lk like a bribe. （如果你只花很少的钱，你可能会显得小气。如果你花得太多，礼物可能看起来像贿赂）"可知，此处讲的是礼物的花费问题，选项C"Anther difficulty is hw much mney t spend n a gift.（另一难点是买礼物该花多少钱）"符合上下文语境。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了拥有不同文化背景的人做事方式也不同，对于职场人士，知道这些差异并了解如何做，显得尤为重要。
该类题型要求从短文后的六个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出四个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是解题的关键。
33.【答案】Desertificatin,the tendency f desert mving and cvering nearby fields,is mainly caused by verusing water and misusing the land.【高分句型一】（沙漠化的原因）It nt nly des harm t the residents but als has negative effects n weather systems.【高分句型二】（危害）T deal with it,new water surces shuld be discvered,and trees and grasses can be planted t set barriers and slidify the sil.（如何应对）
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了沙漠化的原因，危害以及应对措施。
高分句型一：Desertificatin,the tendency f desert mving and cvering nearby fields,is mainly caused by verusing water and misusing the land.
翻译：沙漠化是沙漠移动并覆盖附近农田的趋势，主要是由于过度用水和滥用土地造成的。
分析：本句the tendency f desert mving and cvering nearby fields为同位语，解释说明Desertificatin。
高分句型二：It nt nly des harm t the residents but als has negative effects n weather systems.
翻译：它不仅对居民有害，而且对天气系统也有负面影响。
分析：本句使用了固定句式"nt als"译为"不但...而且..."。
概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
A.certainly B.previusly C.survived D.categrize E.versin F.cnfirming
G.specializing H.cunt I.psed J.verstated K.manuscripts